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The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• Bihar introduced its first Green Budget in the fiscal year 2020-21, presenting it to the legislative assembly on March 15, 2020. Hence, option 1 is correct.
• Key Highlights:
• Pioneering Initiative: Bihar was the first state in India to table a separate and comprehensive Green Budget, aiming to integrate environmental considerations into its fiscal planning.
• Objective: The Green Budget focuses on allocating funds for environmental conservation measures, restoration of degraded ecological systems, and promotion of sustainable development within the state.
• Subsequent Budgets: Since its inception, Bihar has continued to present Green Budgets annually, with the latest being for the fiscal year 2024-25.
• This initiative underscores Bihar's commitment to addressing environmental challenges and promoting sustainable development through dedicated fiscal measures.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• In July 2024, Manvi Madhu Kashyap made history by becoming Bihar's first transgender Sub-Inspector of Police. Hence, option 4 is correct.
• Background:
• Hometown: Manvi hails from a small village in Banka district, Bihar.
• Challenges: She faced significant societal discrimination due to her transgender identity, including rejection from multiple coaching centers in Patna, which denied her admission on the grounds that her presence would "disturb the atmosphere."

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• Zaid crops are short-season crops grown in the summer months between the Rabi and Kharif seasons, typically from March to June.
• Key Features of Zaid Crops:
• Season:
• Grown during the hot and dry summer season when irrigation facilities are available.
• Duration:
• These crops have a short growing period of 60-90 days.
• Examples of Zaid Crops:
• Watermelon
• Muskmelon
• Cucumber
• Bitter gourd
• Pumpkin
• Fodder crops
• Sugarcane (grown as a perennial but sometimes considered in the Zaid period). Hence, option 3 is correct.
• Kharif Crops:
• Season: Sown at the beginning of the monsoon (June-July) and harvested in September-October.
• Water Dependency: Depend heavily on monsoon rains for irrigation.
• Examples:
• Cereals: Rice, maize, millet (bajra, jowar)
• Pulses: Moong, urad, arhar (pigeon pea)
• Oilseeds: Groundnut, soybean, sunflower
• Commercial Crops: Cotton, sugarcane, jute
• Regions: Widely grown in rain-fed areas of India.
• Rabi Crops:
• Season: Sown at the beginning of winter (October-November) and harvested in March-April.
• Water Dependency: Require irrigation due to minimal rainfall in winter.
• Examples:
• Cereals: Wheat, barley, oats
• Pulses: Gram, lentils (masoor)
• Oilseeds: Mustard, linseed
• Vegetables: Peas, potato
• Regions: Grown in areas with irrigation facilities or residual moisture from the monsoon.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• Shreyasi Singh, a distinguished Indian shooter and politician, represents the Jamui constituency in the Bihar Legislative Assembly. Hence, option 3 is correct.
• In the 2020 Bihar Assembly Elections, she contested as a candidate from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and secured a significant victory, defeating her opponent by over 41,000 votes.
• In addition to her political career, Shreyasi Singh has an impressive record in shooting sports.
• She won a gold medal in the women's double trap event at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, Australia, and a silver medal at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland.
• Her dual roles as a legislator and an athlete exemplify her dedication to public service and sportsmanship.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The chief economic foundation of the triangular commerce between India, China, and England during the colonial period was the opium trade. Hence, option 2 is correct.
• Explanation:
• India:
• Under British colonial rule, opium was cultivated in India, particularly in regions like Bengal and Bihar, under strict supervision of the British East India Company.
• The opium was exported to China in exchange for tea, silk, and other goods.
• China:
• The British sold Indian opium in China to balance their trade deficit. The opium trade caused widespread addiction in China and significant economic disruption, leading to resentment and ultimately the Opium Wars.
• England:
• England used the tea, silk, and other goods imported from China to meet the growing demand in Europe. The profits from this trade helped finance British colonial administration and expansion.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The full form of PCRA is the Petroleum Conservation Research Association. Hence, option 3 is correct.
• PCRA:
• It is a government organization under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India.
• Established in 1978.
• Objective:
• To promote energy efficiency and conservation in various sectors like transportation, industry, agriculture, and domestic use.
• It aims to reduce dependence on oil imports and conserve petroleum resources.
• Activities:
• Conducting awareness campaigns.
• Offering technical support for energy audits.
• Promoting research and innovation for energy-saving solutions.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• In October 1943, Subhash Chandra Bose set up the Provisional Government of Free India (Azad Hind Government) in Singapore, and it was recognized by nine countries, including Japan. Hence, option 4 is correct.
• Provisional Government Formation:
• It was established on 21^st October 1943 under the leadership of Subhash Chandra Bose.
• Countries that Recognized Azad Hind Government:
• Japan
• Germany
• Italy
• Burma (Myanmar)
• Thailand
• Philippines
• Manchukuo (Japanese puppet state in China)
• Croatia (a Nazi-allied state)
• Wang Jingwei regime (Japanese-backed government in China)
• Significance:
• The Azad Hind Government was a symbolic yet powerful attempt to declare India’s independence from British rule.
• Bose’s leadership inspired the Indian National Army (INA) to fight alongside Axis powers during World War II.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• The title of the film by Payal Kapadia, for which she became the first Indian filmmaker to win the Grand Prix Award at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2024, is "All We Imagine as Light". Hence, option 1 is correct.
• This film marked a significant milestone as the first Indian entry in the main competition at Cannes in 30 years.
• "All We Imagine as Light" is a drama that delves into the lives of three women in Mumbai, exploring themes of sisterhood and resilience.
• The film was an international co-production involving companies from France, India, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Italy, and was shot in Malayalam, Hindi, and Marathi languages.
• The cast includes Kani Kusruti, Divya Prabha, Chhaya Kadam, and Hridhu Haroon.
• The Grand Prix is the second-most prestigious prize at the Cannes Film Festival, following the Palme d'Or.
• Kapadia's achievement has been hailed as a monumental moment for Indian cinema, demonstrating that Indian stories have universal appeal.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine, receives bile from the liver. Hence, option 3 is correct.

How it Happens:

• Bile Production:
• Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
• Release of Bile:
• When food (especially fats) enters the duodenum, bile is released from the gallbladder through the common bile duct.
• Role of Bile:
• Bile contains bile salts, which help in the emulsification of fats, breaking them into smaller droplets for easier digestion by lipase enzymes.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• The Indian National Flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 22^nd July 1947. Hence, option 4 is correct.
• Historical Context:
• The decision to adopt the flag came just a few weeks before India attained independence on 15^th August 1947.
• Design:
• The flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya and consisted of three horizontal stripes:
• Saffron at the top (representing courage and sacrifice).
• White in the middle with the Ashoka Chakra (representing peace and truth).
• Green at the bottom (representing growth and fertility).
• The Ashoka Chakra, a 24-spoke wheel in navy blue, symbolizes progress and righteousness.