English Comprehension PYQs

The correct answer is 'engineering'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence describes the B-2 Spirit as representing a "pinnacle of aerospace ____ (1)." We need a word that signifies the highest achievement or excellence in the field of aircraft development and technology.
• Engineering refers to the application of scientific and mathematical principles to design, build, and maintain structures, machines, and other items. The creation of a highly complex and technologically advanced aircraft like the B-2 Spirit is fundamentally a triumph of engineering. "Pinnacle of aerospace engineering" accurately conveys the culmination of advanced scientific knowledge and practical application.
• Art (Option 2) is not a suitable term for technical and scientific achievement in aerospace.
• Design (Option 3) is a component of engineering, but "engineering" is a broader term that encompasses the entire process from conceptualization to realization, making it a more comprehensive fit for a "pinnacle."
• Machinery (Option 4) refers to machines collectively, but doesn't capture the intellectual and developmental achievement.
• Manufacturing (Option 5) refers to the production process, not the intellectual and scientific achievement in developing the aircraft.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Complete Passage: *The B-2 Spirit, commonly known as the Stealth Bomber, represents a pinnacle of aerospace 1. engineering. Designed with a distinctive flying wing configuration, its primary mission is to 2. _____through enemy air defenses undetected. This incredible stealth capability is achieved through a combination of radar-absorbent materials, a unique aerodynamic design that minimizes its radar cross-section, and sophisticated electronic warfare systems.

Each B-2 bomber is capable of carrying a massive 3. _____of both conventional and nuclear weapons, making it a critical asset in strategic military operations. The aircraft's operational 4. _____is further enhanced by its ability to refuel in mid-air, allowing for global reach. Despite its immense power, the B-2 requires highly specialized maintenance and operation, a testament to its complex 5. . It remains a symbol of technological 6. ****in modern aerial warfare.*

 

Additional Information

• Art: The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination.
• Design: A plan or drawing produced to show the look and function or workings of a building, garment, or other object before it is made.
• Machinery: Machines collectively; the working parts of a machine.
• Manufacturing: The making of articles on a large scale using machinery.

The correct answer is 'penetrate'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence describes the primary mission of the B-2: "its primary mission is to ____ (2) through enemy air defenses undetected."
• Penetrate means to succeed in forcing a way into or through something. This precisely describes the B-2's ability to get past enemy defenses without being detected, which is the core concept of stealth. The B-2 is designed to bypass or get "through" sophisticated defense systems covertly.
• Avoid (Option 2) suggests staying away from defenses, but the B-2's mission often requires it to go into or through defended airspace, albeit undetected.
• Fly (Option 3) is too general; all aircraft fly. This doesn't specify the unique aspect of the B-2's mission.
• Attack (Option 4) is the ultimate purpose of a bomber, but the blank describes the action of getting through the defenses undetected, which is a prerequisite to attacking, not the attack itself in this context.
• Hover (Option 5) means to remain in one place in the air, which is not characteristic of a bomber's mission, especially when dealing with air defenses.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Complete Passage: *The B-2 Spirit, commonly known as the Stealth Bomber, represents a pinnacle of aerospace 1. engineering. Designed with a distinctive flying wing configuration, its primary mission is to 2. penetrate through enemy air defenses undetected. This incredible stealth capability is achieved through a combination of radar-absorbent materials, a unique aerodynamic design that minimizes its radar cross-section, and sophisticated electronic warfare systems.

Each B-2 bomber is capable of carrying a massive 3. _____of both conventional and nuclear weapons, making it a critical asset in strategic military operations. The aircraft's operational 4. _____is further enhanced by its ability to refuel in mid-air, allowing for global reach. Despite its immense power, the B-2 requires highly specialized maintenance and operation, a testament to its complex 5. . It remains a symbol of technological 6. ****in modern aerial warfare.*

 

Additional Information

• Avoid: To keep away from.
• Fly: To move through the air.
• Attack: To take aggressive action against.
• Hover: To remain in one place in the air.

The correct answer is 'payload'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence states: "Each B-2 bomber is capable of carrying a massive ____ (3) of both conventional and nuclear weapons".
• In the context of aircraft or rockets, the specific term for the total weight of the cargo, passengers, or equipment (especially weapons or instruments) that a vehicle is designed to carry is payload. This is the most accurate and technical term used to describe the carrying capacity of military aircraft for weapons.
• Load (Option 1) is a more general term for something carried, but less specific than "payload" in an aerospace context.
• Quantity (Option 2) refers to an amount, but doesn't specifically denote what is carried by a vehicle.
• Arsenal (Option 3) refers to a collection of weapons or a place where they are made/stored, not the amount an aircraft carries on a single mission.
• Collection (Option 5) is similar to arsenal, implying a group gathered, not the capacity of a vehicle.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Complete Passage: *The B-2 Spirit, commonly known as the Stealth Bomber, represents a pinnacle of aerospace 1. engineering. Designed with a distinctive flying wing configuration, its primary mission is to 2. penetrate through enemy air defenses undetected. This incredible stealth capability is achieved through a combination of radar-absorbent materials, a unique aerodynamic design that minimizes its radar cross-section, and sophisticated electronic warfare systems.

Each B-2 bomber is capable of carrying a massive 3. payload of both conventional and nuclear weapons, making it a critical asset in strategic military operations. The aircraft's operational 4. _____is further enhanced by its ability to refuel in mid-air, allowing for global reach. Despite its immense power, the B-2 requires highly specialized maintenance and operation, a testament to its complex 5. . It remains a symbol of technological 6. ****in modern aerial warfare.*

 

Additional Information

• Load: A quantity, typically a large one, of something carried or to be carried.
• Quantity: The amount or number of a material or abstract thing not usually estimated by spatial extent or individual items.
• Arsenal: A collection of weapons and military equipment.
• Collection: A group of things or people.

The correct answer is 'range'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence states: "The aircraft's operational ____ (4) is further enhanced by its ability to refuel in mid-air, allowing for global reach."
• Range refers to the maximum distance an aircraft can travel from its base without needing to land for fuel. Mid-air refueling directly extends this capability, enabling the aircraft to cover much greater distances and thus achieve "global reach." This term directly links the action (mid-air refueling) to the outcome (global reach).
• Speed (Option 2) refers to how fast the aircraft travels, not how far it can go. Mid-air refueling does not primarily enhance speed.
• Efficiency (Option 3) refers to performing with minimum waste of time or effort. While refueling can improve mission efficiency, "global reach" is about distance, not primarily efficiency.
• Flexibility (Option 4) refers to adaptability. While refueling offers operational flexibility, "global reach" is specifically about covering vast distances.
• Endurance (Option 5) refers to the ability to remain airborne for an extended period. While mid-air refueling certainly enhances endurance, the phrase "allowing for global reach" specifically points to the geographical distance covered, for which "range" is the most precise term. Longer endurance enables longer range.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Complete Passage: *The B-2 Spirit, commonly known as the Stealth Bomber, represents a pinnacle of aerospace 1. engineering. Designed with a distinctive flying wing configuration, its primary mission is to 2. penetrate through enemy air defenses undetected. This incredible stealth capability is achieved through a combination of radar-absorbent materials, a unique aerodynamic design that minimizes its radar cross-section, and sophisticated electronic warfare systems.

Each B-2 bomber is capable of carrying a massive 3. payload of both conventional and nuclear weapons, making it a critical asset in strategic military operations. The aircraft's operational 4. range is further enhanced by its ability to refuel in mid-air, allowing for global reach. Despite its immense power, the B-2 requires highly specialized maintenance and operation, a testament to its complex 5. . It remains a symbol of technological 6. ****in modern aerial warfare.*

 

Additional Information

• Speed: The rate at which someone or something is able to move or operate.
• Efficiency: The state or quality of being efficient.
• Flexibility: The quality of bending easily without breaking.
• Endurance: The fact or power of enduring an unpleasant or difficult process or situation without giving way.

The correct answer is 'systems'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence states: "Despite its immense power, the B-2 requires highly specialized maintenance and operation, a testament to its complex ____ (5)." This blank refers to the inherent quality of the B-2 that makes it complex to maintain and operate.
• Systems refers to the various interconnected components and functionalities that make up the aircraft (e.g., flight control systems, navigation systems, stealth systems, electronic warfare systems, weapon systems). The B-2's cutting-edge capabilities are derived from its highly sophisticated and integrated systems, which naturally demand specialized maintenance and operation.
• Mechanics (Option 1) refers to the way parts work together or the underlying principles, which is part of the complexity, but "systems" is a more direct noun for the complex entities themselves.
• Structure (Option 2) refers to its physical build. While its structure is complex, the specialized maintenance is also heavily due to its electronic and other advanced, non-structural components.
• Blueprint (Option 4) refers to the design plan, not the inherent complexity of the realized aircraft.
• Purpose (Option 5) refers to its function, not the reason for its operational complexity.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Complete Passage: *The B-2 Spirit, commonly known as the Stealth Bomber, represents a pinnacle of aerospace 1. engineering. Designed with a distinctive flying wing configuration, its primary mission is to 2. penetrate through enemy air defenses undetected. This incredible stealth capability is achieved through a combination of radar-absorbent materials, a unique aerodynamic design that minimizes its radar cross-section, and sophisticated electronic warfare systems.

Each B-2 bomber is capable of carrying a massive 3. payload of both conventional and nuclear weapons, making it a critical asset in strategic military operations. The aircraft's operational 4. range is further enhanced by its ability to refuel in mid-air, allowing for global reach. Despite its immense power, the B-2 requires highly specialized maintenance and operation, a testament to its complex 5. systems. It remains a symbol of technological 6. _____in modern aerial warfare.*

 

Additional Information

• Mechanics: The way in which a machine or system works, or the study of this.
• Structure: The arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of something complex.
• Blueprint: A design plan or other technical drawing.
• Purpose: The reason for which something is done or created or for which something exists.

The correct answer is 'prowess'.

 

Key Points

• The sentence concludes: "It remains a symbol of technological ____ (6) in modern aerial warfare." This implies that the B-2 represents the highest level of technological skill, ability, or excellence that provides a significant advantage.
• Prowess refers to skill or expertise in a particular activity or field; it denotes superior ability or mastery. In this context, "technological prowess" indicates that the B-2 embodies a very high level of technological capability and effectiveness in warfare, making it a leading symbol.
• Progress (Option 1) refers to advancement, but "prowess" implies a more definitive peak or superior ability achieved.
• Achievement (Option 3) means something successfully done. While the B-2 is a technological achievement, "prowess" highlights the skill and capability demonstrated.
• Sophistication (Option 4) refers to complexity and intricacy. While the B-2 is technologically sophisticated, "prowess" better conveys its effectiveness and leading position in the field.
• Novel (Option 5) means new and unusual. While the B-2 was novel, this refers to its newness, not its ongoing status as a symbol of peak technological ability.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 

Complete Passage: *The B-2 Spirit, commonly known as the Stealth Bomber, represents a pinnacle of aerospace 1. engineering. Designed with a distinctive flying wing configuration, its primary mission is to 2. penetrate through enemy air defenses undetected. This incredible stealth capability is achieved through a combination of radar-absorbent materials, a unique aerodynamic design that minimizes its radar cross-section, and sophisticated electronic warfare systems.

Each B-2 bomber is capable of carrying a massive 3. payload of both conventional and nuclear weapons, making it a critical asset in strategic military operations. The aircraft's operational 4. range is further enhanced by its ability to refuel in mid-air, allowing for global reach. Despite its immense power, the B-2 requires highly specialized maintenance and operation, a testament to its complex 5. systems. It remains a symbol of technological 6. prowess in modern aerial warfare.*

 

Additional Information

• Progress: Forward or onward movement toward a destination.
• Achievement: A thing done successfully, typically by effort, courage, or skill.
• Sophistication: The quality of being sophisticated; refined, complex, or intricate.
• Novel: New and unusual in a way that is interesting or appealing.

The correct answer is 'C' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the third part of the given sentence, the use of the plural form of the verb 'are' is incorrect.
• When the compound subject (here, students and their teacher) is joined by or, nor, neither... nor, either... or and one part of the compound subject is singular and the other part is plural, the verb needs to agree with the part closest to it.
• The singular subject 'teacher' is closest to the verb in the sentence, hence, the verb should be singular.
• Therefore, the singular form of the verb 'is' should be used in place of the plural form 'are'.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Correct sentence: Neither students nor their teacher is participating in this concert.

Additional Information

• Subjects and verbs must agree with one another in number (singular or plural).
• Thus, if a subject is singular, its verb must also be singular; if a subject is plural, its verb must also be plural.

The correct answer is 'D' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the fourth part of the given sentence, the adjective 'least' is a superlative degree.
• We know that the article 'the' precedes the superlative form of the adjective.
• Example: The least environmentally damaging power source is also the most expensive.
• In the given sentence, the adjective 'least' is the superlative form of the adjective.
• Therefore, the article 'the' should be used before the superlative form of the adjective 'least'.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Correct sentence: Sushant is the best artist of the time but, unfortunately, the least recognized.

Additional Information

• 'A' and 'an' are indefinite articles, which means that they refer to, or introduce, an unspecified noun.
• We use 'a' before a consonant sound and we use 'an' before a vowel sound.
• ''No article'' is used when we refer to general ideas, plurals, or uncountable nouns.

The correct answer is 'E' i.e. No error.

Key Points

• In the given sentence, no improvement is required in any of the parts or there is no error in the sentence.
• The given sentence is the third conditional sentence explaining that present circumstances would be different if something different had happened in the past.
• The third conditional sentence format: if + past perfect, modal auxiliary (would, could, should, etc.)​ + have + past participle.
• When using the third conditional, we use the past perfect i.e., had + past participle (here, got) in the if-clause and the modal auxiliary (would, could, should, etc.) + have + past participle (here, been) in the main clause.

Hence, the correct answer is option 5.

Correct sentence: If I had got a gold medal, I would have been happy.

Additional Information

• If the ‘if‘ clause comes first, a comma is usually used, if the ‘if‘ clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
• Example: We would have gone ice-skating if the weather had been good.

The correct answer is 'D' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the fourth part of the given sentence, the use of the preposition 'on' is incorrect.
• The preposition 'on' means about something. (किसी ���स्‍तु के विषय में, किसी वस्‍तु पर)
• The use of the word 'protest' in the sentence indicates an action that shows that you do not like or approve of something.
• Therefore, the preposition 'in' should be used in place of the preposition 'on'.
• The preposition 'in' is used for showing somebody’s job or the activity somebody is involved in. (नौकरी या काम जिसमें कोई लगा है का निर्देश करने के लिए प्रयुक्त)

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Correct sentence: The talks ended abruptly when one of the delegations walked out in protest.

Additional Information

• When talking about places, the preposition 'in' is used to indicate a location or place.
• Example: I used to live in Florida.

The correct answer is 'C' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the third part of the given sentence, the use of the conjunction 'otherwise' is incorrect.
• The conjunction 'Otherwise' means apart from that. (उस बात के अतिरिक्त)
• Example: I'm a bit exhausted but otherwise I feel fine.
• The conjunction 'but' should be used in place of the conjunction 'otherwise'.
• In the given sentence ''aggressive'' and ''harmless'' are contrasting.
• The conjunction 'but' is used to introduce a phrase or clause contrasting with what has already been mentioned.
• Example: Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Correct sentence: Vineet's cat seems to be very aggressive, but it is harmless.

The correct answer is 'C' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the third part of the given sentence, the use of the preposition 'at' is incorrect.
• The preposition 'at' is used for expressing location or arrival in a particular place or position. (पर, में)
• The use of the word 'complained' in the sentence indicates that someone is not satisfied with or happy about something.
• Therefore, the preposition 'about' should be used in place of the preposition 'at'.
• The preposition 'about' means **''**on the subject of; concerning''. (के विषय में, के बारे में, के संबंध में)

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Correct sentence: Concerned parents have complained about the dangerous playground.

Additional Information

• The preposition 'About' also means 'approximately'.
• Example: I have about 30 candies in my bag.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• To answer this question, let's first understand the meaning of the word given in the question:
• Solidarity: unity or agreement of feeling or action, especially among individuals with a common interest; mutual support within a group. (एकता, एकजुटता)
• Now, let's examine the given sentences:
• Sentence A: The workers joined in solidarity to demand fair wages and better working conditions.
• This sentence correctly uses the word "solidarity" to describe the unity and mutual support among workers.
• Sentence B: The solidarity of the bricks and mortar ensured that the building would withstand any storms.
• This sentence incorrectly uses the word "solidarity" as it refers to physical cohesion rather than unity among people.
• Sentence C: During the concert, the band's solidarity was visible as they performed in perfect harmony.
• This sentence correctly uses the word "solidarity" to describe the unity and mutual support among the band members.
• So, both sentences A and C correctly use the word "solidarity" to illustrate different contexts of mutual support and unity.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Both A & C."

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• To answer this question, let's first understand the meaning of the word given in the question:
• Comprehensive: including all or nearly all elements or aspects of something; complete and thorough. (व्यापक, संपूर्ण)
• Now, let's examine the given sentences:
• Sentence A: The researcher provided a comprehensive overview of the topic, including all recent studies.
• This sentence correctly uses the word "comprehensive" to describe a complete and thorough overview of the topic.
• Sentence B: The test was designed to be comprehensive, covering a wide range of subjects.
• This sentence also correctly uses the word "comprehensive" to describe a test that covers a wide range of subjects thoroughly.
• Sentence C: The artist made a comprehensive mistake by using the wrong colour palette in his painting.
• This sentence incorrectly uses the word "comprehensive" as it does not fit the context of a mistake being complete or thorough.
• So, both Sentence A and Sentence B correctly use the word "comprehensive" to illustrate different contexts of being complete and thorough.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Both A & B."

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• To answer this question, let's first understand the meaning of the word given in the question:
• Drought: a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water. (सूखा)
• Now, let's examine the given sentences:
• Sentence A: The farmer was relieved to see the rain after a long drought.
• This sentence correctly uses the word "drought" to describe a period of low rainfall affecting a farmer.
• Sentence B: There was a drought of laughter at the event, making it dull and monotonous.
• This sentence also correctly uses the word "drought" metaphorically to describe a lack of laughter at an event.
• Sentence C: During the drought, the rivers overflowed with water.
• This sentence incorrectly uses the word "drought" because a drought would not result in overflowing rivers.
• So, both sentences A and B correctly use the word "drought," but sentence C does not.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Both A & B."

The correct answer is Option (3) i.e. B-C

 

Key Points

• The sentence begins with the subject "Constant time pressure," which is correctly indicated by part (A).
• However, the phrase "declining anxiety, burnout, and stress" does not make sense as written. The word "declining" (B) should be swapped with "stress" (C) to convey the intended meaning.
• After the interchange, the sentence reads: "Constant time pressure contributes to stress, anxiety, burnout, and declining mental health across different age groups."
• This corrected sentence is grammatically correct and meaningful.

Therefore, the correct answer is B-C.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1 (A-D): This option suggests swapping "Constant" with "age groups," which does not make sense in the context of the sentence.
• Option 2 (B-D): This option suggests swapping "declining" with "age groups," which creates a fragmented and incorrect sentence.
• Option 4 (A-B): This option suggests swapping "Constant" with "declining," which disrupts the sentence's grammatical structure and meaning.
• Option 5 (No interchange required): This option assumes the sentence is correct as written, which is not the case.

The correct answer is Option (4) i.e. A-C

 

Key Points

• The sentence provided is grammatically and contextually incorrect due to the misplacement of certain words.
• The word "Opportunities" (A) and "Women" (C) need to be interchanged to correct the sentence.
• When interchanged, the sentence becomes: "Women (A) often experience greater time poverty due to unpaid domestic (B) labour, reducing opportunities (C) for rest, career growth (D), and self-development," which is both meaningful and grammatically correct.

Therefore, the correct answer is A-C.

 

Additional Information

• Option 1 (A-B): Interchanging "Opportunities" and "labour" would result in a grammatically and contextually incorrect sentence.
• Option 2 (B-C): Interchanging "labour" and "Women" would disrupt the sentence's meaning.
• Option 3 (A-C and B-D): This option involves unnecessary interchanges that render the sentence incorrect.
• Option 5 (No interchange required): The given sentence is incorrect without any interchanges.

Solution for the given question in HTML Format:

The correct answer is **Option 2** i.e., **B-D**.

**Key Points**

- The sentence as given is incorrect because the placement of the words marked in bold creates confusion and lacks grammatical correctness.
- Interchanging the words marked **B** ("multiple") and **D** ("wealthier") resolves the issue.
- After the interchange, the sentence becomes: **"Time inequality exists because wealthier individuals can buy convenience, while others spend hours commuting, working multiple jobs, or waiting for services."**
- This revised sentence is grammatically correct and meaningful.

Therefore, the correct answer is **B-D.**

**Additional Information**

- **Option 1 (A-C):** Interchanging "Time" and "convenience" would make the sentence nonsensical.
- **Option 3 (C-D):** Interchanging "convenience" and "wealthier" disrupts the logical flow of the sentence.
- **Option 4 (A-B):** Interchanging "Time" and "multiple" does not resolve the grammatical issue.
- **Option 5 (No interchange required):** The sentence as given is incorrect and requires an interchange of words.

The correct answers are found, restore.

Key Points

• Found -  having been discovered by chance or unexpectedly.
• Restore - return (someone or something) to a former condition, place, or position.

The sentence should be read as :​ Researchers also found , that the vaccine was able to restore normal blood sugar levels without using insulin. 

Additional Information

Let us look at the meaning of some of the other options:

• discovered - find unexpectedly or during a search.
• decayed - having rotted or decomposed.
• surrender - stop resisting to an enemy or opponent and submit to their authority.
• delighted - feeling or showing great pleasure.
• experimented - perform a scientific procedure, especially in a laboratory, to determine something.
• desolate- (of a place) uninhabited and giving an impression of bleak emptiness.
• explored - travel through (an unfamiliar area) in order to learn about it.
• dislodged - knock or force out of position.

Important Points

• The sentence implies that the vaccine under consideration can return the blood sugar levels to normal.
• Thus, restore is correct for the second blank.
• Since 'restore' is listed under option 5, we need to see if 'found' fits the first blank.
• And since it fits, found and restore are the correct words.

The correct answers are behavior, attractive.

Key Points

• Behavior -  the way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially towards others.
• Attractive - pleasing or appealing to the senses.

The sentence should be read as :​ Her behavior is easy and natural, and it is attractive because of its frankness and evident sincerity. 

Additional Information

Let us look at the meaning of some of the other options:

• looks - an act of directing one's gaze in order to see someone or something.
• charms - the power or quality of delighting, attracting, or fascinating others.
• nature - the basic or inherent features, character, or qualities of something.
• natural - existing in or derived from nature; not made or caused by humankind.
• make-up - cosmetics.
• shining - giving out or reflecting bright light.
• mind - a person's ability to think and reason
• mindful - conscious or aware of something.

Important Points

• The sentence implies that the subject possesses something that is described as 'easy and natural'.
• The second blank needs a word that would describe the pleasing nature of the possession
• The combination of behavior and attractive are best fit for the given blanks.