Search Previous Year Questions

The correct answer is Fees and fines.

Key Points

• Non-tax revenue refers to the recurring income earned by the government from sources other than taxes.
• Fees and fines are common examples of non-tax revenue. Fees are payments made to the government for specific services or activities (e.g., passport fees, court fees), while fines are penalties imposed for violating laws or regulations.
• Non-tax revenue sources help the government fund its operations without increasing the tax burden on citizens.
• Other examples of non-tax revenue include interest receipts on loans given by the government, dividends from public sector enterprises, and income from government property.

Additional Information

• Personal income tax:
• It is a direct tax levied on the income of individuals.
• The rate of personal income tax varies based on income slabs and is progressive in nature, meaning higher income earners pay a higher percentage in taxes.
• Corporate income tax:
• This is a tax imposed on the net income or profit of corporations.
• It is a significant source of revenue for the government and is also a direct tax.
• Value-added tax (VAT):
• VAT is an indirect tax levied on the value added to goods and services at each stage of production or distribution.
• Consumers ultimately bear the cost of VAT as it is included in the purchase price of goods and services.
• Non-tax revenue sources:
• These include all government revenue sources that do not fall under the category of taxes.
• Examples include fees for services, fines and penalties, dividends from public enterprises, interest receipts, and revenue from government properties.

The correct answer is Turkey.

Key Points

• Turkey has imposed a comprehensive ban on the export of weapons and defence-related items to India due to geopolitical and strategic reasons.
• The decision aligns with Turkey's foreign policy interests, especially concerning its support for Pakistan and its stance on issues like Kashmir.
• Turkey has been critical of India's policies in the region, particularly its actions in Jammu and Kashmir, often voicing concerns on international platforms such as the United Nations General Assembly.
• This ban reflects the broader geopolitical tensions between India and Turkey, which have grown over the years due to differences in their regional and international stances.
• The ban includes restrictions on arms, ammunition, and other defence-related equipment, impacting bilateral defence trade between the two nations.

Additional Information

• Turkey's Foreign Policy:
• Turkey maintains close ties with Pakistan, supporting it politically and diplomatically, especially in matters concerning Kashmir.
• Its foreign policy prioritizes its strategic interests, often taking positions that challenge India's regional influence.
• Turkey is also a member of organizations like the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), which has occasionally criticized India’s stance on Kashmir.
• India-Turkey Relations:
• India-Turkey relations have been strained in recent years, especially after Turkey's vocal criticisms of India's abrogation of Article 370 in Jammu and Kashmir in August 2019.
• Despite tensions, both countries have bilateral trade relations, although defence cooperation has been severely impacted by the ban.
• Impact of the Ban:
• India has diversified its defence imports, relying on countries like Russia, the United States, Israel, and France for military equipment.
• The ban from Turkey has limited implications for India’s defence sector, as Turkey has not been a major defence supplier to India.
• Turkey’s Defence Industry:
• Turkey has a growing defence industry, producing items like drones, tanks, and firearms, which are exported globally.
• Its defence exports are focused on regions like the Middle East, Africa, and Central Asia.

Important Points

• Geopolitical Tensions:
• The ban by Turkey is influenced by broader geopolitical rivalries and regional politics involving India, Pakistan, and other countries.
• Turkey's stance reflects its strategic alignment with Pakistan, impacting its relations with India.
• India's Diversification in Defence Imports:
• India has focused on reducing reliance on specific countries for defence imports by promoting its indigenous defence manufacturing under initiatives like Make in India.
• India continues to strengthen its defence partnerships with nations such as the United States, France, and Israel to counter such bans.
• Turkey’s International Relations:
• Turkey’s foreign policy often reflects its aspirations to emerge as a regional power, balancing its relations with Western countries, Russia, and Islamic nations.
• Its defence industry plays a crucial role in its international influence, providing weapons and technology to allied nations.

'पुनर्जन्म' शब्द में पुन: उपसर्ग है । अन्य विकल्प असंगत है ।

अतः सही उत्तर विकल्प 4) पुन: होगा ।

Key Points

Additional Information 

The correct answer is the Chemical effect of electric current.

Key Points 

• When current is passed through a conducting solution, bubbles of gas are formed on the electrodes. This shows the Chemical effect of electric current.
• This experiment was shown by British Chemist William Nicholson in the year 1800.
• The chemical reaction takes place when an electric current is passed through a conducting solution and this results in the formation of bubbles of gas on the electrodes.
• Deposits of metal may be seen on electrodes and sometimes colour changes in solutions may occur.
• This reaction totally depends upon what solution and electrodes are used and also some chemical effects of the electric current may occur.

The correct answer is Badminton.

Key Points

• Ashwini Ponnappa Machimanda is an Indian badminton player who represents the country at the international badminton circuit in both the women's and mixed doubles disciplines.
• She was born on 18 September 1989 in Bangalore.
• She had a successful partnership with Jwala Gutta as the pair has won many medals in international events including a gold medal at the Commonwealth Games and bronze medals at the Uber Cup and the Asian Badminton Championships.
• They were consistently ranked among the top 20 in the BWF World Ranking reaching as high as no. 10.
• Ponnappa and Gutta also won the bronze medal at the BWF World Championships in 2011, becoming the first Indian pair and women and only the second overall to win a medal at the World Championships.

Image of Ashwini Ponappa:

The Correct Answer is B and D.

• Infra-red rays are electromagnetic waves that have a wavelength between 700 nanometers and 1 mm.
• Some other electromagnetic waves include gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, microwaves, and radio.
• The most common use of the infra-red waves in everyday life is the remote-controls, thermal imaging, Infra-red astronomy, etc.

A Biosphere Reserve is a unique and representative ecosystem of terrestrial and coastal areas which are internationally recognized within the framework of UNESCO's Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme.

Important Points

Twelve Biosphere Reserves of India have been recognized by the UNESCO on World Network of Biosphere. These are as follows:

From the above, it is clear that a total of 13 out of 18 Biospheres of India are recognized by the UNESCO on World Network of Biosphere.

Additional Information

 Panna Biosphere Reserve

• UNESCO included Panna in 2020 in the Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB).
• Panna Biosphere Reserve falls in bio-geographic zones of Deccan Peninsula and Biotic Province of Central highlands.
• It comprises effectively protected and minimally disturbed areas.
• The areas have different land uses, forests, agriculture, water bodies, settlements and wasteland which provide ample scope for research and management.

The correct answer is 1) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A..

Key Points

• Assertion (A): Humayun's Tomb was the first major Mughal garden tomb and directly inspired the design of the Taj Mahal.
• Humayun's Tomb, built in 1565-1572, was commissioned by Empress Bega Begum, Humayun's widow.
• It was the first garden tomb of the Mughal Empire in India and represents a significant milestone in Mughal architecture.
• The tomb's design influenced later Mughal structures, including the Taj Mahal, particularly in its symmetry and grandeur. Hence, statement A is correct.
• Reason (R): It introduced the charbagh garden layout and double-domed mausoleum style that became characteristic of later Mughal architecture.
• The tomb's charbagh layout, a Persian-inspired quadrilateral garden divided by walkways, became a hallmark of Mughal architectural design. While the charbagh concept existed earlier in Persian traditions, Humayun's Tomb popularized this layout in India.
• It also featured the innovative double-domed structure, ensuring proportionality between the interior and exterior. This style was emulated in subsequent Mughal buildings.
• These features were pivotal in shaping Mughal architectural identity and were reflected prominently in the Taj Mahal. Hence, statement R is correct.
• Since both A and R are true, and R explains A, the correct option is 1.

Additional Information

• Humayun’s Tomb:
• It is located in Delhi and was constructed by Persian and Indian artisans under the supervision of Mirak Mirza Ghiyas.
• The tomb is made of red sandstone, with marble inlays, showcasing Indo-Islamic architectural fusion.
• Its symmetrical design reflects the Persian influence on Mughal architecture.
• Charbagh Layout:
• The charbagh is a quadrilateral garden divided into four sections by pathways or water channels.
• It symbolizes the Garden of Paradise described in Islamic texts.
• This design was used in other Mughal monuments like the Taj Mahal and Shah Jahan’s Red Fort.
• Double-Domed Architecture:
• A double dome consists of two layers, with the outer dome creating the exterior grandeur and the inner dome maintaining proportionality inside.
• It was first seen in Humayun’s Tomb and later became a defining feature of Mughal structures such as the Jama Masjid and Taj Mahal.
• The Taj Mahal:
• Constructed by Emperor Shah Jahan between 1632 and 1653, it was inspired by the design and features of Humayun’s Tomb.
• The Taj Mahal also incorporates the charbagh, with water channels and lush greenery surrounding the mausoleum.
• It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a globally recognized symbol of Mughal architectural excellence.

Important Points

• Historical Significance: Humayun’s Tomb marked the beginning of the grand Mughal architectural tradition in India.
• Architectural Innovations: Features like the charbagh garden and double dome influenced subsequent structures.
• UNESCO Recognition: Humayun’s Tomb was designated a World Heritage Site in 1993.
• Connection to the Taj Mahal: The tomb’s design served as the blueprint for the Taj Mahal, highlighting its cultural and architectural impact.

The correct answer is 382 persons/sq.km

Key Points

• ​According to the census reports of the Indian Census 2011, India's density of population is 382 persons/sq.km.
• The Population Density has increased from 325/sq km in 2001 to 382/sq km in 2011.
• The population of India is 1,210,854,977 with 623, 724, 248 males and 586,469, 174 females.
• The Indian Census survey is conducted to gather information from the grass root base which is essential to launch different welfare schemes like Annual Plans, 5 Year Plans, etc. in the country for the privilege of the common man here.
• The House listing & Housing Census provides extensive information on the status of the human settlements, the housing deficits as well as the different housing necessities to be looked for in formulating the housing welfare policies.
• The Population Enumeration offers needed Census data about land & its people in the present time.
• The survey reveals the current population trends and their varied characteristics that are valuable inputs for planning sound programs and policies aimed toward the welfare of India & its people and also for effective public administration.

Important Points The density of Population (per square km) Census Of India 2011:-

Given:

Girls preferred coffee = 46%

Girls preferred smoking = 15%

Girls did not preferred coffee or smoking = 44%

Girls who preferred both coffee and smoking = 55

Concept:

Venn Diagram

Calculation:

Suppose x% girls preferred both coffee and smoking.

Girls preferred only coffee = (46 – x)%

Girls preferred only smoking = (15 – x)%

Girls preferred neither coffee nor smoking = 44%

⇒ (46 – x)% + (15 – x)% + 44% + x% = 100%

⇒ 105% - x% = 100%

⇒ x = 5

∴ 5% → 55

⇒ 1% → 11

⇒ 100% → 1100

∴ The total number of girls who participated in survey = 1100