Search Previous Year Questions

The correct answer is Dadabhai Naoroji.

Key Points

• The flag of swaraj was unfurled in the Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress in 1906 by Dada Bhai Naoroji. Dada Bhai Naoroji was also known as the Great Grand Old Man of India.
• In 1906, the session of congress was held at Calcutta and Dadabhai Naoroji was the president of Congress for this session.
• In the 1906 Congress Session held at Calcutta, the INC under the presidentship of Dadabhai Naoroji declared self-government or Swaraj as the goal of the INC.
• The Extremists (or the Garam Dal) gained a dominant influence over the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal from 1905 till 1908; it is also known as the “Era of Passionate Nationalists”.
• Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Bipin Chandra Pal (Lal-Bal-Pal) were important leaders of this Radical group.

Additional Information

Important Session of INC

The correct answer is Praja Mandal Movement.

Key Points

State People's Movement:

• The All India States Peoples' Conference (AISPC) was a conglomeration of political movements in the princely states of the British Raj, which were variously called Praja Mandals or Lok Parishads.
• The Praja Mandal movement was a part of the Indian independence movement from the 1920s in which people living in the princely states, who were subject to the rule of local aristocrats rather than the British Raj, campaigned against those feudatory rulers, and sometimes also the British administration, in attempts to improve their civil rights.
• Activities of Praja Mandal Movements implemented the constructive programmes of the Indian National Movement in their princely states by establishing schools, using khadi, encouraging cottage industries and fighting against the practices like untouchability.
• The urban middle class organised themselves into Praja-Parishads or Praja Mandals with nationalistic ideas emerging in the princely states.

Note: 

• The term states Peoples Movements Refers to a general situation
• where different movements were organised in the princely states. This was variously referred to as states Peoples conference (NOT MOVEMENT),
• Praja mandals and lok parishads. Option "C" mentions PRAJA MANDAL which is the correct answer since other nomenclatures are not mentioned among the options.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

Mahatma Gandhi:

• Pandit Malaviya had invited Gandhiji to speak on the occasion of the opening of the Banaras Hindu University.
• On February 4, 1916, it was Gandhiji's turn to address the audience, mostly consisting of impressionable youths.
• On this occasion, Gandhiji made his first public appearance after returning from South Africa. Hence, option 3 is correct.
• Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in 1915.
• The Non-Cooperation Movement was the beginning of the Gandhian Movement against the British.
• The non-cooperation movement, popularly known as the civil disobedience movement, was launched on 1 August 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi.
• In February 1922, at Chauri Chaura, Uttar Pradesh, twenty-two policemen were brutally killed by a violent mob after the conflict between the mob and the policemen of the Thana.
• The news shocked Gandhi too much. Not happy with the increasingly violent trend of the movement, he immediately announced the withdrawal of the movement. Hence, option 2 is correct.
• In March 1922, Gandhi was arrested and sentenced to six years in jail. Hence, option 1 is not correct.

The correct answer is Al-Hilal.

Key Points

Abul Kalam Azad

• Maulana Azad was the First Minister of Education in the Indian Government.
• He was an Indian scholar, independence activist, and senior leader of the Indian National Congress during the Indian Independence Movement.
• Azad became the leader of the Khilafat movement, during which he came into close contact with the Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi.
• In 1923, he became the youngest person to serve as the President of the Indian National Congress.
• He served as Congress president from 1940 to 1945, during the Quit India movement.
• He also worked for Hindu-Muslim unity through the Al-Hilal newspaper.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

Nationalism in India towards the end of the 19^th century:

• In the context of the Indian Nationalist Movement, Indian nationalism represented two major ideas: anti-imperialism and national unity.
• In other words, any person, movement or organisation that practised and upheld these two ideas, could be considered a nationalist.
• During the independence struggle of India, history was also reinterpreted to develop the feeling of nationalism.
• The British saw Indians as backward and primitive, incapable of governing themselves. Hence, option 2 is correct.
• In response, Indians began looking into the past to discover India’s great achievements.
• By the end of the nineteenth century many Indians began feeling that to instil a sense of pride in the nation, Indian history had to be thought about differently.
• They wrote about the glorious developments in ancient times when art and architecture, science and mathematics, religion and culture, law and philosophy, and crafts and trade flourished. Hence, option 3 is correct.
• The nationalist histories urged the readers to take pride in India’s great achievements in the past and struggle to change the miserable conditions of life under British rule. Hence, option 1 is correct.
• However, these attempts which aimed at solidarity had their own limitations.

The correct answer is 1 and 2 only.

Key Points

Non-Cooperation Movement:

• Two mass movements were organized in 1919-1922 to oppose British rule in India the Khilafat movement and the Non-Cooperation movement.
• The Non-Cooperation Movement was the beginning of the Gandhian Movement against the British.

People’s Response to the Movement:

• Students in thousands left schools and colleges established by the Government and joined the movement in large numbers. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• They initially led the movement but later showed a lot of reservations about Gandhi’s program.
• The economic boycott received support from the Indian business group because they had benefited from the nationalists’ emphasis on the use of swadeshi.
• There was massive participation by the peasants. However, it further led to the confrontation between the ‘lower and upper castes’.
• People from the middle classes led the movement at the beginning, but later they showed a lot of reservations about Gandhi’s program. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
• The movement gave an opportunity to the toiling masses to express their real feelings against the British as well as their Indian masters and oppressors.
• Women participated in large numbers, gave up purdah, and offered their ornaments for the Tilak Fund.
• The police resorted to firing which took the lives of a number of people.

Justice Party:

• The Justice Party, officially the South Indian Liberal Federation, was a political party in British India's Madras Presidency.
• Non-Cooperation Movement did not appeal to Justice Party, which sought to leverage continued British presence by participating in the new political system.
• It was at odds with Mahatma Gandhi, primarily due to his praise for Brahminism. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.

The correct answer is Baba Ram Chandra.

Key Points

Baba Ram Chandra:

• Baba Ramchandra fought against the injustices meted out by landlords in the 1920s and 1930s.
• As an indentured labourer, Baba Ramchandra had been to Fiji, an island nation in the Pacific.
• In India, the Non-Cooperation movement spread from cities to the countryside.
• The struggles of Tribals and Peasants were drawn into the fold of the Non-cooperation movement.
• Baba Ramchandra led the peasant movement in Awadh.
• The peasant movement demanded to socially boycott oppressive landlords, demanded to abolish begar, and demanded a reduction of revenue.
• In many places to deprive the services of even washermen and barbers to the landlords, the nai-dobi bandhs were organized by the Panchayats.
• In June 1920, Jawaharlal Nehru tried to understand the grievances of the villagers in Awadh by talking to them.
• As a result of this, a new sabha was set up headed by Baba Ramchandra, Jawaharlal Nehru, and others. This new sabha was known as the Oudh Kisan Sabha and it was set up in October 1920.
• In the region, within a month, more than 300 branches of the Sabha were set up.
• As the movement spread grain hoards were taken over, bazaars were looted, and merchants' and talukdar's houses were looted.

The correct answer is Mahatma Gandhi

Key PointsHarijan Sevak Sangh

• The All India Harijan Sevak Sangh is an independent national-level non-profit voluntary Organisation, also known as the All India Anti-Untouchability League
• It was founded on September 30, 1932, in the wake of Gandhiji’s Epic Fast at Yervada Jail, Pune, resulting in the historic Poona Pact
• The Sangh was established to combat untouchability and a new weekly paper, the Harijan, was started
• Since its inception, the organisation has helped the backward classes in many ways. The Sangh helped the depressed classes to access public places such as temples, schools, roads and water resources, also conducted inter dining and inter-caste marriages
• Harijan Sevak Sangh had constructed and still maintains several schools and hostels across the country.

Objective of Harijan Sevak Sangh

• The objective of Harijan Sevak Sangh was eradication, by truthful and nonviolent means, of untouchability in Hindu society with all its incidental evils and disabilities suffered by the so-called untouchables.

The correct answer is June 1948.

Key Points

• Attlee’s full name was (Clement Attlee) he was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. In February 1947 he announced 'The British Government will be granted full self-government to British India in June 1948.
• June 1948: Mr. Attley announces the transfer of powers to Indians in the house of commons, in June 1948. he makes the statement related to Indian policy. this statement is In the form of white paper.

Additional Information

• February 1947: British government thought about a plan and announced it on the 3^rd of June 1947, it includes some important principles:
• Division of British India should be accepted by the British Government. Successor governments should get superior status.

The correct answer is Shri krishna Singh 

Key Points

Swaraj Dal

• Swaraj Dal in Bihar was established by Sri Krishna King in 1923.
• Swaraj Dal, also known as Swaraj Party was a political party formed in India on 1 January 1923 after the Gaya annual conference in December 1922 of the National Congress.
• Sri Krishna Singh established a branch of the Swaraj Dal in Bihar.
• The Swaraj Dal was formed in India by Motilal Nehru and Chitranjan Das.
• Its first chairman was Narayan Prasad.
• The first secretary was Abdul Bari.