Search Previous Year Questions

The correct answer is (a) - (iii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv), (d) - (ii).

Key Points

• Matua Panth:
• In eastern Bengal, Harichand Thakur’s Matua sect worked among Chandala cultivators.
• aridas questioned Brahmanical texts that supported the caste system.
• Satyashodhak Samaj:
• The Satyashodhak Samaj, an association Jyotirao Phule founded, propagated caste equality.
• The movement aimed to challenge social inequalities, particularly the caste system, and work towards the upliftment of marginalized communities.
• Arya Samaj:
• Swami Dayanand Saraswati, who founded the reform association called Arya Samaj, supported widow remarriage.
• The movement aimed to revive and reform Hindu society by advocating for a return to the principles and teachings of the Vedas, the ancient Hindu scriptures.
• Brahmo Samaj:
• Brahmo Samaj was a social reform movement founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in Kolkata, India in 1828.
• It emerged as a response to the social and religious practices prevalent in 19^th-century Bengal.

Hence, the correct matching is (a) - (iii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv), (d) - (ii).

The correct answer is Gaya.

• This Pitrapaksha Mela is held in Gaya each year, in the month of September.

Key Points

• In this fair, people from all parts of the country come to worship their ancestors as part of the Shraddha ritual.
• The gayalis, descendants of the Magga Brahmans perform the Shraddha ceremony.
• This is a mandatory Hindu ritual that is believed to bring salvation to the departed soul.
• This tradition traces back to Buddha, who is believed to have performed the first pindan here.

The Correct Answer is B-Canaries- Warm.

Key Points

• The Canary Current is a cold current that flows along the western coast of North Africa between Madeira and Cape Verde.
• The Canary Current travels north to south along the African coast between 30°N and 10°N, and offshore to 20°W. (Fedoseev 1970). It is wide (1000 km) and slow (10-30 cm s-1) like other eastern boundary currents, and it runs year-round towards the equator.
• As the current flows around the Canary Islands, it helps to lessen the heating effect of the Sahara to the east. The thermal mixing creates excellent fishing grounds in the region.

Additional Information

• North Atlantic Drift and Brazil Current are warm currents.
• The Ocean Currents are made up of vertical-horizontal Components of the circulation system of the ocean that is produced by wind friction, gravity, and water density variation in different parts of the ocean.
• They are divided into three-part i.e.Current, Drift, and Stream based on the direction of speed, flow, and shape
• The Ocean Currents in the Southern hemisphere deflect towards their left and in the Northern hemisphere deflect towards their right due to the Coriolis force. But in the Indian Ocean, where the direction of current flow changes with the change in the direction of monsoon wind flow.
• Kuroshio is a warm current, and California is a cold current.
• The Canaries is and Benguela is a cold current.
• West Wind Drift and Falkland Current are Cold Currents.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

The President of the Indian National Congress (INC) at the Gaya Session of 1922 was C.R. Das (Chittaranjan Das). Hence, option 3 is correct.

• Background of the Gaya Session (1922):
• The Gaya Session of the INC was held in December 1922.
• It was a crucial session as it took place after the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement by Mahatma Gandhi in February 1922 (following the Chauri Chaura incident).
• There was a growing division within the Congress regarding the future course of action after the suspension of the movement.
• Chittaranjan Das as the INC President:
• Chittaranjan Das, a prominent nationalist leader, was elected as the President of the INC at this session.
• He was a well-known lawyer, freedom fighter, and the founder of the Swaraj Party.
• His leadership at the session was marked by debates on the next phase of the freedom struggle.
• Key Issues Discussed at the Session:
• The main issue debated was whether to boycott legislative councils (as per Gandhi’s non-cooperation ideology) or to enter the councils and fight colonial policies from within.
• Two factions emerged within the Congress:
• Pro-Changers (Swarajists): Led by Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru, they advocated entering the councils to obstruct British rule from within.
• No-Changers: Led by leaders like Vallabhbhai Patel, Rajendra Prasad, and C. Rajagopalachari, they supported Gandhi’s original stance of complete non-cooperation.
• Outcome of the Gaya Session:
• A resolution was passed to continue the boycott of councils, which was supported by the No-Changers.
• C.R. Das resigned from the Congress presidency after failing to convince the party to change its approach.
• Following this, he and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party in 1923, which contested elections under the Government of India Act, 1919.
• Significance of the Gaya Session:
• The session marked a major ideological shift in Indian politics, leading to a split within Congress.
• It paved the way for constitutional resistance against British rule through legislative bodies.
• The formation of the Swaraj Party played a key role in opposing British policies within the councils.

The correct answer is Ministry of Science and Technology.

Key Points

VAIBHAV Fellowship Scheme:

• The fellowship offers Non-Resident Indian (NRI) researchers an opportunity to work for a minimum of one month to a maximum of two months a year with a research institution or an academic institution in India.
• Duration:
• Three years with the government offering the researchers an amount of up to Rs 37 lakh for the entire period.
• Aim:
• Improving the research ecosystem of India’s Higher Educational Institutions by facilitating academic and research collaborations between Indian Institutions and the best institutions in the world.
• This is done through the mobility of faculty/researchers from overseas institutions to India.
• Eligibility:
• ​Researchers from institutions featuring in the top 500 QS World University Rankings will be eligible for the fellowship.
• The applicant should be a Non-Resident Indian (NRI), Person of Indian Origin (PIO), or Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) and she or he must have obtained Ph.D/M.D/M.S degree from a recognized University. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• Significance:
• The best Diaspora minds will collaborate with domestic Minds to deliver world-class projects and products.

The correct answer is energy.

Key Points

• A kilowatt hour (kW.h) is a unit of energy.
• It is commonly used to measure electrical energy consumption.
• One kilowatt hour is equivalent to the energy consumption of a 1000-watt appliance running for one hour.
• The kilowatt hour is a derived unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI).

Additional Information

• Energy: The capacity to do work, measured in joules (J) in the SI system, but kilowatt hours (kW.h) are used for practical electrical energy measurement.
• Power: The rate at which energy is used or transferred, measured in watts (W). 1 watt = 1 joule per second.
• Joule: The SI unit of energy, defined as the energy transferred when applying a force of one newton over a distance of one meter.
• Electricity Billing: Household electricity bills typically use kilowatt hours to quantify energy consumption.
• Conversion: 1 kilowatt hour = 3.6 million joules (3.6 x 10^6 J).

The correct answer is Lord William Bentinck.

Key Points

• The Sati Pratha was abolished under the Governor Generalship of Lord William Bentinck.
• The Sati Pratha was abolished in 1829.
• Ram Mohan Roy was known as the 'Father of the Bengal Renaissance'
• He had worked for the upliftment of women's position in society.
• He had worked against polygamy, child marriage, Purdah, and Sati Pratha.
• It is his work that led to the abolition of Sati Pratha in India.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Smriti Mandhana, Jemimah Rodrigues, and Deepti Sharma.

In News

• Three Indian players — Smriti Mandhana, Jemimah Rodrigues, and Deepti Sharma — have been included in the ICC Women’s Cricket World Cup 2025 Team of the Tournament.

Key Points

• Smriti Mandhana scored 434 runs at an average of 54.25, including a century against New Zealand.
• Jemimah Rodrigues’ match-winning 127 against Australia powered India into the final.*
• All-rounder Deepti Sharma topped the bowling charts with 22 wickets, including key breakthroughs in the final.
• The trio joined top performers like Laura Wolvaardt, Marizanne Kapp, and Ashleigh Gardner in the elite XI.

Additional Information

• The selection panel included Ian Bishop, Mel Jones, Isa Guha, Gaurav Saxena, and Estelle Vasudevan.
• South Africa’s Laura Wolvaardt captained the team after topping the run charts with 571 runs.
• Australia, South Africa, England, and Pakistan also had players featured in the lineup.
• Team includes 3 South Africans, 3 Australians, 2 English & 1 Pakistani player.
• Rest of the Players: Laura Wolvaardt (captain), Marizanne Kapp, Ashleigh Gardner, Annabel Sutherland, Nadine de Klerk, Sidra Nawaz (wk), Alana King, Sophie Ecclestone, Nat Sciver-Brunt (12^th player).

Given:

Total = ₹4,500

B : (A + C) = 2 : 7 ⇒ B = 2k, A + C = 7k

(A + B) : C = 11 : 4 ⇒ A + B = 11m, C = 4m

Formula used:

Use system of ratios and total: express A,B,C in terms of m (or k) and solve A + B + C = 4500

Calculations:

⇒ B = 2k, A + C = 7k

⇒ A = (A + B) − B = 11m − 2k

⇒ C = 4m

⇒ From A + C = 7k ⇒ (11m − 2k) + 4m = 7k

⇒ 15m − 2k = 7k ⇒ 15m = 9k ⇒ k = 5/3 m

⇒ B = 2k = 2 × 5/3 m = 10/3 m

⇒ A = 11m − B = 11m − 10/3 m = 23/3 m

⇒ Total = A + B + C = 23/3 m + 10/3 m + 4m = 33/3 m + 4m = 11m + 4m = 15m

⇒ 15m = 4500 ⇒ m = 300

⇒ A = 23/3 m = 23/3 × 300 = 23 × 100 = ₹2,300

∴ Share of A = ₹2,300.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

35^th Congress Session (1920) in Nagpur:

• Location and Presidency:
• Held in Nagpur under the Central Provinces. Hence, option 3 is correct.
• Presided over by Chakravarti Vijayraghavacharya.
• Reception Committee:
• The receptionist was Seth Jamnalal Bajaj.
• Prominent Activists from Jabalpur:
• Pt. Vishnudutt Shukla
• Sunderlal Tapasvi
• Makhanlal Chaturvedi
• Beauhar Raguvir Singh
• Thakur Laxman Singh Chauhan
• Smt. Subhadra Kumari Chauhan
• Seth Govind Das
• Pt. Dwarka Prasad Mishra
• Chaudhary Dalchand Rai
• Kashi Prasad Pandey
• Suraj Prasad Sharma
• Babu Venkataraman
• Seth Jaydayal
• Kallulal Kandele.
• These activists played significant roles in the freedom movement and contributed to the success of the Congress session in Nagpur.