Search Previous Year Questions

The Correct Answer is Hepatitis D.

In News

• WHO declares Hepatitis D virus carcinogenic to humans.

Key Points

• WHO & IARC have reclassified Hepatitis D virus (HDV) as carcinogenic to humans.
• Joins HBV & HCV as known causes of liver cancer.
• HDV infects only HBV carriers — co-infection increases liver cancer risk 2–6x.
• Up to 75% of chronic HDV cases develop liver cirrhosis within 15 years.
• No separate vaccine for HDV — HBV vaccination is the only prevention method.
• Global burden:
• 300+ million affected by HBV, HCV, HDV.
• 1.3 million deaths annually (mostly liver cirrhosis/cancer).
• HDV infects ~12 million (≈5% of chronic HBV patients).
• High-risk groups:
• Regions: Asia, Africa, Amazon Basin.
• People who inject drugs, haemodialysis patients.
• Transmission: Blood, sex, unsafe injections, perinatal.
• Symptoms: Fatigue, jaundice, dark urine, nausea, abdominal pain.
• Treatment:
• HBV: Lifelong antivirals.
• HDV: Europe-approved bulevirtide + pegylated interferon.

The correct answer is Vitamin A.

Key Points

• A blocked bile duct impairs the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, which include Vitamins A, D, E, and K.
• Vitamin A deficiency is more likely as it is a fat-soluble vitamin requiring bile for proper absorption.
• Vitamin A plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy vision, immune function, and skin integrity.
• A lack of bile prevents the emulsification of dietary fats, thereby reducing the bioavailability of fat-soluble vitamins like Vitamin A.
• Symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency include night blindness, dry eyes (xerophthalmia), and increased susceptibility to infections.

Additional Information

• Bile Duct Function: The bile duct transports bile, which is essential for the digestion and absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins.
• Fat-Soluble Vitamins: These include Vitamins A, D, E, and K, which are stored in the liver and fatty tissues and are absorbed along with dietary fats.
• Vitamin A Sources: Dietary sources include liver, fish oils, dairy products, and colorful fruits and vegetables (e.g., carrots, spinach, and sweet potatoes).
• Other Fat-Soluble Vitamin Deficiencies: A blocked bile duct can also lead to deficiencies in Vitamins D (affecting bone health), E (antioxidant function), and K (blood clotting).
• Clinical Management: Patients with bile duct obstruction may require supplementation of fat-soluble vitamins in water-soluble forms to prevent deficiencies.

The Correct Answer is Kagaznagar forest division.

In News

• Blue Pinkgill Mushroom Sighted in Telangana's Kagaznagar Forest Division.

Key Points

• Blue Pinkgill mushroom (Entoloma hochstetteri) spotted in Kagaznagar forest division, Telangana.
• The Blue Pinkgill is native to New Zealand and is recognized for its striking sky-blue color.
• The mushroom contains rare azulene pigments, making it one of the most visually distinctive fungi globally.
• The shuttlecock mushroom (Clathrus delicatus) was recorded for the first time in the Eastern Ghats within Kawal Tiger Reserve.
• The vivid blue hue of the Blue Pinkgill is due to the presence of azulene pigments, rare in fungi.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. the Brahmaputra

• 'Majuli' is the largest river island in the world.
• Majuli island is a large river island located in the middle of the 'Brahmaputra River' in Assam.
• This island was formed due to a change in direction of the 'Brahmaputra River' and its tributaries.
• The Brahmaputra river origin from the Manasarovar Lake in Tibet and flow through Tibet, India, and Bangladesh.
• The Godavari is the longest river of South India it is known as "Dakshin Ganga".
• The Kaveri river origin on the Brahmagiri range in the Western Ghats, of Kodagu district of the state of Karnataka.

The correct answer is "Wildlife Conservation Finance: Investing in People and Planet."

In News

• United Nations World Wildlife Day (WWD) is observed annually on March 3^rd to celebrate wild animals and plants.
• WWD 2025 theme: "Wildlife Conservation Finance: Investing in People and Planet."

Key Points

• The United Nations General Assembly established World Wildlife Day in 2013.
• It aligns with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), adopted in 1973.
• Recognizes the crucial role of wildlife in supporting ecosystems and human well-being.
• The 2025 theme emphasizes the importance of financing wildlife conservation to ensure sustainability.

Additional Information

• Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)
• Adopted in 1973 to regulate international trade in endangered species.
• Aims to ensure that trade does not threaten wildlife survival.
• Importance of Wildlife Conservation Finance
• Funds projects aimed at protecting endangered species and habitats.
• Encourages sustainable economic models that integrate wildlife protection.
• Promotes biodiversity and ecological balance.
• Previous Themes
• 2024: "Connecting People and Planet: Exploring Digital Innovation in Wildlife Conservation."
• 2023: "Partnerships for Wildlife Conservation."

The correct answer is Akbar.

 Key Points

• The Mahabharata was translated into Persian at Akbar’s orders, by Faizi and `Abd al-Qadir Bada’uni (c. 1540 – 1615) and named Razmnameh.
• Akbar
• Akbar was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605.
• Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun.
• Jahangir was his son.
• His abolition of Jajiya, his new religion Din-i-Ilahi, his land revenue policy, administrative policy etc. were such that his half century rule proved to be one of the brightest chapters in Indian History

Additional Information

• Jahangir
• Jahangir was a great patron of art and literature he spent lavishly in building splendid buildings and gardens and mausoleums.
• He was easily impressed by poets and writers especially those who wrote verses in his praise.
• Under his rule, he got constructed the Akbar's tomb, Idmaat ud Daulas tomb, and the famous Jahangir Fort.
• Aurangzeb
• Aurangzeb was the last important Mughal ruler and after him, the Mughal empire rapidly decayed and was finally put to an end by the British.
• This King reigned for half a century and died in 1707 leaving behind a war of succession.
• Humayun
• Humayun was the second emperor of the Mughal Empire, who ruled over territory in what is now Afghanistan, Pakistan, Northern India, and Bangladesh from 1530 to 1540 and again from 1555 to 1556.

The Correct Answer is Paris St Germain.

In News

• PSG Beat Tottenham 4-3 on Penalties to Win UEFA Super Cup.

Key Points

• Paris St Germain (PSG) came from 2-0 down to beat Tottenham Hotspur on penalties.
• Tottenham led 2-0 via Micky van de Ven and Cristian Romero in the first half.
• Kang-in Lee scored in the 84^th minute, followed by Goncalo Ramos’ stoppage-time header from Ousmane Dembele’s cross to equalize.
• Penalty shootout:
• Spurs: Dominic Solanke and Rodrigo Bentancur scored; Micky van de Ven saved; Mathys Tel missed.
• PSG: Nuno Mendes converted decisive kick.
• The defeat ends Spurs’ pre-season on a low note ahead of Premier League opener vs Burnley.

Shortcut Trick

Net Multiplier = (Markup Factor) × (Discount Factor) × (Weight Factor)

Net Multiplier = (130 / 100) × (90 / 100) × (1000 / 870)

Net Multiplier = 1.3 × 0.9 × (100 / 87) = 1.17 × (100 / 87) = 117 / 87 = 39 / 29

Profit % = [(39 − 29) / 29] × 100 = (10 / 29) × 100 ≈ 34.48%

∴ The correct answer is 34.48%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Markup = 30%, Discount = 10%, Faulty weight = 870 g instead of 1000 g.

Formula Used:

Net Profit % = [(Total SP / Total CP) − 1] × 100

Let the Cost Price (CP) of 1 g of goods be ₹1.

⇒ Actual CP for the shopkeeper (for 870 g) = 870 × 1 = ₹870.

⇒ Marked Price (MP) for 1000 g = 1000 + 30% of 1000 = ₹1300.

⇒ Selling Price (SP) after 10% discount on MP = 1300 − (10 / 100) × 1300.

⇒ SP = 1300 − 130 = ₹1170.

⇒ Net Profit = SP − CP = 1170 − 870 = ₹300.

⇒ Net Profit % = (300 / 870) × 100.

⇒ Net Profit % = (30 / 87) × 100 = (10 / 29) × 100 ≈ 34.48%.

∴ The correct answer is 34.48%.

Additional Information

Dishonest Dealer Concept

Profit % due to weight fraud = [True Value − False Value] / False Value × 100. In this case, (1000 − 870) / 870 × 100.

Marked Price and Discount

Relationship: SP = CP × (1 + Markup %) × (1 − Discount %). This represents the price multiplier effect.

Successive Percentage Change

The effective percentage change for two successive changes x% and y% is [x + y + (xy / 100)]%.

Shortcut Trick

We know the direct ratio formula between Cost Price (CP) and Printed Price (MP):

CP : MP = (100 − Discount%) : (100 + Profit%)

⇒ CP : MP = (100 − 10) : (100 + 12)

⇒ CP : MP = 90 : 112

⇒ CP : MP = 45 : 56

∴ The correct answer is 45 : 56.

Alternate Method

Given:

Profit = 12%

Discount = 10%

Formula Used:

Selling Price (SP) = CP × (100 + Profit%) ÷ 100

Selling Price (SP) = MP × (100 − Discount%) ÷ 100

Calculations:

Let the Cost Price (CP) be 100.

⇒ SP = 100 × (100 + 12) ÷ 100 = 112

Since the discount given is 10% on the Printed Price (MP),

⇒ SP = MP × (100 − 10) ÷ 100

⇒ 112 = MP × 90 ÷ 100

⇒ MP = 112 × 100 ÷ 90 = 1120 ÷ 9

Now, we find the ratio of CP to MP:

⇒ CP : MP = 100 : (1120 ÷ 9)

⇒ CP : MP = 900 : 1120

⇒ CP : MP = 45 : 56

∴ The correct answer is 45 : 56.

Additional Information

Relation between CP and MP

When Profit percentage (P%) and Discount percentage (D%) are given, the direct ratio is CP : MP = (100 − D) : (100 + P).

Marked Price & Discount

Discount is always calculated on the Printed or Marked Price. Selling Price (SP) = MP − Discount.

Profit & Loss

Profit and Loss are always calculated on the Cost Price (unless specifically stated). Profit = SP − CP.

Shortcut Trick

If a sum becomes n₁ times in t₁ years and n₂ times in t₂ years at SI:

(n₁ − 1) / t₁ = (n₂ − 1) / t₂

(2 − 1) / 4 = (16 − 1) / t₂

1 / 4 = 15 / t₂

t₂ = 15 × 4 = 60 years.

∴ The correct answer is 60.

Alternate Method

Given:

Amount 1 (A₁) = 2P, Time (T₁) = 4 years

Amount 2 (A₂) = 16P, Time (T₂) = ?

Formula used: SI = (P × R × T) / 100; Amount = P + SI

 Start (P) 4 Years (2P) T Years (16P)  SI = 1P  Total SI = 15P Simple Interest Timeline

⇒ In Case 1: SI₁ = A₁ − P = 2P − P = P

⇒ P = (P × R × 4) / 100

⇒ 1 = R / 25 → R = 25%

⇒ In Case 2: SI₂ = A₂ − P = 16P − P = 15P

⇒ 15P = (P × 25 × T₂) / 100

⇒ 15 = T₂ / 4

⇒ T₂ = 15 × 4 = 60 years.

∴ The correct answer is 60.

Additional Information

Simple Interest Proportion

In Simple Interest, the interest earned is directly proportional to time. If interest becomes 'k' times, the time taken also becomes 'k' times.

Sum Doubling Period

To double a sum (n=2) at SI, the time taken is always T = 100/R, where R is the annual rate percentage.

SI vs CI Difference

The difference between Compound Interest and Simple Interest for 2 years is given by D = P × (R/100)².