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The correct answer is The Treaty of Allahabad.

Key Points

The important outcome of the Battle of Buxar was the Treaty of Allahabad signed on 16 August 1765 between Lord Clive and Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, who had submitted to the British in the battle. As per this treaty:

• Mughal Emperor granted Fiscal Rights (Diwani) or right to administer the territory and collect taxes to the East India Company at Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
• Thus, the British became the masters of fate of the people of Bihar, Bengal and Orissa and now they would collect the revenue.
• In lieu of this Right, the Company gave an annual tribute of 26 Lakh Rupees to the Mughals
• The districts of Kora and Allahabad were returned to Mughal Emperor.
• Awadh was returned to Shuja-ud-Daulah but Allahabad and Kora was taken from him.
• The Nawab of Awadh paid 53 Lakhs rupees of war indemnity to the British.
• Thus Clive, in person settled the fate of almost half of the Northern India.
• The fiscal administration of Bengal, Behar, and Orissa and the territorial jurisdiction of the Northern Circars is called the Dual System of Government

The correct answer is ​1632.

Key Points

• Dutch East India Company also established their factory at Patna in 1632 which is now the place is known for Patna Collectorate.
• About Dutch East India Company:
• In March 1602, by a charter of the Dutch parliament, the Dutch East India Company was established with powers to make wars, settled treaties, acquire territories and build fortresses.
• The main purpose of the Dutch remained determined in eliminating the Portuguese and British merchandise powers from India and South East Asia.
• In India, they established the first factory in Masulipattanam in 1605, followed by Pulicat in 1610, Surat in 1616, Bimilipatam (1641), Karikal (1645), Chinsura (1653), Kasimbazar, Baranagore, Patna, Balasore, Negapatam and Cochin.
• The climax of the Dutch East India Company was in 1669 when it was the most prosperous private company of the world with 150 merchant ships, 40 warships and 50 thousand employees and an army of 10 thousand soldiers.
• In India, the most significant event was the Battle of Colachel in 1741, which was fought between the Dutch East India Company and State of Travancore army.
• This was a major defeat of European power in India and marked the beginning of the end of the Dutch.
• Due to the corruption and bankruptcy, the Dutch East India Company was formally dissolved in 1800.

The correct answer is ​Ahmedabad Strike.

Key Points

• Ahmedabad Mill Strike of 1918 is a strike by the workers in Ahmedabad's textile mills who fought for economic justice after the mill owners discontinued their plague bonuses.
• Ahmedabad Mill Strike is considered the first hunger strike led by Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi intervened in this dispute between Ahmedabad workers and millowners.
• To force a compromise, he embarked on a death-defying fast. Additionally, he supported the Gujarati peasants of Khaira in their fight against the collection of land revenue following the failure of their crops.
• At this time, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel quit his lucrative legal profession to support Gandhi.
• In the dispute between Ahmedabad Mill owners and workers, the mill owners desired to take the bonus.
• Workers demanded a 50% wage increase in order to cope with wartime inflation (which doubled the prices of food grains, cloth, and other necessities) brought on by Britain's involvement in World War I.
• The mill owners were only willing to offer a 20% wage increase. The employees went on strike.
• The mill owners' relations with the workers deteriorated, with the striking workers being arbitrarily dismissed and the mill owners deciding to bring in weavers from Bombay.
• The mill workers turned to Anusuya Sarabhai for assistance in their fight for justice.
• In March 1918, Gandhi intervened in a dispute between Ahmedabad cotton mill owners and workers over the cessation of the plague bonus.

The correct answer is Shri Krishna Singh.

Key Points

• Sri Krishna Singh was the first Chief Minister of Bihar.
• He is also known as Sri Babu and Bihar Kesari.
• He participated in the quit India Movement.
• He served as the first Chief Minister of Bihar from 1946 to 1961.
• He with Dr. Rajendra Prasad (First President of India) and Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha, is respected as one of the best architects of modern Bihar.
• He also served as the Finance Minister of Bihar (1957-1961) while dispensing his duties as the Chief Minister.

Important Points 

• Krishna Singh is credited to be the first Chief Minister in India to have ended the 'Zamindari' system.
• He was a Gandhian freedom fighter.

The correct answer is Instituted the Champaran Agrarian Committee.

Key Points Champaran Movement:

• The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first Satyagraha movement led by Gandhi in India and is considered a historically important revolt in the Indian Independence Movement.
• It was a farmer’s uprising that took place in Champaran district of Bihar, India, during the British colonial period.
• Indigo cultivation in Champaran goes back to the late 18^th century. By 1850, indigo had become the predominantly produced crop in Champaran.
• The predominant system of Indigo cultivation in Champaran was the tinkathia system.
• In this, the Ryot was under an obligation to cultivate three kathas per beegha of his land with indigo, i.e., 3/20^th of his landholding.
• There were no legal grounds for this.
• Hence, there was a general discontent among the ryots around indigo cultivation in Bihar.
• The core reason for this was the low remuneration they received for the crop.
• They also suffered harassment and oppression at the hands of factory servants.
• All this resulted in demonstrations against indigo cultivation in Champaran twice: first in 1867 and again in 1907–08.
• After the arrival of Gandhi in Champaran district, the British imposed an order under Section 144, and when Gandhi refused, he was charged under Section 188 of the Indian Penal Code and summoned for a trial on 18^th April 1917.
• In meantime, the Lieutenant Governor intervened and on the grounds of insufficient evidence against Gandhi and the doubtful legality of invoking Section 144 against him, ordered the local administration to withdraw the case.
• Moreover, he also gave Gandhi permission to conduct the inquiry.
• Thus, the ideals of civil disobedience and Satyagraha, which later became characteristic features of the Indian National Movement, began in Champaran.
• Later, the Lieutenant Governor in Council decided to appoint a Committee of Inquiry to examine and report on the agrarian conditions in Champaran. Gandhiji was appointed as one of its members.
• The Committee submitted its report on 4^th October 1917 and made the following recommendations:
• The tinkathia system should be abolished.

The correct answer is a - 2, b - 1, c - 3.

Key Points 

Servants of India Society:

• 'Servants of India Society was founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905.
• Servants of India Society was established with an aim to unite and train Indians of different ethnicities and religions in welfare work.
• The headquarters of the Servants of India Society is located in Pune (Poona).
• It has branches in Chennai, Mumbai, Allahabad, Nagpur, and other places also.
• He was popularly known as the Socrates of Maharashtra.
• Gopal Krishna Gokhale is the political guru of Mahatma Gandhi.
• M.G Ranade is the political guru of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
• Bala Gangadhara Tilak called Gopala Krishna Ghokale as 'diamond of India'.

Tattwabodhini Sabha:

• The Tattwabodhini Sabha was established by Debendranath Tagore in 1839.
• On October 6, 1839, Debendranath established Tattvaranjini Sabha, which was renamed 'Tattwabodhini Sabha'.
• The objective of Sabha was to push a rational and humanist kind of Hinduism based on Vedanta and the Upanishads.
• The Tattwabodhini Sabha was a gaggle that started in Calcutta.
• It is a faction group of Brahmo Samaj, reformers of Hinduism and Indian society.
• Debendranath Tagore referred to the text as "Brahmo Dharma."​ Debendranath Tagore.

Atmiya Sabha:

• In 1814, Raja Ram Mohan Roy formed the Atmiya Sabha.
• It was a philosophical discussion circle.
• The main objective of the Sabha was to conduct discussion and debate sessions on monotheistic Hindu Vedantism.
• It was formed to initiate social and religious reforms in society.

The correct answer is Karnataka.

Key Points

**Ambabai:**​

• Amba Bai was born in the year 1889 into an orthodox Brahmin family in the erstwhile Mysore State (now in Karnataka).
• She was widowed at the age of 24 and had three children. Shri Sreenivasa Rao, Amba Bai’s husband, served in the police force. He was a wrestler and a champion swimmer. He died suddenly in 1913, caught in a whirlpool while swimming in Kempambudi Lake.
• Amba Bai was fondly known as Ambi.
• She participated in the freedom struggle, got arrested several times, and served a rigorous sentence. On many occasions, she gave powerful speeches, taught spinning, and defied the conservative nature of society.
• She educated herself through college, became economically independent, and went on to become the principal of the Vani Vilas Girls School in Bangalore.
• Nothing short of a saga of grit and determination, Amba Bai’s story serves as an inspiration to women who face oppression even in today’s world.
• In her determination to break away from the shackles of social customs, which heaped upon a widow the most inhuman treatment, Amba Bai had the support of her enlightened father, Shri C. Krishna Rao, fondly called Rayaru, and his colleagues. With the support of family encouragement, Amba Bai managed to step into a world where no widow had dared to tread.
• Amba Bai died in 1971 at the age of 82 years, leaving behind a legacy of love, courage, and strong values.

The correct answer is J. Andrew.

Key Points Cabinet Mission:

• The Cabinet Mission was a high-powered mission sent to India by the Atlee government in February 1946.
• Three British cabinet members served on the mission (Pethick Lawrence, Secretary of State for India; Stafford Cripps, President of the Board of Trade; and A.V. Alexander, First Lord of the Admiralty) to find ways and means for a negotiated, peaceful transfer of power to India. Hence, J. Andrew is not the member of the Cabinet Mission.
• On March 24, 1946, the Cabinet Mission arrived in Delhi. It held lengthy discussions with Indian leaders from all parties and groups on the issues of:
• interim government; and
• principles and procedures for drafting a new constitution that would grant India independence.​

Additional InformationProposal for Cabinet Mission:

• ​Rejection of the demand for a full-fledged Pakistan because:
• such a formation of Pakistan would include a large non-Muslim population—38% in the North-West and 48% in the North-East;
• The very principle of communal self-determination would demand the separation of Hindu-majority western Bengal and Sikh- and Hindu-dominated Ambala and Jalandhar divisions of Punjab.
• deep-rooted regional ties would be jeopardised if Bengal and Punjab were partitioned;
• partition would cause economic and administrative problems, such as the problem of communication between Pakistan's western and eastern regions; and
• The division of the armed forces would be dangerous.
• The provinces would be divided into three sections or groups:
• Group A includes Madras, the Central Provinces, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Bombay, and Orissa.
• Group B consists of Punjab, Sindh, the NWFP, and Baluchistan.
• Group C consists of Bengal and Assam.
• At the provincial, section, and union levels, there is a three-tiered executive and legislature.
• Provincial assemblies were to elect a constituent assembly through proportional representation (voting in three groups: generals, Muslims, and Sikhs).
• This constituent assembly would consist of 389 members, with provincial assemblies sending 292, chief commissioner's provinces sending 4, and princely states sending 93.
• Members of groups A, B, and C were to sit separately in the constituent assembly to decide the constitution for provinces and, if possible, groups as well.
• The entire constituent assembly (all three sections A, B, and C combined) would then convene to draft the union constitution.
• A centralised command would be in charge of defence, communication, and external affairs. India was to have a federal structure.
• In the central legislature, communal questions were to be decided by a simple majority of both communities present and voting.
• Provinces were to have full autonomy and residual powers, and princely states would no longer be subject to the British government's supremacy. They would be free to enter into an arrangement with successor governments or the British government.
• After the first general elections, a province would be free to leave a group, and after 10 years, a province would be free to call for a reconsideration of the group or the union constitution.
• Meanwhile, the constituent assembly was to form an interim government.

The correct answer is ​Lala Lajpat Rai.

Key Points

• The Safety valve theory was established by extremist elements in India, such as Lala Lajpat Rai.
• 'Unhappy India' and 'Punjabi' are two books written by Lala Lajpat Rai. He explained and criticized the British policy regarding the establishment of the INC in these two books.
• According to him, the Indian National Congress (INC) was founded as a result of a plot hatched by Lord Dufferin and A.O. Hume.

Additional Information Safety Valve Theory:

• Hume's involvement sparked a slew of conspiracy theories about the origins of Congress.
• W. C. Banerjee's claim that Hume was acting on behalf of Lord Dufferin sparked controversy.
• According to P. Dutt, the Congress was formed under the supervision of a British viceroy to act as a safety valve against popular discontent.
• This theory arose from William Wedderburn's biography of Hume, which was published in 1913.
• In 1878, Hume discovered seven volumes of secret reports revealing discontent among the lower classes and a conspiracy to overthrow British rule.
• He met Lord Dufferin, and they decided to form an organisation of educated Indians that would act as a safety valve by allowing communication between rulers and the ruled, thereby preventing mass revolution.
• The imperialist historians dismissed Congress as a British creation.
• It was used by Marxist historians to construct a conspiracy theory.​
• According to the theory, Hume founded the Congress in the hope that it would serve as a "safety valve" for the Indians' growing discontent. To that end, he persuaded Lord Dufferin not to obstruct the formation of the Congress.
• They desired to provide a forum for people to discuss their political issues. As a result, the INC would function as a buffer organisation or as a safety valve.

Lala Lajpat Rai:

• Lala Lajpat Rai (28 January 1865 – 17 November 1928) was a freedom fighter, author, and politician from India. He was a key figure in the Indian independence movement.
• He was commonly referred to as Punjab Kesari. He was one of the Lal Bal Pal triumvirate's three members.
• He died a few weeks after being severely injured during a police baton charge while leading a peaceful protest march against the all-British Simon Commission, a commission established by the United Kingdom to reform Indian constitutional law.
• Lala Lajpat Rai was deported to Mandalay after joining the Indian National Congress and participating in political agitation in Punjab, but there was insufficient evidence to charge him with subversion.
• Lajpat Rai's supporters attempted unsuccessfully to elect him to the presidency of the party in Surat in December 1907.
• In the Calcutta Special Session of 1920, he was elected President of the Indian National Congress. He established the Servants of the People Society, a non-profit welfare organisation, in 1921.
• **'Unhappy India' and 'Punjabi' are two books written by Lala Lajpat Rai. In these two books, he explained and criticised British policy regarding the formation of the Indian National Congress.**​

The correct answer is ​Karachi Session—1931.

Key Points Karachi Session of Congress 1931:

• The Gandhi Irwin Pact was endorsed by the Congress in the Karachi Session of 1931, that was held from March 26-31.
• Gandhi was nominated to represent Congress in the Second Round Table Conference. Just a week back, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru had been executed. So, there was anger in the public whose point was that why Gandhi did accept to sign the pact.
• The Karachi session was presided by Sardar Patel. The congress adopted a resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy which represented the Party’s Social, Economic and Political programme.
• It was later known as Karachi Resolution**. Nehru had originally drafted it, but some Congress leaders thought it was too radical and it was redrafted.**
• Some important aspects of these resolutions were:
• Basic civil rights of freedom of speech, Freedom of Press, Freedom of assembly, Freedom of association,
• Equality before law
• Elections on the basis of Universal Adult Franchise
• Free and compulsory primary education.
• Substantial reduction in rent and taxes
• Better conditions for workers including a living wage, limited hours of work.
• Protection of women and peasants
• Government ownership or control of key industries, mines, and transport.
• Protection of Minorities.