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The correct answer is 1931. 

Key Points

• The Second Round Table Conference was held in London from 7 September 1931 to 1 December 1931.
• Mahatma Gandhi represented the Indian National Congress and Sarojini Naidu represented Indian women in the second round table conferences.
• Some important participants of the Second Round table conference:
• Indian National Congress (INC) – Mahatma Gandhi, Rangaswami Iyengar, Madan Mohan Malaviya
• Muslims League – Md. Ali Jinnah, Aga Khan III, Muhammad Iqbal
• Hindus – M R Jayakar
• Depressed classes – Dr. B R Ambedkar
• The Second Round Table Conference was one of the results of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
• The British decided to grant a communal award for representing minorities in India by providing separate electorates for minority communities and Gandhiji was against this.

Additional Information

• The First Round Table Conference was conducted from 12 November 1930 to 19 January 1931 in London.
• The Third Round Table Conference took place between 17 November 1932 and 24 December 1932 in London.

Louis XVI

• Louis XVI of the Bourbon dynasty was the ruler of France during the French Revolution.
• He was referred to as Citizen Louis Capet during the four months just before he was executed by guillotine.
• In 1765, upon the death of his father, Louis, Dauphin of France, he became the new Dauphin.
• He was the last king of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution.
• The first part of his reign was marked by attempts to reform the French government in accordance with Enlightenment ideas.
• These included efforts to abolish serfdom, remove the taille (land tax) and the corvée (labour tax), and increase tolerance toward non-Catholics as well as the abolition of the death penalty for deserters.
• One day after being convicted of conspiracy with foreign powers and sentenced to death by the French National Convention, King Louis XVI is executed by guillotine in the Place de la Revolution in Paris.
• Louis ascended to the French throne in 1774 and from the start was unsuited to deal with the severe financial problems that he had inherited from his grandfather, King Louis XV.
• In 1789, in a last-ditch attempt to resolve his country’s financial crisis, Louis assembled the States-General, a national assembly that represented the three “estates” of the French people—the nobles, the clergy and the commons.
• The States-General had not been assembled since 1614, and the third estate—the commons—used the opportunity to declare itself the National Assembly, igniting the French Revolution.
• On July 14, 1789, violence erupted when Parisians stormed the Bastille—a state prison where they believed ammunition was stored.
• In August 1792, the royal couple was arrested by the sans-culottes and imprisoned, and in September the monarchy was abolished by the National Convention (which had replaced the National Assembly).
• ​In November, evidence of Louis XVI’s counterrevolutionary intrigues with Austria and other foreign nations was discovered, and he was put on trial for treason by the National Convention. The next January, Louis was convicted and condemned to death by a narrow majority.
• On January 21, he walked steadfastly to the guillotine and was executed. Nine months later, Marie Antoinette was convicted of treason by a tribunal, and on October 16 she followed her husband to the guillotine.

The correct answer is Mahananda.

Key Points

• The Kosi-Mechi Interlinking Project is aimed at diverting water from the Kosi River to the Mechi River, which is a tributary of the Mahananda River.
• This interlinking project is a part of the National River Linking Project (NRLP) initiated to address issues of water scarcity and irrigation.
• It primarily seeks to enhance irrigation facilities in the northeastern region of Bihar and some adjoining areas.
• The diverted water will benefit agricultural lands in the region by improving irrigation and reducing dependency on erratic rainfall.
• The Mahananda River, a key tributary of the Ganges, plays a crucial role in regional water management and irrigation systems.

Additional Information

• Kosi River:
• Known as the "Sorrow of Bihar," the Kosi River causes frequent floods in Bihar due to heavy sediment load and shifting of its course.
• It originates from the Himalayas in Nepal and flows into the Ganges.
• Mahananda River:
• The Mahananda River is a tributary of the Ganges, flowing through Bihar, West Bengal, and Bangladesh.
• It is a vital water source for irrigation and sustains agriculture in the region.
• National River Linking Project (NRLP):
• An ambitious initiative by the Government of India to interlink rivers to manage water distribution effectively.
• It aims to address regional water imbalances and mitigate the effects of droughts and floods.
• Environmental Concerns:
• River interlinking projects often face criticism due to potential ecological and environmental impacts, including habitat destruction and changes in aquatic biodiversity.

The correct answer is Patliputra.

Key Points

• The 3^rd Buddhist council was held in 250 BC.
• Venue: Ashoka Rama Vihar, Patliputra
• Chairman: Moggaliputta Tissa
• Patron: Ashoka (Maurya Dynasty)
• Result: (i) Compilation of Mahavibhasa Sastra (ii) the division of Buddhists into Hinayanists.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 1764.

Key Points

• The battle of Buxar was fought on 22^nd October 1764. This battle was crucial for Britishers since it provided them full control of Bengal and Bihar.
• It was fought between Hector Munro and the combined forces of Mir Qasim which included Shuja-ud-daula, Shah Alam II, etc.
• In this battle, the combined force of Mir Qasim was defeated.
• The Treaty of Allahabad was signed on 12 August 1765 between Robert Clive and Shah Alam II (Mughal emperor).
• Shah Alam II was forced to pay a fine of five million rupees.

Additional Information 

• The battle of Buxar was the outcome of the misuse of Farman and Dastak, and also the trade expansionist aspiration of English.
• The seeds of the Battle of Buxar were sown after the Battle of Plassey when Mir Qasim became the Nawab of Bengal.
• In the Mughal force, there were 40,000 men in the battle of Buxar, while the English East India Company's Hector Munro's forces included 10,000 men.
• With the defeat of Mir Qasim, the rule of Nawabs came to an end.

The Correct Answer is 130^th.

In News

• India ranks 130^th on Human Development Index, says UNDP 2025 report.

Key Points

• India ranked 130^th out of 193 countries in the 2025 HDR.
• Report title: "A Matter of Choice: People and Possibilities in the Age of AI".
• Published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
• India’s HDI improved from 0.676 (2022) to 0.685 (2023).
• Top-ranked countries:
• 1^st: Iceland (HDI: 0.972)
• 2^nd: Norway
• 3^rd: Switzerland
• Lowest-ranked: South Sudan (193^rd, HDI: 0.388)
• India’s neighbouring countries:
• Ranked above India:
• China (75^th)
• Sri Lanka (78^th)
• Bhutan (127^th)
• Ranked equal to India:
• Bangladesh (130^th)
• Ranked below India:
• Nepal (145^th)
• Myanmar (149^th)
• Pakistan (168^th)
• Human Development Index (HDI):
• Measures achievement in three key dimensions:

1. Health – Life expectancy at birth
2. Education – Expected years and mean years of schooling
3. Standard of living – GNI per capita (PPP $)

• Developed by Mahbub ul Haq, based on the capability approach of Amartya Sen$.

Kaimur range is the eastern portion of the Vindhya Range, about 483 kilometres (300 mi) long, extending from around Katangi in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh to around sasaram in Rohtas district of Bihar.

The correct answer is Odisha - Sambalpur.

Key Points

• Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL) is one of the major coal-producing companies in India.
• It is one of the eight subsidiaries of Coal India Limited.
• Mahanadi Coalfields Limited was carved out of South Eastern Coalfields Limited in 1992 with its headquarters at Sambalpur.

Additional Information

• Ramgarh Coalfield is located in the Ramgarh district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.
• Pathkheda is a town in Sarni Municipality of Betul district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
• Jhilimili Coalfield is located in Surguja district in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh.

The correct answer is option 3

The Narmada River is a westward-flowing river in Peninsular India that flows through a rift valley. Unlike the other rivers mentioned, it does not form a delta; instead, it forms an estuary. Consequently, its mouth is not a producer of petroleum minerals.

The correct answer is 22 March.

• Bihar Diwas (Bihar Day) is observed every year on March 22, marking the formation of the state of Bihar.
• It was on this day when the British carved out the state from Bengal Presidency in 1912.
• The Day is a public holiday in Bihar. Bihar Divas was started and celebrated on a large scale by Bihar Government
• Every year the Government of Bihar issues a notification declaring the 22 March to be a public holiday to be celebrated as Bihar Diwas.
• This holiday applies to all the offices and companies under the jurisdiction of the State and Central Government, as well as Schools, celebrate this day by organizing various programmes participated by students.