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The correct answer is P.C. Mahalanobis.

Key Points

• The Planning Commission was an institution in the Government of India which formulated India's Five-Year Plans, among other functions.
• The Second Five Year Plan of India was based on an economic model developed by P.C. Mahalanobis.
• The main objective of this plan was rapid industrialization with particular emphasis on the development of basic and heavy industries.
• It had targeted an increase of 25% in National Income by rapid industrialization, however, the achieved target was only 20%.
• The plan assumed a closed economy in which the main trading activity would be centred on importing capital goods
• Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis was an Indian statistician.
• He devised a measure of comparison between two data sets that is now known as the Mahalanobis distance. He introduced innovative techniques for conducting large-scale sample surveys and calculated acreages and crop yields by using the method of random sampling.

Additional Information 

• Planning Commission has now been replaced by NITI Ayog.
• PM is the ex-officio chairman of the NITI Ayog.

The correct answer is 23^rd June 1757.

• Battle of Plassey:
• On 23 June 1757, the Battle of Plassey was taken place, it was fought between the forces of Siraj Ud Daulah, and his French troops and the British East India Company, led by Robert Clive.

Additional Information

• • British marched out to the grove of Plassey, to the north of Calcutta.
• This event was also a part of the Seven Years War.
• In this battle, the forces of Nawab were defeated.
• Nawab first went to Murshidabad and then to Patna, but was eventually pursued by Mir Jafar’s soldiers.
• Siraj-Ud-Daulah was executed on 2 July 1757, under orders from Mir Miran, son of Mir Jafar.

The correct answer is Gobind Rai.

Key Points

• Gobind Rai was the childhood name of the 10^th Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh Ji.
• He was born on 22 December 1666, in Patna, Bihar, which is now known as Takht Sri Patna Sahib.
• Guru Gobind Singh Ji became the 10^th Sikh Guru after the martyrdom of his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji, in 1675.
• As Gobind Rai, he exhibited a keen interest in learning scriptures, martial arts, and spirituality from a young age.
• Later, he introduced the Khalsa tradition in 1699 and adopted the name Gobind Singh.

Additional Information

• Guru Gobind Singh Ji's Contributions:
• He introduced the concept of the Khalsa Panth to uphold righteousness and fight oppression.
• He compiled the Sikh holy scripture, Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, and declared it the eternal Guru of Sikhs.
• Khalsa Tradition:
• It was established on Baisakhi day in 1699 at Anandpur Sahib.
• The five beloved ones, known as Panj Pyare, symbolized dedication and equality.
• Guru's Teachings: Guru Gobind Singh Ji emphasized equality, courage, and devotion, rejecting caste and discrimination.
• Legacy: Guru Gobind Singh Ji's leadership and sacrifices played a vital role in preserving Sikhism during challenging times. His teachings continue to inspire millions worldwide.
• Key Terminology:
• Takht: Refers to the five sacred thrones of Sikh authority, including Takht Sri Patna Sahib.
• Amrit: The holy nectar used in the Khalsa initiation ceremony.

The correct answer is 6.

Key Points

• Patna division is one of the administrative divisions of Bihar, India.
• The division consists of 6 districts: Patna, Nalanda, Bhojpur, Buxar, Rohtas, and Kaimur.
• It is named after Patna district, which also serves as the capital of Bihar.
• The division is a significant administrative and cultural region in the state.
• Patna division plays a vital role in the governance and development of its constituent districts.

Additional Information

• Administrative Divisions of Bihar: Bihar is divided into 9 administrative divisions, which include Patna, Tirhut, Darbhanga, Kosi, Purnia, Magadh, Bhagalpur, Munger, and Saran.
• Patna District: The Patna district serves as the headquarters of the division and is also the state capital. It is an important hub for education, healthcare, and governance in Bihar.
• Nalanda District: Known for the ancient Nalanda University, this district is a major historical and educational site in India.
• Bhojpur District: Famous for its rich cultural heritage and historical landmarks, Bhojpur adds to the diversity of the division.
• Geographical Importance: The districts in Patna division are situated along the fertile plains of the Ganges River, contributing significantly to Bihar's agricultural economy.

The first Buddha council was established in 483 BC in Rajgrih.

• The first Buddhist council was made after the death of Gautama Buddha.
• It is located in the Sattapani Cave, Rajgriha.
• It was made under King Ajatashatru with the monk Mahakasyapa.
• The objective of Buddhist council is to preserve the sayings of Gautama Buddha known as Suttas and monastic disciplines and rules known as Vinaya.

The Six Buddhist Councils:

The correct answer is France.

• France was the first country in the world to implement the Good and Services Tax (GST) in 1954.
• Since its evolution, around 160 countries of the world have adopted this tax-system in some form or another.
• The countries like United Kingdom, Australia, Singapore, Canada, Italy, Spain Vietnam and now India have adopted this tax-system.
• GST is a value-added tax-system levied on most goods and services that are sold for domestic consumption.
• It is paid by the consumers while it remitted to the Government by the businesses offering goods and services.

The correct answer is 1958

Key Points

• 1958 marks the year when the National Awards to Teachers were instituted for the first time in India.
• The awards were established to recognize and honor the meritorious services of outstanding teachers in the country.
• These awards are given annually on Teachers' Day, which is celebrated on 5^th September to commemorate the birth anniversary of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, a former President of India and a distinguished educationist.
• The awards aim to celebrate the unique contribution of some of the finest teachers in the field of education and to honor those who, through their commitment, have enriched the lives of their students.

Additional Information

• Teachers' Day is celebrated in India on 5^th September every year to honor Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan's dedication to education and his role as a teacher.
• The National Awards to Teachers are presented by the President of India in a ceremonial function in New Delhi.
• These awards not only recognize the exceptional work of teachers but also inspire others to strive for excellence in the education sector.
• Teachers play a crucial role in shaping the future of the nation by educating and nurturing young minds.
• The selection process for these awards involves scrutiny at various levels, including district and state levels, before the final list of awardees is prepared at the national level.

Munda Rebellion is one of the prominent 19^th century tribal rebellions in the subcontinent. Birsa Munda led this movement in the region south of Ranchi in 1899-1900.

Key Points

• The Ulgulan, meaning 'Great Tumult', sought to establish Munda Raj and independence.
• Birsa Munda (1874-1900), the son of a sharecropper who had received some education from the missionaries came under Vaishnava influence and in 1893-94 participated in a movement to prevent village wastelands from being taken over by the Forest Department.
• In 1895 Birsa, claiming to have seen a vision of God, proclaimed himself a prophet with miraculous healing powers. Thousands flocked to hear the 'new word' of Birsa with its prophecy of an imminent deluge. The new prophet became a critic of the traditional tribal customs, religious beliefs, and practices.
• He called upon the Mundas to fight against superstition, give up animal sacrifice, stop taking intoxicants, wear the sacred thread, and retain the tribal tradition of worship in the sarna or the sacred grove.
• It was essentially a revivalist movement, which sought to purge Munda society of all foreign elements and restore its pristine character. Christianity influenced the movement as well and it used both Hindu and Christian idioms to create the Munda ideology and worldview.
• The impact of the Munda rebellion was that the Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act of 1908 got the Mundas some recognition to the tribe's khuntkatti rights and beth begari was banned.

Hence, the correct answer is 1899 - 1900.

The correct answer is River Krishna.

Key Points

The Krishna river is an east-flowing river that originates in Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra. 

• It flows from Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh.
• The length of the river is around 1401 km long.
• It is the fourth largest river in India after Ganga, Godavari, and Brahmaputra.
• The left bank tributaries of Krishna are Bhima, Dindi, Paleru, and Musi.
• Whereas its right bank tributaries are Koyana, Panchganga, Dudhganga, Malprabha, Ghatprabha, and Tungabhadra.
• Tungabhadra is the largest tributary river of Krishna.

Krishna river basin :

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The Correct Answer is Kananaskis.

In News

• Prime Minister addresses the G7 Outreach Session.

Key Points

• PM Narendra Modi attended the G7 Outreach Summit in Kananaskis, Canada.
• This marks his 6^th consecutive participation in the G7 Summit.
• The 2025 summit theme focused on:
• Protecting communities worldwide
• Building energy security & digital transition
• Securing future partnerships
• The G7 (Group of Seven) is an informal grouping of 7 major economies and the European Union (as observer).
• Founded in 1975 in response to the oil crisis, initially as G6 (France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, USA).
• Canada joined in 1976, forming the G7.
• Russia joined in 1998, creating the G8, but was excluded in 2014, returning to G7 format.
• In 2025, the G7 marks 50 years of cooperation.