Search Previous Year Questions

The correct answer is Silver.

Key Points

• Silver is the best conductor of electricity out of the given options.

​

Additional Information

• Electrical conductors are materials that allow electricity to flow through them easily.
• An electrical conductor allows the electric charges to flow through it easily.
• The property of conductors to conduct electricity is called conductivity.
• Conducting materials allow easy transfer of charge because of the free movement of electrons through them.
• Electrical conductivity is a property of materials that determines how well a given material will conduct electricity.
• Electrical conductivity can be defined as how much voltage is required to get an amount of electric current to flow.
• This is largely determined by the number of electrons in the outermost shell; these electrons determine the ease with which mobile electrons are generated.
• Electric conductivity may be represented by the Greek letter σ (sigma), κ (kappa), or γ (gamma).
• The unit of electrical conductivity is S/m (siemens per meter) in SI units.

The correct answer is Nuclear Fission.

Key Points

• Atom Bomb is based on the principle of Nuclear Fission.

​

Additional Information

• Nuclear fission is an atomic reaction where an unstable atom disintegrates into smaller atoms.
• In nuclear fission, the nucleus of an atom breaks up into two lighter nuclei.
• The process may take place spontaneously in some cases or may be induced by the excitation of the nucleus with a variety of particles (e.g., neutrons, protons, deuterons, or alpha particles) or with electromagnetic radiation in the form of gamma rays.
• In the fission process, a large quantity of energy is released, radioactive products are formed, and several neutrons are emitted.
• These neutrons can induce fission in a nearby nucleus of fissionable material and release more neutrons that can repeat the sequence, causing a chain reaction in which a large number of nuclei undergo fission and an enormous amount of energy is released.
• If controlled in a nuclear reactor, such a chain reaction can provide power for society’s benefit.
• If uncontrolled, as in the case of the atomic bomb, it can lead to an explosion of awesome destructive force.
• That is why the atom bomb uses this principle.
• In a fusion reaction, two light nuclei merge to form a single heavier nucleus.
• The process releases energy because the total mass of the resulting single nucleus is less than the mass of the two original nuclei.
• The leftover mass becomes energy.
• The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon in which electrically charged particles are released from or within a material when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation.
• The effect is often defined as the ejection of electrons from a metal plate when light falls on it.
• A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more reactants are converted to one or more different products.

The correct answer is About 12%.

Key Points

• An area over 40 million hectares (12 per cent of land) is prone to floods.

Additional Information

• The total area of India is around 3.287 million km².
• 1 square Km is equal to 100 hectares.
• About 58.6 per cent of the landmass of India is prone to earthquakes of moderate to very high intensity.
• An area over 40 million hectares (12 per cent of land) is prone to floods.
• Out of the 7516 km, a long coastline close to 5,700 km is prone to cyclones and tsunamis.
• About 68 per cent of cultivable land is vulnerable to drought.
• About 15 per cent of our country covering over 0.49 million square kilometres is prone to landslides.
• The Himalayan and TransHimalayan mountains are susceptible to avalanches.

Source:- https://www.mha.gov.in/MHA1/Par2017/pdfs/par2015-pdfs/ls-030315/1238.pdf

The correct answer is Santalum Album.

Key Points

• The botanical name for Sandalwood is Santalum Album.

Additional Information 

• A botanical name is a scientific name given to a particular plant species.
• A botanical name is essential so that a plant species would have a particular name that is acceptable worldwide.
• The botanical name of a plant species may be comprised of one, two, or three parts.
• In two parts (binomen), it is comprised of the genus name and the specific epithet.
• The genus name is the botanical name of a plant species in the first part whereas the specific epithet is the second part.
• Shorea Robusta is the botanical name of the Sal tree.
• Cedrus Deodara is commonly known as Deodar cedar.
• Pinus Roxburghii is commonly known as Chir Pine.

The correct answer is ​All the above.

Key Points

• Disaster Management can be defined as the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and recovery to lessen the impact of disasters.
• It includes prevention, preparedness, mitigation, response, recovery, reconstruction and rehabilitation.

Additional Information

• A  disaster is a sudden accident or a natural catastrophe that causes great damage or loss of life.
• A disaster can be either a natural or man-made event and can include pandemics, technological disasters or environmental cataclysms.
• Disaster management is about organizing and directing resources to cope with a disaster and coordinating the roles and responsibilities of responders, private sector organizations, public sector agencies.
• The first people to respond to a disaster are those living in the local community.
• They are the first to start rescue and relief operations.
• The 5 Stages of the Disaster-Management Cycle:
• Prevention
• It means identifying potential hazards and devising safeguards to mitigate their impact.
• This stage in the cycle involves putting permanent measures into place that can help minimize disaster risk.
• It’s important to acknowledge that disasters can’t always be prevented.
• Mitigation
• Mitigation aims to minimize the loss of human life that would result from a disaster.
• Both structural and nonstructural measures may be taken.
• A structural measure means changing the physical characteristics of a building or an environment to curb the effects of a disaster.
• Nonstructural measures involve adopting or amending building codes to optimize safety for all future building construction.
• Preparedness
• Preparedness is an ongoing process in which individuals, communities, businesses and organizations can plan and train for what they’ll do in the event of a disaster.
• It is defined by ensuring the highest level of readiness.
• Fire drills, active-shooter drills and evacuation rehearsals are all good examples of the preparedness stage.
• Response
• The response is what happens after the disaster occurs.
• It involves both short- and long-term responses.
• During the response stage, any ongoing hazards are removed from the area.
• The disaster-management leader will coordinate the use of resources to help restore personal and environmental safety, as well as to minimize the risk of any additional property damage.
• Recovery
• Recovery can take a long time, sometimes years or decades.
• It involves stabilizing the area and restoring all essential community functions.
• Recovery requires prioritization: first, essential services like food, clean water, utilities, transportation and healthcare will be restored, with less-essential services being prioritized later.
• It is about helping individuals, communities, businesses and organizations return to normal or a new normal depending on the impact of the disaster.

The correct answer is 2005.

Key Points

• The disaster management act in India was enacted in 2005.

Additional Information

• The disaster management act 2005
• It was passed to manage disasters, including preparation of mitigation strategies, capacity-building and more.
• It defines a disaster as a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or man-made causes.
• The Act designates the Ministry of Home Affairs as the nodal ministry for steering the overall national disaster management.
• It puts into place a systematic structure of institutions at the national, state and district levels.
• It puts in place the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA).
• The NDMA is tasked with laying down disaster management policies and ensuring timely and effective response mechanisms.
• It also provides for the National Executive Committee (NEC).
• The NEC is responsible for the preparation of the National Disaster Management Plan for the whole country and to ensure that it is “reviewed and updated annually.
• It makes provision for a National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).
• The NDRF refers to trained professional units that are called upon for specialized response to disasters.
• The act contains the provisions for financial mechanisms such as the creation of funds for emergency response, the National Disaster Response Fund and similar funds at the state and district levels.
• The Act also devotes several sections to various civil and criminal liabilities resulting from a violation of provisions of the act.
• Anyone refusing to comply with orders is liable for punishment with imprisonment up to one year, or fine, or both.
• In case this refusal leads to the death of people, the person liable shall be punished with imprisonment up to two years.
• Disaster Management can be defined as the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and recovery to lessen the impact of disasters.
• It includes prevention, preparedness, mitigation, response, recovery, reconstruction and rehabilitation.

The correct answer is All the above.

Key Points

• Disaster Management Team should include
• Search and Rescue Team to rescue those who are still trapped in a disaster.
• Medical or first aid team to provide emergency treatment to the injured.
• An awareness generation team to spread the awareness and stop the panic.
• A communication team to establish the communication as soon as possible.
• An administrative team to effectively direct the resources and responsibilities.
• Any additional mission-critical units within the organization.

Additional Information

• Disaster Management can be defined as the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and recovery to lessen the impact of disasters.
• It includes prevention, preparedness, mitigation, response, recovery, reconstruction and rehabilitation.
• Disaster management is about organizing and directing resources to cope with a disaster and coordinating the roles and responsibilities of responders, private sector organizations, public sector agencies.
• The first people to respond to a disaster are those living in the local community.
• They are the first to start rescue and relief operations.
• The 5 Stages of the Disaster-Management Cycle:
• Prevention
• It means identifying potential hazards and devising safeguards to mitigate their impact.
• This stage in the cycle involves putting permanent measures into place that can help minimize disaster risk.
• It’s important to acknowledge that disasters can’t always be prevented.
• Mitigation
• Mitigation aims to minimize the loss of human life that would result from a disaster.
• Both structural and nonstructural measures may be taken.
• A structural measure means changing the physical characteristics of a building or an environment to curb the effects of a disaster.
• Nonstructural measures involve adopting or amending building codes to optimize safety for all future building construction.
• Preparedness
• Preparedness is an ongoing process in which individuals, communities, businesses and organizations can plan and train for what they’ll do in the event of a disaster.
• It is defined by ensuring the highest level of readiness.
• Fire drills, active-shooter drills and evacuation rehearsals are all good examples of the preparedness stage.
• Response
• The response is what happens after the disaster occurs.
• It involves both short- and long-term responses.
• During the response stage, any ongoing hazards are removed from the area.
• The disaster-management leader will coordinate the use of resources to help restore personal and environmental safety, as well as to minimize the risk of any additional property damage.
• Recovery
• Recovery can take a long time, sometimes years or decades.
• It involves stabilizing the area and restoring all essential community functions.
• Recovery requires prioritization: first, essential services like food, clean water, utilities, transportation and healthcare will be restored, with less-essential services being prioritized later.
• It is about helping individuals, communities, businesses and organizations return to normal or a new normal depending on the impact of the disaster.

The correct answer is Karl Benz.

Key Points

• Karl Benz is normally credited as the inventor of the petrol motor car.

Additional Information

• In the autumn of 1885, Karl Benz's three-wheeled vehicle became the first successful petrol-engine car.
• He was awarded a patent for it on 29 January 1886 and became the first motor manufacturer in 1888 with his Modell 3 Benz.
• In 1886, Gottlieb Daimler and his protégé Wilhelm Maybach built the first successful four-wheeled petrol-driven car at Bad Cannstatt.
• On 1 July 1926 Benz and Daimler merged to become Daimler-Benz AG and its products Mercedes-Benz.
• Rudolf Diesel is credited with the invention of the diesel engine.

The correct answer is All the above.

Key Points

• A virus is a small parasite that cannot reproduce by itself.
• Once it infects a susceptible cell, however, a virus can direct the cell machinery to produce more viruses.
• Most viruses have either RNA or DNA as their genetic material.
• Smallpox was a serious viral disease caused by the Variola virus.
• It was contagious.
• Smallpox was eradicated.
• Naturally occurring smallpox was destroyed worldwide by 1980.
• There's no treatment or cure for smallpox.
• A vaccine can prevent it.
• Dengue
• It is a mosquito-borne viral disease.
• Symptoms of dengue include high fever, headache, rash and muscle and joint pain.
• The virus responsible for causing dengue is called dengue virus (DENV).
• There are four DENV serotypes, meaning that it is possible to be infected four times.
• Dengue prevention and control depends on effective vector control measures.
• AIDS
• Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
• HIV damages the immune system of the affected person making him prone to life-threatening diseases.
• HIV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
• It can also be spread by contact with infected blood or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding.
• It may take years before HIV weakens your immune system to the point that you have AIDS.
• There's no cure for HIV/AIDS, but strict adherence to antiretroviral regimens (ARVs) can dramatically slow the disease's progress as well as prevent secondary infections and complications.
• Untreated, HIV typically turns into AIDS in about 8 to 10 years.

The correct answer is The Skin.

Key Points

• The largest organ in the human body is the skin.​

Additional Information

• The skin is the largest organ of the body, with a total area of about 20 square feet.
• The skin protects us from microbes and helps regulate body temperature and permits the sensations of touch, heat, and cold.
• There are three layers of the skin:
• The outermost layer of skin is the epidermis.
• It provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone.
• The skin’s colour is created by special cells called melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin.
• Melanocytes are located in the epidermis.
• The layer beneath the epidermis is the dermis.
• It contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands.
• The deeper subcutaneous tissue is the hypodermis.

Important Points

• The human brain controls nearly every aspect of the human body ranging from physiological functions to cognitive abilities.
• The brain receives and sends signals via neurons to different parts of the body.
• The brain of an adult weighs between 1.0 kg – 1.5 kg.
• The brain, along with the spinal cord, constitutes the central nervous system.
• It is responsible for thoughts, interpretation and origin of control for body movements.
• The brain can be divided into three basic units: the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain.
• The forebrain is the largest part of the brain.
• The forebrain includes Cerebrum, Hypothalamus, Thalamus.
• The forebrain controls the reproductive functions, body temperature, emotions, hunger and sleep.
• The cerebrum is the largest part of the forebrain.
• The uppermost part of the brainstem is the midbrain, which controls some reflex actions and is part of the circuit involved in the control of eye movements and other voluntary movements.
• The midbrain consists of Tectum, Tegmentum.
• The hindbrain is the lower part of the brain.
• The hindbrain is composed of Cerebellum, Medulla, Pons.
• The three regions of the hindbrain coordinate all processes necessary for survival.
• These include breathing, heartbeat, sleep, wakefulness and motor learning.
• The Human heart is a muscular organ with four chambers. 
• The heart is the size of about a clenched fist.
• It is located between the lungs in the thoracic cavity, slightly towards the left of the sternum (breastbone).
• Functions of the heart:
• To pump blood throughout the body.
• To ensure that adequate blood pressure is maintained in the body.
• Pulmonary circulation is a portion of circulation responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood away from the heart, to the lungs and then brings oxygenated blood back to the heart.
• Systemic circulation is another portion of circulation where the oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to every organ and tissue in the body, and deoxygenated blood comes back again to the heart.
• Coronary circulation is an essential portion of the circulation, where oxygenated blood is supplied to the heart.
• The human heart is divided into four chambers viz. two ventricles and two atria.
• The ventricles are the chambers that pump blood and the atrium are the chambers that receive blood.