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The correct answer is Election Commission.

Key Points

• The Election Commission of India
• It is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering Union and State election processes in India.
• The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and State Legislative Assemblies in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country.
• Part XV of the Indian constitution deals with elections and establishes a commission for these matters.
• The Election Commission was established under the Constitution on 25^th January 1950.
• Article 324 to 329 of the constitution deals with powers, function, tenure, eligibility, etc of the commission and the member.
• Election Commission of India superintendents, direct and control the entire process of conducting elections to Parliament and Legislature of every State and the offices of President and Vice-President of India.
• The most important function of the commission is to decide the election schedules for the conduct of periodic and timely elections, whether general or bye-elections.
• It prepares the electoral roll, issues Electronic Photo Identity Card (EPIC).
• It decides on the location of polling stations, assignment of voters to the polling stations, location of counting centers, arrangements to be made in and around polling stations and counting centers, and all allied matters.
• It grants recognition to political parties & allots election symbols to them along with settling disputes related to it. Hence, Option 4 is correct.
• The Commission also has advisory jurisdiction in the matter of post-election disqualification of sitting members of Parliament and State Legislatures.
• It issues the Model Code of Conduct in elections for political parties and candidates so that no one indulges in unfair practice or there is no arbitrary abuse of powers by those in power.

Additional Information

• Parliament
• India has a parliamentary system of government.
• The Union Parliament is the supreme legislative body in the country.
• The Indian Parliament is a bicameral legislature consisting of two houses – the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.
• The members of the Lok Sabha (House of the People) are directly elected by the people through the voting process.
• The members of the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) are elected by the members of the states’ legislative assemblies.
• The Parliament consists of the two Houses and the President of India.
• President
• The President of India is the head of the Indian state and is also the first citizen of India. Article 52 of the Indian Constitution mentions that there shall be a President of India. The incumbent President of India is Droupadi Murmu.
• The detailed information about the election of the president in India and articles related to the President of India will be discussed in this article. The President is an integral part of the union executive along with the Vice President, Prime Minister, the council of ministers, and attorney journal.
• Supreme Court
• The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial court and the final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of judicial review.
• India is a federal state and has a single and unified judicial system with a three-tier structure, i.e. Supreme Court, High Courts, and Subordinate Courts.
• The Indian constitution provides for a provision of Supreme Court under Part V (The Union) and Chapter 6 (The Union Judiciary).
• Articles 124 to 147 in Part V of the Constitution deal with the organization, independence, jurisdiction, powers, and procedures of the Supreme Court.
• The Indian constitution under Article 124(1) states that there shall be a Supreme Court of India constituting of a Chief Justice of India (CJI) and, until Parliament by law prescribes a larger number, of not more than seven other Judges.
• The Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India can broadly be categorized into original jurisdiction, appellate jurisdiction, and advisory jurisdiction. However, there are other multiple powers of the Supreme Court.

The correct answer is Chief Justice of India.

Key Points

• In the event of the occurrence of vacancies in the offices of both the President and the Vice-President, by reason in each case of death, resignation or removal, or otherwise, the Chief Justice of India or, in his absence, the senior-most Judge of the Supreme Court of India available shall discharge the functions of the President until a new President elected in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution to fill the vacancy in the office of the President enters upon his office or a new Vice-President so elected begins to act as President under article 65 of the Constitution, whichever is earlier. Hence, Option 3 is correct.

Important Points

• Justice Hidayatullah was thereupon sworn in as the Acting President of India on 20^th July 1969 and served in that capacity till late V.V. Giri was sworn in as the duly elected President of the Republic.

Additional Information

• Prime Minister
• Article 74 of the Constitution deals with the status of the council of ministers while Article 75 deals with the appointment, tenure, responsibility, qualification, oath, and salaries and allowances of the ministers.
• Article 75 (Other Provisions as to Ministers): The PM shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the PM.
• The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)
• It discharges multifarious responsibilities, the important among them being - internal security, border management, Centre-State relations, administration of Union Territories, management of Central Armed Police Forces, disaster management, etc.
• The Speaker of Lok Sabha
• Article 93 of the Constitution provides for the election of both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker.
• The Speaker is the constitutional and ceremonial head of the House.
• There is a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker for the Lok Sabha and a Chairman and a Deputy Chairman for the Rajya Sabha.

The correct answer is All of the above.

Key Points

Tobacco smoke

• It contains many chemicals that are harmful to both smokers and non-smokers.
• Breathing even a little tobacco smoke can be harmful.
• Of the more than 7,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, at least 250 are known to be harmful, including hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, and ammonia.

Important Points

• Carbon monoxide
• It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, flammable gas that is slightly less dense than air.
• Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom.
• Tobacco smoke contains carbon monoxide which is a poisonous gas.
• It interferes with the uptake of oxygen in the lungs and with its release from the blood to the tissues that need it.
• When carbon monoxide is inhaled it combines with hemoglobin in the blood to form carboxyhemoglobin, which reduces the amount of oxygen available to the body's vital organs.
• Oxygen levels may be reduced by as much as 15%.
• Nicotine
• It is a chiral alkaloid that is naturally produced in the nightshade family of plants (most predominantly in tobacco and Duboisia hopwoodii) and is widely used recreationally as a stimulant and anxiolytic.
• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of chemicals that occur naturally in coal, crude oil, and gasoline.
• They also are produced when coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage, and tobacco are burned.
• Naphthalene is a PAH that is produced commercially in the United States to make other chemicals and mothballs.
• Cigarette smoke contains many PAHs.

Additional Information

E-cigarettes - 

• Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and electronic non-nicotine delivery systems (ENNDS), commonly referred to as e-cigarettes, are devices that heat a liquid to create an aerosol which is then inhaled by the user, these may or may not contain nicotine.
• The main constituents of the solution by volume are propylene glycol, with or without glycerol, and flavoring agents.

The correct answer is Fractional Distillation.

Key Points

• Fractional distillation
• It is the process by which oil refineries separate crude oil into different, more useful hydrocarbon products based on their relative molecular weights in a distillation tower.
• This is the first step in the processing of crude oil, and it is considered to be the main separation process as it performs the initial rough separation of the different fuels.
• The different components that are separated during this process are known as fractions.
• Fractions that are separated include gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and bitumen.
• Fractional distillation allows a lot of useful products to be made from crude oil, with many environmental consequences for the use of those useful products. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• Fractional distillation is used since the difference in the boiling points is very less.
• Vacuum distillation is used for separating mixtures having a high boiling point difference.​

Additional Information

• Exploration
• It is the act of searching for the discovery of information or resources, especially in the context of geography or space, rather than research and development that is usually not centered on earth sciences or astronomy.
• Exploration occurs in all non-sessile animal species, including humans.
• Distillation, or classical distillation
• It is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation.
• Dry distillation is the heating of solid materials to produce gaseous products.
• Filtration
• It is a physical separation process that separates solid matter and fluid from a mixture using a filter medium that has a complex structure through which only the fluid can pass.

The correct answer is Nitrogen.

Key Points

• The bulbs are filled with chemically inert gases such as nitrogen or argon to prevent oxidation of the tungsten filament used in the bulb.
• It is a chemical element with atomic number 7 and is denoted by the symbol (N).
• Nitrogen is odorless, colorless, and generally considered an inert gas in nature.
• Nitrogen was discovered by chemist and physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772.
• Any inert gases or noble gases can be filled in electric bulbs, here nitrogen is one of them.
• Helium, neon, argon, krypton, and argon are the gases used in light bulbs.
• Argon is a commonly used gas that is used to fill light bulbs.
• This prolongs the life of the bulb by preventing the tungsten filaments from wearing out too quickly.
• In modern times nitrogen gas is filled which protects the tungsten fibers. Hence option 3 is correct.

Additional Information

• Hydrogen
• The atomic number is 1 and is denoted by the symbol (H).
• It was discovered by Henry Cavendish.
• In 1883 Lavashie named hydrogen because it burns with oxygen to form water. Hydrogen is the first element of the periodic table.
• Carbon dioxide
• The atomic number is 6 and is denoted by the symbol (CO₂).
• It was discovered by Joseph Black.
• Oxygen
• The atomic number is 8and is denoted by the symbol (O).
• It was discovered by Antoine Lavoisier, Joseph Priestley, and Carl Wilhelm Scheele.
• Joseph Priestley prepared oxygen gas by heating mercuric oxide in 1664 CE.

Calculation:

60% of \(\frac{3}{4}^{\rm th}\) of 600 

⇒ 60/100 × 3/4 × 600 

⇒ 60 × 3/4 × 6

⇒ 270

∴ 60% of \(\frac{3}{4}^{\rm th}\) of 600 = 270

Given:

Speed of thief = 8 km/h 

Speed of policeman = 10 km/h 

Distance to be covered = 100 m 

Formulas used:

Relative speed (same direction) = Speed of policeman - Speed of thief

Time = Distance/Relative Speed 

Calculation:

Time taken by policeman to catch the thief = 100 m/(10 - 8) km/h 

⇒ 100 m/2 km/h 

⇒ 100 m/(2 km × 5/18)

⇒ (100 m/2) × 18/5 

⇒ 180 seconds 

⇒ 180/60 minutes = 3 minutes

∴ Time taken by policeman to catch the thief is 3 minutes.

The logic follows here is -

As Malaria is caused by Mosquito.

Similarly,

Rabies is caused by Dog.

Hence, "Rabies" is the correct answer.

In this series,

We subtract first term from second term and second term from third term and so on. We got resultant again we subtract first term from second term and second term from third term and so on. 

Which are given below -

Hence, "29" is the correct answer.

Concept Used:

Mean = sum of all observations / number of observations

Calculation:

Mean of 2, 4, 3, 5, 6, 9, 7 and 'a' = 6

6 = (2 + 4 + 3 + 5 + 6 + 9 + 7 + a)/8 

⇒ 48 = 36 + a

∴  a = 12