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The logic followed here is:

LUCK is written as L2U1C3K1

Similarly,

XEROX is written as

Thus, the last digit of the code for XEROX is '4'.

Hence, "Option 1" is the correct answer.

Given:

So, the colour of human blood is 'red' which is called 'black'.

Hence, "Option 1" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is B.G.Kher.

Key Points

• Dr. Rajendra Prasad at the time the president of India appointed the Official Language Commission on June 7, 1955.
• B. G. Kher became the chairperson of the Official language commission.
• Kher was also the first chief minister of the state of Bombay after Independence.
• As defined in Article - 344 of the Constitution, it shall be the duty of the Commission to make recommendations to the President as to:
• the progressive use of the Hindi language for the official purposes of the Union.
• restrictions on the use of the English language for all or any of the official purposes of the Union.
• the language to be used for all or any of the purposes mentioned in Article 348.
• the form of numerals to be used for any one or more specified purposes of the Union.

Ans: (4)

Key Points

The Doldrums (Intertropical Convergence Zone - ITCZ)

1. Location:

• Situated around the equator, typically between 5°N and 5°S latitude.
• Encircles the Earth as a narrow belt, though it shifts slightly with the seasons.

2. Atmospheric and Climatic Features:

• Low Atmospheric Pressure: Caused by the convergence of warm air masses, which rise due to intense equatorial heating.
• Calm Winds: Known for little to no horizontal wind movement, making sailing difficult in pre-engine days.
• High Humidity: Warm, moist air creates humid conditions in this region.
• Frequent Thunderstorms: Rising air cools rapidly, leading to cloud formation and intense storms.

3. Trade Wind Convergence:

• The Doldrums form at the point where the northeast and southeast trade winds meet.
• This convergence causes vertical uplift, not horizontal motion, creating the calm.

4. Impact on Navigation:

• Historically problematic for sail-powered ships, which could get trapped due to the lack of wind.
• Sailors coined the term “doldrums” to describe the frustrating stillness.

5. Seasonal Behavior:

• The ITCZ migrates slightly north or south depending on the Earth's tilt and the Sun's position, affecting regional weather and rainfall patterns.

Ans: (1)

Key Points

Buccal Cavity – Part of the Alimentary Canal:

1. System Involved:

• The buccal cavity is a key component of the digestive system, marking the starting point of digestion.

2. Structures Found in the Buccal Cavity:

• Teeth: Involved in mechanical breakdown of food through chewing (mastication).
• Tongue: Helps in mixing food, tasting, and initiating swallowing.
• Salivary glands: Secrete saliva containing enzymes like amylase to begin carbohydrate digestion.
• Hard and Soft Palates: Separate the oral and nasal cavities and assist in swallowing.

3. Main Functions:

• Ingestion: Entry point for food into the digestive tract.
• Mastication: Chewing food to aid mechanical digestion.
• Salivation: Moistens food and starts enzymatic digestion.
• Swallowing: Forms the chewed food into a bolus and pushes it into the pharynx.

4. Alternate Names:

• Also known as the oral cavity or simply the mouth.

Ans: (1)

Key Points

Agamas – Sacred Scriptures of Jainism

1. What are Agamas?

• Agamas (or Agam Sutras) are the canonical texts of Jainism, containing the teachings of the Tirthankaras.
• Primarily preserved by the Svetambara sect, though Digambara sect has its own scriptural tradition.
• Compiled by Ganadharas, the chief disciples of Mahavira, the 24^th Tirthankara.

2. Contents of the Agamas:

• Philosophical Teachings – Concepts like karma, soul (jiva), and liberation (moksha).
• Cosmology – Detailed descriptions of the universe and time cycles.
• Ethical Conduct – Rules for monks, nuns, and lay followers.
• Religious Narratives – Stories of past lives, saints, and moral lessons.
• Scientific Concepts – Includes knowledge of mathematics, astronomy, and logic.

3. Types of Jain Literature:

• Canonical Works: Core texts (e.g., Twelve Angas) forming the religious foundation.
• Non-Canonical Works: Commentaries, narratives, and texts on rituals and philosophy.

4. Languages Used:

• Ardhamagadhi Prakrit – Primary language of early Jain scriptures.
• Others include Sanskrit, Apabhraṃśa, Tamil, and Kannada in later literature.

5. Key Jain Texts:

• Shatkhand-agam and Kasay-pahud – Important to the Digambara sect.
• Tattvārtha-sūtra – The only text accepted by both Svetambaras and Digambaras.
• Twelve Angas – Regarded as the oldest and most authoritative texts.

6. Oral Tradition and Memorization:

• Monks and nuns traditionally memorized the Agamas due to restrictions on writing or owning texts.
• This oral transmission helped preserve Jain teachings over centuries.

Ans: (1)

Key Points

Chaliyar River – Overview

1. Origin:

• Originates from: Ilambaleri (or Elambalari) Hills in the Nilgiri Mountains, part of the Western Ghats.
• Location: Near the Wayanad–Malappuram district border in Kerala.

2. River Course:

• Flows primarily through Malappuram district.
• Takes a southward route before reaching the sea.

3. Major Tributaries:

• Chaliyarpuzha
• Punnapuzha
• Kanjirapuzha
• Karimpuzha
• Iruvahnipuzha
• Thottumukkampuzha
• Together, they form the Chaliyar River drainage system.

4. Termination Point:

• The river drains into the Lakshadweep Sea at Beypore, also known as Chaliyam Harbour.

5. In the News:

• Recently highlighted due to landslides in Wayanad, where the river became a “haunting symbol” and a “floating graveyard” due to debris and destruction.

6. Other Key Facts:

• The Nilambur region along the river’s banks is noted for natural goldfields.
• The total drainage area of the Chaliyar is approximately 2,933 sq km, with 388 sq km lying in Tamil Nadu.

Ans: (3)

Key Points

Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary – Key Highlights

1. Location:

• Situated in Morigaon district, Assam.
• Lies on the southern bank of the Brahmaputra River.

2. Notable Features:

• Known for one of the highest densities of one-horned rhinoceros in the world.
• Often called “Mini Kaziranga” due to similar terrain and wildlife as Kaziranga National Park.
• Hosts diverse fauna such as:
• Leopards, leopard cats, fishing cats, jungle cats
• Feral buffaloes, wild pigs, and Chinese pangolins
• Vegetation:
• About 72% is wet savannah dominated by grasses like Arundo donax and Saccharum species.
• Remaining area includes various water bodies.

3. Recent News:

• Assam Cabinet’s move to de-notify the sanctuary was put on hold by the Supreme Court.
• The court stated the Forest Department acted without consulting key authorities like the Revenue Department and Chief Minister.
• Reports of rhinoceros straying out of the sanctuary.
• A recent case involved a rhino fatally attacking a biker outside sanctuary limits.

4. Historical Background:

• Declared a reserved forest in 1971.
• Upgraded to a wildlife sanctuary in 1987.

5. Area:

• Total protected area covers 38.81 square kilometers.

Ans: (1)

Key Points

Bailey Bridge – Key Highlights

1. What is a Bailey Bridge?

• A modular, prefabricated truss bridge designed for rapid construction in varied terrains.
• Ideal for use in emergency situations, including military and disaster scenarios.

2. Design & Structure:

• Modular Components: Built from pre-fabricated, standardized parts.
• Assembly: Uses pins and bolts, eliminating the need for heavy equipment.
• Time-Efficient: Can be constructed within hours or days, even in remote or difficult conditions.

3. Features & Advantages:

• Versatile: Suitable for military, civil, and infrastructure applications.
• Durable: Capable of withstanding heavy loads and harsh environments.
• Portable: Easily transported and assembled at the required site.

4. Historical Background:

• Invented by Sir Donald Bailey, a British engineer during World War II.
• Developed to provide a strong, portable bridge for wartime mobility and supply routes.

5. Applications:

• Military operations
• Disaster relief and rescue missions
• Civil engineering and rural connectivity
• Remote infrastructure development
• Hydropower and construction projects

6. Recent Usage in India:

• The Indian Army deployed Bailey bridges in Wayanad, Kerala for rescue operations following landslides.
• Demonstrates the bridge’s continued relevance in emergency response and terrain access.