Search Previous Year Questions

The Correct answer is Option 1. 

Key Points

• Lunar Trailblazer carries instruments designed to identify and map water/H₂O and OH across sunlit regions and relate it to surface temperature, producing high-resolution water maps. Hence the Correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information

• Mission type: Small lunar orbiter with targeted, high-resolution mapping rather than global low-res surveys.
• Key instruments: a reflectance spectrometer (for H₂O/OH and minerals) and a thermal imager (for surface temperature/thermal context).
• Why it matters: Helps locate stable water deposits, understand daily/seasonal migration, and identify resource-relevant sites for future missions (ISRU).
• Science links: Builds on findings from Chandrayaan-1 M³, LRO, etc., by providing finer spatial resolution and coordinated water–temperature measurements.

The Correct answer is Option 3. 

Key Points

• Afrikaners are a white ethnic group in South Africa, historically descended mainly from Dutch, German, and French Huguenot settlers; they are native speakers of Afrikaans. Hence, a white minority community in South Africa. Hence the Correct answer is Option 3.

Additional Information

• **Language: Afrikaans—**a West Germanic language evolved from 17^th-century Dutch; one of South Africa’s official languages.
• Also called: Boers (historically, especially farmer-settlers); broader term today is Afrikaners.
• Demography: A minority alongside English-speaking whites; distinct from Black African, Coloured, and Indian/Asian communities in SA’s classification history.
• History notes: Key roles in Great Trek (1830s–40s), formation of Transvaal and Orange Free State, and later South African War (Anglo-Boer War, 1899–1902).

The Correct answer is Option 2. 

Key Points

• Rajon ki Baoli (Mehrauli Archaeological Park, Delhi) is a Lodi-period (early 16^th c.) stepwell; ASI undertook conservation with World Monuments Fund India.
• Agrasen ki Baoli: Central Delhi monument, usually dated to earlier medieval/Tughlaq–Lodi era, not the site of the recent ASI–WMF India campaign.
• Chauki Bavdi: Stepwell at Champaner-Pavagadh (Gujarat); not the Delhi project referenced.

Additional Information

• Rajon ki Baoli: Three-storeyed stepwell with arcaded corridors and Islamic stucco/medallion motifs; attributed to Daulat Khan under Sikandar Lodi.
• Mehrauli Archaeological Park: Houses Jamali-Kamali, Balban’s Tomb, Quli Khan’s Tomb; showcases continuous occupation from Rajput to Sultanate to Mughal periods.
• Stepwell terms: Baoli/baori (North India), vav/bavdi (Gujarat/Rajasthan); used for water storage + community space.

The Correct answer is Option 2. 

Key Points

• Eric Adams is the current NYC Mayor (since Jan 2022) and issued the proclamation marking 14 April 2025 as Dr B. R. Ambedkar Day to honor his birth anniversary and legacy. Hence the Correct answer is Option 2.
• Ambedkar Jayanti: Celebrated on 14 April (born 1891) honoring the chief architect of the Indian Constitution and champion of social justice.

The Correct answer is Option 3. 

Key Points

• “United By Music” was introduced at the Liverpool 2023 contest and retained as the official permanent slogan for all future editions. Hence the Correct answer is Option 3.
• Organizer: European Broadcasting Union (EBU).
• First contest: 1956, Lugano (Switzerland).
• Format basics: Each participating broadcaster submits one original song; voting combines jury + televote (with recent tweaks for semifinals/grand final).
• Branding note: Before 2023, slogans changed annually (e.g., “Open Up” 2021, “The Sound of Beauty” 2022).

The correct answer is It carried the NVS-01 satellite.

Key Points

• GSLV-F12 was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on 29 May 2023 from the Second Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), Sriharikota.
• The mission successfully placed the NVS-01 navigation satellite into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).
• NVS-01 is the first second-generation satellite of India's NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) system.
• The satellite carries a navigation payload and also includes a rubidium atomic clock developed in India.
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 1 – It carried the NVS-01 satellite.

Additional Information

• Mission: GSLV-F12/NVS-01.
• Launch date: 29 May 2023.
• Launch vehicle: Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).
• Satellite: NVS-01.
• Purpose: Strengthening India's regional navigation system, NavIC.
• The mission was the 15^th flight of GSLV and the 9^th operational flight of GSLV with an indigenous cryogenic upper stage.

Important Points

• GSLV-F12 → NVS-01.
• Date: 29 May 2023.
• Launch site: Sriharikota.
• Navigation system: NavIC.
• 93^rd/100^th launch statements: These do not correctly describe the GSLV-F12 mission.

The Correct answer is Option 4. 

Key Points

• The 18^th G20 Summit was held in New Delhi, India (9–10 Sept 2023), not Rio → Option 1 false.
• Its official theme was “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam – One Earth, One Family, One Future”, not “Building a Just World and a Sustainable Planet” (that line is from Brazil’s 2024 Presidency) → Option 2 false.
• “Rio de Janeiro Declaration” pertains to Brazil 2024; it is unrelated to the 18^th summit → Option 3 false.
• Therefore, none of the given statements apply to the 18^th G20.

The Correct answer is Option 3. 

Key Points

• COP29 agreed that developed countries will take the lead in mobilising at least $300 billion per year by 2035 for developing countries, within a broader push to mobilise$1.3 trillion/yr by 2035 from all sources. Hence the Correct answer is Option 3.

The Correct answer is Option 3. 

Key Points

• ‘The Vegetarian’ won the International Booker Prize (2016), shared between author Han Kang and translator Deborah Smith. Hence the Correct answer is Option 3.
• International Booker Prize: Honors a single work in translation into English; prize split 50:50 between author and translator.
• Milestone: First Korean-language work to win the International Booker (2016).
• Theme note: ‘The Vegetarian’ explores bodily autonomy, violence, and conformity, told across three linked parts from different perspectives.

The Correct answer is Option 2. 

Key Points

• On 12 May 2025, scientists and ICIMOD marked Yala Glacier (Langtang Valley) as “dead”, commemorating it with a high-altitude ceremony; Yala has lost ~66% of its mass since the 1970s. Hence the Correct answer is Option 2.
• Khumbu and Imja are retreating and hazardous but have not been declared dead