SBI PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 8 March 2025 Shift 4) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Key Points

• Introduction of the Author: Sentence C introduces Jenny Erpenbeck and provides essential background information, setting up the paragraph for further details. It mentions the key event (fall of the Berlin Wall) that shaped her writing, establishing the necessary context.
• Narrative Style: Sentence B follows logically by describing her narrative style and its unique characteristics. This builds on the introduction by giving readers an idea of how she tells her stories.
• Themes in Her Works: Sentence D then lists specific works and explores the general themes of her novels, such as loss and transition, which is a natural progression from discussing her narrative style.
• Contextual Issues: Sentence A places her works within the larger socio-political context of Europe's past and current crises. This connects her themes to real-world issues, adding depth to the previous points.
• Recognition and Achievement: Sentence E concludes with a specific example of her critical acclaim, namely the International Booker Prize, emphasizing her significance and leaving a strong final impression.
• The correct sequence is C, B, D, A, E.
• Hence, the first sentence is C.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'C'.

Rearranged Paragraph:

Jenny Erpenbeck’s writing, deeply shaped by the fall of the Berlin Wall, delicately captures the personal amidst political upheaval. Erpenbeck's uniquely poignant, detail-oriented narrative style meets history at odd angles, capturing the complexity of truth in her storytelling. Erpenbeck's works, from Visitation to Go, Went, Gone, explore themes of loss and transition, intertwining the grand arcs of history with intimate human experiences. Her novels address Europe's past and its ongoing crises, confronting issues like migration and the rise of authoritarianism. Her fourth novel, Kairos, translated by Michael Hoffman, won the International Booker Prize, spotlighting her as a key contemporary European author.

The correct answer is 'Option 5'.

Key Points

• Introduction of the Author: Sentence C introduces Jenny Erpenbeck and provides essential background information, setting up the paragraph for further details. It mentions the key event (fall of the Berlin Wall) that shaped her writing, establishing the necessary context.
• Narrative Style: Sentence B follows logically by describing her narrative style and its unique characteristics. This builds on the introduction by giving readers an idea of how she tells her stories.
• Themes in Her Works: Sentence D then lists specific works and explores the general themes of her novels, such as loss and transition, which is a natural progression from discussing her narrative style.
• Contextual Issues: Sentence A places her works within the larger socio-political context of Europe's past and current crises. This connects her themes to real-world issues, adding depth to the previous points.
• Recognition and Achievement: Sentence E concludes with a specific example of her critical acclaim, namely the International Booker Prize, emphasizing her significance and leaving a strong final impression.
• The correct sequence is C, B, D, A, E.
• Hence, the last sentence is E.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'E'.

Rearranged Paragraph:

Jenny Erpenbeck’s writing, deeply shaped by the fall of the Berlin Wall, delicately captures the personal amidst political upheaval. Erpenbeck's uniquely poignant, detail-oriented narrative style meets history at odd angles, capturing the complexity of truth in her storytelling. Erpenbeck's works, from Visitation to Go, Went, Gone, explore themes of loss and transition, intertwining the grand arcs of history with intimate human experiences. Her novels address Europe's past and its ongoing crises, confronting issues like migration and the rise of authoritarianism. Her fourth novel, Kairos, translated by Michael Hoffman, won the International Booker Prize, spotlighting her as a key contemporary European author.

The correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Key Points

• Introduction of the Author: Sentence C introduces Jenny Erpenbeck and provides essential background information, setting up the paragraph for further details. It mentions the key event (fall of the Berlin Wall) that shaped her writing, establishing the necessary context.
• Narrative Style: Sentence B follows logically by describing her narrative style and its unique characteristics. This builds on the introduction by giving readers an idea of how she tells her stories.
• Themes in Her Works: Sentence D then lists specific works and explores the general themes of her novels, such as loss and transition, which is a natural progression from discussing her narrative style.
• Contextual Issues: Sentence A places her works within the larger socio-political context of Europe's past and current crises. This connects her themes to real-world issues, adding depth to the previous points.
• Recognition and Achievement: Sentence E concludes with a specific example of her critical acclaim, namely the International Booker Prize, emphasizing her significance and leaving a strong final impression.
• The correct sequence is C, B, D, A, E.
• Hence, the third sentence is D.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'D'.

Rearranged Paragraph:

Jenny Erpenbeck’s writing, deeply shaped by the fall of the Berlin Wall, delicately captures the personal amidst political upheaval. Erpenbeck's uniquely poignant, detail-oriented narrative style meets history at odd angles, capturing the complexity of truth in her storytelling. Erpenbeck's works, from Visitation to Go, Went, Gone, explore themes of loss and transition, intertwining the grand arcs of history with intimate human experiences. Her novels address Europe's past and its ongoing crises, confronting issues like migration and the rise of authoritarianism. Her fourth novel, Kairos, translated by Michael Hoffman, won the International Booker Prize, spotlighting her as a key contemporary European author.

The correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Key Points

• Introduction of the Author: Sentence C introduces Jenny Erpenbeck and provides essential background information, setting up the paragraph for further details. It mentions the key event (fall of the Berlin Wall) that shaped her writing, establishing the necessary context.
• Narrative Style: Sentence B follows logically by describing her narrative style and its unique characteristics. This builds on the introduction by giving readers an idea of how she tells her stories.
• Themes in Her Works: Sentence D then lists specific works and explores the general themes of her novels, such as loss and transition, which is a natural progression from discussing her narrative style.
• Contextual Issues: Sentence A places her works within the larger socio-political context of Europe's past and current crises. This connects her themes to real-world issues, adding depth to the previous points.
• Recognition and Achievement: Sentence E concludes with a specific example of her critical acclaim, namely the International Booker Prize, emphasizing her significance and leaving a strong final impression.
• The correct sequence is C, B, D, A, E.
• Hence, the fourth sentence is A.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'A'.

Rearranged Paragraph:

Jenny Erpenbeck’s writing, deeply shaped by the fall of the Berlin Wall, delicately captures the personal amidst political upheaval. Erpenbeck's uniquely poignant, detail-oriented narrative style meets history at odd angles, capturing the complexity of truth in her storytelling. Erpenbeck's works, from Visitation to Go, Went, Gone, explore themes of loss and transition, intertwining the grand arcs of history with intimate human experiences. Her novels address Europe's past and its ongoing crises, confronting issues like migration and the rise of authoritarianism. Her fourth novel, Kairos, translated by Michael Hoffman, won the International Booker Prize, spotlighting her as a key contemporary European author.

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Key Points

• Introduction of the Author: Sentence C introduces Jenny Erpenbeck and provides essential background information, setting up the paragraph for further details. It mentions the key event (fall of the Berlin Wall) that shaped her writing, establishing the necessary context.
• Narrative Style: Sentence B follows logically by describing her narrative style and its unique characteristics. This builds on the introduction by giving readers an idea of how she tells her stories.
• Themes in Her Works: Sentence D then lists specific works and explores the general themes of her novels, such as loss and transition, which is a natural progression from discussing her narrative style.
• Contextual Issues: Sentence A places her works within the larger socio-political context of Europe's past and current crises. This connects her themes to real-world issues, adding depth to the previous points.
• Recognition and Achievement: Sentence E concludes with a specific example of her critical acclaim, namely the International Booker Prize, emphasizing her significance and leaving a strong final impression.
• The correct sequence is C, B, D, A, E.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'CBDAE'.

Rearranged Paragraph:

Jenny Erpenbeck’s writing, deeply shaped by the fall of the Berlin Wall, delicately captures the personal amidst political upheaval. Erpenbeck's uniquely poignant, detail-oriented narrative style meets history at odd angles, capturing the complexity of truth in her storytelling. Erpenbeck's works, from Visitation to Go, Went, Gone, explore themes of loss and transition, intertwining the grand arcs of history with intimate human experiences. Her novels address Europe's past and its ongoing crises, confronting issues like migration and the rise of authoritarianism. Her fourth novel, Kairos, translated by Michael Hoffman, won the International Booker Prize, spotlighting her as a key contemporary European author.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• To answer this question, let's first understand the meaning of the word given in the question:
• Sustain: to support, hold, or bear up from below; to bear (a burden, charge, etc.); to keep (a person, the mind, the spirits, etc.) from giving way, as under trial or affliction; to keep up or keep going, as an action or process. (सहारा देना, बनाए रखना)
• Now, let's examine the given sentences:
• Sentence A: The runner ate energy gels during the marathon to help sustain her energy levels.
• This sentence correctly uses the word "sustain" to describe maintaining the runner's energy levels during the marathon.
• Sentence B: The old wooden bridge was strong enough to sustain the weight of the heavy truck.
• This sentence also correctly uses the word "sustain" to describe bearing the weight of the heavy truck.
• Sentence C: After the storm, the city council decided to sustain a new park in the downtown area.
• This sentence incorrectly uses the word "sustain." The correct word should be "establish" or "maintain."

Therefore, the correct answer is "Both A & B."

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• To answer this question, let's first understand the meaning of the word given in the question:
• Idol: a person or thing that is greatly admired, loved, or revered; an image or representation of a god used as an object of worship. (मूर्ति, आदर्श)
• Now, let's examine the given sentences:
• Sentence A: Teenagers around the world looked up to the pop star as their ultimate idol.
• This sentence correctly uses the word "idol" to describe the pop star as someone who is greatly admired by teenagers.
• Sentence B: The factory machinery has been lying idol ever since the production line was shut down.
• This sentence incorrectly uses the word "idol." The correct word should be "idle."
• Sentence C: The ancient temple housed a golden idol that was revered by the local community.
• This sentence correctly uses the word "idol" to describe a golden image or representation worshipped in the temple.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Both A & C."

The correct answer is Option 2 i.e. The insightful documentary provides a fascinating glimpse into the mysterious lives of deep-sea creatures.

Key Points

• Option 1: "The city police is investigating..." is incorrect as "police" is a plural noun and should take the plural verb "are" instead of "is."
• Option 3: "...prevented me from enter..." is grammatically incorrect. The correct form should be "prevented me from entering."
• Option 4: "...suffering with a severe viral infection..." is incorrect. The correct phrase is "suffering from" instead of "suffering with."
• Option 5: "Scarcely the strict teacher entered..." has an incorrect sentence structure. The correct structure should be "Scarcely had the strict teacher entered..." as it follows the rule of inversion after "scarcely."
• Option 2 is correct and grammatically sound. It is the only sentence that is both contextually and grammatically accurate.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information

• Subject-Verb Agreement: Ensure that the subject and verb agree in number (singular/plural).
• Gerunds: After prepositions (e.g., "from"), the verb should take the "-ing" form (e.g., "entering").
• Inversion Rules: Words like "scarcely," "hardly," "no sooner," etc., require inversion (auxiliary verb + subject + main verb).

The correct answer is 2 i.e. Despite working tirelessly for six months, the engineering team could not meet the project deadline.

Key Points

• Option 1: The phrase "postponed for tomorrow morning" is incorrect. The correct phrasing would be "postponed until tomorrow morning." Hence, this option is incorrect.
• Option 2: The sentence is grammatically correct and contextually meaningful. It accurately conveys that despite the team's hard work, they could not meet the deadline. Hence, this is the correct answer.
• Option 3: The phrase "why was his online order delayed" is incorrect in this context. The correct phrasing should be "why his online order was delayed." Thus, this option is incorrect.
• Option 4: The phrase "Many a dedicated student have" is grammatically incorrect. "Many a" should be followed by a singular noun and singular verb, so it should be "Many a dedicated student has." Hence, this option is incorrect.
• Option 5: The phrase "If she will invite me" is incorrect. In conditional sentences, the correct phrasing is "If she invites me." Therefore, this option is incorrect.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information

• Conditional Sentences:
• 1^st Conditional: Used for real or possible situations. Example: "If it rains, we will stay inside."
• 2^nd Conditional: Used for hypothetical or unlikely situations. Example: "If I were rich, I would travel the world."
• 3^rd Conditional: Refers to unreal situations in the past. Example: "If I had studied, I would have passed the exam."
• Common Errors in Grammar: Ensure subject-verb agreement, correct word order in indirect questions, and proper phrasing in conditional sentences.

The correct answer is '4' i.e. The new high-speed rail network is expected to cut travel time between the twin cities by more than a half.

Key Points

• The phrase "more than a half" is grammatically incorrect.
• The correct phrase should be "more than half," as "a half" is not commonly used in this context.
• It is essential to use proper quantifiers when describing amounts or proportions.

Correct sentence: The new high-speed rail network is expected to cut travel time between the twin cities by more than half.

Additional Information

• Usage of Quantifiers:
• "Half" is used: When referring to proportions without "a" (e.g., half the time).
• "A half" is used: In very specific contexts like fractions (e.g., a half-liter of water).
• Common Error: Mixing quantifiers improperly can lead to incorrect sentences.

The correct answer is '2' i.e. The chief strategist suggested to pivot the company's core focus toward high-margin enterprise software subscriptions.

Key Points

• Option 2 contains a grammatical error. The phrase "suggested to pivot" is incorrect.
• In English, the verb "suggest" should be followed by a gerund (verb + -ing) or a noun phrase, not the infinitive form (to + verb).
• The correct structure should be "suggested pivoting" instead of "suggested to pivot."

Correct sentence: The chief strategist suggested pivoting the company's core focus toward high-margin enterprise software subscriptions.

Additional Information

• Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds: Suggest, recommend, enjoy, avoid, consider, etc.
• Examples:
• Correct: She suggested taking a different route.
• Incorrect: She suggested to take a different route.

The correct answer is 'balance'.

Key Points

• The sentence describes life for a tarantula as something delicate that involves survival.
• "Balance" in this context refers to a delicate equilibrium or a careful management of various factors to ensure survival. This fits well with the idea that the tarantula's life is a careful navigation of challenges to stay alive.
• "Dance" implies a coordinated movement, which doesn't quite fit the broader concept of survival.
• "Act" is too general.
• "Display" suggests showing something, which isn't the primary meaning here.
• "Struggle" implies continuous effort against difficulty, which, while true, "balance" better captures the delicate nature mentioned.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Passage: In the dimly lit world of the tarantula, life is a delicate 1. balance of survival. These formidable-looking arachnids, often misunderstood, are actually quite 2. _____creatures, preferring to avoid confrontation. Their primary defense mechanism isn't aggression, but rather the 3. _____of urticating hairs from their abdomen, which can cause intense irritation to predators. When hunting, tarantulas rely on their keen sense of 4. _____and the vibrations of the ground to detect unsuspecting prey. Once a victim is within striking distance, the tarantula delivers a rapid 5. ______of venom through its fangs, paralyzing its meal. Despite their fearsome 6. ______, most tarantula bites are not harmful to humans, often compared to a bee sting.

Additional Information

• Dance: A rhythmic movement, often to music.
• Act: A thing done; a deed.
• Display: An act of displaying or something displayed.
• Struggle: Make forceful or violent efforts to get free of restraint or constriction.

The correct answer is 'docile'.

Key Points

• The passage states that tarantulas are "often misunderstood" and "preferring to avoid confrontation." This suggests a non-aggressive nature.
• Docile means easy to manage or submissive, which perfectly aligns with the description of tarantulas preferring to avoid confrontation.
• Fierce contradicts the idea of avoiding confrontation.
• Active and swift describe their physical capabilities, not their temperament regarding aggression.
• Solitary describes their social habits, not their preference for avoiding conflict.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: In the dimly lit world of the tarantula, life is a delicate 1. balance of survival. These formidable-looking arachnids, often misunderstood, are actually quite 2. docile creatures, preferring to avoid confrontation. Their primary defense mechanism isn't aggression, but rather the 3. _____of urticating hairs from their abdomen, which can cause intense irritation to predators. When hunting, tarantulas rely on their keen sense of 4. _____and the vibrations of the ground to detect unsuspecting prey. Once a victim is within striking distance, the tarantula delivers a rapid 5. _____of venom through its fangs, paralyzing its meal. Despite their fearsome 6. _____, most tarantula bites are not harmful to humans, often compared to a bee sting.

Additional Information

• Fierce: Having or displaying an intense or ferocious aggressiveness.
• Active: Engaging or ready to engage in physically energetic pursuits.
• Swift: Moving or capable of moving at high speed.
• Solitary: Done or existing alone.

The correct answer is 'expulsion'.

Key Points

• The passage describes the tarantula's primary defense mechanism as involving "urticating hairs from their abdomen, which can cause intense irritation to predators." For these hairs to cause irritation, they must be released or thrown off the abdomen.
• Expulsion means the action of forcing something out, which accurately describes how the tarantula would use its hairs for defense.
• Absorption (taking in) and retraction (drawing back) are the opposite of what is needed for a defense mechanism that causes irritation to predators.
• Attraction and growth are not relevant to the immediate defense mechanism of releasing irritating hairs.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: In the dimly lit world of the tarantula, life is a delicate 1. balance of survival. These formidable-looking arachnids, often misunderstood, are actually quite 2. docile creatures, preferring to avoid confrontation. Their primary defense mechanism isn't aggression, but rather the 3. expulsion of urticating hairs from their abdomen, which can cause intense irritation to predators. When hunting, tarantulas rely on their keen sense of 4. _____and the vibrations of the ground to detect unsuspecting prey. Once a victim is within striking distance, the tarantula delivers a rapid 5. _____of venom through its fangs, paralyzing its meal. Despite their fearsome 6. _____, most tarantula bites are not harmful to humans, often compared to a bee sting.

Additional Information

• Absorption: The process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.
• Retraction: The action of drawing something back or in.
• Attraction: The action or power of evoking interest, pleasure, or liking for someone or something.
• Growth: The process of increasing in amount, value, or importance.

The correct answer is 'touch'.

Key Points

• The sentence states that tarantulas "rely on their keen sense of ____ (4) and the vibrations of the ground to detect unsuspecting prey."
• Tarantulas are known for their extreme sensitivity to vibrations. This ability is a form of mechanoreception, which falls under the broader sense of touch. They use specialized hairs and receptors on their legs to detect even the slightest movements on the ground, indicating the presence of prey or predators.
• Sight is generally poor in tarantulas, especially in a "dimly lit world," and not their primary hunting sense.
• While they have some chemoreception (related to smell and taste), these are not directly linked to detecting "vibrations of the ground" for hunting.
• Tarantulas don't possess a typical sense of hearing as mammals do, but their ability to detect vibrations serves a similar purpose in sensing their environment, which is fundamentally a tactile sense.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Complete Passage: In the dimly lit world of the tarantula, life is a delicate 1. balance of survival. These formidable-looking arachnids, often misunderstood, are actually quite 2. docile creatures, preferring to avoid confrontation. Their primary defense mechanism isn't aggression, but rather the 3. expulsion of urticating hairs from their abdomen, which can cause intense irritation to predators. When hunting, tarantulas rely on their keen sense of 4. touch and the vibrations of the ground to detect unsuspecting prey. Once a victim is within striking distance, the tarantula delivers a rapid 5. _____of venom through its fangs, paralyzing its meal. Despite their fearsome 6. _____, most tarantula bites are not harmful to humans, often compared to a bee sting.

Additional Information

• Sight: The faculty or power of seeing. Tarantulas have poor eyesight.
• Smell: The faculty or power of perceiving odors or scents.
• Hearing: The faculty of perceiving sounds.
• Taste: The sensation of flavor perceived in the mouth and throat on contact with a substance.

The correct answer is 'injection'.

Key Points

• The sentence describes how a tarantula delivers venom: "the tarantula delivers a rapid ____ (5) of venom through its fangs, paralyzing its meal."
• When a substance like venom is introduced into the body of another creature via a sharp point (like fangs or a needle), the correct term is injection. This precisely describes the action of the tarantula using its fangs to introduce venom.
• Incision refers to a cut, not the delivery of a liquid.
• Absorption is the process of taking something in, which is the opposite of delivering.
• Secretion is the process by which a substance is produced and discharged from a gland. While venom is a secreted substance, the act of delivering it through fangs into a victim is best described as an injection, not just secretion. "Secretion of venom" refers to its production, not its direct delivery into a target.
• Explosion is clearly irrelevant to the context.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Complete Passage: In the dimly lit world of the tarantula, life is a delicate 1. balance of survival. These formidable-looking arachnids, often misunderstood, are actually quite 2. docile creatures, preferring to avoid confrontation. Their primary defense mechanism isn't aggression, but rather the 3. expulsion of urticating hairs from their abdomen, which can cause intense irritation to predators. When hunting, tarantulas rely on their keen sense of 4. touch and the vibrations of the ground to detect unsuspecting prey. Once a victim is within striking distance, the tarantula delivers a rapid 5. injection of venom through its fangs, paralyzing its meal. Despite their fearsome 6. _____, most tarantula bites are not harmful to humans, often compared to a bee sting.

Additional Information

• Incision: A cut made into skin or flesh, especially during surgery.
• Absorption: The process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.
• Secretion: A process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in the organism or for excretion.
• Explosion: A violent bursting or expansion; a sudden and dramatic increase in the occurrence or amount of something.

The correct answer is 'reputation'.

Key Points

• The sentence reads: "Despite their fearsome ____ (6), most tarantula bites are not harmful to humans, often compared to a bee sting." This indicates a contrast between what people commonly perceive about tarantulas and the reality of their bites.
• Earlier in the passage, tarantulas are described as "often misunderstood." This directly points to the idea that their public image or perception might be inaccurate or exaggerated.
• A reputation refers to the beliefs or opinions that are generally held about someone or something. Tarantulas have a fearsome reputation largely due to myths, their appearance, and common misconceptions about their venomous nature. The phrase "Despite their fearsome reputation" perfectly sets up the contrast with the actual mildness of their bites.
• While their appearance (Option 1) certainly contributes to why they are perceived as fearsome ("formidable-looking" is mentioned earlier), "reputation" encompasses the broader public perception and the "misunderstood" aspect more completely. People's fear often stems from what they've heard or believe about tarantulas (their reputation), rather than just their immediate visual impact.
• Size (Option 3) and speed (Option 4) are characteristics, not the overarching reason for their "fearsome" quality in this context of their bite's effect.
• Habits (Option 5) refers to their behaviors, which don't directly explain why their fearsome quality is contrasted with a harmless bite.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Complete Passage: In the dimly lit world of the tarantula, life is a delicate 1. balance of survival. These formidable-looking arachnids, often misunderstood, are actually quite 2. docile creatures, preferring to avoid confrontation. Their primary defense mechanism isn't aggression, but rather the 3. expulsion of urticating hairs from their abdomen, which can cause intense irritation to predators. When hunting, tarantulas rely on their keen sense of 4. touch and the vibrations of the ground to detect unsuspecting prey. Once a victim is within striking distance, the tarantula delivers a rapid 5. injection of venom through its fangs, paralyzing its meal. Despite their fearsome 6. reputation, most tarantula bites are not harmful to humans, often compared to a bee sting.

Additional Information

• Appearance: The way that someone or something looks.
• Size: The relative extent of something; a thing's overall dimensions or magnitude.
• Speed: The rate at which someone or something is able to move or operate.
• Habits: A settled or regular tendency or practice, especially one that is hard to give up.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The primary issue in the original sentence is the lack of parallelism in the list following the colon.
• The introductory clause "India’s economy continues to improve" establishes an ongoing present situation. Therefore, the supporting evidence should be in a consistent, parallel grammatical form.
• The original sentence mixes the simple past ("eased"), present perfect ("has grown"), and present continuous ("is rising").
• Option 1 corrects this by using the present continuous form (progressive) for all three elements: "is easing," "growing," and "rising" (where "is" is elliptically understood for the latter two), creating a balanced and grammatically correct structure.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.

Correct Sentence: "India’s economy continues to improve this year: inflation is easing, production growing and trade rising."

Additional Information

• Option 2: "inflation has eased, production growing..." – This remains non-parallel because it mixes the present perfect tense with present participles.
• Option 3: "inflation will ease..." – The use of the future tense ("will") is inconsistent with the main clause which states the economy "continues" (present) to improve.
• Option 4: "inflation would ease, production grew..." – This uses conditional and past tense forms, which do not fit the context of a current, ongoing trend.
• No Improvement: This is incorrect because the original sentence violates the rule of parallel structure in a series.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the use of the incorrect verb "undertake" in relation to the noun "suicide."
• In English, certain nouns have specific verbs they "collocate" with (words that naturally go together).
• The standard idiomatic expression used for the act of taking one's own life is "commit suicide."
• The verb "undertake" means to promise to do something or to begin a task, which is not appropriate in this context.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Correct Sentence: "Many farmers in India commit suicide as they are unable to repay huge sums of debt."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "do suicide" – This is grammatically incorrect; "do" is not the verb used with this noun.
• Option 3: "meet suicide" – This is incorrect. While one can "meet one's end," the phrase "meet suicide" is not a standard English expression.
• Option 4: "act suicide" – This is incorrect and does not convey the intended meaning of performing the act.
• Option 5: "No Improvement" – This is incorrect because the original phrase "undertake suicide" is an error in collocation.

The correct answer is Option 5.

Key Points

• The original phrase "makes it possible" is grammatically correct in this context.
• In English, the construction "make + it + adjective + to-infinitive" uses "it" as a dummy or preparatory object that refers to the subsequent infinitive phrase ("to intercept most speeders").
• The subject of the sentence is "The use" (singular), which correctly agrees with the singular verb "makes."
• Since the underlined portion is idiomatic and follows standard grammatical rules, no changes are needed.

Therefore, the correct answer is No improvement.

Correct Sentence: "The use of radar as well as two-way radio paging makes it possible for state police to intercept most speeders."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "eliminates the impossibility" – This is a double negative and an overly wordy way to express that something is possible.
• Option 2: "allows the possibility" – While not strictly ungrammatical, it is less direct and less idiomatic than "makes it possible."
• Option 3: "makes possible" – This is incorrect here because it lacks the dummy object "it" required when an infinitive phrase follows the adjective.
• Option 4: "facilitates the possibility" – This is redundant and unnecessarily complex for the intended meaning of the sentence.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The primary issue in the sentence is the word order of the adjective "old" and the adverb "enough."
• In English grammar, when "enough" is used as an adverb to modify an adjective or another adverb, it must be placed after the word it modifies.
• The correct phrase should be "old enough," where "old" is the adjective and "enough" follows it.
• Thus, the underlined part "enough old" should be replaced by "old enough."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2.

Correct Sentence: "If you are 18, you are old enough to drive a vehicle."

Additional Information

• Option 1: "enough" – This is incorrect because it removes the adjective "old," making the sentence incomplete and changing its meaning.
• Option 3: "old" – This is incorrect because it lacks the adverb of degree needed to satisfy the condition "to drive a vehicle."
• Option 4: "enough older" – This is grammatically incorrect. "Enough" is typically used with positive-degree adjectives, not comparative ones like "older," in this structure.
• No Improvement – This is incorrect because the original word order "enough old" is ungrammatical.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The error in the sentence lies in the use of the full infinitive "to speak" after the verb "heard."
• Verbs of perception such as hear, see, watch, feel, and notice are followed by an object and then either a bare infinitive (the base form of the verb without "to") or a present participle (-ing form).
• Using a bare infinitive (speak) implies that we heard the whole action or the fact of the action, while using a present participle (speaking) would imply we heard a part of the action in progress.
• In this context, the bare infinitive "speak" is the correct grammatical choice among the given options.
• Thus, the correct alternative is Option 3.

Therefore, the correct answer is speak.

Correct Sentence: "We heard the professor speak on very important topics."

Additional Information

• had speak: This is grammatically incorrect; "had" requires a past participle (e.g., had spoken), but that construction does not fit the sentence structure here.
• have speak: This is grammatically incorrect as "have" also requires a past participle and does not fit the context.
• spoken: The past participle cannot be used directly after the object in this perception verb construction.
• No Improvement: This is incorrect because "to speak" is a grammatical error in this specific syntax.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The paragraph discusses the increasing sophistication of artificial intelligence (AI) systems and their integration into critical societal infrastructure.
• Sentence B is the first sentence as it introduces the context of AI becoming more sophisticated and its integration into society:
• "As artificial intelligence systems become increasingly sophisticated."
• Sentence D follows as it elaborates on how AI is deeply integrated into societal infrastructure:
• "And deeply integrated into critical societal infrastructure."
• Sentence E is the third sentence as it introduces the challenges policymakers face due to these developments:
• "Policymakers are confronting unprecedented ethical dilemmas."
• Sentence C follows as it specifies the areas of concern for policymakers:
• "Regarding data privacy, algorithmic bias, and autonomous decision-making."
• Sentence A concludes the paragraph by emphasizing the need for regulatory frameworks to address the challenges mentioned:
• "Emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive regulatory frameworks."
• The correct sequence is BDECA.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"As artificial intelligence systems become increasingly sophisticated and deeply integrated into critical societal infrastructure, policymakers are confronting unprecedented ethical dilemmas regarding data privacy, algorithmic bias, and autonomous decision-making, emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive regulatory frameworks."

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The given sentence fragments need to be logically arranged to form a coherent and meaningful paragraph.
• Sentence D is the first sentence as it introduces the mission to colonize Mars, setting the foundation for the paragraph:
• "The ambitious multi-billion-dollar mission to colonize Mars."
• Sentence C follows as it elaborates on the requirements for the mission, specifically the advancements needed:
• "Requires not only monumental advancements in aerospace engineering."
• Sentence B comes next as it lists the development of sustainable ecosystems as part of these requirements:
• "But also the development of sustainable, self-replicating biological ecosystems."
• Sentence E follows as it adds specific technological details related to these ecosystems:
• "And closed-loop water purification systems."
• Sentence A concludes the paragraph by summarizing the ultimate goal of supporting human life in a hostile environment:
• "Capable of supporting human life in a fiercely hostile environment."
• The correct sequence is DCBEA.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"The ambitious multi-billion-dollar mission to colonize Mars requires not only monumental advancements in aerospace engineering but also the development of sustainable, self-replicating biological ecosystems and closed-loop water purification systems capable of supporting human life in a fiercely hostile environment."

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The given question requires arranging the segments to form a coherent sentence or paragraph.
• The correct sequence is determined by logical flow and grammatical structure.
• Sentence C is the most appropriate starting point as it introduces the subject (carnivorous plants) and sets the context:
• "Certain fascinating species of carnivorous plants have uniquely evolved."
• Sentence A logically follows as it describes the specialized feature of these plants:
• "Highly specialized, modified leaves that function as lethal traps."
• Sentence D comes next as it explains the purpose of these traps:
• "Allowing them to supplement their nutrient-poor diets by capturing."
• Sentence B follows, elaborating on how the traps function:
• "And slowly digesting unsuspecting insects and small terrestrial amphibians."
• Sentence E concludes the paragraph, describing the final action:
• "That mistakenly wander into their immediate vicinity."
• The correct sequence is CADBE.

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"Certain fascinating species of carnivorous plants have uniquely evolved highly specialized, modified leaves that function as lethal traps, allowing them to supplement their nutrient-poor diets by capturing and slowly digesting unsuspecting insects and small terrestrial amphibians that mistakenly wander into their immediate vicinity."

The correct answer is 'Preposterous, proposed'.

Key Points

• The word "preposterous" means contrary to reason or common sense; utterly absurd or ridiculous. (विवेकहीन/निरर्थक)
• The word "proposed" refers to something that is put forward for consideration or discussion. (प्रस्तावित)
• The context uses the word "aghast," which means filled with horror or shock. One would be shocked by a "preposterous" (absurdly high) sum for a "proposed" project.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option C'.

Complete Sentence: She was aghast at the preposterous sum that the company had demanded for the proposed project.

Additional Information

• Terrible (भयानक): Extremely bad or serious.
• Precocious (अकालपक्व): Having developed certain abilities or proclivities at an earlier age than usual.
• Pernicious (हानिकारक): Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.
• Prudent (विवेकी): Acting with or showing care and thought for the future.

The correct answer is 'Gallivanting, consequences'.

Key Points

• The word "gallivanting" means to go from place to place in search of entertainment or amusement. (मौज-मस्ती के लिए इधर-उधर घूमना)
• The word "consequences" refers to a result or effect, typically one that is unwelcome or unpleasant. (परिणाम)
• In the given sentence, quitting a job to travel the world suggests a search for pleasure or adventure (gallivanting) without worrying about the potential negative outcomes (consequences).

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option B'.

Complete Sentence: He had suddenly quit his well paying job to go gallivanting around the world; regardless of the consequences.

Additional Information

• Embarking (शुरू करना): means beginning a course of action or a journey. Note that "go embarking" is grammatically incorrect; it would usually be "embark on".
• Exemplifying (उदाहरण देना): means to be a typical example of something.
• Exodus (बहिर्गमन): means a mass departure of people.
• Wandering (भटकना): means moving in a leisurely or aimless way. While it fits the first blank, "influences" does not fit the second blank as well as "consequences".

The correct answer is 'Perpetrators, permeated'.

Key Points

• The word "perpetrators" refers to people who carry out a harmful, illegal, or immoral act. (अपराधी)
• The word "permeated" means to spread throughout something or to pervade. (व्याप्त होना/फैलना)
• In the context of the sentence, the judicial system aims to punish those who commit crimes (perpetrators) and eliminate immoral activities that have spread (permeated) throughout the country.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option E'.

Complete Sentence: The judicial system has vowed to punish the perpetrators of crimes and rid the country of the immoral activities that have permeated it.

Additional Information

• Percolated (चूना/छनना): means to filter gradually through a porous surface or substance.
• Abdicators (त्यागने वाला): means those who renounce a throne, high office, or responsibility.
• Jurisdiction (अधिकार क्षेत्र): means the official power to make legal decisions and judgments.
• Penetration (प्रवेश): means the action or process of making a way through or into something.

The correct answer is 'Vacillating, ablaze'.

Key Points

• The word "vacillating" means wavering between different opinions or actions; being indecisive. (दुविधा में होना/डगमगाना)
• The expression "setting the stage ablaze" is an idiom used to describe a performance that is highly energetic, exciting, or impressive. (शानदार प्रदर्शन करना)
• The sentence implies that the public's opinion was moving back and forth because both dancers were performing exceptionally well.
• The other options are incorrect because:
• Option A: "fire" would require the preposition "on" (on fire) to be grammatically correct in the second blank.
• Option C: "Focusing between" is an incorrect prepositional usage.
• Option D: "pendulum" is a noun and does not fit the idiomatic structure of the second blank.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option B'.

Complete Sentence: The public's approval kept vacillating between the two performers that were setting the stage ablaze with their dance acts.

Additional Information

• Shifting (बदलना): moving from one place or position to another.
• Oscillating (दोलन करना): move or swing back and forth in a regular rhythm.
• Momentum (गति): the quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and velocity.

The correct answer is 'Historical, historic'.

Key Points

• The word "historical" refers to something that is concerned with or belongs to the past/history.
• In the first blank, "historical artefacts" is the correct usage because artefacts are physical objects that belong to a past period.
• The word "historic" refers to something that is famous or important in history, or likely to become so.
• In the second blank, saying the debate was "no less historic itself" implies that the debate was as significant and memorable as the objects being discussed.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option D'.

Complete Sentence: The debate between the two professors about the historical artefacts found in the temple was no less historic itself.

Additional Information

• Legend (किंवदंती): A traditional story sometimes popularly regarded as historical but unauthenticated.
• Afoul (उलझन में): Into conflict or difficulty with.
• Lecherous (लंपट): Having or showing excessive or offensive sexual desire.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• The question asks to identify the specific pathogens found in pigeon droppings based on the provided text.
• According to the first paragraph of the passage, epidemiological research indicates that pigeon droppings host several fungal and bacterial pathogens.
• The passage explicitly names "Cryptococcus neoformans" (a fungal pathogen) and "Chlamydia psittaci" (a bacterial pathogen) as the most notable ones.
• This direct evidence confirms that Option 2 is the correct choice.

Therefore, the correct answer is 2.

Correct Statement: "...their droppings host a battery of fungal and bacterial pathogens, most notably Cryptococcus neoformans and Chlamydia psittaci."

Additional Information

• Options 1, 3, 4, and 5: While these options list various well-known pathogens (such as E. coli, Staphylococcus, or Mycobacterium tuberculosis), they are not mentioned anywhere in the passage in relation to pigeon droppings.
• The passage further links these pathogens to real-world health issues, such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis (Bird Fancier’s Lung), which can be triggered by proximity to pigeon colonies.
• Dr. Gopali’s research mentioned in the second paragraph highlights the danger of these pathogens evolving into drug-resistant strains due to the high density of urban bird populations.

The correct answer is Option A.

Key Points

• The passage explicitly mentions a specific physical condition that conservationists notice in urban pigeon populations.
• According to the text, "conservationists frequently observe pigeons suffering from 'string foot'."
• The text describes this condition as one where "stray hair, plastic fibres, or a loose thread wraps around their toes, cutting off circulation and causing severe deformities."
• Since the question asks for the condition observed by conservationists, Option A is the only correct choice based on the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Correct Sentence: "For instance, conservationists frequently observe pigeons suffering from 'string foot', a condition where stray hair, plastic fibres, or a loose thread wraps around their toes..."

Additional Information

• B, C, and D: None of these conditions (Bumblefoot, Avian pox, or Aspergillosis) are mentioned anywhere in the provided passage.
• E: Psittacosis – While the passage mentions Chlamydia psittaci (the bacterium that causes Psittacosis) as a pathogen found in pigeon droppings, it is discussed in the context of zoonotic transmission and public health risks to humans, rather than the specific condition conservationists observe in the birds' physical state.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• The passage mentions that pigeons have adapted to urban environments due to safety from apex predators, the availability of high-rise structures for nesting, and the structural benefits provided by modern architecture.
• It does not mention increased mating opportunities as a factor contributing to the transition of rock pigeons to urban settings.
• The passage focuses on the adaptability and the challenges pigeons face in urban ecosystems, rather than reproductive factors.
• Thus, increased mating opportunities have not been cited as a factor for this transition.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4.

The correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Key Points

• A) Pigeons are a primary source of widespread outbreaks of diseases in urban populations.
• This cannot be inferred. The passage mentions that Dr. Gopali’s findings suggest that "the immediate risk of a widespread outbreak remains low."
• B) Urban pigeons have no impact on public health.
• This cannot be inferred. The passage explicitly states that the ecological footprint of pigeons has drawn the attention of public health officials and mentions the transmission of fungal and bacterial pathogens.
• C) Dr. Gopali's research indicates a rapid decrease in drug-resistant pathogen evolution in urban pigeon populations.
• This cannot be inferred. On the contrary, the passage says her findings suggest that dense congregations "could accelerate the evolution of drug-resistant strains."
• D) Pigeons' nesting behaviors have adapted significantly to urban architecture.
• This can be inferred. The passage highlights their unmatched behavioral adaptability, noting that high-rise window sills, air conditioning units, and abandoned balconies now serve as prime real estate instead of natural ledges.
• E) Most urban pigeons suffer from respiratory diseases due to their nesting habits.
• This cannot be inferred. The passage discusses "Bird Fancier’s Lung" as a respiratory distress condition in humans caused by proximity to pigeons, not a disease that the pigeons themselves suffer from.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 4 (Sentence D).

Additional Information

• Option A: Incorrect because the passage states the risk of a widespread outbreak is low.
• Option B: Incorrect because the passage lists several public health risks and specific pathogens.
• Option C: Incorrect because the passage suggests an acceleration, not a decrease, in the evolution of drug-resistant strains.
• Option E: Incorrect because "Bird Fancier’s Lung" is a human pathology mentioned in the clinical case study.

The correct answer is 'introduce'.

Key Points

• The word "introduce" means to bring something into use or operation for the first time, or to present something new. (प्रस्तुत करना/सामने लाना)
• In the context of the passage, while urban structures provide safety from predators, they also bring or "introduce" new, specific dangers like "string foot" that the pigeons wouldn't face in their natural cliff habitat.
• The other options: "avoid," "mitigate," "emphasize," and "eliminate" do not fit because the passage is highlighting the arrival of new risks, not their removal or reduction.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option C'.

Complete Sentence: These structures offer safety from apex predators, though they introduce unique urban hazards.

Additional Information

• Avoid (बचना): means to keep away from or stop oneself from doing something.
• Mitigate (कम करना): means to make something less severe, serious, or painful.
• Emphasize (ज़ोर देना): means to give special importance or prominence to something in speaking or writing.
• Eliminate (हटा देना): means to completely remove or get rid of something.

The correct answer is Option B.

Key Points

• Statement A: The passage states that pigeons' nests in urban buildings have become common.
• This statement is correct as the passage mentions that "Pigeons building nests in buildings has become a ubiquitous feature of modern architecture."
• Statement B: Dr. Gopali’s study suggests a high immediate risk of a widespread outbreak caused by pigeons.
• This statement is incorrect because the passage states that Dr. Gopali's findings suggest the "immediate risk of a widespread outbreak remains low."
• Statement C: The woman with bird-related disease was initially misdiagnosed with pneumonia.
• This statement is correct as the passage confirms she was "Initially misdiagnosed with standard pneumonia" before the correct diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis was made.
• Hence, statement B is identified as incorrect in the context of the passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is: ‘Only B’.

The correct answer is Option D.

Key Points

• Statement A: Pigeons' proximity to humans creates a hotbed for zoonotic transmission.
• This statement is correct as the passage explicitly states that "The proximity of these avian populations to humans creates a hotbed for zoonotic transmission."
• Statement B: The passage suggests that urban pigeons' impact is limited to nuisance rather than public health.
• This statement is incorrect. The passage mentions that "Beyond structural nuisance... the ecological footprint of urban pigeons has increasingly drawn the attention of public health officials," indicating that their impact extends well into public health concerns.
• Statement C: Dr. Gopali's longitudinal study tracks mutation rates of pathogens within feral pigeon populations.
• This statement is correct as it accurately reflects the passage: "Dr. Gopali’s latest longitudinal study tracks the mutation rates of pathogens within feral pigeon populations."

Therefore, the correct answer is: ‘A and C’.

The correct answer is Option (B) i.e., Array.

Key Points

• The word "battery" in this context means a large number or a wide range of similar things that occur together. (एक समूह या श्रृंखला)
• Example: The patient had to undergo a battery of tests to determine the cause of his recurring headaches.
• "Array" refers to an impressive display or a large range/series of a particular type of thing; it is synonymous with 'battery' when describing a set of items. (एक प्रभावशाली श्रृंखला या समूह)
• Example: The shop offers an extensive array of spices from all over the world.
• Hence, in the context of pathogens hosted in bird droppings, 'battery' and 'array' both describe a diverse group or range.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Array.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Power source (शक्ति का स्रोत): A device or system that provides electrical or mechanical energy.
• Example: Solar panels are a sustainable power source for many modern homes.
• Misdeed (गलत कार्य / कुकर्म): A wicked or illegal act.
• Example: He had to pay a heavy price for his past misdeeds.
• Collection (संग्रह): A group of things or people that have been gathered together.
• Example: The museum has a vast collection of ancient Greek artifacts.
• Assault (हमला): A physical attack on a person (Note: in legal terms, 'battery' refers to physical contact, but that is not the context here).
• Example: The police arrested the man for an unprovoked assault in the park.

The correct answer is: Option 1 i.e., Filament.

Key Points

• The word "thread" means a thin strand of cotton, nylon, or other fibres used in sewing or in weaving cloth (धागा).
• Example: She threaded a needle with a fine thread for her sewing project.
• "Filament" refers to a very fine thread or thread-like structure (सूक्ष्म रेशा).
• Example: The light bulb filament glowed brightly when the switch was turned on.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Filament.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Yarn (ऊन का धागा): A continuous strand of twisted fibres used in knitting or weaving.
• Example: She bought some yarn to knit a scarf.
• Cord (रस्सी): A thick string or thin rope made of several strands braided together.
• Example: The climber used a strong cord to secure himself.
• Fibre (रेशा): A thread or filament from which a vegetable tissue, mineral substance, or textile is formed.
• Example: Dietary fibres are essential for a healthy digestive system.
• String (डोरी): Thin cord used for tying, which can be made of cotton, nylon, or other materials.
• Example: He tied the package with a piece of string.

The correct answer is 'Option A' i.e., Idiosyncrasy.

Key Points

• The word "quirk" refers to a peculiar behavioural habit or a strange trait that is specific to someone or something. (अजीब व्यवहार / विलक्षणता)
• Example: One of the programmer's quirks is that he refuses to use a mouse and does everything via keyboard shortcuts.
• "Idiosyncrasy" refers to a mode of behaviour or way of thought peculiar to an individual; it is the closest synonym for a quirk or a behavioural oddity. (विशिष्टता / व्यक्तिगत विशेषता)
• Example: Her habit of huming while she works is just one of her many idiosyncrasies.
• Hence, we can infer that the word closest in meaning to 'quirk' is 'idiosyncrasy'.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Idiosyncrasy.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Habit (आदत): A settled or regular tendency or practice, especially one that is hard to give up.
• Example: He has a habit of checking his watch every five minutes.
• Routine (दिनचर्या): A sequence of actions regularly followed.
• Example: A healthy morning routine can significantly improve your productivity for the rest of the day.
• Tradition (परंपरा): The transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation.
• Example: It is a family tradition to decorate the house together during the holidays.
• Norm (मानदंड / मानक): Something that is usual, typical, or standard in a particular group.
• Example: In many cultures, standing up when an elder enters the room is the social norm.

Cars in E = 160 − 100 = 60

Bikes in F = 60 + 25% of 60 = 60 + 15 = 75

Total vehicles in F = Average of vehicles in A and B = (180 + 210)/2 = 195

Cars in F = 195 − 75 = 120

Bikes in B = 120

Required percentage more/less = (120 – 120)/120 x 100 = 0%

Cars in A = 180 − 90 = 90

Cars in B = 210 − 120 = 90

Average number of cars in A and B = (90 + 90)/2 = 90

Bikes in C = 80

Bikes in E = 100

Average number of bikes in C and E = (80 + 100)/2 = 90

Required difference = 90 – 90 = 0

Total bikes in D = 150

Unsold bikes = 150 x (1/3) = 50

Unsold bikes are 37.5% less than cars sold.

Therefore, Cars sold by B = 50/0.625 = 80

Total cars in B = 210 – 120 = 90

Unsold cars in B = 90 – 80 = 10

Cars booked online in A = 60

Cars booked offline in A = 90 – 60 = 30

Bikes booked online in A = 20% of 90 = 18

Bikes booked offline in A = 90 – 18 = 72

Total vehicles booked online = 60 + 18 = 78

Total vehicles booked offline = 30 + 72 = 102

Required difference = 102 – 78 = 24

Defective cars in D = (1/9) x 90 = 10

Non-defective cars in D = 90 – 10 = 80

Non-defective bikes in D = (1/2) x 80 = 40

Defective bikes in D = 150 – 40 = 110

Total defective vehicles in D = 10 + 110 = 120

Shortcut Trick

Initial Ratio (Honey : Syrup) = 5 : 4 (Total = 9 units)

Final Ratio (Honey : Syrup) = 4 : 5 (Total = 9 units)

Since the total quantity remains the same (180 litres), the units match.

Quantity of Honey remaining = Initial Honey × (1 − Removed/Total)

4 = 5 × (1 − x/180) ⇒ 4/5 = 1 − x/180 ⇒ x/180 = 1/5 ⇒ x = 36 litres.

∴ The correct answer is 36 litres.

Alternate Method

Given: Total mixture = 180 litres. Ratio H:S = 5:4. Final Ratio H:S = 4:5.

Step 1: Initial quantities

⇒ Honey = (5/9) × 180 = 100 litres

⇒ Syrup = (4/9) × 180 = 80 litres

Step 2: After removing 'x' litres of mixture

⇒ Honey removed = (5/9)x

⇒ Syrup removed = (4/9)x

Step 3: Final Honey quantity

⇒ Final Honey = (4/9) × 180 = 80 litres

⇒ 100 − (5/9)x = 80

⇒ 20 = (5/9)x

⇒ x = (20 × 9) ÷ 5 = 36 litres

∴ The correct answer is 36 litres.

Additional Information

Mixture Replacement Rule

When a part of a mixture is replaced by one of the ingredients, the component not being added decreases in a geometric progression. Formula: Final = Initial × (1 − x/V)ⁿ.

Alligation in Replacement

Replacement can be solved by treating the removed part as 0% concentration of the component and the pure replacement as 100%.

Shortcut Trick

Let CP_A be 100 units. MP_A = 140 units. SP_A = 140 × 0.9 = 126 units.

Profit on A = 26 units. Since Profit_A = Profit_B, Profit on B = 26 units.

SP_A − SP_B = (CP_A + 26) − (CP_B + 26) = CP_A − CP_B = Rs. 600.

Given CP_A + CP_B = Rs. 3,600 and CP_A − CP_B = Rs. 600.

Solving both: 2 × CP_B = 3,000 ⇒ CP_B = Rs. 1,500.

∴ The correct answer is Rs 1500.

Alternate Method

Given → CP_A + CP_B = 3600 | MP_A = 1.4CP_A | SP_A = MP_A × 0.9 | SP_A − SP_B = 600 | Profit_A = Profit_B. Formulas: Profit = SP − CP | SP = CP × (100 + P%) ÷ 100 | SP = MP × (100 − D%) ÷ 100

⇒ SP_A = CP_A × 1.4 × 0.9 = 1.26CP_A. ⇒ Profit_A = 1.26CP_A − CP_A = 0.26CP_A. ⇒ Since Profit_A = Profit_B, then SP_B = CP_B + 0.26CP_A. ⇒ SP_A − SP_B = 600 ⇒ 1.26CP_A − (CP_B + 0.26CP_A) = 600. ⇒ CP_A − CP_B = 600. ⇒ We have (CP_A + CP_B) = 3600 and (CP_A − CP_B) = 600. ⇒ Subtracting equations: 2 × CP_B = 3000 ⇒ CP_B = 1500.

∴ The correct answer is Rs 1500.

Additional Information

Marked Price and Selling Price

Marked Price is the price listed by the seller. Selling price is obtained by subtracting the discount from the Marked Price. SP = MP × (100 − Discount%) ÷ 100.

Profit Calculation

Profit in absolute terms (Rs.) is SP − CP. If profits are equal for two items, the difference in their Selling Prices is exactly equal to the difference in their Cost Prices.

Shortcut Trick

Let Vipin (V), Father (F), and Mother (M) be their present ages.

Total age = 34 × 3 = 102 years. Ratio F : M = 110 : 100 = 11 : 10.

Using V + 2 = (F − 4)/2 ⇒ F = 2V + 8. Substitute: V + (2V + 8) + (2V + 8)/1.1 = 102.

Solving for V gives Vipin's present age = 18 years.

Vipin's age 7 years hence = 18 + 7 = 25 years.

∴ The correct answer is 25 years.

Alternate Method

Given: Average age = 34, F = M + 10% of M, V + 2 = (F − 4) ÷ 2.

⇒ Total sum = V + F + M = 34 × 3 = 102

⇒ F = 1.1M → M = F ÷ 1.1

⇒ 2(V + 2) = F − 4 ⇒ F = 2V + 4 + 4 = 2V + 8

⇒ V + (2V + 8) + (2V + 8) ÷ 1.1 = 102

⇒ 1.1V + 1.1(2V + 8) + 2V + 8 = 102 × 1.1

⇒ 1.1V + 2.2V + 8.8 + 2V + 8 = 112.2

⇒ 5.3V + 16.8 = 112.2

⇒ 5.3V = 95.4

⇒ V = 18 years

⇒ Age after 7 years = 18 + 7 = 25 years

∴ The correct answer is 25 years.

Additional Information

Average Age Concept

The sum of ages is calculated by multiplying the average age by the number of persons (Sum = Average × n).

Percentage and Ratio

10% more means a multiplier of 1.1 or a ratio of 11:10. Always identify the base value (Mother's age here) for percentage calculations.

Age Relation Shifting

When shifting time, add or subtract the same constant for everyone. If current age is x, age 'n' years hence is (x + n) and 'n' years ago was (x − n).

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of A:B:C = 7:5:4 ⇒ Total units = 16

Total pens = 960 ⇒ 1 unit = 960 ÷ 16 = 60

Pens with B = 5 × 60 = 300

Pens with D = 120% of 300 = 360

Ratio D:E = 9:8 ⇒ 9 units = 360 ⇒ 8 units (E) = 320

∴ The correct answer is 320 pens.

Alternate Method

Given: Total pens for A, B, C = 960; Ratio A:B:C = 7:5:4; D = B + 20% of B; D:E = 9:8.

Step 1: Calculate pens with B

⇒ Total Ratio Parts = 7 + 5 + 4 = 16

⇒ Number of pens with B = (5 ÷ 16) × 960

⇒ B = 5 × 60 = 300 pens

Step 2: Calculate pens with D

⇒ D = 300 + 20% of 300

⇒ D = 300 + 60 = 360 pens

Step 3: Calculate pens with E

⇒ Ratio D : E = 9 : 8

⇒ 9 units = 360

⇒ 1 unit = 360 ÷ 9 = 40

⇒ Number of pens with E = 8 × 40 = 320 pens

∴ The correct answer is 320 pens.

Additional Information

Ratio and Proportion

If a total quantity T is divided into ratio a:b:c, then the share of b is calculated as [b ÷ (a+b+c)] × T.

Percentage Increase

An increase of x% in a value V results in a new value of V × (100 + x) ÷ 100.

Direct Proportion

When two quantities are in a ratio x:y, if the value of x corresponds to K, then the value of y is (K ÷ x) × y.

Shortcut Trick

Assume Total Capacity of the cistern = LCM(8, 6, 12) = 24 units.

Efficiency of A + B = 24 ÷ 8 = 3 | Efficiency of B = 24 ÷ 12 = 2.

∴ Efficiency of A = 3 − 2 = 1.

Efficiency of B − C = 24 ÷ (−6) = −4 (since they empty it) ⇒ 2 − C = −4 ⇒ Efficiency of C = 6 (emptying).

Combined efficiency of A + B − C = 1 + 2 − 6 = −3 (emptying).

Time to empty 3/4^th tank = (3/4 × 24) ÷ 3 = 18 ÷ 3 = 6 hours.

∴ The correct answer is 6 hr.

Alternate Method

Given: Time (A+B) = 8 hr, Time (B+C emptying) = 6 hr, Time (B filling) = 12 hr.

Calculations:

⇒ Efficiency of Pipe A = Efficiency(A+B) − Efficiency(B) = 3 − 2 = 1 unit/hr.

⇒ Efficiency of Pipe C = Efficiency(B) − Efficiency(B+C emptying) = 2 − (−4) = 6 units/hr (emptying).

⇒ Combined efficiency of A, B and C = Efficiency(A) + Efficiency(B) − Efficiency(C) = 1 + 2 − 6 = −3 units/hr.

⇒ (3/4)th part of the tank = (3/4) × 24 = 18 units.

⇒ Time taken to empty 18 units = 18 ÷ 3 = 6 hours.

∴ The correct answer is 6 hr.

Additional Information

Pipes & Cisterns Sign Convention

Always take the efficiency of an inlet pipe as positive (+) and an outlet (emptying) pipe as negative (−).

Total Work and Efficiency

Total Capacity = LCM of individual times. Efficiency = Total Capacity ÷ Time taken by the pipe.

Time taken for Partial Work

Time = (Required Work Part × Total Capacity) ÷ Combined Efficiency.

Common solution:

Let the value of x be x.

The number of wired chargers sold by Shop A = 12x

Given, {Ratio of Wired: Wireless in A} = 12:11

Therefore, {Wireless chargers sold by A} = {11/12} × 12x = 11x

Also,

Wireless chargers sold by B = (10x + 8)

Wireless chargers sold by C = ((10x + 8) – 12= 10x – 4

According to the question,

11x + (10x + 8) + (10x – 4) = 190

31x + 4 = 190

31x = 186

So, x = 6

Now,

Calculation:

Required difference = 140 – 138 = 2

Common solution:

Let the value of x be x.

The number of wired chargers sold by Shop A = 12x

Given, {Ratio of Wired: Wireless in A} = 12:11

Therefore, {Wireless chargers sold by A} = {11/12} × 12x = 11x

Also,

Wireless chargers sold by B = (10x + 8)

Wireless chargers sold by C = ((10x + 8) – 12= 10x – 4

According to the question,

11x + (10x + 8) + (10x – 4) = 190

31x + 4 = 190

31x = 186

So, x = 6

Now,

Calculation:

Required ratio = 68:72 = 17:18

Common solution:

Let the value of x be x.

The number of wired chargers sold by Shop A = 12x

Given, {Ratio of Wired: Wireless in A} = 12:11

Therefore, {Wireless chargers sold by A} = {11/12} × 12x = 11x

Also,

Wireless chargers sold by B = (10x + 8)

Wireless chargers sold by C = ((10x + 8) – 12= 10x – 4

According to the question,

11x + (10x + 8) + (10x – 4) = 190

31x + 4 = 190

31x = 186

So, x = 6

Now,

Calculation:

Required sum = 140 + 72 = 212

Common solution:

Let the value of x be x.

The number of wired chargers sold by Shop A = 12x

Given, {Ratio of Wired: Wireless in A} = 12:11

Therefore, {Wireless chargers sold by A} = {11/12} × 12x = 11x

Also,

Wireless chargers sold by B = (10x + 8)

Wireless chargers sold by C = ((10x + 8) – 12= 10x – 4

According to the question,

11x + (10x + 8) + (10x – 4) = 190

31x + 4 = 190

31x = 186

So, x = 6

Now,

Calculation:

Given, ratio of wired chargers: wireless chargers in D = 2:1

Total parts = 2 + 1 = 3

Therefore, Wired chargers sold by D = 2/3 x 168 = 112

Required difference = 112 – 66 = 46

Common solution:

Let the value of x be x.

The number of wired chargers sold by Shop A = 12x

Given, {Ratio of Wired: Wireless in A} = 12:11

Therefore, {Wireless chargers sold by A} = {11/12} × 12x = 11x

Also,

Wireless chargers sold by B = (10x + 8)

Wireless chargers sold by C = ((10x + 8) – 12= 10x – 4

According to the question,

11x + (10x + 8) + (10x – 4) = 190

31x + 4 = 190

31x = 186

So, x = 6

Now,

Calculation:

Cost price of each wired charger = Rs. 20

Profit earned = 10%

Profit on each wired charger = 20 x 10% = Rs 2

Hence, total profit = 144 x 2 = Rs 288

Shortcut Trick Ratio of Upstream speed (U) to Downstream speed (D) = 9 : 16 Total time = (DistanceU ÷ U) + (DistanceD ÷ D) = 10 hours ⇒ (90 ÷ 9x) + (160 ÷ 16x) = 10 ⇒ 10/x + 10/x = 10 ⇒ 20/x = 10 ⇒ x = 2 Upstream speed = 18 kmph, Downstream speed = 32 kmph Stream speed (s) = (32 − 18) ÷ 2 = 7 kmph; Boat speed (v) = (32 + 18) ÷ 2 = 25 kmph New Downstream speed (New s = 14) = 25 + 14 = 39 kmph ⇒ Time = 390 ÷ 39 = 10 hr ∴ The correct answer is 10 hr. Alternate Method

Given: Upstream (U) = 9x, Downstream (D) = 16x Formula: Time = Distance ÷ Speed ⇒ 90/(9x) + 160/(16x) = 10 ⇒ 10/x + 10/x = 10 ⇒ 20/x = 10 ⇒ x = 2 ⇒ Upstream speed (U) = 18 kmph, Downstream speed (D) = 32 kmph ⇒ Boat speed (v) = (32 + 18)/2 = 25 kmph ⇒ Stream speed (s) = (32 − 18)/2 = 7 kmph ⇒ New Stream speed = 7 × 2 = 14 kmph ⇒ New Downstream speed = 25 + 14 = 39 kmph ⇒ New Time taken = 390 / 39 = 10 hr ∴ The correct answer is 10 hr. Additional Information Speed of Boat and Stream Boat speed in still water (v) = (Downstream + Upstream) ÷ 2. Stream speed (s) = (Downstream − Upstream) ÷ 2. Average Speed of Boat If a boat covers same distance upstream and downstream, Average Speed = (U × D) ÷ v = (v2 − s2) ÷ v. Relative Speed in Water Downstream speed = v + s; Upstream speed = v − s. Always v > s for the boat to move upstream.

Shortcut Trick

Apply Alligation on average weights: Boys (64 kg) and Girls (44 kg) with Mean (52 kg).

Ratio of Boys : Girls = (52 − 44) : (64 − 52)

Ratio = 8 : 12 = 2 : 3.

∴ The correct answer is 2:3.

Alternate Method

Given:

Total students = 90

Average weight (Group) = 52 kg

Average weight (Boys) = 64 kg

Average weight (Girls) = 44 kg

Calculations:

⇒ Let number of boys be B and girls be G.

⇒ Total weight = 52 × 90 = 4680 kg.

⇒ 64B + 44G = 52(B + G)

⇒ 64B + 44G = 52B + 52G

⇒ 64B − 52B = 52G − 44G

⇒ 12B = 8G

⇒ B/G = 8/12 = 2/3

∴ The correct answer is 2:3.

Additional Information

Alligation Rule

It is used to find the ratio in which two ingredients at given prices/weights are mixed to produce a mixture of a mean price/weight. Ratio = (Dearer − Mean) : (Mean − Cheaper).

Weighted Average Formula

Average = (n₁w₁ + n₂w₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂), where n is the quantity and w is the weight/value.

Total Sum Calculation

Sum of all observations = Average × Number of observations.

Shortcut Trick

Area of square = 8100 m² → Side = 90 m → Perimeter = 360 m.

Perimeter of rectangle = 360 + 180 = 540 m.

Rectangle ratio L:B = 2:1 → Sum of ratio parts for perimeter = 2 × (2 + 1) = 6 units.

6 units = 540 m → 1 unit = 90 m.

Difference (L − B) = 2 units − 1 unit = 1 unit = 90 m.

∴ The correct answer is 90 m.

Alternate Method

Given: Area of square = 8100 m², Ratio L:B = 2:1, Perimeter Difference = 180 m.

Formula: Perimeter of square = 4 × side; Perimeter of rectangle = 2(L + B).

⇒ Side of square (a) = √8100 = 90 m

⇒ Perimeter of square = 4 × 90 = 360 m

⇒ Perimeter of rectangle = 360 + 180 = 540 m

⇒ Let length = 2x and breadth = x

⇒ 2(2x + x) = 540

⇒ 6x = 540 ⇒ x = 90

⇒ Difference = 2x − x = x = 90 m

∴ The correct answer is 90 m.

Additional Information

Mensuration Formulas

Area of Rectangle = L × B and Diagonal = √(L² + B²).

Square Properties

Diagonal of a square = a√2, where 'a' is the side length.

Ratio and Perimeter

If L:B = m:n, then Perimeter = 2k(m+n) where k is the common multiplier.

Shortcut Trick

Profit Ratio = (Capital × Time) ratio.

A's capital: 60,000 for x months + 48,000 (80% of 60k) for (12 − x) months.

B's capital: 50,000 for x months + 30,000 (60% of 50k) for (12 − x) months.

Ratio ⇒ [60x + 48(12 − x)] ÷ [50x + 30(12 − x)] = 3 ÷ 2.

Solving: (12x + 576) ÷ (20x + 360) = 3 ÷ 2 ⇒ 24x + 1152 = 60x + 1080.

36x = 72 ⇒ x = 2.

∴ The correct answer is 2.

Alternate Method

Given → Initial Investments of A = Rs. 60,000 and B = Rs. 50,000. Time period = 1 year (12 months). Formulas: Profit Ratio = (C₁ × T₁) : (C₂ × T₂) | New Investment = Old Investment × (100 − Withdrawal%) ÷ 100

⇒ A's total investment unit = 60,000 × x + 60,000 × 0.8 × (12 − x) = 60,000x + 48,000(12 − x) ⇒ B's total investment unit = 50,000 × x + 50,000 × 0.6 × (12 − x) = 50,000x + 30,000(12 − x) ⇒ Ratio = [60x + 576 − 48x] ÷ [50x + 360 − 30x] = 3 ÷ 2 ⇒ (12x + 576) ÷ (20x + 360) = 3 ÷ 2 ⇒ 24x + 1152 = 60x + 1080 ⇒ 36x = 72 ⇒ x = 2.

∴ The correct answer is 2.

Additional Information

Partnership Basics

Profit is shared in the ratio of the product of Capital and Time. If capital changes during the period, calculate effective capital for each interval.

Withdrawal Calculations

When a partner withdraws y% of capital, the remaining capital used for the rest of the period is Initial × (100 − y) ÷ 100.

Shortcut Trick

Let Total Notebooks bought = 9x and Sold = 5x.

Total CP = 9x × 6 = 54x and Total SP = 5x × 9 = 45x.

Loss = CP − SP = 54x − 45x = 9x.

Given Loss = CP of 12 notebooks = 12 × 6 = ₹72.

⇒ 9x = 72 ⇒ x = 8.

Notebooks Sold = 5x = 5 × 8 = 40.

∴ The correct answer is 40 notebooks.

Alternate Method

Given: Ratio of bought to sold = 9 : 5. CP = ₹6. SP = ₹9.

⇒ Let Total Notebooks bought = 9x.

⇒ Total Cost Price (CP) = 9x × 6 = ₹54x.

⇒ Total Notebooks sold = 5x.

⇒ Total Selling Price (SP) = 5x × 9 = ₹45x.

⇒ Loss = Total CP − Total SP = 54x − 45x = 9x.

⇒ According to question, Loss = 12 × CP per unit = 12 × 6 = ₹72.

⇒ 9x = 72 ⇒ x = 8.

⇒ Number of notebooks sold = 5x = 5 × 8 = 40.

∴ The correct answer is 40 notebooks.

Additional Information

Loss and Profit Calculation

Profit = SP − CP (when SP > CP). Loss = CP − SP (when CP > SP).

Defective Items Logic

In business math, unsold or defective items contribute to the Total CP but yield zero SP, effectively increasing the loss per unit.

Ratio and Proportion

If the ratio is a:b, the actual values are ax and bx where x is the common multiplier found using the given condition.

112 + 6 × 7 = 154

154 + 7 × 8 = 210

210 + 8 × 9 = 282

282 + 9 × 10 = 372

372 + 10 × 11 = 482

So, 282 should come in place of 280.

20 × 3 = 60

60 ÷ 2 = 30

30 × 3 = 90

90 ÷ 2 = 45

45 × 3 = 135

Therefore, 45 should come in place of 30.

1549 – 15² = 1324

1324 + 13² = 1493

1493 – 11² = 1372

1372 + 9² = 1453

1453 – 7² = 1404

Therefore, 1372 should come in place of 1374.

Shortcut Trick

Effective rate for P (2 years at 10%) = 10 + 10 + (10 × 10)/100 = 21%

Effective rate for Q (3 years at 10%) = 21 + 10 + (21 × 10)/100 = 33.1%

Difference in interest = 33.1% − 21% = 12.1% of X = ₹1452

⇒ X = (1452 ÷ 12.1) × 100 = ₹12000

SI on (12000 + 3000) = ₹15000 at 12% for 2 years = 15000 × 0.24 = ₹3600

∴ The correct answer is ₹3600.

Alternate Method

Given: Rate (R) = 10%, Time for P = 2 years, Time for Q = 3 years, Difference = ₹1452.

Formula: CI = P[(1 + R/100)ⁿ − 1] | SI = (P × R × T) / 100

⇒ Interest of Q = X[(1 + 10/100)³ − 1] = X[(1.1)³ − 1] = 0.331X

⇒ Interest of P = X[(1 + 10/100)² − 1] = X[(1.1)² − 1] = 0.21X

⇒ Difference = 0.331X − 0.21X = 0.121X

⇒ 0.121X = 1452

⇒ X = 1452 ÷ 0.121 = ₹12000

⇒ New Principal = X + 3000 = 12000 + 3000 = ₹15000

⇒ Simple Interest = (15000 × 12 × 2) / 100

⇒ SI = 15000 × 0.24 = ₹3600

∴ The correct answer is ₹3600.

Additional Information

Effective Rate of Interest

For CI, the effective rate for n years can be calculated using successive percentage formula: a + b + (ab/100).

Difference between CI and SI

For 2 years: Difference = PR²/100². For 3 years: Difference = [PR²(300 + R)]/100³.

Compound Interest Compounded Annually

Amount A = P(1 + R/100)ⁿ. Interest CI = A − P.

Shortcut Trick

Initial Tin is 40% → Copper is 60%.

If 60% = 120 kg, then 1% = 2 kg ∴ Tin = 40 × 2 = 80 kg.

Ratio (120 + 3x + 24) : (80 + 3x + 6) = 3 : 2.

(144 + 3x) : (86 + 3x) = 3 : 2 ⇒ 288 + 6x = 258 + 9x.

3x = 30 ⇒ x = 10.

∴ The correct answer is 10.

Alternate Method

Given:

Initial Copper = 120 kg, Tin % = 40%.

Added Tin = (3x + 6) kg, Added Copper = (3x + 24) kg.

Final ratio Copper : Tin = 3 : 2.

Calculations:

⇒ Total weight % = 100%. Since Tin is 40%, Copper = 100% − 40% = 60%.

⇒ 60% of total alloy = 120 kg ⇒ Total alloy = (120/60) × 100 = 200 kg.

⇒ Initial weight of Tin = 40% of 200 = 80 kg.

⇒ New quantity of Copper = 120 + 3x + 24 = (144 + 3x) kg.

⇒ New quantity of Tin = 80 + 3x + 6 = (86 + 3x) kg.

⇒ (144 + 3x) / (86 + 3x) = 3 / 2.

⇒ 2 × (144 + 3x) = 3 × (86 + 3x).

⇒ 288 + 6x = 258 + 9x.

⇒ 9x − 6x = 288 − 258.

⇒ 3x = 30 ⇒ x = 10.

∴ The correct answer is 10.

Additional Information

Mixture Ratio Rule

When components are added to a mixture, the new ratio is (Initial A + Added A) / (Initial B + Added B) = New Ratio A/B.

Percentage to Value

Value = (Given Component Value ÷ Given Component %) × Target %.

Common solution:

For A,

Total books = 240

Non-fiction books = ({5}/{11+5} x 240 = 75)

Fiction books = (240 – 75 = 165)

For B,

Let Fiction books and non-fiction books be y and x respectively.

[x + y = 690]

[y – x = 270]

So, [y = 480, x = 210]

For C,

Total books = 420, non-fiction books = 156

Fiction books = (420-156=264)

For D,

Total books = 540

Total non-fiction books = ({7/12} x 540 = 315)

Total Fiction books = (540-315=225)

For E,

Total books = 625

Total non-fiction books = 24% of 625 = 150

Total Fiction books = (625 – 150 = 475)

Calculation:

Total books sold by Z = (23/13) x 165 = 345

Fiction books sold by Z = 40% x 345 = 138

Non-fiction books sold by Z = 345 – 138 = 207

Common solution:

For A,

Total books = 240

Non-fiction books = ({5}/{11+5} x 240 = 75)

Fiction books = (240 – 75 = 165)

For B,

Let Fiction books and non-fiction books be y and x respectively.

[x + y = 690]

[y – x = 270]

So, [y = 480, x = 210]

For C,

Total books = 420, non-fiction books = 156

Fiction books = (420-156=264)

For D,

Total books = 540

Total non-fiction books = ({7/12} x 540 = 315)

Total Fiction books = (540-315=225)

For E,

Total books = 625

Total non-fiction books = 24% of 625 = 150

Total Fiction books = (625 – 150 = 475)

Calculation:

Defective books in E = 16% x 625 = 100

Defective non-fiction books = 20% x 100 = 20

Defective fiction books = 100 – 20 = 80

Difference with total books sold by C = 420 – 80 = 340

Common solution:

For A,

Total books = 240

Non-fiction books = ({5}/{11+5} x 240 = 75)

Fiction books = (240 – 75 = 165)

For B,

Let Fiction books and non-fiction books be y and x respectively.

[x + y = 690]

[y – x = 270]

So, [y = 480, x = 210]

For C,

Total books = 420, non-fiction books = 156

Fiction books = (420-156=264)

For D,

Total books = 540

Total non-fiction books = ({7/12} x 540 = 315)

Total Fiction books = (540-315=225)

For E,

Total books = 625

Total non-fiction books = 24% of 625 = 150

Total Fiction books = (625 – 150 = 475)

Calculation:

Average number of fiction books sold by A and E = (165 + 475)/2 = 320

Total fiction books sold by D and A = 225 + 165 = 390

Required percentage = (320/390) x 100 = 82.05% = 82% approx.

Common solution:

For A,

Total books = 240

Non-fiction books = ({5}/{11+5} x 240 = 75)

Fiction books = (240 – 75 = 165)

For B,

Let Fiction books and non-fiction books be y and x respectively.

[x + y = 690]

[y – x = 270]

So, [y = 480, x = 210]

For C,

Total books = 420, non-fiction books = 156

Fiction books = (420-156=264)

For D,

Total books = 540

Total non-fiction books = ({7/12} x 540 = 315)

Total Fiction books = (540-315=225)

For E,

Total books = 625

Total non-fiction books = 24% of 625 = 150

Total Fiction books = (625 – 150 = 475)

Calculation:

Non-fiction books sold by C and Fiction books sold by A together = 156 + 165 = 321

Total books sold by C and E together = 420 + 625 = 1045

Required ratio = 321:1045

Common solution:

For A,

Total books = 240

Non-fiction books = ({5}/{11+5} x 240 = 75)

Fiction books = (240 – 75 = 165)

For B,

Let Fiction books and non-fiction books be y and x respectively.

[x + y = 690]

[y – x = 270]

So, [y = 480, x = 210]

For C,

Total books = 420, non-fiction books = 156

Fiction books = (420-156=264)

For D,

Total books = 540

Total non-fiction books = ({7/12} x 540 = 315)

Total Fiction books = (540-315=225)

For E,

Total books = 625

Total non-fiction books = 24% of 625 = 150

Total Fiction books = (625 – 150 = 475)

Calculation:

Non-fiction books sold by C = 156

Books sold at Rs.25 = 25% of 156 = 39

Remaining books = 156 – 39 = 117

Revenue = 39 x 25 + 117 x 20 = Rs. 3315

Given: Seven persons – D, E, F, G, H, J and K go to purchase different stationary items on seven different days of a week starting from Monday to Sunday, but not necessarily in the same order. The different stationary items are- Pencil, Eraser, Scale, Books, Marker, Highlighter and Pen.

1. E goes to purchase item immediately before J. 
2. Three persons purchase stationary items between J and the one who purchased Books. 
3. J purchased item before the one who purchased Books. 
4. The number of persons go to purchase item after E is same as the number of persons go to purchase item before K who purchased Marker. 

There are 2 cases i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

5. Three persons go to purchase item between K and the one who purchase Scale. 
6. The one who go to purchase Scale purchased it two persons before H. 
7. D purchased Highlighter. 
8. D purchased the item after J. 

9. As many persons purchased between the ones who purchased Highlighter and Eraser as between Eraser and G. 
10. Pencil was purchased before Pen but not immediately before. 

Case 1 is eliminated because Pencil will come just before Pen. So, the final arrangement: 

Correct combination: G- Pencil

Hence, the correct answer is ‘G- Pencil’.

Given: Seven persons – D, E, F, G, H, J and K go to purchase different stationary items on seven different days of a week starting from Monday to Sunday, but not necessarily in the same order. The different stationary items are- Pencil, Eraser, Scale, Books, Marker, Highlighter and Pen.

1. E goes to purchase item immediately before J. 
2. Three persons purchase stationary items between J and the one who purchased Books. 
3. J purchased item before the one who purchased Books. 
4. The number of persons go to purchase item after E is same as the number of persons go to purchase item before K who purchased Marker. 

There are 2 cases i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

5. Three persons go to purchase item between K and the one who purchase Scale. 
6. The one who go to purchase Scale purchased it two persons before H. 
7. D purchased Highlighter. 
8. D purchased the item after J. 

9. As many persons purchased between the ones who purchased Highlighter and Eraser as between Eraser and G. 
10. Pencil was purchased before Pen but not immediately before. 

Case 1 is eliminated because Pencil will come just before Pen. So, the final arrangement: