Search Previous Year Questions

The correct answer is Atomic power station.

Key Points

• Kalpakkam in Tamil Nadu is famous for its Atomic power station.
• Kalpakkam is home to the Madras Atomic Power Station (MAPS).
• MAPS is a comprehensive nuclear power production, fuel reprocessing, and waste treatment facility.
• It is located about 80 kilometers south of Chennai on the Coromandel Coast.
• MAPS is India's first fully indigenously constructed nuclear power station.
• It consists of two units, each generating 220 MW of electricity using Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs).
• The first unit went critical in 1983, and the second in 1985.
• Kalpakkam also houses the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR).
• IGCAR is a premier nuclear research center in India, second only to the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC).
• Established in 1971, IGCAR focuses on the development of fast breeder reactor technology.
• Kalpakkam has India's only nuclear plant with a Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR).
• A Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) with a capacity of 500 MWe is also located in Kalpakkam.
• The PFBR is designed to utilize a thorium fuel cycle.
• The facility includes a Demonstration Fast Reactor Fuel Reprocessing Plant (DFRP).
• This plant reprocesses spent fuel from the Fast Breeder Reactor.
• Kalpakkam is considered a crucial site for India's nuclear power program and future developments in atomic energy.
• The presence of these nuclear facilities has made Kalpakkam a significant center for nuclear science and technology in India.
• The township supporting these facilities is well-planned with residential, educational, and recreational amenities for the employees and their families.
• Safety and environmental considerations are paramount in the operation of these atomic facilities.
• These installations contribute significantly to India's energy security and technological advancement in the nuclear sector.
• Research and development activities in Kalpakkam are geared towards enhancing the efficiency and safety of nuclear power generation.
• The facilities also play a role in the training of nuclear scientists and engineers in India.

The correct answer is Rohtas.

• As per the census 2011, the Highest male literacy rate in Bihar is in Rohtas District i.e 85.29%.

Mistake Points

• Male Literacy is being asked in the question, not the overall literacy rate.

Key Points

• As per the 2011 Census,
• Bihar has a total population of 104,099,452; previously it was 82,998,509 in 2001.
• Out of the total population of Bihar,
• Male population is 54,278,157.
• Female population is 49,821,295.
• The total population growth was 25.42% since the last census and the population of the state forms 8.60% of the total population in India.
• The total area of Bihar is 94,163 sq. km with a Density of 1,106 per sq km.
• The Sex Ratio in Bihar is 918 for every 1000 males.
• In the last census of 2001, the sex ratio was 919 per 1000 males in Bihar.
• The child sex ratio is 935 per 1000 males and 942 in the 2001 census.
• The Literacy rate in Bihar has risen and is 61.80 %, with male literacy at 71.20 % and female literacy at 51.50 %.
• In actual figures, the total literates in Bihar are 52,504,553 out of which males are 31,608,023 and females 20,896,530.

Additional Information

• As per the 2011 Census:
• Population of Bihar- 10.41 Cr
• Literacy Rate in Bihar- 61.8%%
• Male- 71.2%
• Female- 51.5%%
• Highest Literacy Rate in Bihar- 73.37% in Rohtas.
• Lowest Literacy rate in Bihar- 51.08% in Purnia.
• Link-https://www.censusindia.co.in/states/bihar

The correct answer is Ascorbic acid.

Key Points

• Vitamin C (also known as ascorbic acid and ascorbate) is a vitamin found in various foods and sold as a dietary supplement.
• It is used to prevent and treat scurvy.
• Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in the repair of tissue and the enzymatic production of certain neurotransmitters.
• It is required for the functioning of several enzymes and is important for immune system function.
• It also functions as an antioxidant.

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Additional Information​

The correct answer is Newton.

Explanation:

Force

• A push or a pull on an object is called a force.
• The SI unit of Force is Newton or kg ms^-2.
• It is represented by the symbol N.
• The CGS unit of force is Dyne and is denoted by dyn.
• A force of one newton produces an acceleration of 1 m s^–2 on an object of mass 1 kg.

Additional InformationPower of a lens

• The power of a lens is defined as the reciprocal of its focal length.
• It is represented by the letter P.
• The power P of a lens of focal length f is given by \(P=\frac{1}{f}\)
• The SI unit of power of a lens is ‘dioptre’. It is denoted by the letter D.

Frequency

• The number of complete oscillations per unit time is called the frequency (f).
• The SI unit of frequency is hertz.
• Its symbol is Hz.

Loudness of sound

• Loudness of sound is proportional to the square of the amplitude of the vibration producing the sound.
• For example, if the amplitude becomes twice, the loudness increases by a factor of 4.
• The loudness is expressed in a unit called decibel (dB).

Lux is the SI unit of illuminance.

• Illuminance - It is the measurement of the amount of light falling on a defined surface area.
• The formula is the luminous flux per unit area.
• Luminous Flux - It is the measurement of the total amount of visible light emitted by a light source.
• Lumen is the SI unit of luminous flux.
• Watt is the unit of Power and Joule is the unit of work or energy.

The correct answer is Archimedes.

Key Points

• The principle that states that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object is known as Archimedes' Principle.
• Archimedes' Principle is attributed to Archimedes of Syracuse, a Greek mathematician and inventor who lived from approximately 287 to 212 BCE.
• The principle was described in his work "On Floating Bodies."
• This principle is fundamental in fluid mechanics and explains why objects float or sink in fluids.
• The formula for Archimedes' principle is FB = ρVg, where:
• FB: is the buoyant force
• ρ: is the density of the fluid
• V: is the volume of the object that is submerged or the volume of fluid displaced
• g: is the acceleration due to gravity

Additional Information

• Isaac Newton:-
• Newton's most famous work is "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), published in 1687.
• Newton's three laws of motion describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting on it.
• They are foundational to classical mechanics:
• First Law (Inertia): An object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a force.
• Second Law (F=ma): The force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object times its acceleration.
• Third Law (Action and Reaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
• In his work "Opticks," published in 1704, Newton studied the nature of light and color.
• Galileo Galilei:-
• In 1610, Galileo discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto), now known as the Galilean moons.
• Galileo was a strong advocate of the heliocentric theory proposed by Copernicus, which posited that the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun.
• His Major Works include:
• "Sidereus Nuncius" (Starry Messenger)
• "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems"
• Niels Bohr:-
• He was a key figure in the development of quantum mechanics and atomic theory.
• He is best known for developing the Bohr model of the atom in 1913.
• In 1922, Niels Bohr was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research into the structure of atoms and the radiation emanating from them.
• Bohr established the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen in 1920.

The correct answer is Neem.

Key Points

• Neem is considered a medicinal plant due to its numerous health benefits and medicinal properties.
• Neem has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries to treat a wide range of ailments, including skin disorders, fever, and digestive issues.
• The leaves, bark, and seeds of the neem tree are all used in traditional medicine to make remedies for various health conditions.
• Neem contains active compounds like azadirachtin, nimbin, and nimbidin, which have anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral properties.

Additional Information

• Sal is a hardwood tree that is commonly found in India and other parts of Asia.
• It is used to make furniture, railway sleepers, and other products.
• Teak is a tropical hardwood tree that is native to Southeast Asia.
• It is highly valued for its durability and water resistance, and is commonly used in boat-building, furniture-making, and other applications.
• Deodar is a species of cedar tree that is native to the Himalayas.
• It is commonly used in construction and for making furniture.

The correct answer is Synovial.

Key Points

• Synovial fluid helps in locomotion and many other movements.
• It is characterized by the presence of a fluid-filled synovial cavity present between the articulating surface of the two bones.
• In this type of joint two bones joint by facing each other. Synovial fluid helps in lubrication and reduces the friction between the two bones.
• Examples of such joints are ball and socket joint, pivot joint, gliding joint, hinge joint, and saddle joint.

Additional Information

• A tendon is a fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.
• Cartilage is a soft, elastic, and flexible connective tissue that protects the bone from rubbing against each other.
• Bursae are small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between moving parts in your body's joints.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• Lysosomes are called suicidal bags of the cell.
• Lysosomes contain lytic enzymes capable of digesting cells and unwanted materials.
• They burst open when the cell is damaged.
• This causes the hydrolytic enzymes to be released.
• The released enzymes then digest their own cell, causing the cell to die.
• Mitochondria is the Power House of the cell.
• Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions.
• Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
• Mitochondria contain their own small chromosomes.
• Vacuole is a storage sac.
• Vacuoles are single membrane organelles that are involved in the storage of water and nutrients in a cell.
• They enclose the cell sap that contains amino acids, ions, reserved food, waste materials etc.
• ​Plasma membrane is also known as cell membrane. 
• It is a selectively permeable membrane ​around the cell.
• It regulates the entry and exit of materials from the cell.
• It separates and protects the cell from the surrounding environment.
• It is made up of phospholipid bilayer.

Concept:

• The respiratory system is divided into two parts upper respiratory system and the lower respiratory system.
• The respiratory system is involved in breathing when there is an exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
• On average the length of the trachea is 11.8 cm with a normal range of 10-13 cm in males.
• The trachea tends to be shorter in females.
• During inspiration the diaphragm and external intercostals muscle contract, causing the rib cage to expand and expand the thoracic cavity and lung volume.
• During expiration, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax.

Additional Information

• Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): is also known as shock lung, wet lung, etc.
• ARDS is a severe form of acute lung injury characterized by sudden and progressive pulmonary edema, hypoxemia unresponsive to oxygen supplementation, and absence of left arterial pressure.
• The pancreas has both endocrines as well as exocrine functions in the body. the pancreas secretes some enzymes i.e. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, and pancreatic amylase.
• The esophagus a part of the gastrointestinal system is a collapsible tube of 25 cm in length, located in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity. it passes through the diaphragm at an opening called the diaphragmatic hiatus.