Search Previous Year Questions

The correct answer is 3.

Key Points 

Parliament

• Article 79 defines the constitution of Parliament.
• Parliament consists of Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and the President.
• Parliament, also called the Sansad, is the legislature of the Union. It has the President, and two houses- the Upper House and the Lower House. The Upper House is also called the Rajya Sabha or the Council of States while the Lower House is called the Lok Sabha or the House of the people.
• Article 83 is related to the duration of the parliament.
• Parliament conducts three sessions in a year namely the Budget session, Monsoon session, and winter session.

The correct answer is Mr. M. C. Setalvad.

Key Points

• Law commission of India is a non-statutory body constituted by the government of India from time to time.
• The first law commission of pre-independent India was established in 1834.
• It was established under the Chairmanship of Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay.
• The first law commission of Independent India was established in 1955.
• It was established under the Chairmanship of M C Setalvad.
• Indian Penal Code came into force in British India during the early British Raj period in 1862.

Additional Information

• The second law commission was established in 1958.
• It was established under the Chairmanship of Justice T. V. Venkatarama Aiyar.
• The third law commission was established in 1961.
• It was established under the Chairmanship of Justice J. L. Kapur.
• The fifth law commission was established in 1968.
• It was established under the Chairmanship of K. V. K. Sundaram.

The correct answer is More than one of the above

Key PointsOne Nation One Election

• The concept of one nation one election comes from the fact that each state and union territories have assemblies of legislatures that require elections for members to be elected.

Constitutional Amendments needed for simultaneous Elections:

• The term of the LokSabha and that of the State Legislative Assemblies needs to be synchronized so that the election to both can be held within a given span of time.
• For instance, the term of the present LokSabha will go up to 2024, but elections to some of the legislative assemblies had already taken place last year (e.g. Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan) and some are due this year (for e.g. Haryana, Maharashtra, and Jharkhand), resulting in different dates of completion of the term.
• To sync the term of the State Legislative Assemblies with that of the LokSabha, the term of the state legislative assemblies can be reduced and increased accordingly and for the same, a constitutional amendment would be needed in
• Article 83: States that the term of the Lok Sabha will be five years from the date of its first sitting.
• Article 85: It empowers the President to dissolve the Lok Sabha.
• Article 172: States that the term of the legislative assembly will be five years from the date of its first sitting.
• Article 174: It empowers the Governor of the state to dissolve the Legislative Assembly.
• Article 356: It authorizes the Central Government to impose the President’s Rule for the failure of constitutional machinery in the state.
• The Representation of the People Act as well as related parliamentary procedure will also need to be amended.

One Nation One Election' system

• The current electoral system of the country holds separate polls for the Lok Sabha and state Assemblies in a gap of five years, i.e. when the tenure of the Lower House or the state government concludes, or either of them is dissolved prematurely.
• The term of state assemblies may not necessarily be in sync with one another or that of the Lok Sabha. 
• As a result, the mammoth task of conducting elections goes all round the year.
• One Nation One Election proposes that simultaneous elections be held in all states and the Lok Sabha in a gap of five years. 
• This will involve the restructuring of the Indian election cycle in a manner that elections to the states and the centre synchronise.
• This would mean that the voters will cast their vote for electing members of the LS and the state assemblies on a single day, at the same time (or in a phased manner as the case may be).

.The correct answer is Mizoram.

Key Points

• The history of Panchayati Raj, in India, on 24 April 1993, the Constitutional (73^rd Amendment) Act 1992 came into force to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions.
• This act was extended to Panchayats in the tribal areas of eight states, namely: Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, and Rajasthan beginning on 24 December 1996.
• Currently, the Panchayati Raj system exists in all states except Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram, and in all Union Territories except Delhi

The correct answer is 2026.

Key Points

• The Delimitation Commission (Boundary commission) of India is a commission established by the Government of India under the provisions of the Delimitation Commission Act.
• Under Article 82, the Parliament enacts a Delimitation Act after every Census.
• Under Article 170, States also get divided into territorial constituencies as per the Delimitation Act after every Census.
• The first delimitation exercise was carried out by the President with the help of the Election Commission in 1950-51.
• The Delimitation Commission Act was enacted in the year 1952.
• Delimitation Commissions have been set up four times — 1952, 1963, 1973, and 2002.
• The 42^nd Amendment Act of 1976 froze the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and the division of each state into territorial constituencies till the year 2000 at the 1971 level.
• This ban on readjustment was extended for another 25 years (ie, up to the year 2026) by the 84^th Amendment Act of 2001, with the same objective of encouraging population limiting measures.

The correct answer is final interpreter of the Constitution

Key Points

• In India, the Supreme Court has been given a highly important position and serves as the final interpreter of constitutional interpretation.
• The Supreme Court of India is granted the power of judicial review and may review any law in accordance with Articles 13, 32, 131–136, 143, 226 and 246.
• The Supreme Court can protect fundamental rights and strike down laws that go against the Constitution.
• Article 13 declares that all laws that are inconsistent with or in derogation of the Fundamental Rights shall be null and void.
• Article 32 guarantees the right to move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of the Fundamental Rights and empowers the Supreme Court to issue directions or orders or writs for that purpose.
• Article 137 of the constitution of India empowers the Supreme Court to review its own order or judgment.
• Indian Constitution is federal in nature and it is the constitutional duty of the Supreme Court to interpret the constitution.

Additional Information

• The Federal Court of India was set up and inaugurated on 1 October 1937, and continued to be the supreme authority of the Indian judiciary until 1950, when the Federal Court of India was replaced by the present Supreme Court of India.

The correct answer is finance commission.

Key PointsState Finance Commission:

• Its objective is to review the finances of local bodies and make relevant recommendations.
• In 1994, Article 243 (I) provided for the constitution of the State Finance Commission for Panchayati Raj Institutions and Article 243 (Y) for urban bodies.
• After the 73^rd and 74^th Constitutional Amendments in April 1994,  State Finance Commission was constituted in states.
• Functions of State Finance Commission:
• To recommend what percentage share should be given to Panchayati Raj institutions and urban bodies out of the revenue collection made by the State Government through fee, octroi, tax, etc.
• To recommend which duties, octroi, taxes, tolls should be collected by the urban bodies / Panchayati Raj Institutions.
• To earmark grants to local bodies from the Consolidated Fund of the State.
• To review the financial position of Panchayati Raj Institutions of the State.
• Acts as an intermediary between the Center and the States on financial issues.

The correct answer is Harmonious life.

Key Points

Community Development Programme (CDP)

• The Government of India initiated the development of the community through Community Development Programme (CDP).
• The Community Development Program was started on 2^nd October 1952.
• The 55 community projects were launched.
• The Community Development Programmes focussed on the development of rural areas.
• The members of the Community were involved in decision-making and solving problems related to any issues concerning the community.
• The program provided improvement in systems of communication, a substantial increase in the country's agricultural program, rural health, hygiene, education, etc.
• The primary objective of the Community Development Programme was to promote, sustain, maintain and support community action.
• The main objective of the program was to improve the standard of living of the village people.
• The village people have been provided with opportunities to set up industries, various employment facilities, and training to improve their agricultural production.
• It was a holistic approach grounded in principles.
• The five principles of Community Development were
• Social Justice
• Self Determination
• Empowerment
• Human Rights
• Collective Action.

The correct answer is 788.

Key Points

• As per Article 66 of the Constitution of India, the Vice-President is elected by the members of the Electoral College consisting of the members of both Houses of Parliament in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote. For 2022, 16^th Vice-Presidential Election, the Electoral College consists of:
• 233 elected members of Rajya Sabha,
• 12 nominated members of Rajya Sabha, and
• 543 elected members of Lok Sabha.\
• Electoral College comprises of a total of 788 members of both Houses of Parliament.
• Since, all the electors are members of both Houses of Parliament, the value of vote of each Member of Parliament would be same i.e.1 (one).

The correct answer is Any number of times.

Key Points

Election of President:

• ​The Indian President is the head of the state and he is also called the first citizen of India.
• He is a part of Union Executive, provisions of which are dealt with in Articles 52-78 including articles related to the President (Articles 52-62).
• There is no direct election for the Indian President. An electoral college elects him.
• Once President is elected, he holds office for five years.
• He sits in office even after the completion of five years given no new election has taken place or no new President has been elected till then.
• He can also be re-elected and there is no cap on his re-election.