Search Previous Year Questions

The correct answer is option 1.

Key PointsCapability Poverty Measure (CPM):

• Introduced in the 1996 Human Development Report by UNDP.
• Designed to capture capability poverty — deprivations in basic human capabilities.
• Focuses on three main indicators:
• Child malnutrition (proxy for health & nourishment).
• Proportion of births unattended by trained health personnel (maternal health).
• Female illiteracy (deprivation in knowledge).

Additional Information

• Child malnutrition as proxy for health and nourishment → ✔️ Correct.
• Female illiteracy as deprivation in education → ✔️ Correct.
• Male illiteracy as key indicator → ❌ Incorrect. Only female illiteracy is considered.
• Lack of access to clean drinking water → ❌ Incorrect. Not part of CPM (though it is in other poverty measures).

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• According to the Ministry of Commerce (DGCI&S) trade data for April–September 2024-25, India’s top 10 principal export commodities included:
• Petroleum Products
• Gems & Jewellery
• Drugs & Pharmaceuticals
• Engineering Goods
• Iron & Steel
• Organic & Inorganic Chemicals
• RMG of Textiles
• Electronic Goods
• Marine Products
• Rice (non-Basmati)
• Basmati Rice, while a major agri-export, was not among the top ten commodities in that period.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key PointsIndia State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2023:

• 1) “The total forest and tree cover of the country is 15% of the geographical area of the country.”
• ❌ Incorrect.
• According to ISFR 2023, forest and tree cover together = 24.62% of India’s geographical area (not 15%).
• 2) “Top three states having largest recorded forest area (RFA) are Jharkhand, Andaman & Nicobar and Manipur.”
• ❌ Incorrect.
• Largest RFA (Recorded Forest Area) is in Madhya Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh.
• 3) “The maximum tree cover has been found in the State of Maharashtra followed by Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.”
• ✔️ Correct.
• ISFR 2023 shows Maharashtra has the maximum tree cover, followed by Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• In 2023, India accounted for about 4.6% of global services exports (seventh largest exporter)
• Ireland, known for its large share in services exports (especially software, financial, tech), had a greater share than India in 2023.
• Russia and Indonesia do not have a higher share than India in global services exports in that year (their services sectors are smaller in global scale).
• So, among the options given, only Ireland surpasses India in global services export share in 2023.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

About U-WIN:

• The U-WIN portal is being rolled out under the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP).
• It is designed to be India’s digital backbone for immunization, similar to CoWIN but for all vaccines (not just COVID).
• Features include:
• Digital registration of pregnant women and newborns.
• Digital record-keeping of all immunizations.
• QR-based e-vaccination certificates for every child.
• Integration with the Ayushman Bharat Digital Health Mission → enabling creation of ABHA IDs for parents and children.
• Multilingual access → available in 11 regional languages for wider coverage.

Additional Information

• Evaluate the statements:
• It provides QR-based e-vaccination certificates → ✔️ Correct.
• It facilitates creation of Ayushman Bharat Health Accounts (ABHA) → ✔️ Correct.
• The portal is accessible in 11 regional languages → ✔️ Correct.
• None of the above → ✔️ Correct, because all 1, 2, and 3 are true, so “None of the above are incorrect.”

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• The National Urban Innovation Stack (NUIS) Digital Blueprint was developed by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) in partnership with the National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA)
• NUIS is a digital public good framework aimed at supporting India’s urban governance and innovation ecosystem.
• It provides APIs, standards, and protocols for urban local bodies, startups, and civic tech companies to build scalable digital solutions.
• MoHUA + NIUA worked together to design and release the NUIS digital blueprint.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• The state with the highest constructed road length under Bharatmala Pariyojana as of 31 October 2024 is Rajasthan.

Additional Information

Bharatmala Pariyojana – Overview

• Launched by: Government of India, Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (MoRTH).
• Cabinet Approval: October 2017.
• Objective: To optimize the efficiency of freight and passenger movement across the country by developing a robust road network.
• Scope: Development of ~83,677 km of highways in phases.
• Implementation Period: 2017–18 to 2024–25 (Phase I ongoing).
• Key Features
• Phase I Target:
• Total 34,800 km of highways.
• Estimated cost: ₹5.35 lakh crore.
• Focus on economic corridors, border roads, coastal roads, expressways, and inter-corridor routes.
• Corridor Development:
• Emphasis on corridor-based development rather than isolated projects.
• 26,000 km of economic corridors identified.
• Connectivity Focus:
• Border & international connectivity roads.
• Port connectivity (linking major ports to hinterlands).
• Greenfield expressways for faster transit.
• Improving last-mile connectivity to underdeveloped areas.
• Funding Sources:
• Budgetary allocations.
• Toll-Operate-Transfer (TOT) model.
• Market borrowings, asset monetization, and private investment through PPP.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• The Kisan Rin Portal (KRP) was launched in September 2023 to digitize and streamline Interest Subvention Scheme (ISS) and Prompt Repayment Incentive (PRI) claims.
• Before KRP, the process of settlement of claims was manual and routed through financial institutions.
• Where were manual claims submitted earlier?
• As per official releases, banks submitted manual claims to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and NABARD (depending on whether they were scheduled commercial banks or cooperative banks/RRBs).
• This often caused delays, duplication, and lack of transparency, which KRP now resolves.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• “Increased to around USD 640 billion as of end December 2024”
• ✅ This is true. According to the Economic Survey, India’s foreign exchange reserves stood at USD 640.3 billion as of end-December 2024.
• “Are seventh largest in the world”
• ❌ This is not correct; India’s forex reserves are fourth largest globally (after China, Japan, and Switzerland) as reported.
• “Decreased caused by a BoP deficit of around USD 24 billion in 2024”
• ❌ There is no clear confirmation that a BoP (Balance of Payments) deficit of USD 24 billion was the cause, and data indicates reserves increased overall in FY24 by USD 68 billion.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key PointsNFHS-5 based MPI data (2019-20/21, NITI Aayog report 2023):

• States with <6% population as multidimensionally poor
• Jammu & Kashmir → 2.81%
• Himachal Pradesh → 3.88%
• Kerala → 4.80%
• So, all three indeed fall under the <6% MPI poverty category.