English Comprehension PYQs

The correct answer is option 3.

Key PointsTo find out the central theme of the passage let's understand the summary of each paragraph - 

Paragraph 1 -

The first paragraph starts with the introduction of urban agriculture i.e. agricultural practices in urban and peri-urban areas and then explains the meaning of peri-urban and urban areas. It then proceeds to tell us that the practices under urban agriculture are geared towards cultivating or growing a wide range of food and non-food products, and include different activities.

 

Paragraph 2 -

The second paragraph begins by telling us that even though a variety of activities are attempted under urban agriculture it can not include the cultivation of staple foods due to the complexities involved and the requirement of vast land. It then tells us that the food that can be cultivated through urban agriculture are mainly those that contribute micronutrients and they are needed in minimal quantities and aid in the human body's growth, development, and maintenance.

 

Paragraph 3 -

The third paragraph tells us that one of the main attributes of urban agriculture is that it comprises various livelihood systems, from subsistence production at the household level to more commercialised agriculture, and it can be adapted to a wide range of urban situations and to the needs of diverse stakeholders. It then proceeds to say that urban agriculture is increasingly being adopted by cities worldwide. It ends by saying that according to United Nations’ Food and Agricultural Organization, it has a significant role in global food and nutritional security and thus, United Nations’ Food and Agricultural Organization is seeking to encourage urban agriculture through the Urban Food Agenda.

 

Paragraph 4 - 

The fourth paragraph starts by telling us about the Urban Food Agenda. Then it tells us that urban and peri-urban areas worldwide are estimated to have produced between 5 percent to 10 percent of legumes, vegetables, and tubers, and between 15 percent to 20 percent of all food in recent years. And at the end, it says that the world is urban with 68% of the global population and it is estimated to rise to 9.8 billion by 2050 and which means that the cities will consume 80% of all food produced globally.

 

Paragraph 5 -

The fifth paragraph beings by telling us that by 2050 the arable land per person will have decreased to one-third of what was available in 1970. It then proceeds to say that the social, economic, and environmental sustainability of food systems and evolution of urban diets will greatly depend on urban agriculture. Thus, the Urban Food Agenda is long overdue so ULBs and other relevant stakeholders can begin planning urban areas adequately.

 

• After understanding each of the given paragraphs we can conclude that the passage revolves around urban agriculture and its role in global food security.
• Thus, the most suitable central theme for the passage would be 'Optimizing Urban Agriculture: A pathway to food security'

 

Hint

• How to find the central theme of a passage?
• To find the central theme of a passage you need to first read the passage thoroughly and summarize it in your own words.
• You need to find the idea that is being repeatedly focused on in the entire passage.
• Look at how the passage is starting and is wrapped up at the end to find the central theme of the passage.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key PointsTo find how many errors are there in the paragraph let's have a look at each sentence of the paragraph -

 

• First Sentence -

Almost half of all health spending in India is still paid by patients themselves directly at the point of treatment, although this has dropped as the government’s share of spending on health went up significantly after 2013-14, according to the Economic Survey 2022-23.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the present tense and it talks about according to the Economic Survey 2022-23, almost half of all health spending in India is still paid by patients although this has dropped as the government’s share of spending on health went up significantly after 2013-14.
• Thus, the sentence is correct and does not contain any errors.

​

• Second Sentence -

The share of government health expenditure in total health expenditure was just 28.6% in the financial year 2013-14 but rose to 40.6% by 2018-19, the latest year for which data is available.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the past tense and it talks about the rise in the share of government in total health expenditure to 40.6% by 2018-19 as compared to only 28.6% in the financial year 2013-14.
• Thus, the sentence is correct and does not contain an error.

​

• Third Sentence -

There was a concomitant decline in out-of-pocket expenditure as a percentage of total health expenditure from 64.2% in 2013-14 to 48.2% in 2018-19.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the past tense and it talks about a consequent decline in out-of-pocket expenditure from 64.2% in 2013-14 to 48.2% in 2018-19.
• Thus, the sentence is correct and does not contain any errors.

​

• Forth Sentence -

Out-of-pocket expenditure is the money paid directly by households, at the point of receiving health care.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the present tense and it talks about the meaning of Out-of-pocket expenditure.
• Thus, the sentence is correct and does not contain any errors.

​

• Fifth Sentence -

This occurs when services are neither provided free of cost through a government health facility or is the individual covered under any public or private insurance or social protection scheme.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the present simple tense and it talks about how out-of-pocket expenditure happens when the services are neither provided free of cost through a government health facility nor is the individual covered under any public or private insurance or social protection scheme.
• Here, the conjunction 'neither' is followed by 'or' which is incorrect. The conjunction neither is used with nor and they are used to connect two or more negative alternatives.
• Thus, the sentence is erroneous and it has one error in it.
• The correct sentence would be 'This occurs when services are neither provided free of cost through a government health facility nor is the individual covered under any public or private insurance nor social protection scheme.'

 

Therefore, after reading all the sentences of the paragraph we can conclude that there is only one error in the paragraph.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key PointsTo find how many errors are there in the paragraph let's have a look at each sentence of the paragraph - 

 

• First Sentence -

The month-long Kashi Tamil Sangamam, which showcased Tamil culture, heralded a new era where ancient Indian traditions intermingle with each other and are revitalised with the help of modern practices so that they contribute to cultural and economic growth.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the simple past tense and it talks about a month-long Kashi Tamil Sangamam event where Indian traditions intermingle with one another and are revitalised with the help of modern practices so that they can contribute to cultural and economic growth of the county.
• Here, in the given sentence the use of 'each other' is incorrect because it is talking about Indian traditions intermingling and as Indian traditions is a plural term, 'one another' should be used instead.
• Use of 'each other' and 'one another' -
• 'Each other' and 'one another' are both reciprocal pronouns but 'each other' is used when only two people or things are being talked about while 'one another' is used when there are more than two people or things.
• Thus, the sentence is erroneous and it has one error in it.
• The correct sentence would be 'The month-long Kashi Tamil Sangamam, which showcased Tamil culture, heralded a new era where ancient Indian traditions intermingle with one another and are revitalised with the help of modern practices so that they contribute to cultural and economic growth.'

​

• Second Sentence -

It gave a rich cultural context to India’s mission to become a developed country by 2047.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the simple past tense and it talks about the Kashi Tamil Sangamam event giving a cultural context to India’s mission to become a developed country by 2047.
• Thus, the sentence is correct and does not contain any errors.

​

• Third Sentence -

The event carried away our tradition of Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the simple past tense and it talks about the event promoting our country's tradition of Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat.
• Here, the use of the phrase 'carried away' is incorrect in the context of the paragraph and it should be replaced with 'carried forward'.
• Difference between 'Carried away' and 'Carried forward' -
• Carried away means to lose self-control (विवेक खोना)
• For Example -
• After seeing that my favorite clothing brand was having a sale, I got carried away and spent too much money.
• Carried forward means to proceed or progress with (आगे बढ़ाना)
• For Example -
• His children carried forward his legacy.
• Thus, the sentence is erroneous and it has one error in it.
• The correct sentence would be 'The event carried forward our tradition of Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat.'

​

• Fourth Sentence -

The event will see people from all walks in life from Tamil Nadu visiting Kashi.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the simple future tense and it talks about different people from Tamil Nadu visiting Kashi for the event.
• Here, the sentence is given in future tense while the rest of the paragraph is given in past tense thus, it is incorrect, also, the phrase 'all walks in life' is incorrect and the correct phrase is 'all walks of life' which means people of different occupations or positions within society (जीवन के सभी क्षेत्रों में)
• Thus, the sentence is erroneous and it has two errors in it.
• The correct sentence would be 'The event saw people from all walks of life from Tamil Nadu visiting Kashi.'

​

• Fifth Sentence -

They experienced the city’s traditions and its iconic landmarks such as the Kashi Vishwanath temple.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the simple past tense and it talks about the people visiting Kashi from Tamil Nadu experiencing the city’s traditions and its iconic landmarks such as the Kashi Vishwanath temple.
• Thus, the sentence is correct and does not contain any errors.

​

Therefore, after reading all the sentences of the paragraph we can conclude that there are four errors in the paragraph.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key PointsTo find how many errors are there in the paragraph let's have a look at each sentence of the paragraph - 

 

• First Sentence -

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) will be declaring 2023 as the International Year of Millets.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the future perfect continuous tense and it talks about the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) declaring 2023 as the International Year of Millets.
• Here, in the given sentence is in future tense while the rest of the paragraph is in the present tense, also, the year 2023 that is mentioned in the sentence is the present year thus, the sentence should be in the present tense.
• Thus, the sentence is erroneous and it has one error in it.
• The correct sentence would be 'The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has declared 2023 as the International Year of Millets.'

​

• Second Sentence -

The Government of India and State governments, notably Karnataka and Odisha, have initiated Millet Missions.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the present perfect tense and it talks about the Government of India and State governments, notably Karnataka and Odisha initiating millet missions amid the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) declaring 2023 as the International Year of Millets.
• Thus, the sentence is correct and does not contain any errors.

​

• Third Sentence -

These policies are welcome, but nonetheless we pay attention to the economics of millet cultivation, we face a losing battle against more profitable alternatives.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the present simple tense and it talks about the policies initiated by the centre government and state governments are welcome but if we don't pay attention to the economics of millet cultivation we will face a losing battle against more profitable alternatives.
• Here, the adverb 'nonetheless' is incorrect in the context of the paragraph and it should be replaced with the conjunction 'unless'.
• Thus, the sentence is erroneous and it has one error in it.
• The correct sentence would be 'These policies are welcome, but unless we pay attention to the economics of millet cultivation, we face a losing battle against more profitable alternatives.

​

• Fourth Sentence -

Small farmers in hilly regions and dryland plains who are among poorest households in rural India are going to cultivate millets only if it gives them good returns.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the present simple tense and it talks about the small farmers in hilly regions and dryland plains who are among the poorest households in rural India and how they are only going to cultivate millet if it gives them good returns.
• Here, in the given sentence the superlative adjective 'poorest' is not preceded by the article 'the' which is incorrect.
• Thus, the sentence is erroneous and it has one error in it.
• The correct sentence would be 'Small farmers in hilly regions and dryland plains who are among the poorest households in rural India are going to cultivate millets only if it gives them good returns.'
• Fifth Sentence -

Adequate public support can make millet cultivation profitable, ensure supply for the PDS, and, ultimately, provide nutrition benefits to a wide section of the population.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the present tense and it talks about how adequate public support can make millet cultivation profitable and ultimately, provide nutrition benefits to a large section of the population.
• Thus, the sentence is correct and does not contain any errors.

 

Therefore, after reading all the sentences of the paragraph we can conclude that there are three errors in the paragraph.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key PointsTo find how many errors are there in the paragraph let's have a look at each sentence of the paragraph - 

• First sentence -

Google researchers have developed an AI tool, MusicLM, that can generate high-quality music from text descriptions.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the present perfect tense and it talks about Google researchers developing an AI tool named MusicLM that can generate high-quality music from text descriptions.
• Thus, the sentence is correct and does not contain any errors.

​

• Second Sentence -

The AI model generates music at 24 kHz that remains consistent over several minutes.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the present simple tense and it talks about the AI model developed by Google generating music at 24 kHz that remains consistent over several minutes.
• Thus, the sentence is correct and does not contain any errors.

​

• Third sentence -

It outperforms previous systems both in audio quality and adherence to the text descriptions.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the present simple tense and it talks about the AI tool developed by Google performing better than previous systems in audio quality as well as adherence to the text descriptions.
• Thus, the sentence is correct and does not contain an error.

​

• Fourth Sentence -

The tech company however does not have any plans to releasing the model right now as it acknowledged that there are several risks associated with the new model and the use case it tackles.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the present simple tense and it talks about the tech company i.e. Google not planning to release the model right now as it realized that there are many risks associated with it.
• Here, in the given sentence after 'to' the verb 'release' is given as its present participle which is incorrect, and as per English grammar rules, after the word 'to' we use the base form of the verb.
• Thus, the sentence is erroneous and it has one error in it.
• The correct sentence would be 'The tech company however does not have any plans to release the model right now as it acknowledged that there are several risks associated with the new model and the use case it tackles.'

​

• Fifth Sentence -

Google's AI tool is certainly not the first generative artificial intelligence system for songs.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the present simple tense and it talks about Google's AI tool not being the first generative artificial intelligence system for songs.
• Thus, the sentence is correct and does not contain an error.

​

• Sixth Sentence -

There have been other attempts, including Riffusion, an AI that composes music by visualizing it, as well as Dance Diffusion, Google’s own AudioML, and OpenAI’s Jukebox.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the present perfect tense and it talks about the other attempts in the field of artificial intelligence system for songs.
• Thus, the sentence is correct and does not contain an error.

​

Therefore, after reading all the sentences of the paragraph we can conclude that there is only one error in the paragraph.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key PointsTo find how many errors are there in the paragraph let's have a look at each sentence of the paragraph - 

 

• First Sentence -

Sickle Cell Anaemia is a common genetic disorder among Indians effecting the red blood cells.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the present simple tense and it talks about Sickle Cell Anaemia and how it's a common genetic disorder among Indians that affects the red blood cells.
• Here, the use of the word 'effecting' is wrong in the context of the sentence and it should be replaced with 'affecting'
• Difference between 'affect' and 'effect' -
• 'Affect' is a verb that means have an effect on; make a difference to. (प्रभावित करना)
• 'Effect' is a noun that means a change that is a result or consequence of an action or other cause. (प्रभाव)
• Thus, the sentence is erroneous and it has one error in it.
• The correct sentence would be 'Sickle Cell Anaemia is a common genetic disorder among Indians affecting the red blood cells.'

​

• Second Sentence -

It is transmitted by parents carrying a defective ‘beta globin’ gene.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the present simple tense and it talks about Sickle Cell Anaemia being transmitted by parents carrying a defective ‘beta globin’ gene.
• Thus, the sentence is correct and does not contain any errors.

​

• Third Sentence -

The disease start early in life.

• Here, the subject of the sentence is 'the disease i.e. Sickle Cell Anaemia and thus the verb 'start' should have an 's' at the end of it as per the rules of the present simple tense.
• Thus, the sentence is erroneous and it has one error in it.
• The correct sentence would be 'The disease starts early in life.'

​

• Fourth Sentence -

Those affected have persistent pain, low amount of haemoglobin, low energy, reduced growth along with other abnormalities, and multiple episodes of frequently severe pain.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the present perfect tense and it talks about the symptoms of Sickle Cell Anaemia.
• Here, the adjective 'severe' is preceded by the adverb 'frequently' which is incorrect and should be replaced with the adjective 'frequent'.
• Thus, the sentence is erroneous and it has one error in it.
• The correct sentence would be 'Those affected have persistent pain, low amount of haemoglobin, low energy, reduced growth along with other abnormalities, and multiple episodes of frequent severe pain.'

​

• Fifth Sentence -

Like most genetic disorders, SCA has no cure but has symptomatic treatments for pain, anaemia, and vaso-occlusive crisis.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the present perfect tense and it talks about how like most other genetic disorders, Sickle Cell Anaemia also doesn't have any cure but has symptomatic treatments for pain, anaemia, and vaso-occlusive crisis.
• Thus, the sentence is correct and does not contain any errors.

​

• Sixth Sentence -

The disease is well-known in tribal populations as well as prevalent in general populations in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha.

• After reading the above sentence we can conclude that it is given in the present simple tense and it talks about how Sickle Cell Anaemia is prominent in tribal populations and also, prevalent in general populations in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha.
• Thus, the sentence is correct and does not contain any errors.

​

Therefore, after reading all the sentences of the paragraph we can conclude that there are three errors in the paragraph.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

The correct sequence is CEAFBD.

• Sentence C is the first sentence as it is not connected with any other sentence and it is giving the introduction of the passage. It talks about how there was a time when buying second-hand was frowned upon while today it is the talk of the luxury-burg town.
• Sentence E is the second sentence as it proceeds to tell us that revered watch and couture brands are hopping on the trend of pre-loved fashion. Thus, this sentence is in continuation with sentence C.
• Sentence A is the third sentence because, in continuation with sentence E, it further talks about how the coveted watch brand Rolex which is considered a traditionalist luxury label has kicked off a certified pre-owned programme.
• Sentence F is the fourth sentence because it talks about the statement given by the Rolex company and thus, it is in continuation with sentence A.
• Sentence B is the fifth sentence as it mentions that the pre-owned watch market is likely to grow according to a recent report by Deloitte and thus, this sentence would come after the mention of the pre-owned programme by Rolex and the statement given by it.
• Sentence D is the last sentence because it further talks about the pre-owned watch market and thus, it is in continuation with sentence B.

The completed paragraph would be 'There was a time when buying second-hand or what is now called pre-loved fashion, was frowned upon, today, it is the talk of the luxury-burg town. There was a time when buying second-hand or what is now called pre-loved fashion, was frowned upon, today, it is the talk of the luxury-burg town. Coveted watch brand Rolex, seen as a traditionalist luxury label, kicked off a certified pre-owned programme in Europe in December 2022. In its announcement, the company stated that the watches will benefit from the exacting quality criteria inherent to all its products, adding: “Because they are built to last, Rolex watches often live several lives.” According to a recent Deloitte report, the pre-owned watch market is likely to grow to CHF 35 billion (Swiss francs) and make up more than half of the primary market by 2030. This market will be driven _________ who prefer to shop online and have a penchant for pre-owned luxury due to price sensitivity and sustainability.'

Therefore, the correct answer is 'CEAFBD'.

The correct answer is option 5.

Key Points

The correct sequence is CEAFBD.

• Sentence C is the first sentence as it is not connected with any other sentence and it is giving the introduction of the passage. It talks about how there was a time when buying second-hand was frowned upon while today it is the talk of the luxury-burg town.
• Sentence E is the second sentence as it proceeds to tell us that revered watch and couture brands are hopping on the trend of pre-loved fashion. Thus, this sentence is in continuation with sentence C.
• Sentence A is the third sentence because, in continuation with sentence E, it further talks about how the coveted watch brand Rolex which is considered a traditionalist luxury label has kicked off a certified pre-owned programme.
• Sentence F is the fourth sentence because it talks about the statement given by the Rolex company and thus, it is in continuation with sentence A.
• Sentence B is the fifth sentence as it mentions that the pre-owned watch market is likely to grow according to a recent report by Deloitte and thus, this sentence would come after the mention of the pre-owned programme by Rolex and the statement given by it.
• Sentence D is the last sentence because it further talks about the pre-owned watch market and thus, it is in continuation with sentence B.

So, the fourth sentence would be F, and as it is not given in options the correct answer would be 'None of these'.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

To answer this question let's try to understand what the given sentence is saying - 

This market will be driven _________ who prefer to shop online and have a penchant for pre-owned luxury due to price sensitivity and sustainability.

• Here, the market that is being talked about is the pre-owned watch market and according to the given sentence, it will be driven by people who prefer to shop online and have a penchant for pre-owned luxury due to price sensitivity and sustainability.
• After understanding the sentence we can conclude that out of all the given options, option 3 i.e. by younger consumers fits well grammatically and meaningfully with the context of the sentence as young people love to shop online and they are also looking for price sensitivity and sustainability.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'by younger consumers'.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

The correct sequence is CEAFBD.

To answer this question let's first understand the third and fourth sentences - 

• After rearrangement, the third sentence is A.
• Sentence A - Coveted watch brand Rolex, seen as a traditionalist luxury label, kicked off a certified pre-owned programme in Europe in December 2022.
• This sentence talks about how the coveted watch brand Rolex has started a certified pre-owned programme.
• After rearrangement, the fourth sentence is F.
• Sentence F - In its announcement, the company stated that the watches will benefit from the exacting quality criteria inherent to all its products, adding: “Because they are built to last, Rolex watches often live several lives.”
• This sentence talks about the announcement made by Rolex that the pre-owned watches will benefit from the exacting quality criteria inherent to all its products.
• After understanding both sentences we can conclude that the most suitable sentence between the third and fourth sentences would be option 4.
• Option 4 - With it, Rolex offers pre-loved watches, certified by the brand with a two-year international guarantee, valid from the date of resale in the Rolex network.
• This sentence talks about how the pre-loved watches by Rolex will be certified by the brand with a two-year international guarantee. Thus, it is in continuation with the third sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'With it, Rolex offers pre-loved watches, certified by the brand with a two-year international guarantee, valid from the date of resale in the Rolex network.'

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

The correct sequence is CEAFBD.

To answer this question let's first understand the fifth and sixth sentences - 

• After rearrangement, the fifth sentence is B.
• Sentence B - According to a recent Deloitte report, the pre-owned watch market is likely to grow to CHF 35 billion (Swiss francs) and make up more than half of the primary market by 2030.
• This sentence talks about the report by Deloitte that states that the pre-owned watch market is likely to grow in the upcoming years and will make up more than half of the primary market by 2030.
• After rearrangement, the sixth sentence is D.
• Sentence D - This market will be driven _________ who prefer to shop online and have a penchant for pre-owned luxury due to price sensitivity and sustainability.
• This sentence talks about the driving factor of the pre-owned watch market which will be people who prefer to shop online and like pre-owned luxury due to price sensitivity and sustainability.
• After understanding both sentences we can conclude that the most suitable sentence between the fifth and sixth sentences would be option 2.
• Option 2 - The growth will be supported by brands launching their very own new pre-owned offerings, the expansion of existing channels, and consumers looking for discontinued timepieces.
• This sentence talks about how the growth in the pre-owned watch market will be supported by brands launching their very own new pre-owned offerings. Thus, it is in continuation with the fifth sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'The growth will be supported by brands launching their very own new pre-owned offerings, the expansion of existing channels, and consumers looking for discontinued timepieces.'

The correct answer is 'Only A'.

Key Points

• We use the connector  'the fact' to add more detailed information to what has just been said.
• For example:- "despite the fact that I'm so tired, sleep is elusive"
• In statement I, one fact is given regarding Anna Shahkot’s receptions, and another factual statement regarding the same is mentioned in statement

II. - We will not use the connector 'indeed' as it is not joining the two sentences correctly.

• Hence we will use 'connector A' to connect the sentences.

 Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information 

• However is used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or seems to contradict something that has been said previously.
• However is a contrast category connector. 
• For example:- "People tend to put on weight in middle age. However, gaining weight is not inevitable"
• We use the connector 'Indeed' to emphasize a statement or response confirming something already suggested.
• For example:- "it was not expected to last long, and indeed it took less than three weeks"

The correct answer is 'A-C and F-E'.

Key Points

• In sentence I the word 'elegant' is wrongly placed as it is not contextually correct.
• Elegant means graceful and stylish in appearance or manner.
• Example:- "she will look elegant in black"
• distinguished means very successful, authoritative, and commanding great respect.
• Example:- "a distinguished American educationist"
• After replacing the word C with the word A we can derive the meaning of the sentence grammatically and contextually correct.
• In sentence II, the sentence structure 'political person' is not giving us a precise meaning.
• Political means relating to the government or public affairs of a country. 
• Example:- "a period of political and economic stability"
• Compelling means evoking interest, attention, or admiration in a powerfully irresistible way. 
• Example:- "his eyes were strangely compelling"
• After replacing the word F with the word E we can derive the meaning of the sentence grammatically and contextually correct.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'A-C and D-E'.

Key Points

• In sentence I the words A and C are wrongly placed.
• relationships mean the way in which two or more people or things are connected or the state of being connected.
• Example:- "the study will assess the relationship between unemployment and political attitudes"
• Interpretation means the action of explaining the meaning of something.
• Example:- "the interpretation of data"
• After replacing the word C with the word A we can derive the meaning of the sentence correctly.
• In sentence II, the words D and E are wrongly placed.
• interactions mean reciprocal action or influence. 
• Example:- "ongoing interaction between the two languages"
• Benevolent means well-meaning and kind. 
• Example:- "he was something of a benevolent despot"
• After replacing the word D with the word E we can derive the meaning of the sentence correctly.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'Rather than'.

Key Points

• We use 'rather than' to give more importance to one thing when two alternatives or preferences are being compared
• For example:- He wanted to be an actor rather than a comedian.
• It is given in the first sentence that "Corrupt interpretations of Confucianism by heteronormative men have historically championed these ideas in terms of vertical relationships" and in the second sentence "a reciprocal set of benevolent social interactions" is given.
• After connecting both sentences with 'rather than' the contextual meaning gets clear, and we get to know that more importance is given to the alternative mentioned in **sentence 1. i.e. '**in terms of vertical relationships'.
• Hence we will use the connector 'Rather than' to connect the sentences.

 Hence, the correct answer is Option 4.

Additional Information

• Because: for the reason that; since.
• Yet: up until the present or a specified or implied time; by now or then.
• But: used to introduce a phrase or clause contrasting with what has already been mentioned.

The correct answer is 'is being able to understand what is being taught '.

Key Points

• The sentence states that "(teachers) are focusing only on completing the syllabus, not on ___"
• The focus is not on the quality of the education but on the quantity of what is being taught.
• Hence, the blank will need the phrase which will link the given sentence.
• In option 1, it is given that 'is being able to understand what is not taught' 
• When we check option 1 in the blank we will get the meaning as "(teachers) are focusing only on completing the syllabus, not on understanding whether the student is being able to understand what is not taught"
• Students can not understand anything which is not taught to them.
• Hence, option 1 is contextually incorrect.
• In option 2, it is given that 'is being able to judge whether the school is reducing the fees or not' ​
• ​When we check option 2 in the blank we will get the meaning as "(teachers) are focusing only on completing the syllabus, not on understanding whether the student is being able to judge whether the school is reducing the fees or not"
• There is no relation between the syllabus completion by teachers and the ability of students to judge the fees structure of the school'
• Hence, option 2 is contextually incorrect.
• In option 3, it is given that 'is being able to know whether the school is organising the fest or not. ​
• ​When we check option 3 in the blank we will get the meaning as "(teachers) are focusing only on completing the syllabus, not on understanding whether the student is being able to know whether the school is organising the fest or not."
• There is no relation between the syllabus completion by teachers and the ability of students to know whether the school is organising the fest or not.
• Hence, option 3 is contextually incorrect.
• In option 4, it is given that 'is being able to perform well or not'. ​
• ​When we check option 4 in the blank we will get the meaning as "(teachers) are focusing only on completing the syllabus, not on understanding whether the student is being able to perform well or not."
• The context here in the sentence is about understanding the syllabus not of performing well.
• Hence, option 4 is contextually incorrect.
• In option 5, it is given that 'is being able to understand what is being taught.'. ​
• ​When we check option 5 in the blank we will get the meaning as "(teachers) are focusing only on completing the syllabus, not on understanding whether the student is being able to understand what is being taught."
• The context here in the sentence is about understanding the syllabus.
• Hence, option 5 is contextually correct.
• Therefore, the most appropriate option is option 5 i.e. " is being able to understand what is being taught".

Hence, the correct answer is Option 5.

Additional Information

• 'Being able to'  is a present participle and gerund of 'be able to'.
• for example:-  I hate being able to have a wash, get wet clothes dry, and having to walk in mud every day.

The correct answer is 'for the poor appear increasingly dismal'.

Key Points

• The sentence states that "there is an increase in the use of machinery for the construction work hence employment prospect ___"
• Hence, the blank will need the phrase which will link the given sentence.
• In option 1, it is given that 'for the poor appearing increasingly dismal.' 
• When we check option 1 in the blank we will get the meaning as "there is an increase in the use of machinery for the construction work hence employment prospects for the poor appearing increasingly dismal."
• This option is grammatically incorrect as the subject (employment prospects) is plural hence verb will also be plural.
• Hence, option 1 is grammatically incorrect.
• In option 2, it is given that 'for the poor appear increasingly dismal.' ​
• ​When we check option 2 in the blank we will get the meaning as "there is an increase in the use of machinery for the construction work hence employment prospects for the poor appear increasingly dismal."
• After checking option 2 we can conclude that it fits in the blank correctly as per context and grammar.
• Hence, option 2 is contextually and grammatically correct.
• In option 3, it is given that 'for them poor appear increasingly dismal.'. ​
• ​When we check option 3 in the blank we will get the meaning as "there is an increase in the use of machinery for the construction work hence employment prospects for them poor appear increasingly dismal."
• This option is grammatically incorrect as 'them' should be replaced by article 'the'.
• Hence, option 3 is grammatically incorrect.
• In option 4, it is given that 'for the poor appear increasing dismal.'. ​
• ​When we check option 4 in the blank we will get the meaning as "there is an increase in the use of machinery for the construction work hence employment prospects for the poor appear increasing dismal."
• This option is grammatically incorrect as 'increasing' is a verb and it should be replaced by the adjective 'increasingly'.
• Hence, option 4 is grammatically incorrect.
• In option 5, it is given that 'for these poor appear increasing dismal'. ​
• ​When we check option 5 in the blank we will get the meaning as "there is an increase in the use of machinery for the construction work hence employment prospects for these poor appear increasing dismal."
• This option is grammatically incorrect as 'increasing' is a verb and it should be replaced by the adjective 'increasingly'. 'these' should be replaced by 'the'.
• Hence, option 5 is grammatically incorrect.
• Therefore, the most appropriate option is option 2 i.e. "for the poor appear increasingly dismal.".

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is 'it did not release funds for payment of salaries'.

Key Points

• The given sentence talks about the financial matter as the government has warned to attach the bank accounts.
• The blank follows the sentence "of municipal school teachers in east and north Delhi." states that the sentence in the blank will be related to the teachers.
• The phrase given in option 4 is grammatically and contextually correct for the blank as it states that "it did not release funds for payment of salaries of municipal school teachers in the east and north Delhi."
• The most appropriate option that goes with it is option 4, i.e. " it did not release funds for payment of salaries".
• Thus, the correct answer is -  The high court on Wednesday warned the Delhi government of attacking its bank accounts if it did not release funds for payment of salaries of municipal school teachers in east and north Delhi.

Thus, the correct answer is Option 4.

Additional Information

• In statement 1,  it is not appropriate as in the object part we can see we are talking about teachers' income, not about students' income. Therefore, it is wrong.
• In statement 2, it is not appropriate as a joint account needs two people or institutions but in the sentence given, we have only one.
• In statement 3, it is not appropriate as the proposition 'of' gets repeated.
• In statement 5, it is not appropriate as the sentence 'school fest of municipal school teachers' is not proper and not meaningful.
• Thus, Statement 4 is the only statement that fits the blank.

The correct option is 2) i.e DCEA  -  this arrangement forms a coherent paragraph.

Key Points

How to attempt: In this type of questions, take a bird's eye view, find out the common theme which is described in all statements, and rearrange the jumbled up sentences. The statement which is not contributing to the main theme of the passage needs to be kept out.

After going through the five sentences given above, we can easily mark sentence B as the odd one because it is talking about the coal plant that is irrelevant to our paragraph which is mainly concerned with the equality for women in Africa.

The complete paragraph is given below:

Girls in Africa are being “condemned to a lifetime of discrimination and inequality” due to government failures, according to new data. High rates of child marriage and malnutrition, and very low levels of school enrolment made Chad and South Sudan the worst places in Africa to be born a girl. In contrast, Mauritius was the best, being among the countries to have reformed their laws on girls’ rights, and harmonised them with international standards. The island nation has the highest rate of pre-primary education and all pregnant teenagers have access to antenatal care.

The correct option is 2) i.e DCBE  -  this arrangement forms a coherent paragraph.

Key Points

How to attempt: In this type of questions, take a bird's eye view, find out the common theme which is described in all statements, and rearrange the jumbled up sentences. The statement which is not contributing to the main theme of the passage needs to be kept out.

After going through the five sentences given above, we can easily mark sentence A as the odd one because it is talking about the water shortage that is irrelevant to our paragraph which is mainly concerned with UK's nuclear sites costing taxpayers 'astronomical sums'.

The complete paragraph is given below: 

The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) has a perpetual lack of knowledge about the state and location of waste on the 17 sites it is responsible for making safe, a powerful committee of MPs has found. This results from decades of poor record-keeping and weak government oversight, the MPs said. Combined with a “sorry saga” of incompetence and failure, this has left taxpayers footing the bill for “astronomical sums”, they said. The NDA acknowledges that it still does not have full understanding of the condition of its sites, including 10 closed Magnox stations from Dungeness in Kent to Hunterston in Ayrshire, the MPs report said.