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The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• Dadabhai Naoroji, often referred to as the Grand Old Man of India, published the book "Poverty and Un-British Rule in India" in 1901. Hence option 1 is the correct answer.
• The book highlighted the economic exploitation of India under British rule, particularly focusing on the drain of wealth theory.
• He argued that British policies were causing widespread poverty in India, with Indian wealth being drained to Britain.

Additional Information

• S. N. Banerjee: Known for his contributions to Indian nationalism and his book "A Nation in Making"
• R. C. Dutt: Authored works such as "The Economic History of India"
• Phirozshah Mehta: A prominent Indian nationalist leader and politician.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

• The sour taste of vinegar is due to the presence of Acetic Acid (CH₃COOH), which is not listed among the options. Hence option 4 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Tartaric acid: Found in tamarind and grapes.
• Lactic acid: Found in sour milk and curd.
• Citric acid: Found in citrus fruits like lemons and oranges.

The correct answer is option 1. 

Key Points

• China hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing. Beijing became the first city in the world to host both the Summer Olympics (2008) and the Winter Olympics (2022). Hence option 1 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• The 2022 Winter Olympics were the 24^th edition of the Winter Olympic Games.
• The games were held in Beijing and the surrounding areas.
• The opening ceremony was held at the Beijing National Stadium, also known as the Bird's Nest.
• The games featured seven sports, 15 disciplines, and 109 medal events.
• Norway won the most medals, with 37 medals, including 16 golds.
• The games were marked by diplomatic boycotts from some countries due to human rights concerns.

The correct answer is option 1. 

Key Points

• The Speaker of the Lok Sabha does not usually vote during debates or decisions in the House.
• However, in the case of a tie during voting, the Speaker exercises a casting vote to break the tie, ensuring that the House arrives at a decision. Hence option 1 is correct.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• The Pacaraima Mountains in South America are among the oldest geological formations on Earth, with some of their tepuis estimated to be over 2 billion years old.
• The Guiana Highlands in Venezuela, which are part of the Pacaraima Mountains, are also considered to be one of the oldest geological regions on Earth. Hence option 1 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Pacaraima Mountains
• The Pacaraima Mountains are a sedimentary plateau that run between Venezuela, Brazil, and Guyana. The highest peak in the range is Mount Roraima, which is made of sandstone that formed about 1.7 to 2 billion years ago.
• Andes Mountains
• The Andes Mountains were formed over 50 million years ago when the South American and Pacific tectonic plates collided. The Andes are the world's longest continental mountain range, spanning seven South American countries.
• The Brazil Mountains, commonly referred to as the Brazilian Highlands, are located in the eastern, southern, and central parts of Brazil.

The correct answer is option 2. 

Key Points In 2024, the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, was conferred upon five distinguished individuals:

1. Karpoori Thakur (Posthumous): A prominent socialist leader and former Chief Minister of Bihar, recognized for his dedication to social justice and the upliftment of marginalized communities.
2. Lal Krishna Advani: A veteran politician, co-founder of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and former Deputy Prime Minister, honored for his significant contributions to Indian politics.
3. Pamulaparthi Venkata (P.V.) Narasimha Rao (Posthumous): The 9^th Prime Minister of India, acknowledged for initiating economic liberalization and transformative reforms in the early 1990s.
4. Chaudhary Charan Singh (Posthumous): Former Prime Minister and a stalwart advocate for farmers' rights, recognized for his efforts in agrarian reforms and championing the cause of the agricultural community.
5. Mankombu Sambasivan (M.S.) Swaminathan (Posthumous): Renowned agricultural scientist, often referred to as the 'Father of the Green Revolution in India,' honored for his pioneering work in improving agricultural productivity and ensuring food security. Hence option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is option 2. 

Key PointsElectoral College for Presidential Election:

• The electoral college for the President of India consists of:
• Elected members of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
• Elected members of State Legislative Assemblies.
• Elected members of Legislative Assemblies of Union Territories (Delhi and Puducherry).

The impeachment process involves both Houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha). 

Hence the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

• The Champaran Satyagraha (1917) was led by Mahatma Gandhi and marked his first significant involvement in India's freedom struggle. Hence option 4 is the correct answer.
• It was a movement against the exploitation of farmers in Champaran, Bihar, where they were forced to grow indigo under the oppressive Tinkathia system imposed by British planters.
• Gandhi used the principles of Satyagraha (non-violent resistance) to successfully resolve the grievances of the farmers.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• Buds are of two main types based on their location:
• Apical Buds: Found at the tip of branches; responsible for the vertical growth of the plant.
• Axillary Buds: Found at the base of leaves; responsible for the development of branches or flowers.
• Hence option 1 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• The Ishihara test is a diagnostic tool used to detect color blindness, specifically red-green color deficiencies. Hence option 3 is the correct answer.
• It consists of plates with colored dots that form numbers or patterns, which are visible only to individuals without color vision deficiency.

Additional Information

• Bone density: Assessed using tools like a DEXA scan.
• IQ: Measured using intelligence tests like the Stanford-Binet or Wechsler scales etc.
• Haemoglobin level: Measured through blood tests.