Search Previous Year Questions

The correct answer is: 'Justice C.N. Broomfield'.

Key Points

• Justice C.N. Broomfield was the judge who presided over Mahatma Gandhi's trial in 1922.
• Gandhiji was tried for his involvement in the Non-Cooperation Movement, which aimed at gaining full independence from British rule.
• The trial took place after the movement was called off due to the Chauri Chaura incident, where a violent mob killed 22 policemen.
• Justice Broomfield sentenced Gandhi to six years of imprisonment for sedition, but praised him for his moral and ethical integrity during the trial.

Incorrect Options

• Justice William Hodges
• There is no historical record of a Judge William Hodges presiding over any significant trial involving Mahatma Gandhi.
• Justice Joseph Noel
• Justice Joseph Noel is not associated with any trial of Mahatma Gandhi. His name does not appear in historical accounts relating to Gandhi's legal battles.
• Justice Thomas Barker
• Similarly, Justice Thomas Barker did not preside over any notable trial involving Mahatma Gandhi. His name is not linked with Gandhiji's legal history.

Hence, the correct answer is Justice C.N. Broomfield, and the other options are not relevant to the trial of Mahatma Gandhi after the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Additional Information

• Non-Cooperation Movement:
• Launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920, the Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant part of the Indian independence struggle against British colonial rule.
• It aimed to resist British rule through non-violent means such as boycotting British goods, institutions, and services.
• The movement was abruptly called off in 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident, where a violent clash resulted in the death of policemen, contradicting the movement's non-violent principles.
• Chauri Chaura Incident:
• On February 5, 1922, a violent altercation between the police and protesters in the town of Chauri Chaura, Uttar Pradesh, led to the death of 22 policemen.
• In response to this violence, Gandhiji called off the Non-Cooperation Movement, emphasizing the importance of non-violence in the struggle for independence.

The correct answer is Vitamin A deficiency - color blindness.

Key Points

• Vitamin A deficiency typically leads to night blindness, not color blindness.
• Color blindness is generally an inherited condition, not related to vitamin deficiencies.
• Iron deficiency is correctly associated with anemia, a condition where the blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells.
• Vitamin D deficiency is correctly linked to rickets, a condition that affects bone development in children.
• Vitamin C deficiency is correctly associated with scurvy, which causes weakness, anemia, gum disease, and skin problems.

Additional Information

• Night Blindness
• Caused by a deficiency in Vitamin A.
• Leads to difficulty seeing in low light or darkness.
• Can be treated by increasing Vitamin A intake through diet or supplements.
• Anemia
• A condition where the body does not have enough red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to tissues.
• Commonly caused by iron deficiency.
• Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.
• Rickets
• Caused by a deficiency in Vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate.
• Leads to softening and weakening of bones in children.
• Can result in bone deformities and growth disturbances.
• Scurvy
• Caused by a severe deficiency of Vitamin C.
• Symptoms include anemia, gum disease, and skin hemorrhages.
• Can be prevented and treated with Vitamin C-rich foods or supplements.
• Color Blindness
• A genetic condition that affects the ability to distinguish between certain colors.
• Most commonly affects the differentiation between red and green.
• Not caused by vitamin deficiencies, but rather by problems in the color-detecting molecules in the eye.

The correct answer is Option 2: i, iii, and iv.

Key Points

• Gogabeel Bird Sanctuary is located in the Katihar district of Bihar. Hence, option ii is correct.
• The sanctuary is recognized as the first 'Community Reserve' of Bihar and is known for its rich biodiversity.
• It lies in the northeastern region of Bihar, and it is an important habitat for migratory birds, aquatic species, and vegetation. Hence, it is not located in Samastipur (option i), Kaimur (option iii), or Nalanda (option iv).
• Samastipur, Kaimur, and Nalanda districts are geographically and ecologically different from Katihar, which houses Gogabeel Bird Sanctuary.
• Gogabeel Bird Sanctuary is formed at the confluence of three rivers: the Mahananda, Kankhar, and Ganga, making it a unique and suitable habitat for wetland species.

Additional Information

• Biodiversity of Gogabeel Bird Sanctuary:
• The sanctuary is an important habitat for over 90 species of birds, including several endangered and migratory species.
• Birds such as the black-necked stork, white ibis, and Eurasian wigeon are commonly spotted here.
• The wetland ecosystem supports various aquatic plants and animals, making it ecologically significant.
• Geography and Location:
• Katihar district is located in the northeastern part of Bihar and is known for its rich wetlands and water bodies.
• Unlike Katihar, districts such as Samastipur, Kaimur, and Nalanda lack such extensive wetland ecosystems, which are necessary for a bird sanctuary.
• Importance of Wetland Ecosystems:
• Wetlands serve as critical habitats for birds, fish, and other aquatic organisms.
• They act as natural water purifiers, flood controllers, and carbon sinks.
• Gogabeel Bird Sanctuary contributes to the conservation of wetland biodiversity and serves as a tourist attraction.
• Community Reserve Concept:
• Gogabeel is designated as Bihar's first 'Community Reserve,' promoting community-based conservation efforts.
• The community reserve model encourages local participation in biodiversity conservation and sustainable resource use.

Important Points

• Samastipur: This district is known for its agricultural activities and does not host any significant wetland or sanctuary like Gogabeel.
• Kaimur: Located in western Bihar, it is known for its hilly terrain and the Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary, not Gogabeel Bird Sanctuary.
• Nalanda: Famous for its historical significance, including Nalanda University, it lacks the ecological features required for a sanctuary like Gogabeel.
• Katihar: Gogabeel Bird Sanctuary is located in this district, highlighting its importance as a biodiversity hotspot and wetland ecosystem in Bihar.

The correct answer is Sushil Kumar Modi.

Key Points

• Sushil Kumar Modi is a senior Indian politician from Bihar and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
• He served as the Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar multiple times, showcasing his significant role in Bihar’s politics.
• Modi was posthumously awarded the Padma Bhushan in 2025 for his contributions to public life and governance in Bihar.
• His work focused on economic reforms, welfare schemes, and strengthening governance in Bihar during his tenure.
• The Padma Bhushan is India’s third-highest civilian award, recognizing distinguished service of high order.

Additional Information

• Padma Awards:
• Padma Awards are one of India’s highest civilian honors, instituted in 1954.
• They are classified into three categories: Padma Vibhushan (highest), Padma Bhushan (second highest), and Padma Shri (third highest).
• These awards recognize achievements in various fields, including arts, public affairs, science, and social work.
• Bihar’s Political Landscape:
• Bihar has been a politically significant state in India, producing notable leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan, Lalu Prasad Yadav, and Nitish Kumar.
• Political reforms and governance improvements have been pivotal in shaping Bihar’s development trajectory.
• Economic Reforms in Bihar:
• Under leaders like Sushil Kumar Modi, Bihar saw advancements in fiscal policy, infrastructure development, and welfare schemes.
• Efforts were focused on improving education, healthcare, and rural development in the state.
• Recognition of Public Service:
• Posthumous awards like the Padma Bhushan highlight the importance of contributions made by individuals to society and governance.
• Such recognitions aim to inspire future generations to contribute to public life and nation-building.

The correct answer is 'August'

Key Points

• Maximum Sea Temperature in the Northern Hemisphere:
• In the Northern Hemisphere, the maximum annual sea temperature is typically recorded in August.
• This is primarily because of the thermal inertia of water; the ocean takes longer to heat up compared to the land. During the summer months, the ocean absorbs heat, which peaks around August, after which it begins to cool down as autumn sets in.
• In contrast to land surfaces, which can heat up and cool down more quickly, the ocean’s thermal capacity means it reaches its highest temperature later in the season.

Additional Information

• February:
• February is typically one of the coldest months in the Northern Hemisphere, as it is near the peak of winter. The sea temperature is generally lower during this time.
• April:
• April marks the transition from winter to spring, and while the ocean starts warming up, it is still relatively cold compared to the peak temperatures in August.
• December:
• December is near the beginning of winter in the Northern Hemisphere, which results in lower sea temperatures compared to the summer months.

Important Points

• The time lag between maximum solar radiation in the Northern Hemisphere (around June solstice) and the highest sea surface temperatures (usually around August) is due to the thermal properties of water.
• Sea temperatures can affect various climatic phenomena, including ocean currents, weather patterns, and marine ecosystems.
• While August is typically the peak, factors such as latitude, depth, and ocean currents can influence the precise timing of the maximum temperature in specific regions.

GIVEN:

Rate of Interest = 12%

Time = 8 and 10 years

Difference in Interest = Rs. 14688

FORMULA USED:

Interest = P × R × T / 100

CALCULATION:

Let Principal = Rs. x,

According to the question

∴ {(x × 10 × 12)/100} – {(x × 8 × 12)/100} = 14,688        

⇒ {120x/(100)} – {96x/100} = 14,688

⇒ 24x/100 = 14,688                           

∴ x = Rs. 61,200

Answer: B

Key Points

• Tanka (silver coins) and Jital (copper coins) were introduced by Delhi Sultan Iltutmish. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.
• Satavahana coins were made of Copper, Silver, Lead, and Potin, appearing in Round, Square, and Rectangular shapes. Silver coins became common after Gautamiputra Satakarni, often depicting king’s portraits. Some gold coins were also issued. Hence, option

(b) is correct.

• Varaha referred to the gold coins issued by Vijayanagar kings. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.
• Shahrukhi coins (silver coins) were in circulation since the time of Babur and Humayun. They remained popular under Humayun and Akbar until replaced by the rupee. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Additional Information

• First punch-marked coins in India, called Pana, were minted by Janapadas in the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
• Gupta period gold coins were known as Dinar.
• Mughal gold coins were called Muhar. Akbar issued coins in gold, silver, and copper, named Muhar, Rupiya, Dam, and Falus/Tanka, respectively.
• Dam was a copper coin introduced by Sher Shah Suri.

The correct answer is Banihal Pass.

Key Points

• Banihal Pass is a mountain pass located in the Pir Panjal range in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
• The pass connects the towns of Banihal in Jammu with Qazigund in the Kashmir Valley.
• It is situated at an elevation of approximately 2,832 meters (9,291 feet) above sea level.
• The pass is crucial for road transport, especially the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway (NH44), which is a vital link between the two regions.

Additional Information

• Nathu La Pass
• Located in the Himalayas, Nathu La Pass connects the Indian state of Sikkim with China's Tibet Autonomous Region.
• It is a significant trade route and was part of the ancient Silk Road.
• The pass is situated at an elevation of 4,310 meters (14,140 feet).
• Niti Pass
• Niti Pass is located in the state of Uttarakhand, India, and connects the region to Tibet.
• The pass is situated at an elevation of approximately 5,070 meters (16,634 feet).
• It is historically significant for trade and movement between India and Tibet.
• Rohtang Pass
• Rohtang Pass is situated in the state of Himachal Pradesh and connects the Kullu Valley with the Lahaul and Spiti Valleys.
• It is located at an elevation of 3,978 meters (13,050 feet).
• The pass is a popular tourist destination known for its scenic beauty.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• The Human Development Index (HDI) is calculated using three primary indicators: life expectancy, education (mean years and expected years), and GNI per capita (Gross National Income).
• A rise in GNI per capita alone cannot significantly improve the HDI score if other parameters like life expectancy and education decline.
• The HDI approach emphasizes balanced improvement across all dimensions for holistic human development assessment.
• Global HDI rankings and trends reflect a country's socio-economic and public health development over time.
• The claim that "a rise in GNI per capita alone can significantly improve HDI, even with falling life expectancy and education" is incorrect, as HDI depends on simultaneous performance across all indicators.

Additional Information

• Human Development Index (HDI):
• Developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to measure a country's overall achievement in its social and economic dimensions.
• HDI is a composite index based on three dimensions: health (life expectancy), education, and standard of living (GNI per capita).
• It is widely used to compare development levels among nations and regions.
• Gross National Income (GNI):
• GNI represents the total income earned by a country's residents and businesses, including income from abroad.
• It is an important economic indicator used in HDI calculation to reflect the standard of living.
• Life Expectancy:
• Life expectancy serves as a proxy for the health dimension in HDI.
• It reflects the average number of years a person is expected to live, based on current mortality rates.
• Education Indicators in HDI:
• Mean years of schooling (average years of education received by people aged 25 and older).
• Expected years of schooling (number of years a child of school-entry age is expected to spend in school).
• Balanced Development:
• Improvement in one dimension (e.g., GNI) cannot compensate for declines in others (e.g., education or health).
• Holistic growth across all dimensions is crucial for sustainable human development.

The correct answer is World Investment Report.

Key Points

• The World Trade Organization (WTO) publishes reports related to international trade and global commerce.
• World Trade Statistical Review and The World Trade Report are official publications of the WTO.
• World Investment Report is published by:
• UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)

and not by the WTO. Hence, option 2 is correct.

• Option-wise Analysis:
• World Trade Statistical Review – Published by WTO.
• World Investment Report – Published by UNCTAD, not WTO. Correct.
• The World Trade Report – Published by WTO.
• None of the above – Incorrect.
• Hence, the correct answer is World Investment Report.

Additional Information

• The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established on:
• 1 January 1995
• The headquarters of WTO is located in:
• Geneva, Switzerland
• Main functions of WTO:
• Facilitating international trade
• Reducing trade barriers
• Resolving trade disputes
• Monitoring trade policies
• World Trade Statistical Review provides:
• Statistical data on world trade
• Trade performance of countries
• The World Trade Report focuses on:
• Trade policies
• Global trade challenges
• Economic analysis
• UNCTAD is a United Nations body that deals with:
• Trade
• Investment
• Development issues

Important Points

• World Investment Report is widely used for data on:
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
• Global investment trends
• Questions related to international organizations, WTO reports, UN agencies, and global economic reports are frequently asked in competitive examinations.