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The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• Rohtas district in Bihar is known for its significant wheat production, and it is one of the top producers of wheat in the state. Hence, option 3 is correct.
• The climate and soil conditions in Rohtas, along with irrigation facilities, contribute to its high wheat yield.
• While other districts like Patna and Bhojpur also produce wheat, Rohtas stands out for its larger contribution to the state's wheat production.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• S. Somnath Before becoming the Chairman of ISRO, S. Somnath was the Director of the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) in Thiruvananthapuram. Hence, option 3 is correct
• He is known for his contributions to the development of launch vehicles, particularly the GSLV Mk III (the heavy-lift vehicle that played a crucial role in the Chandrayaan-2 mission).
• **Somnath'**s leadership is focused on continuing ISRO's expansion and technological advancements, including the Gaganyaan mission, which aims to send Indian astronauts to space.

Important Points

• Dr. V. Narayanan, Distinguished Scientist (Apex Grade), assumed the charge of Secretary, Department of Space, Chairman, Space Commission and Chairman**, ISRO on the afternoon of 13^th January, 2025.**

The correct answer is option c

Key Points

• The correct expanded form of UPI is Unified Payment Interface. Hence option 3 is correct
• UPI integrates different banks, payment systems, and apps into a single interface to facilitate seamless, real-time, and secure money transfers.
• This system has revolutionized the payment landscape in India by making transactions simpler, faster, and more accessible for users.

 Additional Information

• Unified Payment Interface
• Unified
• Refers to the integration of multiple banking services, apps, and institutions on a single platform.
• Payment
• Refers to the transaction of funds between parties.
• Interface
• indicates the medium or platform through which users interact to make payments.
• UPI allows users to transfer money seamlessly between different bank accounts, as well as pay for services through a single interface, which integrates with multiple banks and financial institutions.
• Developed by National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), UPI allows users to make real-time transactions across devices with a simple mobile number or UPI ID, without the need for bank account details to be shared each time.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• Doctrine of Lapse:
• Introduced by Lord Dalhousie (Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856).
• Stated that if an Indian ruler died without a natural heir, the kingdom would be annexed by the British.
• It was used extensively to expand British territories in India.
• Analysis of the Given Options:
• Nagpur (Annexed in 1853):
• The ruler Raghuji III of Nagpur died without a male heir.
• British annexed Nagpur under Doctrine of Lapse in 1853.
• Sambhalpur (Annexed in 1849):
• Ruler Narayan Singh died without a male successor.
• Annexed in 1849 under Doctrine of Lapse.
• Satara (Annexed in 1848):
• Appa Sahib, the last ruler, died without a biological son.
• Annexed in 1848, becoming the first major kingdom annexed under this doctrine.
• Jaipur (Not Annexed under Doctrine of Lapse):
• Jaipur was a princely state in Rajasthan.
• It had a ruling dynasty and a successor, so it was not annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse.
• Jaipur remained a princely state under British paramountcy until India’s independence in 1947. Hence, option 2 is correct.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• When an electron of mass M and charge e travels through a potential difference V, its energy is given by the work done on the charge by the electric field. The work done on the charge is converted entirely into the kinetic energy of the electron (neglecting any other losses). Hence, option 1 is correct.
• Key Formula:
• The work done on the electron is:
• Energy (Work done)=q⋅V
• Here:
• q=e (charge of the electron in coulombs),
• V is the potential difference in volts.
• Energy=e⋅Vjoules.
• Detailed Explanation:
• Start Condition:
• The electron starts from rest, so its initial kinetic energy = 0.
• Potential Energy Conversion:
• As it travels through a potential difference  V, its potential energy gets converted into kinetic energy.
• Final Energy:
• The final energy of the electron is eV, which is measured in joules.
• Mass M: The mass of the electron does not directly affect the calculation of energy in this case, as energy depends only on the charge (e) and potential difference (V).

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

• Constitutional Provision:
• Article 253 of the Indian Constitution states that Parliament has the power to make laws for the whole or any part of India for implementing international treaties, agreements, or conventions, without the consent of any State. Hence, option 4 is correct.
• This power overrides the State List, allowing Parliament to legislate on subjects that are normally under state jurisdiction if it is required to fulfill an international obligation.
• Key Points:
• Parliament’s Power: Even if a subject falls under the State List, Parliament can legislate on it if it is necessary to implement an international treaty.
• No State Consent Required: The Centre does not need approval from any State or majority of States to pass such laws.
• Example:
• The Environment Protection Act, 1986 was enacted by Parliament using Article 253 to implement decisions taken at the Stockholm Conference (1972).

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army - INA):
• The Indian National Army (INA) was originally formed in 1942 by General Mohan Singh with the help of Japanese forces during World War II.
• Later, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose reorganized it in 1943 and led it under the Azad Hind Government.
• The INA aimed to free India from British rule through armed struggle.
• Analysis of the Options:
• S. A. Dange (Not associated with INA):
• Shripad Amrit Dange (S. A. Dange) was a prominent communist leader in India.
• He was one of the founders of the Communist Party of India (CPI) and worked for labor rights and socialism.
• He had no direct association with INA or the military struggle for independence. Hence, option 1 is correct.
• Prem Singh Sehgal (Associated with INA):
• Colonel Prem Singh Sehgal was an officer in the Indian National Army.
• He was a key figure in the Red Fort Trials (INA Trials) along with Shahnawaz Khan and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon.
• Shahnawaz Khan (Associated with INA):
• Major General Shahnawaz Khan was a top officer in the INA.
• He played a crucial role in INA operations and was tried in the Red Fort Trials after World War II.
• General Mohan Singh (Associated with INA):
• General Mohan Singh was the founder of the INA in 1942.
• He was instrumental in recruiting Indian prisoners of war (POWs) from the British Indian Army and forming the INA with Japanese support.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• The Nobel Peace Prize for 2023 was awarded to Narges Mohammadi, an Iranian human rights activist, for her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her efforts to promote human rights and freedom for all. Hence, option 3 is correct.
• Analysis of the Options:
• Abiy Ahmed: Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2019 for initiating peace talks with neighboring Eritrea.
• Nadia Murad: Co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2018 for her efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war.
• Narges Mohammadi: Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2023 for her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all.
• Maria Ressa: Co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2021 for her efforts to safeguard freedom of expression.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• While the Kashmir Valley has a tectonic origin, it has been significantly shaped by erosional processes, making it an erosional valley as well.
• Formation of Kashmir Valley:
• Tectonic Uplift:
• The valley was initially formed due to tectonic movements during the collision of the Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate.
• Glacial and River Erosion:
• Over millions of years, the glaciers and rivers (especially the Jhelum River) played a major role in eroding and deepening the valley.
• During the Ice Age, glaciers covered the valley, carving out the landscape and leaving behind U-shaped valleys and moraines.
• Sedimentary Deposits and Lake Formation:
• The valley was once a huge lake, known as the Karewa Basin, which later drained due to river erosion.
• Present-Day Features:
• The valley continues to be shaped by erosional forces, making it an erosional valley in its present form. Hence, option 3 is correct.

The Correct answer is Option 4. 

Key Points

Here you can Understand through Given Diagram