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The correct answer is Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana.

Key Points

• Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY): This scheme was launched in 2000 by the Government of India to provide all-weather road connectivity to unconnected villages in rural areas.
• Objective: The main aim of PMGSY is to enhance rural connectivity, which is crucial for improving access to markets, education, healthcare, and other services.
• Scope: The scheme focuses on villages with a population of 500 and above in plain areas and 250 and above in hilly, tribal, or desert areas. Hence, it targets the most remote and underserved regions.
• Funding: PMGSY is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, with funding shared between the Central Government and State Governments. The funding ratio differs based on the type of state (e.g., 60:40 for most states and 90:10 for Himalayan and Northeastern states).
• Implementation: The scheme is implemented by state governments through the Rural Development Department. A detailed project report (DPR) is prepared for each road project, ensuring quality and sustainability.
• Impact: PMGSY has significantly improved rural infrastructure, leading to better economic opportunities, reduced migration, and enhanced living standards in rural areas.
• Hence, the correct answer is Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana.

Additional Information

• Other Schemes Mentioned in the Question:
• Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY): This scheme, launched in 2014, aims at the holistic development of villages by Members of Parliament adopting and developing model villages. However, it does not focus on road connectivity specifically.
• Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM): This scheme, launched in 2011, focuses on promoting self-employment and skill development among rural poor households. It does not address rural road connectivity.
• Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY): This scheme, introduced in 2015, focuses on providing affordable housing to the urban and rural poor. It is not related to road infrastructure.
• Challenges in Rural Connectivity:
• Geographical Constraints: Areas with difficult terrain, such as hilly or flood-prone regions, face challenges in constructing all-weather roads.
• Funding Issues: Adequate funds are essential to ensure timely implementation and maintenance of roads.
• Quality Concerns: Ensuring the durability of rural roads is crucial, as poor-quality construction can lead to frequent repairs.
• Important Facts about PMGSY:
• Phase-I: Focused on providing connectivity to unconnected habitations.
• Phase-II: Launched in 2013, it aimed to consolidate existing rural road networks.
• Phase-III: Initiated in 2019, it focuses on upgrading rural roads for better connectivity to grameen agricultural markets and other essential services.

Important Points

• Significance of Rural Road Connectivity:
• Economic Growth: Improved road connectivity facilitates the transportation of goods and enhances access to markets, boosting rural incomes.
• Social Inclusion: Better roads improve access to education and healthcare, reducing inequalities in rural areas.
• Disaster Resilience: All-weather roads ensure connectivity even during adverse weather conditions, aiding in disaster management.
• Examples of Success:
• Bihar: PMGSY has helped in reducing migration by improving connectivity to employment opportunities.
• Rajasthan: Improved rural connectivity under PMGSY has boosted tourism in certain remote areas.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

About U-WIN:

• The U-WIN portal is being rolled out under the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP).
• It is designed to be India’s digital backbone for immunization, similar to CoWIN but for all vaccines (not just COVID).
• Features include:
• Digital registration of pregnant women and newborns.
• Digital record-keeping of all immunizations.
• QR-based e-vaccination certificates for every child.
• Integration with the Ayushman Bharat Digital Health Mission → enabling creation of ABHA IDs for parents and children.
• Multilingual access → available in 11 regional languages for wider coverage.

Additional Information

• Evaluate the statements:
• It provides QR-based e-vaccination certificates → ✔️ Correct.
• It facilitates creation of Ayushman Bharat Health Accounts (ABHA) → ✔️ Correct.
• The portal is accessible in 11 regional languages → ✔️ Correct.
• None of the above → ✔️ Correct, because all 1, 2, and 3 are true, so “None of the above are incorrect.”

The correct answer is 2 crore.

• Through this scheme, the state government aims to ensure clean drinking water to every citizen of Bihar.

Important Points

The following four schemes are implemented by the Bihar government to ensure the successful implementation of the scheme "Har Ghar Nal Ka Jal":

• Mukhyamantri Gramin Peyjal Nishchay Yojana: This scheme is launched to provide safe drinking water facilities in 58,612 rural wards of 4291 Gram Panchayats.
• Mukhyamantri Gramin Peyjal (Gunvatta Prabhavit Kshetra) Nishchay Yojana: The scheme aims to provide safe drinking water in the areas where the water is completely affected by Iron, Flouride and Arsenic.
• Mukhyamantri Gramin Peyjal (Gair Gunvatta Prabhavit Kshetra) Nishchay Yojana: The state government is planning to implement this scheme in areas where the water quality is not affected.
• Mukhyamantri Shahri Peyjal Nishchay Yojana: The scheme aims to provide good quality water in households of 3381 urban wards of 143 urban local bodies of the state.

The correct answer is Connectivity to habitations.

• Under Gramin Tola Sampark Nishchay Yojana, a 1500 km road is constructed to provide connectivity to 1751 habitations.

Additional Information

• The 13786 unconnected habitations having population 100 or more have been identified under this scheme.
• Bihar is the third-largest state in terms of population and twelfth-largest in terms of territory.
• Hon’ble Chief Minister Nitish Kumar, Bihar is the Chairman of Governing Body, Bihar Vikas Mission.
• Deepak Kumar Chief Secretary, Bihar is the Chairman of Executive Committee, Bihar Vikas Mission.
• Arun Kumar Singh Development Commissioner, Bihar is Chairman of Sub Mission, Bihar Vikas Mission.

The correct answer is Indicative and suggestive NEP implementation plan for School Education.

Key Points

• SARTHAQ is an indicative and suggestive implementation plan created to execute the National Education Policy (NEP 2020) for School Education. It focuses on achieving the goals mentioned in NEP 2020.
• It provides a clear roadmap for states and union territories to implement NEP 2020 effectively, considering their local contexts and challenges.
• NEP 2020 is the most recent education policy in India, aimed at transforming the education system to meet the needs of the 21^st century.
• NEP 2020 covers all aspects of education, including school, higher, technical, and vocational education.
• About SARTHAQ:
• It provides guidelines to states and union territories for achieving the milestones and objectives set under NEP 2020.
• Option 1 (Legal Education): NEP 2020 does not directly propose a separate implementation plan for legal education.
• Option 4 (Technical Education): The policy addresses technical education reforms, but SARTHAQ is focused solely on school education.

Important Points

• Features of SARTHAQ:
• The implementation plan emphasizes local adaptation and provides flexibility to states to implement NEP 2020.
• NEP 2020 introduces a new academic structure of 5+3+3+4, replacing the previous 10+2 system.
• Promotes experiential learning, multidisciplinary approaches, and the integration of technology in education.

The Correct answer is Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission.

Key Points

• Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) was launched by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, to promote sustainable livelihood opportunities for rural households.
• The scheme aims to reduce poverty by enabling self-employment and entrepreneurial capabilities among rural women and other marginalized groups.
• It focuses on organizing rural women into Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and strengthening their capabilities through skill development, financial assistance, and market support.
• DAY-NRLM encourages the involvement of rural women in micro-enterprises and helps them access financial services through linkages with banks and other formal institutions.
• The mission's vision is to create a platform where rural women can enhance their incomes, achieve self-reliance, and improve their quality of life.
• It also emphasizes the importance of sustainable livelihoods by promoting activities like agriculture, animal husbandry, horticulture, and small-scale industries.
• Through its integrated approach, DAY-NRLM plays a crucial role in empowering women socially and economically, thus contributing to the broader goal of rural development.

Additional Information

• National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
• NRHM, launched in 2005, focuses on improving healthcare delivery in rural areas.
• It aims to provide accessible, affordable, and quality healthcare services, especially to the poor and vulnerable sections of society.
• The mission emphasizes maternal and child health, immunization, and combating diseases like tuberculosis and malaria.
• BharatNet Project
• The BharatNet Project aims to provide high-speed broadband connectivity to all Gram Panchayats in India.
• It is a backbone infrastructure for the Digital India initiative.
• The project enables the delivery of various services like e-governance, telemedicine, and digital education in rural areas.
• Skill India Mission
• The Skill India Mission was launched in 2015 to train people in various skills to make them employable.
• It focuses on bridging the skill gap and meeting the demands of different industries.
• Programs under this mission include the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) and other vocational training initiatives.

The correct answer is INSPIRE Portal.

Key Points

• The INSPIRE MANAK Scheme is implemented by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, to strengthen the innovation culture among school students.
• The platform for submitting ideas under this scheme is the official INSPIRE Portal.
• The portal allows students from grades 6 to 10 to submit their innovative ideas through their schools.
• The INSPIRE MANAK Award is given to students whose ideas are selected for funding and further development.
• The scheme aims to encourage creativity and critical thinking by recognizing and nurturing innovative ideas at a young age.

Additional Information

• INSPIRE Programme:
• INSPIRE stands for Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research.
• It is an initiative by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) to attract talent to the study of science.
• The programme includes various components such as scholarships, internships, and awards for students and researchers.
• MANAK Scheme:
• MANAK stands for Million Minds Augmenting National Aspirations and Knowledge.
• It focuses on encouraging students to address societal problems through science and technology-based solutions.
• Around 2 lakh ideas are shortlisted annually, and top innovations are showcased at the national level.
• Submission Process:
• Students need to register their ideas online through the INSPIRE Portal.
• Schools act as facilitators in the submission process.
• The ideas are evaluated based on originality, societal impact, and scientific feasibility.
• Support and Recognition:
• Selected students receive a cash award and mentorship for developing prototypes.
• The best innovations are showcased in exhibitions and events organized by DST.

The Correct Answer is ₹1,00,000 per year

Key Points 

• The Haryana government launched the Kalpana Chawla Scholarship Scheme in the 2025–26 budget.
• The scheme provides an annual scholarship of up to ₹1 lakh.
• It targets girls pursuing undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in science and engineering.

Additional Information 

• The initiative encourages more female students to enter STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields.
• The scholarship aims to reduce financial barriers and promote gender equality in higher education.
• The scheme reflects the state government’s focus on empowering women through education and skill development.

The Correct answer is Digitization of Evidence.

Key Points

• Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, also known as the Indian Evidence Act, introduces modern reforms aimed at enhancing the judicial process.
• The reform focuses on Digitization of Evidence, enabling the use of electronic and digital formats for presenting evidence in legal proceedings.
• The digitization process ensures greater accessibility to evidence, reducing the dependency on physical documents, which are prone to loss or damage.
• By digitizing evidence, the system fosters transparency and efficiency within the judicial framework.
• It aligns with the growing use of technology in governance and legal systems, supporting India's movement toward a Digital India.
• Digitization can help preserve evidence for long-term use, ensuring that the integrity of legal documentation is maintained.
• The reform is expected to bolster the use of cybersecurity measures to safeguard sensitive evidence in digital formats.
• It also facilitates better organization and retrieval of evidence during court proceedings, saving time and resources.
• The adoption of digitization is crucial for addressing challenges posed by increasing cybercrime and the need for handling digital evidence effectively.

 Additional Information

• Introduction of New Fundamental Rights
• While introducing new fundamental rights could be a significant reform, it is unrelated to the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, which is primarily about evidence and legal procedures.
• Fundamental rights in India are governed by Part III of the Indian Constitution and require constitutional amendments for changes.
• Abolishment of the Supreme Court
• The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in India, established under Article 124 of the Constitution.
• Its abolition is not feasible as it plays a crucial role in interpreting laws and safeguarding constitutional rights.
• Removal of All Existing Laws
• Removing all laws would create a legal vacuum and disrupt governance and justice systems in India.
• The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam seeks to improve specific laws related to evidence, not to eliminate all laws.

The correct answer is Option 3) Only 4.

Key Points

• ‘Adi Karmyogi’ (Beta Version) — a Responsive Governance Initiative — was launched in June 2025 by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
• Purpose: to strengthen service delivery and feedback loops for tribal communities through a digital platform (two-way communication, monitoring of benefits, quick grievance redressal, and data-driven decisions).
• Ministries of AYUSH, Women & Child Development, and Social Justice & Empowerment were not the launching ministries for this initiative.