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The correct answer is 1885.

• On 28 December 1885, the Indian National Congress was founded at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay, with 72 delegates in attendance.
• The founder of the INC was Allan Octavian Hume. It was founded in Mumbai.
• It was formed when 72 delegates from all the presidencies and provinces of India met at Bombay from 28 to 30 December 1885.
• Allan Octavian Hume played a leading role in the formation of the Congress and acted as its General Secretary.
• It was set up to bring together a group of educated individuals on a common platform to influence policymaking.
• Some of the important leaders, who attended this first session of the congress which was held at the Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College:
• Dadabhai Naoroji, Kashinath Trimbak Telang, Pherozeshah Mehta, S.Subramania Iyer, P. Ananda Charlu, Dinshaw Edalji Wacha.
• Gopal Ganesh Agarkar, G. Subramania Iyer, M. Veeraraghavarchariar, N.G. Chandavarkar, Rahmatullah M. Sayani and Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee.
• An important leader who was absent was Surendranath Banerjee. He had convened a national conference around the same time at Calcutta.
• The first president of the congress was Womesh Chandra Banerjee.
• Congress passed nine resolutions that demanded changes in British policy and reforms in administration.

Additional Information

• Aim and Objectives of the Congress :
• Promotion of friendship among the countrymen.​
• Development and consolidation of a feeling of national unity irrespective of race, caste, religion, and provinces.
• Formation of popular demands and presentation before the Government through petitions.
• Training and organization of public opinion.
• Consolidation of sentiments of national unity.
• Recording of the opinions of educated classes on pressing problems.
• Laying down lines for the future course of action in the public interest.

The correct answer is Neil Armstrong.

Key Points

• Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the moon.
• Neil Alden Armstrong was the first person to step on the lunar surface. He took the first step to the lunar surface on 20 July 1969.
• Buzz Aldrin became the second person to land on the moon.
• Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin went to the lunar surface in an expedition called Apollo 11.

Additional Information

• On 20 July 1969 Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin landed on the moon.
• Neil Armstrong was Commander of Apollo 11.
• The Mission was called Apollo 11.
• Yuri Gagarin was the first person to go to space in the world.
• Rakesh Sharma was the first Indian to go into space.

The correct answer is 1764.

Key Points

• The battle of Buxar was fought on 22^nd October 1764. This battle was crucial for Britishers since it provided them full control of Bengal and Bihar.
• It was fought between Hector Munro and the combined forces of Mir Qasim which included Shuja-ud-daula, Shah Alam II, etc.
• In this battle, the combined force of Mir Qasim was defeated.
• The Treaty of Allahabad was signed on 12 August 1765 between Robert Clive and Shah Alam II (Mughal emperor).
• Shah Alam II was forced to pay a fine of five million rupees.

Additional Information 

• The battle of Buxar was the outcome of the misuse of Farman and Dastak, and also the trade expansionist aspiration of English.
• The seeds of the Battle of Buxar were sown after the Battle of Plassey when Mir Qasim became the Nawab of Bengal.
• In the Mughal force, there were 40,000 men in the battle of Buxar, while the English East India Company's Hector Munro's forces included 10,000 men.
• With the defeat of Mir Qasim, the rule of Nawabs came to an end.

1786 is correct answer.

Key Points

• Captain John Garstin erected Golghar, an enormous granary, for the British army in 1786, following the devastation of the 1770 famine. The winding stairway encircling this monument provides a spectacular perspective over the city and the neighboring Ganga.
• It was constructed in 1786. It was constructed at the request of the then-owner, Warren Hastings.
• In 1770, Bihar had severe draught, resulting in a serious food shortage.  Concerned about the people's situation, the British soldiers built this large granary.
• The structure is 29 meters tall and built in the Stupa style. It has no pillars and a 3.6 m thick wall at the base.
• The 145-step spiral stairway leads to the top of the Golghar. The spiral staircase was built to help the workers who loaded and unloaded grain in the granary, who had to carry grain-bags up one flight and deliver their load through a door.

Additional Information

• During the famine, India, which was under British rule at the time, faced a lot of trouble when the then-governor general of the country, Warren Hastings, ordered the construction of a building to store grains and other food items only for the British people and not for the suffering Indians.
• The building, which has a spherical appearance from the exterior, has no pillars and is unique in that it can store around 1,40,000 tons of grains.
• The building's interior features a spiral staircase that leads all the way to the top.
• The whole apparatus was created such that the persons obtaining the grains from the top could simply throw it out the top hole, and the substance would securely drop downstairs.

The correct answer is option 2, i.e. Buxar.

• The neighbouring districts of Arwal are
• Bhojpur
• Patna
• Jehanabad
• Gaya
• Aurangabad
• Rohtas

The correct answer is Simhavishnu.

Key Points

• Simhavishnu was the founder of the Pallava Dynasty.
• Pallava Dynasty: 
• Kalabhara rule for 250 years after Sangam Age in Tamil country.
• The Pallava dynasty situated in Tondaimandalam and capital at Kanchipuram.
• Source of Pallava was disputed while many consider them to natives.
• They Issued earlier inscriptions in Sanskrit & Prakrit & patronized Brahmanism.
• Samundragupta defeated to Vishnugopa in his Southern expedition.
• The following tables show the List of Pallava rulers with respective contributions.

The correct answer is Nitish Kumar.

Key Points

• Nitish Kumar on 10 August 2022 took oath as the Bihar chief minister for the eighth time.
• Nitish Kumar has earlier served as the Union Minister under PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
• Tejashwi Yadav was also administered the oath of office as deputy CM in a ceremony at Raj Bhawan.​

Additional Information

• Bihar:
• Capital: Patna
• Governor: Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
• Lok Sabha seats - 40.
• Rajya Sabha seats - 16.
• State Animal - Gaur.
• State Bird - House sparrow.
• National Park - Valmiki National Park.

The correct answer is United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation.

Key Points

• UNESCO -
• The full name of UNESCO is 'United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization'.
• It is a United Nations educational, scientific, and cultural organization. It is headquartered in Paris, France.
• It seeks to build peace through international cooperation in education, science, and culture.
• The constitution of this special body was signed on November 16, 1945, on the UNESCO Constitution, but it came into force on November 4, 1946.
• Its aim is to establish peace and security with international cooperation of education and culture.

Additional Information

• UNESCO has relationships with 332 international voluntary organizations around the world.
• The director general of UNESCO is André Anzolle.
• India is a member country of UNESCO since 1946.

The correct answer is Sai Sudharsan.

In News

• Gujarat Titans’ Sai Sudharsan was the leading run-scorer in IPL 2025, securing the Orange Cap with 759 runs in 15 matches.

Key Points

• Runs Scored: Sai Sudharsan scored 759 runs in 15 matches with an average of 54.21 and a strike rate of 156.17.
• Orange Cap Leaderboard: He is followed by Suryakumar Yadav and Virat Kohli.
• Consistency: Sudharsan hit 1 century and 6 half-centuries, showcasing consistent performance throughout the season.
• Team Representation: Sai Sudharsan represents Gujarat Titans in IPL 2025.

Additional Information

• Orange Cap: Awarded to the highest run-scorer in an IPL season.
• IPL 2025: The 18^th edition of IPL featured 10 teams and multiple top-performing players.
• Impact: Sudharsan’s performance played a crucial role in Gujarat Titans’ campaign during IPL 2025.

Important Points of IPL 2025

• Winner: Royal Challengers Bengaluru
• Runner Up: Punjab Kings
• Most Valuable Player: Suryakumar Yadav (MI) – 717 runs, avg 65, SR 168
• Purple Cap: Prasidh Krishna (GT) – 25 wickets
• Emerging Player: Sai Sudharsan (GT) – 759 runs
• Super Striker: Vaibhav Suryavanshi (RR) – 206.6 SR
• Most Sixes: Nicholas Pooran (LSG) – 40 sixes
• Most Fours: Sai Sudharsan (GT) – 88 fours
• Most Dot Balls: Mohammed Siraj (GT) – 151 dot balls
• Catch of the Season: Kamindu Mendis (SRH) vs Dewald Brevis
• Fairplay Award: Chennai Super Kings
• Fantasy King: Sai Sudharsan (GT) – 1495 points

The correct answer is TSH.

Key Points

• Hormones are chemicals that are formed and produced by specific glands in the human body for controlling and regulating the activity of different cells and organs. These glands are known as endocrine glands.
• Examples of endocrine glands are thyroid glands, parathyroid glands, pituitary glands and adrenal glands.
• The thyroid gland is present in the neck while the pituitary gland is located in a bony cavity called Sella tursica and is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk.
• The pars distalis region of the pituitary, commonly called the anterior pituitary, produces several hormones like growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
• TSH regulates the production of thyroid hormones, secreted by the thyroid gland which ultimately affects the metabolism of the body.
• High levels of TSH is known as hypothyroidism in which the thyroid gland enlarges leading to goitre.
• Low levels of TSH is known as Hyperthyroidism in which a person lose weight, experience anxiety and feel very hot.