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The Correct answer is Multi-modal connectivity.

Key Points

• PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan is a transformative initiative by the Government of India aimed at improving infrastructure planning and implementation.
• The focus is on multi-modal connectivity, which integrates various modes of transport—such as roadways, railways, waterways, and airways—to ensure seamless movement of goods and people.
• This plan aims to reduce logistics costs, enhance supply chain efficiency, and boost economic growth.
• It leverages geospatial technology and digital tools to create a unified platform for better coordination among ministries and state governments.
• The initiative also seeks to address issues like delayed infrastructure projects and overlapping efforts by different departments.
• By ensuring synchronized development, the plan contributes to improving the global competitiveness of Indian industries.
• The target sectors include transportation, energy, manufacturing, and urban development.
• The PM Gati Shakti framework aligns with India's vision of becoming a $5 trillion economy by enhancing connectivity and infrastructure development.

 Additional Information

• Rural electrification
• Rural electrification is a critical initiative to provide electricity access to rural households and villages.
• India has implemented programs such as Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana to improve electricity distribution in rural areas.
• While important for development, it is not the focus area of the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan.
• Agricultural subsidies
• Agricultural subsidies are financial aids provided by governments to support farmers and agriculture-related activities.
• These subsidies aim to reduce input costs and enhance productivity in farming.
• However, they are not directly related to multi-modal connectivity, which is the key focus of the PM Gati Shakti initiative.
• Urban development
• Urban development focuses on improving infrastructure, housing, and services within cities and towns.
• Although urban development is a significant area, the PM Gati Shakti plan has a broader scope that includes multi-modal connectivity across both urban and rural areas$.

The correct answer is All the above.

• The best examples of milch breeds of buffalo in India are Murrah, Bhadavari, Jaffarabadi

Milch breed: It is also known as milk breed. These breeds​ produce high milk yield by females where the males are slow and poor as work animals.

Example: Murrah

Dual-purpose breed: These are used for two main reasons are for milk purposes and also used as work animals in the field.

Examples for Dual-purpose breeds: Nagpuri

Important Points

Buffalo: Scientific Name: Bubalus bubalis

Family: Bovidae

Important breeds:  Murrah, Bhadavari, Jaffarabadi, Nagpuri, etc

The correct answer is 1994.

Key Points

• The Indian telecom sector was liberalized under the National Telecom Policy of 1994.
• The policy introduced private sector participation in providing telecom services, which was earlier monopolized by the government.
• It aimed to increase tele-density and improve the quality of services by allowing private players to operate in the telecom space.
• The 1994 policy laid the groundwork for further liberalization and reforms, including the entry of private companies in the telecom sector.
• This reform was a major step towards modernizing India's telecom infrastructure and ensuring widespread connectivity.

Additional Information

• Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI): Established in 1997, TRAI is responsible for regulating telecom services, including tariffs and ensuring fair competition.
• Subsequent Policies: The 1999 New Telecom Policy (NTP) further liberalized the sector and introduced revenue-sharing models instead of fixed license fees.
• Telecom Revolution: The liberalization and reforms of the 1990s paved the way for the telecom revolution in India, with rapid growth in mobile phone penetration and internet services.
• FDI in Telecom: The sector has also attracted significant foreign direct investment (FDI), with the government allowing up to 100% FDI in certain areas.
• Impact: Today, India is one of the largest telecom markets globally, with billions of subscribers and a robust digital infrastructure.

The correct answer is 2020.

Key Points

• The Aatma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan (Self-Reliant India Campaign) was launched by the Indian government in May 2020.
• It aimed to make India self-reliant by promoting local manufacturing, supply chains, and innovation.
• The campaign was introduced as a response to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
• The government announced a ₹20 lakh crore economic package (equivalent to 10% of India's GDP) under this initiative.
• The campaign focuses on five pillars: Economy, Infrastructure, System, Vibrant Demography, and Demand.

Additional Information

• Aatma Nirbhar Bharat Package:
• The package was announced in five tranches, focusing on sectors such as MSMEs, agriculture, health, and education.
• Measures included credit guarantees, tax reliefs, and direct benefit transfers to support businesses and individuals.
• Special focus was given to promoting local industries under the "Vocal for Local" initiative.
• Reforms under the Campaign:
• Structural reforms in agriculture, labor laws, and public sector enterprises were introduced.
• FDI limits in defense manufacturing were increased to promote domestic production.
• Focus was laid on enhancing the ease of doing business in India.
• Key Sectors Targeted:
• Healthcare: Strengthening healthcare infrastructure and promoting indigenous production of medical equipment.
• Agriculture: Enhancing supply chain efficiency and improving market access for farmers.
• Technology: Boosting digital infrastructure and promoting startups in tech-driven sectors.
• Impact and Vision:
• The initiative aims to reduce import dependency and position India as a global manufacturing hub.
• It aligns with the vision of a $5 trillion economy by 2024-25.
• The campaign promotes sustainability, innovation, and economic resilience in the long run$.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• Mission Daksh was launched by the Bihar Education Department.
• Aim: Identify students lagging behind in foundational learning (especially in reading, writing, arithmetic).
• Provide personalised mentoring and remedial classes so that these children can catch up to grade-level competencies.
• Special focus: Classes 3 to 8 in government schools.
• Uses structured assessment and tracking to monitor progress.

The correct answer is Virus.

• Pseudocowpox in cattle is caused by viruses.
• Caused virus: Pseudocowpox virus.
• It is a viral skin disease that occurs in cattle.

Symptoms: 

• Reddish, small, raised sores on the udders and teats of cows.
• These lead to the formation of vesicles, scabs, and nodules on the udder and teats

Important Points

Treatment

• Removal of the scabs
• Application of an astringent disinfectant after removing scabs in severe cases.
• Apply teat ointments have little effect.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

• O-SMART stands for "Ocean Services, Modelling, Application, Resources and Technology." Hence, option 4 is correct.
• It is a scheme under the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES).
• The scheme aims to promote ocean research and development, provide services such as ocean forecasting, and ensure sustainable use of marine resources.
• Key objectives include:
• Development of technologies for exploration of the deep ocean.
• Monitoring ocean parameters for climate and weather forecasting.
• Providing advisories to fishermen.
• Promoting blue economy and marine biodiversity conservation.

The correct answer is Saving and educating the girl child.

Key Points

• Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) is a flagship scheme launched by the Government of India in January 2015.
• The primary aim of the scheme is to address the declining Child Sex Ratio (CSR) and promote the survival, protection, and education of the girl child.
• It is a joint initiative by three ministries: Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), and Ministry of Education (MoE).
• The scheme focuses on community-level engagement and awareness campaigns to challenge societal norms and discrimination against girls.
• It also emphasizes ensuring girls' access to quality education and improving their overall status in society.

Additional Information

• Child Sex Ratio (CSR): CSR refers to the number of girls per 1,000 boys in the age group of 0–6 years. As per the 2011 Census, the CSR in India was 919, indicating a declining trend.
• Implementation Strategy: The scheme operates in multi-sectoral districts with poor CSR, focusing on community mobilization, institutional support, and stringent enforcement of laws like the PCPNDT Act (Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act).
• Increased Awareness: BBBP has popularized slogans like "Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao" and campaigns that encourage gender equality and educate parents about the importance of girls' education.
• Key Achievements: The scheme has led to an improvement in CSR in certain districts and increased enrollment of girls in schools, particularly at the secondary level.
• Related Programs: BBBP is synergized with other schemes like Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (a savings scheme for girl children) to provide financial security and encourage education.

The correct answer is 2021.

Key Points

• The Union Government established a separate Ministry of Cooperation in July 2021 to promote and strengthen cooperative-based economic development.
• The ministry was created with the vision of "Sahkar Se Samriddhi" (Prosperity through Cooperation), emphasizing the growth of cooperative societies in India.
• This ministry aims to provide a dedicated administrative, legal, and policy framework for the cooperative sector to enhance its reach and impact.
• The Ministry of Cooperation was initially headed by Amit Shah, who was given the additional charge as the Union Minister of Cooperation.
• It focuses on streamlining processes for the ease of doing business for cooperatives and strengthening the cooperative movement in rural and urban areas alike.

Additional Information

• Cooperative Societies:
• Cooperative societies are voluntary associations of individuals working together for common economic, social, or cultural benefits.
• They operate based on principles of mutual aid, equality, and democratic decision-making.
• Examples include agricultural cooperatives, credit unions, and housing cooperatives.
• Objectives of the Ministry of Cooperation:
• Promote cooperative societies and enhance their operational efficiency in sectors like agriculture, dairy, fisheries, and others.
• Strengthen grassroots-level cooperative societies to empower rural and semi-urban areas economically.
• Encourage digitalization and transparency in the functioning of cooperatives.
• Key Initiatives:
• The ministry supports the development of Multi-State Cooperative Societies and modernizes cooperative laws to align with global best practices.
• It prioritizes sectors like credit, marketing, and value addition to provide better income opportunities to small farmers and artisans.
• Significance:
• The cooperative sector is crucial for the socio-economic development of India, especially in rural areas.
• The Ministry of Cooperation aims to make cooperatives an integral part of India's development journey, ensuring inclusivity and collective prosperity.

The Correct answer is Rs.5 lakh.

Key Points

• Under the Ayushman Bharat Yojana, also known as the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY), eligible families are provided with health insurance coverage of up to Rs.5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary medical care.
• The scheme aims to reduce the financial burden on poor and vulnerable families for healthcare expenses and improve access to quality health services.
• It covers more than 10 crore families identified based on the Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC) data.
• The benefits under the scheme can be availed at empaneled public and private hospitals across India.
• There is no restriction on family size, age, or gender, ensuring comprehensive coverage for everyone in the family.
• The scheme includes expenses related to pre-hospitalization, hospitalization, and post-hospitalization care, along with coverage for day-care procedures and diagnostics.
• Ayushman Bharat also focuses on creating a network of Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) to provide primary healthcare services.
• The initiative is part of the Government of India’s effort to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).

 Additional Information

• Rs.10 lakh
• While Rs.10 lakh insurance coverage is not provided under Ayushman Bharat Yojana, similar high-value health insurance schemes are sometimes offered by private insurers or specific state-run programs for targeted groups.
• Rs.8 lakh
• Rs.8 lakh coverage is not part of Ayushman Bharat Yojana. However, some state governments, such as Andhra Pradesh under Aarogyasri, provide health insurance schemes with varying coverage amounts, which can be compared to PM-JAY.
• Rs.12 lakh
• Rs.12 lakh is not the coverage provided under Ayushman Bharat Yojana. Such higher coverage amounts are more commonly seen in corporate health insurance plans or specialized insurance products.