SBI PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 24 March 2025 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is 'engineering'.

Key Points

• The sentence describes the B-2 Spirit as representing a "pinnacle of aerospace ____ (1)." We need a word that signifies the highest achievement or excellence in the field of aircraft development and technology.
• Engineering refers to the application of scientific and mathematical principles to design, build, and maintain structures, machines, and other items. The creation of a highly complex and technologically advanced aircraft like the B-2 Spirit is fundamentally a triumph of engineering. "Pinnacle of aerospace engineering" accurately conveys the culmination of advanced scientific knowledge and practical application.
• Art (Option 2) is not a suitable term for technical and scientific achievement in aerospace.
• Design (Option 3) is a component of engineering, but "engineering" is a broader term that encompasses the entire process from conceptualization to realization, making it a more comprehensive fit for a "pinnacle."
• Machinery (Option 4) refers to machines collectively, but doesn't capture the intellectual and developmental achievement.
• Manufacturing (Option 5) refers to the production process, not the intellectual and scientific achievement in developing the aircraft.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: The B-2 Spirit, commonly known as the Stealth Bomber, represents a pinnacle of aerospace 1. engineering. Designed with a distinctive flying wing configuration, its primary mission is to 2. _____through enemy air defenses undetected. This incredible stealth capability is achieved through a combination of radar-absorbent materials, a unique aerodynamic design that minimizes its radar cross-section, and sophisticated electronic warfare systems. Each B-2 bomber is capable of carrying a massive 3. _____of both conventional and nuclear weapons, making it a critical asset in strategic military operations. The aircraft's operational 4. _____is further enhanced by its ability to refuel in mid-air, allowing for global reach. Despite its immense power, the B-2 requires highly specialized maintenance and operation, a testament to its complex 5. . It remains a symbol of technological 6. ****in modern aerial warfare.

Additional Information

• Art: The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination.
• Design: A plan or drawing produced to show the look and function or workings of a building, garment, or other object before it is made.
• Machinery: Machines collectively; the working parts of a machine.
• Manufacturing: The making of articles on a large scale using machinery.

The correct answer is 'penetrate'.

Key Points

• The sentence describes the primary mission of the B-2: "its primary mission is to ____ (2) through enemy air defenses undetected."
• Penetrate means to succeed in forcing a way into or through something. This precisely describes the B-2's ability to get past enemy defenses without being detected, which is the core concept of stealth. The B-2 is designed to bypass or get "through" sophisticated defense systems covertly.
• Avoid (Option 2) suggests staying away from defenses, but the B-2's mission often requires it to go into or through defended airspace, albeit undetected.
• Fly (Option 3) is too general; all aircraft fly. This doesn't specify the unique aspect of the B-2's mission.
• Attack (Option 4) is the ultimate purpose of a bomber, but the blank describes the action of getting through the defenses undetected, which is a prerequisite to attacking, not the attack itself in this context.
• Hover (Option 5) means to remain in one place in the air, which is not characteristic of a bomber's mission, especially when dealing with air defenses.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: The B-2 Spirit, commonly known as the Stealth Bomber, represents a pinnacle of aerospace 1. engineering. Designed with a distinctive flying wing configuration, its primary mission is to 2. penetrate through enemy air defenses undetected. This incredible stealth capability is achieved through a combination of radar-absorbent materials, a unique aerodynamic design that minimizes its radar cross-section, and sophisticated electronic warfare systems. Each B-2 bomber is capable of carrying a massive 3. _____of both conventional and nuclear weapons, making it a critical asset in strategic military operations. The aircraft's operational 4. _____is further enhanced by its ability to refuel in mid-air, allowing for global reach. Despite its immense power, the B-2 requires highly specialized maintenance and operation, a testament to its complex 5. . It remains a symbol of technological 6. ****in modern aerial warfare.

Additional Information

• Avoid: To keep away from.
• Fly: To move through the air.
• Attack: To take aggressive action against.
• Hover: To remain in one place in the air.

The correct answer is 'payload'.

Key Points

• The sentence states: "Each B-2 bomber is capable of carrying a massive ____ (3) of both conventional and nuclear weapons".
• In the context of aircraft or rockets, the specific term for the total weight of the cargo, passengers, or equipment (especially weapons or instruments) that a vehicle is designed to carry is payload. This is the most accurate and technical term used to describe the carrying capacity of military aircraft for weapons.
• Load (Option 1) is a more general term for something carried, but less specific than "payload" in an aerospace context.
• Quantity (Option 2) refers to an amount, but doesn't specifically denote what is carried by a vehicle.
• Arsenal (Option 3) refers to a collection of weapons or a place where they are made/stored, not the amount an aircraft carries on a single mission.
• Collection (Option 5) is similar to arsenal, implying a group gathered, not the capacity of a vehicle.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Passage: The B-2 Spirit, commonly known as the Stealth Bomber, represents a pinnacle of aerospace 1. engineering. Designed with a distinctive flying wing configuration, its primary mission is to 2. penetrate through enemy air defenses undetected. This incredible stealth capability is achieved through a combination of radar-absorbent materials, a unique aerodynamic design that minimizes its radar cross-section, and sophisticated electronic warfare systems. Each B-2 bomber is capable of carrying a massive 3. payload of both conventional and nuclear weapons, making it a critical asset in strategic military operations. The aircraft's operational 4. _____is further enhanced by its ability to refuel in mid-air, allowing for global reach. Despite its immense power, the B-2 requires highly specialized maintenance and operation, a testament to its complex 5. . It remains a symbol of technological 6. ****in modern aerial warfare.

Additional Information

• Load: A quantity, typically a large one, of something carried or to be carried.
• Quantity: The amount or number of a material or abstract thing not usually estimated by spatial extent or individual items.
• Arsenal: A collection of weapons and military equipment.
• Collection: A group of things or people.

The correct answer is 'range'.

Key Points

• The sentence states: "The aircraft's operational ____ (4) is further enhanced by its ability to refuel in mid-air, allowing for global reach."
• Range refers to the maximum distance an aircraft can travel from its base without needing to land for fuel. Mid-air refueling directly extends this capability, enabling the aircraft to cover much greater distances and thus achieve "global reach." This term directly links the action (mid-air refueling) to the outcome (global reach).
• Speed (Option 2) refers to how fast the aircraft travels, not how far it can go. Mid-air refueling does not primarily enhance speed.
• Efficiency (Option 3) refers to performing with minimum waste of time or effort. While refueling can improve mission efficiency, "global reach" is about distance, not primarily efficiency.
• Flexibility (Option 4) refers to adaptability. While refueling offers operational flexibility, "global reach" is specifically about covering vast distances.
• Endurance (Option 5) refers to the ability to remain airborne for an extended period. While mid-air refueling certainly enhances endurance, the phrase "allowing for global reach" specifically points to the geographical distance covered, for which "range" is the most precise term. Longer endurance enables longer range.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: The B-2 Spirit, commonly known as the Stealth Bomber, represents a pinnacle of aerospace 1. engineering. Designed with a distinctive flying wing configuration, its primary mission is to 2. penetrate through enemy air defenses undetected. This incredible stealth capability is achieved through a combination of radar-absorbent materials, a unique aerodynamic design that minimizes its radar cross-section, and sophisticated electronic warfare systems. Each B-2 bomber is capable of carrying a massive 3. payload of both conventional and nuclear weapons, making it a critical asset in strategic military operations. The aircraft's operational 4. range is further enhanced by its ability to refuel in mid-air, allowing for global reach. Despite its immense power, the B-2 requires highly specialized maintenance and operation, a testament to its complex 5. . It remains a symbol of technological 6. ****in modern aerial warfare.

Additional Information

• Speed: The rate at which someone or something is able to move or operate.
• Efficiency: The state or quality of being efficient.
• Flexibility: The quality of bending easily without breaking.
• Endurance: The fact or power of enduring an unpleasant or difficult process or situation without giving way.

The correct answer is 'systems'.

Key Points

• The sentence states: "Despite its immense power, the B-2 requires highly specialized maintenance and operation, a testament to its complex ____ (5)." This blank refers to the inherent quality of the B-2 that makes it complex to maintain and operate.
• Systems refers to the various interconnected components and functionalities that make up the aircraft (e.g., flight control systems, navigation systems, stealth systems, electronic warfare systems, weapon systems). The B-2's cutting-edge capabilities are derived from its highly sophisticated and integrated systems, which naturally demand specialized maintenance and operation.
• Mechanics (Option 1) refers to the way parts work together or the underlying principles, which is part of the complexity, but "systems" is a more direct noun for the complex entities themselves.
• Structure (Option 2) refers to its physical build. While its structure is complex, the specialized maintenance is also heavily due to its electronic and other advanced, non-structural components.
• Blueprint (Option 4) refers to the design plan, not the inherent complexity of the realized aircraft.
• Purpose (Option 5) refers to its function, not the reason for its operational complexity.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Complete Passage: The B-2 Spirit, commonly known as the Stealth Bomber, represents a pinnacle of aerospace 1. engineering. Designed with a distinctive flying wing configuration, its primary mission is to 2. penetrate through enemy air defenses undetected. This incredible stealth capability is achieved through a combination of radar-absorbent materials, a unique aerodynamic design that minimizes its radar cross-section, and sophisticated electronic warfare systems. Each B-2 bomber is capable of carrying a massive 3. payload of both conventional and nuclear weapons, making it a critical asset in strategic military operations. The aircraft's operational 4. range is further enhanced by its ability to refuel in mid-air, allowing for global reach. Despite its immense power, the B-2 requires highly specialized maintenance and operation, a testament to its complex 5. systems. It remains a symbol of technological 6. _____in modern aerial warfare.

Additional Information

• Mechanics: The way in which a machine or system works, or the study of this.
• Structure: The arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of something complex.
• Blueprint: A design plan or other technical drawing.
• Purpose: The reason for which something is done or created or for which something exists.

The correct answer is 'prowess'.

Key Points

• The sentence concludes: "It remains a symbol of technological ____ (6) in modern aerial warfare." This implies that the B-2 represents the highest level of technological skill, ability, or excellence that provides a significant advantage.
• Prowess refers to skill or expertise in a particular activity or field; it denotes superior ability or mastery. In this context, "technological prowess" indicates that the B-2 embodies a very high level of technological capability and effectiveness in warfare, making it a leading symbol.
• Progress (Option 1) refers to advancement, but "prowess" implies a more definitive peak or superior ability achieved.
• Achievement (Option 3) means something successfully done. While the B-2 is a technological achievement, "prowess" highlights the skill and capability demonstrated.
• Sophistication (Option 4) refers to complexity and intricacy. While the B-2 is technologically sophisticated, "prowess" better conveys its effectiveness and leading position in the field.
• Novel (Option 5) means new and unusual. While the B-2 was novel, this refers to its newness, not its ongoing status as a symbol of peak technological ability.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Passage: The B-2 Spirit, commonly known as the Stealth Bomber, represents a pinnacle of aerospace 1. engineering. Designed with a distinctive flying wing configuration, its primary mission is to 2. penetrate through enemy air defenses undetected. This incredible stealth capability is achieved through a combination of radar-absorbent materials, a unique aerodynamic design that minimizes its radar cross-section, and sophisticated electronic warfare systems. Each B-2 bomber is capable of carrying a massive 3. payload of both conventional and nuclear weapons, making it a critical asset in strategic military operations. The aircraft's operational 4. range is further enhanced by its ability to refuel in mid-air, allowing for global reach. Despite its immense power, the B-2 requires highly specialized maintenance and operation, a testament to its complex 5. systems. It remains a symbol of technological 6. prowess in modern aerial warfare.

Additional Information

• Progress: Forward or onward movement toward a destination.
• Achievement: A thing done successfully, typically by effort, courage, or skill.
• Sophistication: The quality of being sophisticated; refined, complex, or intricate.
• Novel: New and unusual in a way that is interesting or appealing.

The correct answer is 'C' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the third part of the given sentence, the use of the plural form of the verb 'are' is incorrect.
• When the compound subject (here, students and their teacher) is joined by or, nor, neither... nor, either... or and one part of the compound subject is singular and the other part is plural, the verb needs to agree with the part closest to it.
• The singular subject 'teacher' is closest to the verb in the sentence, hence, the verb should be singular.
• Therefore, the singular form of the verb 'is' should be used in place of the plural form 'are'.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Correct sentence: Neither students nor their teacher is participating in this concert.

Additional Information

• Subjects and verbs must agree with one another in number (singular or plural).
• Thus, if a subject is singular, its verb must also be singular; if a subject is plural, its verb must also be plural.

The correct answer is 'D' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the fourth part of the given sentence, the adjective 'least' is a superlative degree.
• We know that the article 'the' precedes the superlative form of the adjective.
• Example: The least environmentally damaging power source is also the most expensive.
• In the given sentence, the adjective 'least' is the superlative form of the adjective.
• Therefore, the article 'the' should be used before the superlative form of the adjective 'least'.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Correct sentence: Sushant is the best artist of the time but, unfortunately, the least recognized.

Additional Information

• 'A' and 'an' are indefinite articles, which means that they refer to, or introduce, an unspecified noun.
• We use 'a' before a consonant sound and we use 'an' before a vowel sound.
• ''No article'' is used when we refer to general ideas, plurals, or uncountable nouns.

The correct answer is 'E' i.e. No error.

Key Points

• In the given sentence, no improvement is required in any of the parts or there is no error in the sentence.
• The given sentence is the third conditional sentence explaining that present circumstances would be different if something different had happened in the past.
• The third conditional sentence format: if + past perfect, modal auxiliary (would, could, should, etc.)​ + have + past participle.
• When using the third conditional, we use the past perfect i.e., had + past participle (here, got) in the if-clause and the modal auxiliary (would, could, should, etc.) + have + past participle (here, been) in the main clause.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 5.

Correct sentence: If I had got a gold medal, I would have been happy.

Additional Information

• If the ‘if‘ clause comes first, a comma is usually used, if the ‘if‘ clause comes second, there is no need for a comma.
• Example: We would have gone ice-skating if the weather had been good.

The correct answer is 'D' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the fourth part of the given sentence, the use of the preposition 'on' is incorrect.
• The preposition 'on' means about something. (किसी ���स्‍तु के विषय में, किसी वस्‍तु पर)
• The use of the word 'protest' in the sentence indicates an action that shows that you do not like or approve of something.
• Therefore, the preposition 'in' should be used in place of the preposition 'on'.
• The preposition 'in' is used for showing somebody’s job or the activity somebody is involved in. (नौकरी या काम जिसमें कोई लगा है का निर्देश करने के लिए प्रयुक्त)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Correct sentence: The talks ended abruptly when one of the delegations walked out in protest.

Additional Information

• When talking about places, the preposition 'in' is used to indicate a location or place.
• Example: I used to live in Florida.

The correct answer is 'C' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the third part of the given sentence, the use of the conjunction 'otherwise' is incorrect.
• The conjunction 'Otherwise' means apart from that. (उस बात के अतिरिक्त)
• Example: I'm a bit exhausted but otherwise I feel fine.
• The conjunction 'but' should be used in place of the conjunction 'otherwise'.
• In the given sentence ''aggressive'' and ''harmless'' are contrasting.
• The conjunction 'but' is used to introduce a phrase or clause contrasting with what has already been mentioned.
• Example: Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Correct sentence: Vineet's cat seems to be very aggressive, but it is harmless.

The correct answer is 'C' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the third part of the given sentence, the use of the preposition 'at' is incorrect.
• The preposition 'at' is used for expressing location or arrival in a particular place or position. (पर, में)
• The use of the word 'complained' in the sentence indicates that someone is not satisfied with or happy about something.
• Therefore, the preposition 'about' should be used in place of the preposition 'at'.
• The preposition 'about' means **''**on the subject of; concerning''. (के विषय में, के बारे में, के संबंध में)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Correct sentence: Concerned parents have complained about the dangerous playground.

Additional Information

• The preposition 'About' also means 'approximately'.
• Example: I have about 30 candies in my bag.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• To answer this question, let's first understand the meaning of the word given in the question:
• Solidarity: unity or agreement of feeling or action, especially among individuals with a common interest; mutual support within a group. (एकता, एकजुटता)
• Now, let's examine the given sentences:
• Sentence A: The workers joined in solidarity to demand fair wages and better working conditions.
• This sentence correctly uses the word "solidarity" to describe the unity and mutual support among workers.
• Sentence B: The solidarity of the bricks and mortar ensured that the building would withstand any storms.
• This sentence incorrectly uses the word "solidarity" as it refers to physical cohesion rather than unity among people.
• Sentence C: During the concert, the band's solidarity was visible as they performed in perfect harmony.
• This sentence correctly uses the word "solidarity" to describe the unity and mutual support among the band members.
• So, both sentences A and C correctly use the word "solidarity" to illustrate different contexts of mutual support and unity.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Both A & C."

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• To answer this question, let's first understand the meaning of the word given in the question:
• Comprehensive: including all or nearly all elements or aspects of something; complete and thorough. (व्यापक, संपूर्ण)
• Now, let's examine the given sentences:
• Sentence A: The researcher provided a comprehensive overview of the topic, including all recent studies.
• This sentence correctly uses the word "comprehensive" to describe a complete and thorough overview of the topic.
• Sentence B: The test was designed to be comprehensive, covering a wide range of subjects.
• This sentence also correctly uses the word "comprehensive" to describe a test that covers a wide range of subjects thoroughly.
• Sentence C: The artist made a comprehensive mistake by using the wrong colour palette in his painting.
• This sentence incorrectly uses the word "comprehensive" as it does not fit the context of a mistake being complete or thorough.
• So, both Sentence A and Sentence B correctly use the word "comprehensive" to illustrate different contexts of being complete and thorough.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Both A & B."

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• To answer this question, let's first understand the meaning of the word given in the question:
• Drought: a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water. (सूखा)
• Now, let's examine the given sentences:
• Sentence A: The farmer was relieved to see the rain after a long drought.
• This sentence correctly uses the word "drought" to describe a period of low rainfall affecting a farmer.
• Sentence B: There was a drought of laughter at the event, making it dull and monotonous.
• This sentence also correctly uses the word "drought" metaphorically to describe a lack of laughter at an event.
• Sentence C: During the drought, the rivers overflowed with water.
• This sentence incorrectly uses the word "drought" because a drought would not result in overflowing rivers.
• So, both sentences A and B correctly use the word "drought," but sentence C does not.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Both A & B."

The correct answer is Option (3) i.e. B-C

Key Points

• The sentence begins with the subject "Constant time pressure," which is correctly indicated by part (A).
• However, the phrase "declining anxiety, burnout, and stress" does not make sense as written. The word "declining" (B) should be swapped with "stress" (C) to convey the intended meaning.
• After the interchange, the sentence reads: "Constant time pressure contributes to stress, anxiety, burnout, and declining mental health across different age groups."
• This corrected sentence is grammatically correct and meaningful.

Therefore, the correct answer is B-C.

Additional Information

• Option 1 (A-D): This option suggests swapping "Constant" with "age groups," which does not make sense in the context of the sentence.
• Option 2 (B-D): This option suggests swapping "declining" with "age groups," which creates a fragmented and incorrect sentence.
• Option 4 (A-B): This option suggests swapping "Constant" with "declining," which disrupts the sentence's grammatical structure and meaning.
• Option 5 (No interchange required): This option assumes the sentence is correct as written, which is not the case.

The correct answer is Option (4) i.e. A-C

Key Points

• The sentence provided is grammatically and contextually incorrect due to the misplacement of certain words.
• The word "Opportunities" (A) and "Women" (C) need to be interchanged to correct the sentence.
• When interchanged, the sentence becomes: "Women (A) often experience greater time poverty due to unpaid domestic (B) labour, reducing opportunities (C) for rest, career growth (D), and self-development," which is both meaningful and grammatically correct.

Therefore, the correct answer is A-C.

Additional Information

• Option 1 (A-B): Interchanging "Opportunities" and "labour" would result in a grammatically and contextually incorrect sentence.
• Option 2 (B-C): Interchanging "labour" and "Women" would disrupt the sentence's meaning.
• Option 3 (A-C and B-D): This option involves unnecessary interchanges that render the sentence incorrect.
• Option 5 (No interchange required): The given sentence is incorrect without any interchanges.

Solution for the given question in HTML Format:

The correct answer is **Option 2** i.e., **B-D**.

**Key Points**

- The sentence as given is incorrect because the placement of the words marked in bold creates confusion and lacks grammatical correctness.
- Interchanging the words marked **B** ("multiple") and **D** ("wealthier") resolves the issue.
- After the interchange, the sentence becomes: **"Time inequality exists because wealthier individuals can buy convenience, while others spend hours commuting, working multiple jobs, or waiting for services."**
- This revised sentence is grammatically correct and meaningful.

Therefore, the correct answer is **B-D.**

**Additional Information**

- **Option 1 (A-C):** Interchanging "Time" and "convenience" would make the sentence nonsensical.
- **Option 3 (C-D):** Interchanging "convenience" and "wealthier" disrupts the logical flow of the sentence.
- **Option 4 (A-B):** Interchanging "Time" and "multiple" does not resolve the grammatical issue.
- **Option 5 (No interchange required):** The sentence as given is incorrect and requires an interchange of words.

The correct answers are found, restore.

Key Points

• Found -  having been discovered by chance or unexpectedly.
• Restore - return (someone or something) to a former condition, place, or position.

The sentence should be read as :​ Researchers also found , that the vaccine was able to restore normal blood sugar levels without using insulin. 

Additional Information

Let us look at the meaning of some of the other options:

• discovered - find unexpectedly or during a search.
• decayed - having rotted or decomposed.
• surrender - stop resisting to an enemy or opponent and submit to their authority.
• delighted - feeling or showing great pleasure.
• experimented - perform a scientific procedure, especially in a laboratory, to determine something.
• desolate- (of a place) uninhabited and giving an impression of bleak emptiness.
• explored - travel through (an unfamiliar area) in order to learn about it.
• dislodged - knock or force out of position.

Important Points

• The sentence implies that the vaccine under consideration can return the blood sugar levels to normal.
• Thus, restore is correct for the second blank.
• Since 'restore' is listed under option 5, we need to see if 'found' fits the first blank.
• And since it fits, found and restore are the correct words.

The correct answers are behavior, attractive.

Key Points

• Behavior -  the way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially towards others.
• Attractive - pleasing or appealing to the senses.

The sentence should be read as :​ Her behavior is easy and natural, and it is attractive because of its frankness and evident sincerity. 

Additional Information

Let us look at the meaning of some of the other options:

• looks - an act of directing one's gaze in order to see someone or something.
• charms - the power or quality of delighting, attracting, or fascinating others.
• nature - the basic or inherent features, character, or qualities of something.
• natural - existing in or derived from nature; not made or caused by humankind.
• make-up - cosmetics.
• shining - giving out or reflecting bright light.
• mind - a person's ability to think and reason
• mindful - conscious or aware of something.

Important Points

• The sentence implies that the subject possesses something that is described as 'easy and natural'.
• The second blank needs a word that would describe the pleasing nature of the possession
• The combination of behavior and attractive are best fit for the given blanks.

The correct answers are language, words.

Key Points

• Language -  the principal method of human communication, consisting of words used in a structured and conventional way and conveyed by speech, writing, or gesture.
• Body language means a non-verbal method of expression or communication.
• Words - something spoken or written

The sentence should be read as:​ Body language is a form of communication without using words. 

Additional Information

Let us look at the meaning of some of the other options:

• speech - the expression of or the ability to express thoughts and feelings by articulate sounds.
• dialect - a particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group.
• verbal - relating to or in the form of words.
• vocabulary - the body of words used in a particular language.

The correct answer is, 'We, you and they'

Key Points

• 'We' is a plural first-person pronoun.
• 'You' is a singular second-person pronoun.
• 'They' is a plural third-person pronoun.
• In the plural case, the order of the pronouns should be first-person, second-person, and then third-person (123).
• When the personal pronouns are plural, the order should be 123 irrespective of the positive or negative act.
• The correct order from the given options should be 'We, you and they'.

Hence, the correct option is option 2.

The correct sentence is: We, you and they will leave for the overseas trip, tomorrow.

Additional Information

• Good manners require that the order of singular pronouns should be second-person, third-person and first-person (231).
• The order to be observed while referring to unpleasant acts is first-person, second-person and third-person (123).

The correct answer is, 'as competent as'.

Key Points

• The sentence talks about the competence of a female employee in accordance with her male counterparts, the use of 'as competent' seems incomplete as it doesn't seem to link the relationship between each other.
• Both 'as' and 'than' are required to be used when a sentence contains adjectives in positive and comparative forms, the given sentence contains both.
• Therefore, the use of 'as competent as' is correct according to the given sentence.

Hence, the correct option is option 3.

The correct sentence is: She deserves an equal raise as her male colleagues, after all, she is as competent as, if not more competent than them.

Additional Information

• 'As' is used in the positive degree to denote equality.
• 'Than' is used in the comparative degree.

The correct answer is, 'is in the'

Key Points

• When 'the' article is used before the first noun only, it indicates that the two or more connected nouns refer to the same person or thing. the use of the plural verb 'are' or 'were' will be incorrect here, so we can eliminate option 2.
• In such cases singular verb 'is', is used to denote the present tense for third-person pronoun.
• 'been in the' and 'being in the' are wrong phrases to use here, so we can eliminate options 3 and 4.
• Therefore, the correct phrase replacement will be, 'is in the'.

Hence, the correct option is option 1.

The correct statement is: The Prime minister and chairperson of NITI Aayog is in the city for a conference.

The correct answer is 'between themselves'

Key Points

• Let us explore the given options:
• 'Beside' means 'by the side of'
• 'Besides' means 'in addition to'
• 'By' means 'doer of the action'
• 'Between' is used while referring to two persons/things. It may also be used for two or more in choice.
• 'Among' is used while referring to more than two persons/things.
• Because the sentence talks about two brothers, the use of 'between' will be correct in this case.
• Therefore, the correct answer will be 'between themselves'.

Hence, the correct option is option 4.

The correct sentence is: After a lengthy legal battle, the two brothers agreed to divide the property between themselves.

The correct answer is 'had been'

Key Points

• 'been' is a form of the verb 'to be', used with (present, past and future) perfect tense.
• The given sentence is in the past perfect tense, as Rajiv's trip to Goa was a year before.
• The rule to use been in this case will be :
• Subject+ had+ been + (verb)₃+ by + object
• Therefore, the correct answer is 'had been'.

Hence, the correct option is option 1.

The correct sentence is: Rajiv had been to Goa last year.

Additional Information

• Passive voice for Present perfect- been
• Subject+ has/have+ been+ (Verb)₃+ by+ Object
• Example: He has been appointed as a bank PO.
• Passive voice for future perfect- been
• Subject+ will/shall+ have been+ by+ (Verb)₃+ Object
• Example: He shall have been sent his call letter by now.

The correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Key Points

• Sentence B introduces stem cells and their unique ability to develop into different cell types.
• Sentence D elaborates on the importance of this characteristic in growth, repair, and regeneration.
• Sentence A explains how stem cells offer therapeutic potential for treating conditions like spinal cord injuries.
• Sentence E connects stem cell therapy to its potential in regenerative medicine.
• Sentence C acknowledges the ethical and regulatory challenges associated with stem cell research.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Correct Sequence:

B - Stem cells are unique because of their ability to develop into many different cell types in the body.

D - This remarkable characteristic makes them crucial for growth, repair, and regeneration within living organisms.

A - By stimulating cells to differentiate into specialized tissues, it offers hope for treating conditions like spinal cord injuries and Parkinson's disease.

E - Stem cell therapy, leveraging these properties, represents a frontier in regenerative medicine.

C - Despite promising research, stem cell therapy faces ethical debates and regulatory challenges.

Additional Information

• Sentence B introduces stem cells and their unique ability, which is elaborated further in sentence D.
• Sentence A and E explain how this property of stem cells is applied in medical therapies.
• Sentence C provides a counterpoint, acknowledging the challenges that come with stem cell research.

The correct answer is 'Option 5'.

Key Points

• Sentence B introduces stem cells and their unique ability to develop into many different cell types in the body.
• Sentence D elaborates on the importance of this characteristic in growth, repair, and regeneration within living organisms.
• This makes sentence D a logical follow-up to sentence B, as it provides additional information about the significance of stem cells.
• The other sentences either introduce new concepts or provide examples that are better placed later in the paragraph.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 5'.

Explanation of Sequence:

B - Stem cells are unique because of their ability to develop into many different cell types in the body.

D - This remarkable characteristic makes them crucial for growth, repair, and regeneration within living organisms.

A - By stimulating cells to differentiate into specialized tissues, it offers hope for treating conditions like spinal cord injuries and Parkinson's disease.

E - Stem cell therapy, leveraging these properties, represents a frontier in regenerative medicine.

C - Despite promising research, stem cell therapy faces ethical debates and regulatory challenges.

Additional Information

• Sentence B introduces stem cells and their ability to develop into many different cell types. Sentence D elaborates on why this is significant for growth, repair, and regeneration.
• This sequence flows logically, with sentence D being the most appropriate follow-up to B.
• The other sentences either discuss applications (A, E) or challenges (C), which would come later in the paragraph.

The correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Key Points

• Sentence B introduces stem cells and their ability to differentiate into various cell types.
• Sentence D further explains the significance of this characteristic in growth, repair, and regeneration.
• Sentence A follows logically as it details how this ability is used in treating conditions like spinal cord injuries and Parkinson's disease.
• Therefore, Sentence A is the third sentence, which builds on the information presented earlier in the paragraph.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Explanation of Sequence:

B - Stem cells are unique because of their ability to develop into many different cell types in the body.

D - This remarkable characteristic makes them crucial for growth, repair, and regeneration within living organisms.

A - By stimulating cells to differentiate into specialized tissues, it offers hope for treating conditions like spinal cord injuries and Parkinson's disease.

E - Stem cell therapy, leveraging these properties, represents a frontier in regenerative medicine.

C - Despite promising research, stem cell therapy faces ethical debates and regulatory challenges.

Additional Information

• Sentence B introduces stem cells and their ability to differentiate into many different cell types, which is expanded upon in Sentence D.
• Sentence A logically follows to describe how this unique property can help treat specific conditions, making it the third sentence in the sequence.
• The other sentences focus on applications (E) or challenges (C), which are better suited later in the paragraph.

The correct answer is 'Option 5'.

Key Points

• Sentence B introduces stem cells and their unique ability to differentiate into various cell types.
• Sentence D elaborates on the significance of this characteristic in growth, repair, and regeneration within living organisms.
• Sentence A explains how stem cells can help treat conditions like spinal cord injuries and Parkinson's disease, based on their ability to differentiate.
• Sentence E follows, emphasizing how stem cell therapy leverages these properties and represents a frontier in regenerative medicine.
• Thus, Sentence E is the logical fourth sentence, providing the conclusion to the previous ideas.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 5'.

Explanation of Sequence:

B - Stem cells are unique because of their ability to develop into many different cell types in the body.

D - This remarkable characteristic makes them crucial for growth, repair, and regeneration within living organisms.

A - By stimulating cells to differentiate into specialized tissues, it offers hope for treating conditions like spinal cord injuries and Parkinson's disease.

E - Stem cell therapy, leveraging these properties, represents a frontier in regenerative medicine.

C - Despite promising research, stem cell therapy faces ethical debates and regulatory challenges.

Additional Information

• Sentence E provides the conclusion by emphasizing the potential of stem cell therapy in regenerative medicine, making it the fourth sentence in the sequence.
• The previous sentences explain stem cell characteristics, their application in treatments, and their importance in medical advancements, all leading up to the statement in Sentence E.

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Key Points

• Sentence B introduces stem cells and their unique ability to develop into many different cell types.
• Sentence D further explains the importance of this characteristic in growth, repair, and regeneration.
• Sentence A describes how stem cells are used in treating specific conditions, such as spinal cord injuries and Parkinson's disease.
• Sentence E emphasizes stem cell therapy as a frontier in regenerative medicine.
• Sentence C appropriately follows, addressing the ethical debates and regulatory challenges surrounding stem cell research, making it the fifth sentence in the paragraph.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Explanation of Sequence:

B - Stem cells are unique because of their ability to develop into many different cell types in the body.

D - This remarkable characteristic makes them crucial for growth, repair, and regeneration within living organisms.

A - By stimulating cells to differentiate into specialized tissues, it offers hope for treating conditions like spinal cord injuries and Parkinson's disease.

E - Stem cell therapy, leveraging these properties, represents a frontier in regenerative medicine.

C - Despite promising research, stem cell therapy faces ethical debates and regulatory challenges.

Additional Information

• Sentence C addresses the challenges surrounding stem cell therapy, making it the perfect conclusion to the previous statements.
• After discussing the potential of stem cell research and its applications, Sentence C brings attention to the obstacles it faces.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The passage discusses various challenges posed by rapid urbanization, but also suggests ways to manage these challenges.
• One approach mentioned is the implementation of smart city technologies. These technologies leverage data and connectivity to improve the efficiency of urban services and promote sustainable development.
• Examples provided include optimizing electricity usage with smart grids and reducing congestion and emissions with intelligent transportation systems.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Correct Explanation: "Implementing smart city technologies is one approach to managing urbanization effectively, as it uses data and connectivity to enhance urban services and promote sustainability."

Additional Information

• Option 1: Limiting migration to cities is not mentioned as a solution in the passage.
• Option 3: Reducing the number of businesses in urban areas is not discussed as an approach to managing urbanization.
• Option 4: Expanding rural infrastructure may help alleviate some challenges, but it is not identified as a primary approach in the passage.
• Option 5: Increasing industrial activities within city limits is contradictory, as the passage mentions environmental degradation as a challenge.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• The passage mentions several challenges posed by urbanization, including strain on infrastructure and services, overcrowded housing, inadequate public transportation, and environmental degradation.
• However, an abundance of natural habitats within cities is not cited as a challenge. Instead, the passage notes that urbanization often encroaches on natural habitats, leading to biodiversity loss.
• Thus, "abundance of natural habitats within cities" does not align with the challenges discussed in the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

Correct Interpretation: "While urbanization presents challenges such as infrastructure strain, overcrowded housing, inadequate public transportation, and environmental degradation, an abundance of natural habitats within cities is not one of them."

Additional Information

• Option 1: Strain on infrastructure and services is mentioned as a challenge in the passage.
• Option 2: Overcrowded housing is mentioned as a challenge in the passage.
• Option 3: Inadequate public transportation is mentioned as a challenge in the passage.
• Option 5: Environmental degradation is mentioned as a challenge in the passage.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Key Points

• A) They have no impact on the environmental sustainability of cities.
• This cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage emphasizes that smart city technologies can promote environmental sustainability by optimizing urban services, which is contrary to the statement.
• B) They can optimize urban services like traffic management and electricity usage.
• This can be inferred from the passage. The passage specifically mentions that smart city technologies can improve the efficiency of urban services, including traffic management and electricity usage.
• C) They are irrelevant to inclusive urban planning.
• This cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage mentions the significance of inclusive urban planning and does not suggest that smart city technologies are irrelevant to it.

Therefore, the correct answer is Only B.

Additional Information

• Only A: Incorrect because A cannot be inferred from the passage.
• Only C: Incorrect because C cannot be inferred from the passage.
• All A, B, and C: Incorrect because both A and C cannot be inferred from the passage.
• Both A and C: Incorrect because neither A nor C can be inferred from the passage.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The passage explains both the opportunities and challenges presented by urbanization.
• It emphasizes that urbanization can lead to economic growth and innovation.
• However, it also highlights several issues such as strain on infrastructure and environmental degradation.
• Ultimately, the passage suggests that through thoughtful planning, urbanization can be managed for positive outcomes.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

Correct Interpretation: "Despite the challenges, urbanization provides opportunities for growth and innovation, and with proper management, it can lead to a sustainable future."

Additional Information

• Option 1: This statement is incorrect as the passage discusses urbanization as a global phenomenon, not limited to developing countries.
• Option 2: The passage does not suggest halting urbanization, but rather managing it effectively.
• Option 4: The loss of cultural identity is not identified as the main issue in the passage.
• Option 5: While innovation and cultural exchange are mentioned, they are not highlighted as the most significant benefits of urbanization.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• Statement A: Informal settlements often emerge as a consequence of rapid urbanization.
• This statement is correct as it accurately reflects the context provided in the passage.
• Statement B: Air and water quality are improved by increased urbanization.
• This statement is incorrect as the passage mentions that air and water quality are often compromised due to urbanization, impacting the health and well-being of urban residents.
• Statement C: Community engagement does not play a role in urban development.
• This statement is incorrect as the passage emphasizes that community engagement and participation are essential components of successful urban development.
• Hence, only statement A is identified as correct in the context of the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is: ‘Only A’.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• Statement A: Cities offer a concentration of jobs and services often unavailable in rural areas.
• This statement is correct as it accurately reflects the context provided in the passage.
• Statement B: Smart city technologies have no impact on public transportation systems.
• The passage mentions that smart city technologies can improve the efficiency of urban services, including public transportation systems. Therefore, this statement is incorrect.
• Statement C: Environmental degradation is a significant issue associated with urbanization.
• This statement is correct as it aligns with the information provided in the passage about the environmental issues linked to urbanization.
• Hence, the statement B is identified as incorrect in the context of the passage.

​Therefore, the correct answer is: ‘Only B’.

The correct answer is 'increased pollution, waste generation, and resource consumption'.

Key Points

• The phrase "increased pollution, waste generation, and resource consumption" fits the context of the passage.
• The concentration of population and industry typically leads to environmental issues, making this phrase appropriate.
• Other options: "improved community engagement," "better access to healthcare services," "enhanced cultural exchange," and "reduced biodiversity loss" do not fit the context as appropriately.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Sentence: The concentration of population and industry in cities leads to increased pollution, waste generation, and resource consumption.

Additional Information

• Improved community engagement: means better involvement and participation of community members.
• Enhanced cultural exchange: means an increase in the sharing of cultures and traditions.
• Reduced biodiversity loss): means a decrease in the loss of various species and ecosystems.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e., House.

Key Points

• The word "accommodate" means to provide with a place to stay; to house or lodge. (आवास देना)
• Example: The new hostel will accommodate up to 500 students.
• "House" means to provide living quarters for; to accommodate. (आवास देना)
• Example: The facility can house over 1,000 people.
• Hence, we can infer that the word similar in meaning to 'accommodate' is 'house'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: House.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Reject (अस्वीकार करना): To refuse to accept, consider, or use.
• Example: The editor decided to reject the manuscript due to multiple errors.
• Evict (बेदखल करना): To expel someone from a property, especially with the support of the law.
• Example: The landlord had to evict the tenants for not paying rent.
• Prevent (रोकना): To stop something from happening or arising.
• Example: The measures were taken to prevent the spread of the disease.
• Neglect (उपेक्षा करना): To fail to care for properly.
• Example: The old house fell into disrepair due to years of neglect.

The correct answer is: Option 2 i.e., Exclusive.

Key Points

• The word "inclusive" means something that includes everybody and ensures that everyone can participate. (समावेशी)
• Example: The inclusive policy of the company ensures equal opportunities for all its employees.
• "Exclusive" refers to something that excludes others and is limited to a particular group or individual. (विशेष)
• Example: The club is very exclusive, admitting only those who meet its high standards.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'inclusive' is 'exclusive'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Exclusive.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Comprehensive (व्यापक): Including or dealing with all or nearly all elements or aspects of something.
• Example: The school offers a comprehensive curriculum encompassing various academic and extracurricular activities.
• Expansive (विस्तृत): Covering a wide area in terms of space or scope; extensive.
• Example: The park has expansive green lawns and walking trails.
• Equitable (न्यायसंगत): Fair and impartial.
• Example: The government aims to provide equitable healthcare for all its citizens.
• Accessible (सुलभ): Easy to approach, reach, or use.
• Example: The main library is accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities.

New income of E = 87,120 × 110% = ₹95,832 

New savings of E = 95,832 − 60,000 = ₹35,832

New expenditure of B = 57,600 × 90% = ₹51,840

New savings of B = 72,000 − 51,840 = ₹20,160

Required Difference = 35,832 − 20,160 = ₹15,672

Income of B & D = 72,000 + 72,600 = 1,44,600

Expenditure of C = 39,600

Required % = 39600/144600 x 100 = 27.39% ≈ 27.4%

Average expenditure of A, B & D = (48000+57600+54450)/3 = 160050/3 = 53,350

Income of E = 87,120

Required % = (87120 – 53350)/53350 × 100 = 63.30% ≈ 63%

New expenditure of C = 39,600 × 120% = 47,520

New savings of C = 57,600 − 47,520 = 10,080

Savings of B = 14,400

Required % = (14400 – 10080)/14400 x 100 = 30%

Savings of A, C & D = 12,000 + 18,000 + 18,150 = 48,150

Expenditure of B & E = 57,600 + 60,000 = 1,17,600

Required percent = (48150/117600) x 100 = 40.94% ≈ 41%

Calculation:

The series follows the following pattern

5 × 2 + 2 = 12

12 × 3 + 3 = 39

39 × 4 + 4 = 160

160 × 5 + 5 = 805

805 × 6 + 6 = 4836

∴ The wrong number in the given series is 4826

Considering the given series

14, 28, 56, 98, 196, 224

The logic of the given series can be explained as

14 + 14 × 1 = 28

28 + 14 × 2 = 56

56 + 14 × 3 = 98

98 + 14 × 4 = 154

154 + 14 × 5 = 224

∴ Wrong term in given number series is 196.

Considering the given series

31, 102, 165, 256, 345, 446, 562

The series follows the following pattern:

∴ Wrong term in given number series is 165.

Given:

Time taken by A is 25% more than the time taken by B to complete the work.

Time taken by C is x% of the time taken by B to complete the work.

B and C alone complete the work in 20/3 days.

A alone can complete the work in 25 days.

Formula Used:

1. Time taken by A = 1.25 × Time taken by B

2. Combined Work Formula: 1/B + 1/C = 1/Total Time

Calculation:

Let the time taken by B to complete the work = y days

Time taken by A to complete the work = 1.25y

Given: Time taken by A = 25 days

⇒ 1.25y = 25

⇒ y = 25 / 1.25

⇒ y = 20 days

Time taken by B to complete the work = 20 days

Let the time taken by C to complete the work = z days

Given: B and C alone complete the work in 20/3 days

⇒ 1/20 + 1/z = 3/20

⇒ 1/z = 3/20 - 1/20

⇒ 1/z = 2/20

⇒ z = 20/2

⇒ z = 10 days

Time taken by C to complete the work = 10 days

Value of x = (Time taken by C / Time taken by B) × 100

⇒ x = (10 / 20) × 100

⇒ x = 0.5 × 100

⇒ x = 50%

The value of x is 50%.

GIVEN:

⇒ Sudhir : Mother = 1 : 5      ----(1)

⇒ Sudhir : Father = 1 : 10      ----(2)

CALCULATION:

Making common ratios

⇒ Sudhir : Mother : Father = 1x : 5x : 10x      ----(3)

Age of Mother four years after = 39 years.

Mother’s present age = 35 years.

⇒ 5x = 35 years

⇒ 1x = 7 years

Present age of Sudhir = 7 years.

Present age of Father = 70 years.

Sum of their present age = 77 years.

Total production by India = 120 + 150 + 180 + 210 + 240 = 900 lakh

Total production by China = 180 + 210 + 240 + 270 + 330 = 1230 lakh

Required Percentage = (1230 – 900)/1230 x 100 = 26.83% ≈ 26.8%

China for Company C = 420 – 180 = 240 lakh

Total production (India + China) for Company B = 360 lakh

Required ratio = 240 : 360 = 2 : 3

Premium phones manufactured by China for Company E = 30% of 330 = 99 lakh

Premium phones manufactured by India for Company D = 20% of 210 = 42 lakh

Required Percentage = (99 – 42)/42 x 100 = 135.71% ≈ 135.7% approx.

China's production for Companies A and D = 180 + 270 = 450 lakh

India's production for Companies B and C = 150 + 180 = 330 lakh

Required Percentage = [(450 – 330)/330] x 100 = 36.36% = 36.4% approx.

China's production for Company B = (India + China) – India = 360 – 150 = 210 lakh

Average total production (India + China) for Companies C, D and E = (420 + 480 + 570)/3 = 490 lakh

Required Percentage = (210/490) x 100 = 42.857% = 43% approx.

Shortcut Trick

Let the total salary be 100 units.

Remaining after house rent (15%) = 85 units.

Remaining after groceries (40% of 85) = 85 − 34 = 51 units.

Other expenses = 1/3 of 51 = 17 units. Final remaining = 51 − 17 = 34 units.

Since 34 units = ₹8500, then 1 unit = ₹250.

Other expenses (17 units) = 17 × 250 = ₹4250.

∴ The correct answer is ₹4250.

Alternate Method

Given: Rent = 15%, Groceries = 40% of remaining, Other = 1/3 of next remaining, Final balance = ₹8500.

Calculations:

⇒ Let total salary be S.

⇒ After rent: S × (1 − 0.15) = 0.85S

⇒ After groceries: 0.85S × (1 − 0.40) = 0.85S × 0.6 = 0.51S

⇒ Final balance after other expenses (1/3rd spent, so 2/3rd left): 0.51S × (2/3) = 0.34S

⇒ 0.34S = 8500

⇒ S = 8500 ÷ 0.34 = ₹25000

⇒ Amount before other expenses = 0.51 × 25000 = ₹12750

⇒ Other expenses = 1/3 × 12750 = ₹4250

∴ The correct answer is ₹4250.

Additional Information

Successive Percentage Change

When values are spent from the remaining amount, use the multiplying factor: Final = Initial × (1 − r₁) × (1 − r₂)...

Fraction to Percentage Conversion

Spending 1/3 is equivalent to spending 33.33%. The remaining fraction is always (1 − spent fraction).

Shortcut Trick

CI for 2 years at 10% = 21% of Principal.

Scheme II Interest = 21% of 6000 = ₹1260.

Scheme I Interest = 1260 + 900 = ₹2160.

Rate (x) = (Interest × 100) ÷ (Principal × Time) = (2160 × 100) ÷ (6000 × 3) = 12%.

∴ The correct answer is 12.

Alternate Method

Given: Principal (P) = ₹6000, Time for SI = 3 years, Rate for SI = x%, Time for CI = 2 years, Rate for CI = 10%.

Formula Used: SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100; CI = P[(1 + R/100)ⁿ − 1]

⇒ Interest from Scheme II (CI) = 6000 × [(1 + 10/100)² − 1]

⇒ CI = 6000 × [1.21 − 1] = 6000 × 0.21 = ₹1260

⇒ Interest from Scheme I (SI) = 1260 + 900 = ₹2160

⇒ SI = (6000 × x × 3) ÷ 100 = 180x

⇒ 180x = 2160

⇒ x = 2160 ÷ 180 = 12

∴ The correct answer is 12.

Additional Information

Effective Rate of Compound Interest

For 2 years at R%, effective rate = (2R + R²/100)%. For 10%, it is (20 + 1) = 21%.

SI vs CI Difference for 2 Years

Difference = P × (R/100)². This is used when the principal and rate are the same for both.

Simple Interest Property

Simple interest remains constant every year if the principal and rate remain unchanged.

Given:

Ratio of the quantity of rice and wheat = 5:3

1/4th of rice and half of wheat are mixed, and the difference between them is 10 kg

30% of the initial quantity of rice and y% of the initial quantity of wheat is 180 kg

Calculation:

Difference = |(1/4 × Rice) - (1/2 × Wheat)|

Total quantity equation: 30% of Rice + y% of Wheat = 180 kg

Let the quantity of rice be 5x and the quantity of wheat be 3x

1/4th of rice = 1/4 × 5x = 5x/4

1/2 of wheat = 1/2 × 3x = 3x/2

The difference between the mixed quantities is 10 kg

⇒ |5x/4 - 3x/2| = 10

Since 3x/2 > 5x/4:

⇒ 3x/2 - 5x/4 = 10

⇒ 6x/4 - 5x/4 = 10

⇒ x/4 = 10

⇒ x = 40

Quantity of rice = 5x = 5 × 40 = 200 kg

Quantity of wheat = 3x = 3 × 40 = 120 kg

30% of rice + y% of wheat = 180 kg

⇒ 0.3 × 200 + (y/100) × 120 = 180

⇒ 60 + 1.2y = 180

⇒ 1.2y = 120

⇒ y = 120 / 1.2

⇒ y = 100

∴ The value of y is 100.

Given 

Ace Spade is lost.

Concept used

P(E) = Favourable outcomes / Total outcomes

Calculation

As a Spade has lost, 

Total number of cards = 52 -1 = 51.

Total number of black cards = 26 - 1 = 25.

P(Black Card)  = 25/51

⇒ Probability of getting a Black Card = 25/51

∴ Required answer is 25/51.

Solution:

Let the efficiency of B be 100

Then, the efficiency of C = {(100 – 25)/100} ×  100 = (75/100) ×  100 = 75

Ratio of B’s efficiency to C’s efficiency = 100: 75 = 4: 3

Ratio of time taken by B to that of C = 3: 4

Time taken by B to complete the work = (3/4) ×  12 = 9 days

x + 5 = 9

x = 4 days

So, total work = LCM of 4, 9 and 12 = 36 units

A’s efficiency = 36/4 = 9 units/day

B’s efficiency = 36/9 = 4 units/day

And, C’s efficiency = 36/12 = 3 units/day

In one day, work done = 9 + 4 + 3 = 16 units

Now, required time = 36/16 = 9/4 = 2 (1/4) days

Common solution:

Since, the sum of the percentages in a pie chart = 100%

10 + x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) + (x + 8) = 100

4x + 24 = 100

4x = 76

So, x = 19

Calculation:

Applications received by Companies A and B together = 4,800 + 9,120 = 13,920

Applications received by Company E = 12,960

Required Difference = 13,920 − 12,960 = 960

Common solution:

Since, the sum of the percentages in a pie chart = 100%

10 + x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) + (x + 8) = 100

4x + 24 = 100

4x = 76

So, x = 19

Calculation:

Increase the applications of Company C by 20% = 120% of 10080 = 2016

Required Percentage = (12096/12960) x 100 = 93.33%

Common solution:

Since, the sum of the percentages in a pie chart = 100%

10 + x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) + (x + 8) = 100

4x + 24 = 100

4x = 76

So, x = 19

Calculation: 

Shortlisted applications of Company B = 40% of 9120 = 3648

Shortlisted applications of Company D = 60% of 11040 = 6624

Required difference = 6624 – 3648 = 2976

Common solution:

Since, the sum of the percentages in a pie chart = 100%

10 + x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) + (x + 8) = 100

4x + 24 = 100

4x = 76

So, x = 19

Calculation: 

Required percent = (21 + 27)/(10 + 19 + 23) x 100 = 92.31%

Common solution:

Since, the sum of the percentages in a pie chart = 100%

10 + x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) + (x + 8) = 100

4x + 24 = 100

4x = 76

So, x = 19

Calculation: 

Required percent = (11040 – 4800)/4800 x 100 = 130%

Solution:

Investment of A = Rs. 3500

Investment of B = Rs. 4000

Investment of C = Rs. 5000

To find the value of x

3500 ×  x : 4000 ×  (x + 2): 5000 ×  (12 - (x + 2)) = 14 : 24 : 30

3500  × x /(5000  × (10 - x)) = 14/30

(35  × x)/(50  × (10 -x)) = 7/15

525x = (3500 - 350x)

875x = 3500

x = 4

Given:

Speed of train A: 15 m/s

Speed of train B: 20 m/s

Time taken by train A to cross the standing man is 4 seconds less than the time taken by train B

Length of train B is 180 meters more than the length of train A

Concept Used:

Distance = Speed × Time.

Solution:

Let L_A be the length of train A.

The time taken by train A to cross the man is t_A = L_A / 15

Let L_B be the length of train B.

The time taken by train B to cross the man is t_B = L_B / 20

Given that L_B = L_A + 180 meters.

The time taken by train A is 4 seconds less than the time taken by train B:

t_A = t_B - 4

Substituting the expressions for t_A and t_B:

L_A / 15 = (L_B / 20) - 4

Substitute L_B = L_A + 180 into the equation, we get

L_A / 15 = (L_A + 180) / 20 - 4

Multiply through by 60 to clear the denominators:

4L_A = 3(L_A + 180) - 240

4L_A = 3L_A + 540 - 240

4L_A = 3L_A + 300

L_A = 300

L_B = L_A + 180 = 300 + 180 = 480

Sum of lengths = L_A + L_B = 300 + 480 = 780

The sum of the lengths of train A and train B is 780 meters.

Shortcut Trick

Net discount % for Case 1 = 10 + 20 − (10 × 20) ÷ 100 = 28%.

Net discount % for Case 2 = 15 + 15 − (15 × 15) ÷ 100 = 27.75%.

Difference in discount % = 28% − 27.75% = 0.25%.

Change in Selling Price = 0.25% of Marked Price = 0.0025 × 10000 = 25.

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 25.

Alternate Method

Given → Marked Price (MP) = Rs. 10000, Case 1 Discounts = 10% and 20%, Case 2 Discounts = 15% and 15%.

Formulas: SP = MP × (100 − D₁)% × (100 − D₂)% | Net Discount = a + b − ab ÷ 100

⇒ Selling Price 1 (SP₁) = 10000 × (90 ÷ 100) × (80 ÷ 100) = 10000 × 0.9 × 0.8 = 7200.

⇒ Selling Price 2 (SP₂) = 10000 × (85 ÷ 100) × (85 ÷ 100) = 10000 × 0.85 × 0.85 = 7225.

⇒ Change in SP = |SP₂ − SP₁| = |7225 − 7200| = 25.

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 25.

Additional Information

Successive Discounts

Applying multiple discounts one after another is called successive discounting. The total discount is always less than the sum of individual percentages because each subsequent discount is applied to the reduced price.

Constant Sum Property

When the sum of two successive discounts is constant (e.g., 10+20=30 and 15+15=30), the pair with the larger difference provides a higher total discount and a lower SP.

Shortcut Trick

Volume ratio V_cyl : V_cone = (πr₁²h₁) : (1/3πr₂²h₂) = 3(r₁/r₂)² × (h₁/h₂).

From Statement I: r₁ : r₂ = 1 : 2 is known.

From Statement II: h₁ = 21 cm and h₂ = 21 − 7 = 14 cm. Thus, h₁ : h₂ is known.

Since both radius ratio and height ratio are required, I and II together are sufficient.

∴ The correct answer is Both statements I and II are required to answer the question.

Alternate Method

Given: Ratio of volumes of Cylinder and Cone.

Formula Used: Volume of Cylinder = πr²h; Volume of Cone = (1/3)πR²H

⇒ Volume Ratio = (πr₁²h₁) / (1/3πr₂²h₂) = 3 × (r₁/r₂)² × (h₁/h₂)

⇒ From Statement I: r₁/r₂ = 1/2. (Ratio of radii is 1 : 2)

⇒ From Statement II: h₁ = 21 cm, h₂ = 21 − 7 = 14 cm. So, h₁/h₂ = 21/14 = 3/2.

⇒ Required Ratio = 3 × (1/2)² × (3/2) = 3 × (1/4) × (3/2) = 9/8.

⇒ Statement III alone or with I/II without the other height info is insufficient to find specific heights.

∴ The correct answer is Both statements I and II are required to answer the question.

Additional Information

Volume of Solids

The volume of a Cylinder is πr²h and a Cone is 1/3πr²h. If they have same radius and height, the cylinder volume is 3 times the cone volume.

Data Sufficiency for Ratios

To find a ratio of volumes, we only need the ratio of radii and the ratio of heights, not necessarily their absolute values.

Surface Area Formulas

Curved Surface Area (CSA) of cylinder = 2πrh; CSA of cone = πrl, where l is the slant height √(r²+h²).

Shortcut Trick

To find the speed of the boat in still water (x), we need the upstream speed (u) and downstream speed (d).

Statement I gives one linear equation: 14/u + 35/d = 4.

Statement II gives another linear equation: 29/u + 24/d = 5.

Two distinct linear equations with two variables (1/u and 1/d) can be solved to find unique values for u and d, and thus x = (d + u) ÷ 2.

∴ The correct answer is both the statements together are needed.

Alternate Method

Let the speed of boat in still water be x kmph and speed of stream be y kmph.

Upstream speed (u) = x − y and Downstream speed (d) = x + y.

From Statement I: 14/u + 35/d = 4 → (Eq 1)

From Statement II: 29/u + 24/d = 5 → (Eq 2)

⇒ Let 1/u = A and 1/d = B.

⇒ 14A + 35B = 4 and 29A + 24B = 5.

⇒ Solving these two equations gives specific values for A and B, which provides u and d.

⇒ Finally, x = (u + d) ÷ 2.

∴ The correct answer is both the statements together are needed.

Additional Information

Boat and Stream Formulas

Downstream speed (d) = x + y; Upstream speed (u) = x − y. Speed of boat x = (d + u) ÷ 2; Speed of stream y = (d − u) ÷ 2.

Data Sufficiency Tip

For two unknown variables, you generally require two independent equations to find unique values. Always check if equations are redundant or inconsistent.

Given: Nine persons - C, G, J, L, O, Q, S, Y, and Z are sitting in a linear row such that all of them are facing north direction.

1. S sits third to the left of C but does not sit at the ends. 
2. Only two persons sit between C and O. 

Here, there are two cases, i.e., Case 1 and case 2.

3. Q sits third to the right of Z. 

4. Z sits adjacent to S but not sitting at the left end. 

5. Only one person sits between Q and L, who doesn’t sit adjacent to O. 

6. The number of persons sitting to the right of L is one less than the number of persons sitting to the left of Y. 

7. G sits to the right of J but doesn’t sit to the right of O. Case 1 is eliminated because G sits to the right of O. Hence, the final arrangement: 

O sits to the right of Q.

Hence, the correct answer is ‘O’.

Given: Nine persons - C, G, J, L, O, Q, S, Y, and Z are sitting in a linear row such that all of them are facing north direction.

1. S sits third to the left of C but does not sit at the ends. 
2. Only two persons sit between C and O. 

Here, there are two cases, i.e., Case 1 and case 2.

3. Q sits third to the right of Z. 

4. Z sits adjacent to S but not sitting at the left end. 

5. Only one person sits between Q and L, who doesn’t sit adjacent to O. 

6. The number of persons sitting to the right of L is one less than the number of persons sitting to the left of Y. 

7. G sits to the right of J but doesn’t sit to the right of O. Case 1 is eliminated because G sits to the right of O. Hence, the final arrangement: 

No one sits between S and Z.

Hence, the correct answer is ‘None’.

Given: Nine persons - C, G, J, L, O, Q, S, Y, and Z are sitting in a linear row such that all of them are facing north direction.

1. S sits third to the left of C but does not sit at the ends. 
2. Only two persons sit between C and O. 

Here, there are two cases, i.e., Case 1 and case 2.

3. Q sits third to the right of Z. 

4. Z sits adjacent to S but not sitting at the left end. 

5. Only one person sits between Q and L, who doesn’t sit adjacent to O. 

6. The number of persons sitting to the right of L is one less than the number of persons sitting to the left of Y. 

7. G sits to the right of J but doesn’t sit to the right of O. Case 1 is eliminated because G sits to the right of O. Hence, the final arrangement: 

S sits third from the left end.

Hence, the correct answer is ‘S’.

Given: Nine persons - C, G, J, L, O, Q, S, Y, and Z are sitting in a linear row such that all of them are facing north direction.

1. S sits third to the left of C but does not sit at the ends. 
2. Only two persons sit between C and O. 

Here, there are two cases, i.e., Case 1 and case 2.

3. Q sits third to the right of Z. 

4. Z sits adjacent to S but not sitting at the left end. 

5. Only one person sits between Q and L, who doesn’t sit adjacent to O. 

6. The number of persons sitting to the right of L is one less than the number of persons sitting to the left of Y. 

7. G sits to the right of J but doesn’t sit to the right of O. Case 1 is eliminated because G sits to the right of O. Hence, the final arrangement: 

True statements:

2. Only two persons sit between J and Y
3. O sits at the right end of the row

Hence, the correct answer is ‘Both 2 and 3’.

Given: Nine persons - C, G, J, L, O, Q, S, Y, and Z are sitting in a linear row such that all of them are facing north direction.

1. S sits third to the left of C but does not sit at the ends. 
2. Only two persons sit between C and O. 

Here, there are two cases, i.e., Case 1 and case 2.

3. Q sits third to the right of Z. 

4. Z sits adjacent to S but not sitting at the left end. 

5. Only one person sits between Q and L, who doesn’t sit adjacent to O. 

6. The number of persons sitting to the right of L is one less than the number of persons sitting to the left of Y. 

7. G sits to the right of J but doesn’t sit to the right of O. Case 1 is eliminated because G sits to the right of O. Hence, the final arrangement: 

O sits to the immediate right of G.

Hence, the correct answer is ‘G, O’.

Given: Seven persons A, B, C, M, N, P, and R are of different heights. 

1. M is taller than B, who is taller than both N and A. 

M > B > N, A

2. R is taller than both N and C. 

R > N, C

3. The number of persons taller than N is the same as shorter than N. 

_ > _ > _ > N > _ > _ > _

4. B is shorter than R, who is not the tallest person. 

M > R > B > N > _ > _ > _

5. Only two persons are between B and P, who is taller than C. 

M > R > B > N > _ > P > C

Final arrangement:

M > R > B > N > A > P > C

C is shorter than N and P, so the possible height of C = 58 inches

Hence, the correct answer is ‘58 inches’.

Given: Seven persons A, B, C, M, N, P, and R are of different heights. 

1. M is taller than B, who is taller than both N and A. 

M > B > N, A

2. R is taller than both N and C. 

R > N, C

3. The number of persons taller than N is the same as shorter than N. 

_ > _ > _ > N > _ > _ > _

4. B is shorter than R, who is not the tallest person. 

M > R > B > N > _ > _ > _

5. Only two persons are between B and P, who is taller than C. 

M > R > B > N > _ > P > C

Final arrangement:

M > R > B > N > A > P > C

Three persons are between R and P.

Hence, the correct answer is ‘Three’.

Given: Seven persons A, B, C, M, N, P, and R are of different heights. 

1. M is taller than B, who is taller than both N and A. 

M > B > N, A

2. R is taller than both N and C. 

R > N, C

3. The number of persons taller than N is the same as shorter than N. 

_ > _ > _ > N > _ > _ > _

4. B is shorter than R, who is not the tallest person. 

M > R > B > N > _ > _ > _

5. Only two persons are between B and P, who is taller than C. 

M > R > B > N > _ > P > C

Final arrangement:

M > R > B > N > A > P > C

A is the third shortest.

Hence, the correct answer is ‘A’.

Given Word: PLANET

1st letter = P; 2nd letter = L; 3rd letter = A; 5th letter = E

Letters given:  P L A E

Possible words: PALE (light in colour), LEAP (to jump), PEAL (a loud sound), PLEA (a request made in an urgent and emotional manner).

Hence, more than one such word can be made, and the answer is Y.

Given: Seven persons – A, B, C, D, E, F and G are working in the Indian army at different designations such as General, Brigadier, Colonel, Lt. Colonel, Major, Captain, and Subedar. The hierarchy of the designations is given in decreasing order such that General is the seniormost designation and Subedar is the juniormost designation. All of them like different cities i.e., Indore, Delhi, Mumbai, Dehradun, Mumbai, Surat and Noida. All the information given are not necessarily in the same order. 

1. The one who likes Delhi is immediately junior to D, who is three designations senior to G, who is not the Subedar. 
2. Only one person is designated between D and E, who is immediately junior to A. 
3. Only three persons are designated between A and the one who likes Surat. 

Here, there are two cases, i.e., Case 1 and case 2.