Search Previous Year Questions

• Interspecific hybridization, also called as Intra - generic hybridization produces hybrids by intercrossing two species from the same genus.
• Hinny is an inter - specific hybrid produced by crossing a male horse × female donkey both belonging to the same genus Equus. It has a body of a donkey and extremities of a horse.
• Other examples of inter - specific hybrids are a mule (male horse × female donkey both from Equus genus), liger (male lion × female tiger both from Panther genus).

The correct answer is Goat.

Key Points

• Pashmina is wool obtained from goats that are used in winter clothes.
• Shawls are made from fine-quality goat wool.
• Pashmina wool, the wool used in an authentic Kashmiri pashmina comes from the Changthangi breed of the goat.

Important Points Important Goat Breeds and their purpose

• Meat and skin - Black Bengal, Kanni adu
• Meats, skin, and milk - Barbari, Malabari (Tellicherry), Sirohi, Surti
• Meat hair and skin - Gaddi, Kutchi, Marwari
• Milk meat and skin - Beetal, Jamunabari

The correct answer is Heifer

Key Points

• Calf: Young one of the cow from birth to 6 months of age.
• Heifer: Female calf from the age of puberty to calving is known as Heifer.
• Culling: Culling is a process in which the unwanted, unproductive, or uneconomical animals are removed from the herd or farm.
• Freemartin: Infertile female cattle with masculinized behavior and non-functioning ovaries.
• Wether: Buck or buckling that has been castrated

Important Points 

The correct answer is PM-WANI.

Key Points

• PM-WANI (Prime Minister's Wi-Fi Access Network Interface):
• PM-WANI is a government initiative launched to enhance Wi-Fi access across the country, especially in public areas.
• It aims to provide affordable internet connectivity to citizens, promoting digital inclusion and bridging the digital divide.
• Under this scheme, Public Data Offices (PDOs) will be set up to provide Wi-Fi services without the need for licenses or fees, thereby reducing bureaucratic hurdles.
• This initiative is expected to boost the economy by encouraging digital transactions, online education, e-commerce, and other internet-based activities.
• Hence, the correct answer is PM-WANI.

Additional Information

• Objective of PM-WANI:
• To democratize internet access by providing high-speed broadband connectivity to every citizen.
• Promoting Digital India goals by enabling affordable and accessible Wi-Fi services.
• Features of PM-WANI:
• It includes setting up PDOs, PDO aggregators, app providers, and central registries to ensure seamless implementation.
• Users can access Wi-Fi services through a mobile application that connects them to nearby PDOs.
• Applications:
• Boosting e-governance services and improving the delivery of public services.
• Encouraging digital literacy and online education, especially in rural and remote areas.
• Facilitating e-commerce and expanding markets for small businesses.
• Impact:
• PM-WANI will enhance internet penetration in India, addressing gaps in connectivity.
• It is expected to generate new job opportunities, especially for PDO operators.
• Comparative Analysis with Other Schemes:
• Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana: Focuses on financial inclusion through bank accounts, not related to internet connectivity.
• Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: A cleanliness drive aimed at sanitation and hygiene, not linked to Wi-Fi access.
• Make in India: Promotes manufacturing and industrial growth, unrelated to internet access.

Important Points

• Launch Date: PM-WANI was announced on December 9, 2020, by the Government of India.
• Implementation Agency: The scheme is implemented by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT).
• Global Comparison: Similar initiatives in other countries include free public Wi-Fi networks in cities like New York and London.
• Challenges:
• Ensuring security and privacy in public Wi-Fi networks.
• Addressing technical infrastructure issues in rural areas.

The correct answer is 10-12%.

Key Points

• Dry feeds typically have a moisture content of 10-12%.
• These feeds are made from dry ingredients or mixtures of dry and moist ingredients.
• The low moisture content helps in preserving the feed and preventing spoilage.
• Dry feeds are commonly used for their convenience, longer shelf life, and ease of storage.

Important Points

• Dry feeds can include mashes/meals and pellets, which are formulated to meet the nutritional needs of animals.
• The low moisture content in dry feeds contributes to their stability and reduces the risk of mold and microbial growth.

Additional Information

• 45-70%: Moisture content typical of wet feeds made from ingredients like trash fish and slaughterhouse wastes.
• 18-40%: Moisture content range for moist feeds, which are mixtures of wet and dry raw materials.
• 20-30%: Not a standard moisture content range for common animal feeds.
• 50-60%: Moisture content too high for dry feeds, more typical of highly moist or wet feeds.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

Correct chronological order: 2 → 4 → 1 → 3

• JNNURM – 2005
• National Urban Housing & Habitat Policy – 2007
• AMRUT – 2015
• Jal Jeevan Mission – 2019

The correct answer is Hisar.

Key Points

• Government Livestock Farm, Hisar, Asia's largest husbandry farm located in India, is located at Hisar of Haryana state.
• It was established in 1809.
• Major James Lumsdaine was the founder of Government Livestock Farm.
• In 2015, the Government of Haryana signed an MoU with Israel to set up the Indo-Israeli Centre of Excellence for Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Hisar at Government Livestock Farm, Hisar.
• Hisar
• The city of Hisar was founded by a Muslim ruler, Firozshah Tughlaq in 1354 A.D.
• The city we know today as Hisar was originally called Hisar Firoza or the 'Fort of Firoz'.
• Hisar is well known for its steel industry and is therefore also known as 'The City of Steel'.

Additional Information

• Haryana
• Chief Minister: Manohar Lal Khattar (as of August 2021)
• Governor: Bandaru Dattatreya (as of August 2021)
• National Park: Kalesar National Park, Sultanpur National Park
• Divisions: Ambala, Faridabad, Gurugram, Hisar, Rohtak, Karnal.
• State Animal: Black Buck
• State Bird: Black Francolin
• State Tree: Peepal
• State Flower: Lotus

The correct answer is Voluntary Vehicle Fleet Modernisation Programme.

Key Points

• The Voluntary Vehicle Fleet Modernisation Programme (V-VMP), also known as the Vehicle Scrappage Policy, was introduced by the Government of India in 2021.
• The policy aims to phase out unfit, old, and polluting vehicles to reduce environmental pollution and improve road safety.
• It mandates fitness tests for commercial vehicles older than 15 years and private vehicles older than 20 years.
• Unfit vehicles that fail the fitness test or are not re-registered will be scrapped, promoting the recycling of automotive materials.
• The initiative is expected to boost demand in the automotive industry by encouraging the purchase of new, fuel-efficient, and cleaner vehicles.

Additional Information

• Fitness Tests:
• Mandatory automated fitness tests are conducted at Registered Vehicle Scrapping Facilities (RVSFs).
• These tests ensure vehicles meet minimum environmental and safety standards.
• Benefits of the Policy:
• Reduction in air pollution caused by older, high-emission vehicles.
• Promotion of recycling industries, creating economic and environmental benefits.
• Fuel savings through the use of modern, fuel-efficient vehicles.
• Incentives for Vehicle Owners:
• Owners of scrapped vehicles are offered incentives like tax concessions and discounts on the purchase of new vehicles.
• Scrappage certificates issued to vehicle owners can be redeemed for benefits while buying new vehicles.
• Impact on the Automotive Industry:
• The policy is expected to increase demand for new vehicles, leading to growth in the automotive sector.
• It supports the Make in India initiative by encouraging domestic manufacturing.

The correct answer is Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Key Points

• The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, is part of the reforms aimed at modernizing the criminal justice delivery system in India.
• The Sanhita promotes e-filing of cases and virtual trials to facilitate faster and more efficient legal proceedings.
• Virtual trials aim to reduce logistical challenges and expedite the resolution of pending cases in the courts.
• Technological integration under BNSS is designed to enhance accessibility to justice, especially for remote and marginalized communities.
• The focus is on leveraging technology to address case backlogs and improve overall transparency in the justice system.

Additional Information

• E-filing: Refers to the electronic submission of legal documents, enabling litigants and lawyers to file cases online without physical visits to the court.
• Virtual Trials: These are court proceedings conducted via video conferencing or other digital platforms, ensuring continuity of justice even during emergencies like pandemics.
• Case Pendency: India’s judicial system faces a significant backlog of cases, with millions of cases pending across various courts, making swift reforms necessary.
• Accessibility to Justice: Leveraging technology makes the justice system more inclusive, reducing barriers for people in rural areas or those with limited resources.
• Judicial Reforms: BNSS, 2023, is part of a series of legislative updates aimed at modernizing colonial-era laws, such as replacing the Indian Penal Code (IPC), Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), and Evidence Act.

The Correct Answer is Aspergillosis.

• Except Aspergillosis, rest of the diseases are caused by a bacterial infection in poultry.
• These fungal/mycotic diseases cause significant loss to the poultry industry due to rapid production of mycotoxins which is a secondary fungal metabolite produced in grains or poultry feed.
• Birds affected by aspergillosis are usually thin, lethargic and may present with open mouth breathing.
• Aspergillosis tends to be a chronic disease but can develop quickly depending on the number of spores inhaled.
• In birds that are chronically infected, either yellow to white thickened areas or thick mats of white to green fungus are present in the lungs and air sacs.