English Comprehension PYQs

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

Given phrases:

• A. The city council approves the new development plan,
• B. It was raining heavily,
• C. The teacher emphasized the importance of practice;
• D. the students showed remarkable improvement in their performance.
• E. the residents had mixed opinions about its impact.
• F. they continued the outdoor event, enjoying every moment.

Given connectors:

• i. because
• ii. nevertheless
• iii. so

Choices:

• 1. A-i-E
• 2. B-ii-F
• 3. C-i-D
• 4. B-iii-E
• 5. B-i-D

Explanation:

Now, let's understand the meanings of the given connectors in the question:

• i. because

It means "for the reason that."

For Example: She went to bed early because she was tired.

• ii. nevertheless

It means "in spite of that."

For Example: It was raining heavily; nevertheless, they continued the outdoor event.

• iii. so

It means "as a result; therefore."

For Example: He studied hard, so he passed the exam.

After understanding the given phrases and the connectors, we can conclude that only the combination B-ii-F can make a grammatically and contextually meaningful sentence.

The complete coherent sentence would be: "It was raining heavily; nevertheless, they continued the outdoor event, enjoying every moment."

The sentence describes a situation where, despite the rain, the event continued and was enjoyed.

Therefore, the correct answer is "B-ii-F."

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

Explanation:

• The sentence reads: "Biosecurity is no longer (A) optional because modern pandemics demonstrate (B) how biological peace (C) can destabilize economies, healthcare systems, and global threats (D)."
• Here, the word "peace" (C) doesn't fit contextually in the sentence. It needs to be swapped with "threats" (D) to make the sentence meaningful.
• After interchanging C and D, the corrected sentence becomes: "Biosecurity is no longer optional because modern pandemics demonstrate how biological threats can destabilize economies, healthcare systems, and global peace."

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3: C-D.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

To make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful, the words marked A and D need to be interchanged.

• Currently, the sentence reads: "Scientific destruction (A) should serve humanity (B) ethically, ensuring innovation enhances human (C) welfare rather than creating tools of advancement (D) or widening inequality."
• However, "Scientific destruction" and "tools of advancement" are misplaced. Interchanging A and D corrects the sentence.

After the interchange, the sentence becomes:

"Scientific advancement (A) should serve humanity (B) ethically, ensuring innovation enhances human (C) welfare rather than creating tools of destruction (D) or widening inequality."

This version is both grammatically correct and meaningful.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

The pairs of words (A-B and C-D) need to be interchanged to make the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful.

• Original sentence: Digital privacy has become data (A) in the modern world as personal crucial (B) misuse governance (C) individual freedom, security, and trust in digital threatens (D).
• Step 1: Analyze the words in bold.
• Step 2: After interchanging A-B and C-D, the sentence becomes: Digital privacy has become crucial (B) in the modern world as personal data (A) misuse threatens (D) individual freedom, security, and trust in digital governance (C).
• Step 3: The corrected sentence is now grammatically correct and meaningful.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

Explanation:

• The given sentence is: Climate change demands global damage (A), as environmental responsibility (B) transcends borders and requires (C) collective action, climate justice, and shared (D) technological solutions.
• In the given sentence, the word ‘damage’ (A) does not fit the context of the sentence. The correct word should be ‘responsibility’ (B).
• By interchanging A-B, the sentence becomes: Climate change demands global responsibility(B), as environmental damage(A) transcends borders and requires collective action, climate justice, and shared technological solutions.
• This corrected sentence is now both grammatically correct and meaningful.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 2 (A-B).

Additional Information

• Responsibility: The state or fact of being accountable or to blame for something (जिम्मेदारी).
• Damage: Physical harm caused to something (नुकसान).
• Technological: Relating to or using technology (तकनीकी).

The correct answer is 'Defiant.'

Key Points

• The first sentence talks about a prisoner who refused to go back into the cell.
• The use of the word ''refused'' in the first sentence indicates the use of the word 'defiant' in the blank.
• The second sentence talks about a child who showed an uncontrolled outburst of anger and frustration when it was time to go to bed.
• The use of the word ''tantrum'' in the second sentence indicates the use of the word 'defiant' in the blank.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is, 'Defiant'.
• The word 'Defiant' means Showing an open refusal to obey somebody or something. (खुल्‍लम-खुल्‍ला अवज्ञा करने वाला)

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Sentence 1: The prisoner was defiant and refused to go back into his cell.

Sentence 2: The defiant child threw a tantrum when it was time to go to bed.

Additional Information

• Let us explore  the other options:
• Ancient means Belonging to a period of history that is thousands of years in the past. (प्राचीन, पुरातन, हज़ारों वर्ष पुराना)
• Compliant means Working or done in agreement with particular rules, orders, etc. (नियम, आदेश आदि के अनुसार, के अनुरूप)
• Invigilate means To watch the people taking an exam to make sure that nobody is cheating. (परीक्षा में परीक्षार्थियों पर निगाह रखना, परीक्षा में निरीक्षण-कार्य करना)
• Curious means Wanting to know or learn something. (कुछ जानने या सीखने का इच्‍छुक; उत्‍सुक, जिज्ञासु)

The correct answer is 'Survive.'

Key Points

• The first sentence talks about a man who was able to live in the snow because he had warm clothing.
• The use of the word ''able'' in the first sentence indicates the use of the word 'survive' in the blank.
• The second sentence talks about a cockroach that can sustain the radiation of a nuclear blast.
• The use of the word ''radiation'' in the second sentence indicates the use of the word 'survive' in the blank.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is, 'Survive'.
• The word 'Survive' means To continue to live or exist in or after a difficult or dangerous situation. (कठिन या संकटपूर्ण स्थिति में या उसके बाद जीवित या अस्तित्‍व में बने रहना)

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Sentence 1: The man was able to survive in the snow because he had warm clothing.

Sentence 2: A cockroach can survive the radiation of a nuclear blast.

Additional Information

• Let us explore  the other options:
• Perception means The ability to notice or understand something. (इंद्रियों द्वारा ग्रहण या बोध; प्रत्‍यक्षण)
• Admire means To respect or like somebody/something very much. (किसी के प्रति आदर व प्रशंसा का भाव रखना)
• Assure means To make something sure or certain. (निश्‍चित करना, सुनिश्‍चित करना)
• Prospective means Likely to be or to happen; possible. (संभावित; संभव)

The correct answer is 'Cope'.

 

Key Points

• The word "cope" means to deal effectively with something difficult. (सामना करना या सामंजस्य बिठाना)
• It is often followed by the preposition "with".
• In the first sentence, it refers to managing the demands of a job and parenting. In the second sentence, it refers to dealing with harsh weather conditions.
• The other options do not fit the grammatical structure "_______ with" in this context or do not make sense.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option D'.

Complete Sentences: 

1. The single mother could not cope with a full-time job and parenting, so she hired a nanny.
2. The farmers were unable to cope with the harsh dry weather and many of their crops died.

​

Additional Information

• Scope (क्षेत्र/विस्तार): The extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it is relevant.
• Hope (आशा): A feeling of expectation and desire for a certain thing to happen.
• Detach (अलग करना): To disconnect or separate something from something else.
• Desire (इच्छा): A strong feeling of wanting to have something or wishing for something to happen.

The correct answer is apology for using profanity.

Key Points

The meaning of the phrase ‘Pardon my French' is 'to apologize for swearing'.

'A' and 'B' don't express the correct meaning of the phrase.

'C' is the correct meaning of the phrase as used in the sentence.

Additional Information

Origin of the idiom: In the 19^th century, when English people used French expressions in conversation they often apologized for it – presumably because many of their listeners (then as now) wouldn't be familiar with the language". The phrase is uttered in an attempt to excuse the user of profanity, swearing, or curses in the presence of those offended by it, under the pretense of the words being part of a foreign language.

Usage of swearing in the English Language: When you use swear words, they allow you to convey an emotion that would otherwise not be as easy to communicate. Swear words increase your vocabulary and give you a wider range of emotions to invoke than if you didn't use any.

The correct answer is gossip idly.

Key Points

The meaning of the phrase ‘chew the fat' is 'to chat in a leisurely and prolonged way'.

'A' and 'B' don't express the correct meaning of the phrase as used in the sentence.

'C' is the correct meaning of the phrase used in the sentence.

Additional Information

Origin of the idiom: Some sources attribute the phrase "chew the fat" to sailors, who during a period of resting and conversing, or while working together, would chew on salt-hardened fat.

The correct answer is ignored and ostracized.

Key Points

The meaning of the phrase **‘**sent to Coventry' is to ostracize; to ignore or refuse to communicate with one, typically as a form of punishment. Typically, this is done by not talking to them, avoiding their company, and acting as if they no longer exist. Victims are treated as though they are completely invisible and inaudible.

'A' doesn't express the correct meaning of the phrase as used in the sentence.

'B' and 'C' are the correct meanings of the phrase as used in the sentence.

Additional Information

Origin of the idiom: The origin of this idiom is based upon 'The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England', by Edward Hyde, 1^st Earl of Clarendon. In this work, Clarendon recounts how Royalist troops that were captured in Birmingham were taken as prisoners to Coventry, which was a Parliamentarian stronghold. These troops were often not received warmly by the locals.

The correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Key Points

• The most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence is 'frequently goes'.
• "Frequently" is the adverb that correctly modifies the verb "goes," indicating the frequency of the action.
• The original phrase "frequent go" is incorrect because "frequent" should be replaced with its adverb form "frequently" to properly modify the verb.
• Let us look at one more example-
• Example- Ramesh frequently goes to the ice cream parlor after having dinner.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Frequently goes'.

Correct sentence: Mary frequently goes for long drives outside the main city, enjoying the fresh air, the beautiful scenery, and the tranquility that nature provides.

Additional Information

• An adverb is a part of speech that modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
• Adverbs often provide information about how, when, where, why, or to what extent something happens or is done.
• Example- He ran quickly after he robbed the bank.
• In the above example, The adverb 'quickly' tells us about the verb 'Ran'.

The correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Key Points

• The error lies in the tense inconsistency in the given sentence.
• The verb tense needs to match the past tense of "learned."
• "Is studying" is in the present tense.
• "When" indicates a specific time in the past, so the past continuous tense is needed.
• The correct form of the past continuous tense for "he" is "he was studying."

Therefore, the correct answer is 'He was studying'.

Correct sentence: Murthy learned Classical music from Mr Venkat who is a renowned teacher while he was studying in the fourth grade.

Additional Information

• We have to remember that we have to maintain the tense consistency in any given sentence.
• Example- Rajesh was doing a part-time job while he was in college.
• Option 1 is inappropriate in the given sentence.
• Option 2 is inappropriate in the given sentence.
• Option 4 is inappropriate in the given sentence.

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Key Points

• The correct conjunction to use after "No sooner had I finished my final exam" is "than," not "then" or "that."
• In this sentence, "than" is used to contrast the completion of the exam with the invitation to the trip.
• The sentence structure is "No sooner + auxiliary verb + subject + verb + than + subject + verb."
• Example- No sooner had she left the house than it started raining.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'than my friends invited'.

Correct answer: 'No sooner had I finished my office project than my friends invited me to join them on a bike trip to Ladakh'.

Additional Information

• 'When' is used when the sentence starts with 'Hardly', 'Rarely' and 'Scarcely'.
• Example- Hardly had I left the place when she called me back.
• Option 1 is inappropriate in the sentence.
• Option 3 is inappropriate in the sentence.
• Option 4 is inappropriate in the sentence.

The correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is grammatically incorrect.
• Here, 'often come here' should be used instead of 'often coming here'.
• Often is an adverb meaning ‘many times on different occasions (कई बार अलग-अलग मौकों पर)’.
• The adverb 'often' shows a regular action.
• In this kind of case after the adverb, the base form of the verb is used.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Often come here'.

Correct sentence: "Suman and his friend often come here after college is over to read books and spend 2 hours.

Additional Information

• Option 1 is inappropriate and grammatically incorrect.
• Option 2 is inappropriate and grammatically incorrect.
• Option 3 is inappropriate and grammatically incorrect.

The correct answer is Option 5.

 

Key Points

• To arrange the jumbled sentences into a meaningful paragraph, we need to identify the introductory sentence, the supporting sentences, and the concluding sentence.
• E: Colossal technology companies, like Google and Amazon, have redefined modern life with their innovative products and services. This sentence acts as a general introduction, presenting the main topic (colossal technology companies) and their overarching impact. It doesn't rely on any prior sentence for context.
• Example: Pioneering scientists, like Marie Curie, redefined our understanding of radioactivity.
• D: These companies often invest heavily in research and development, constantly pushing the boundaries of what's technologically possible. The phrase "These companies" directly refers back to the "Colossal technology companies" introduced in E, explaining their operational approach to innovation.
• A: Their cloud computing infrastructure, for instance, powers countless digital services worldwide. The phrase "for instance" indicates that this sentence provides a specific example of the "innovative products and services" mentioned in E or the "technologically possible" advancements from D.
• B: Moreover, their artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms underpin everything from search engines to personalized recommendations. "Moreover" signals an addition to the examples given, highlighting another significant technological area.
• C: Consequently, their influence extends far beyond mere consumer electronics, shaping industries and economies globally. "Consequently" indicates a result or conclusion drawn from the pervasive nature of their technology discussed in A and B, summarizing their broad influence.
• Therefore, the logical sequence is E-D-A-B-C.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 5'.

 

Additional Information

• A (Their cloud computing infrastructure, for instance...): Starts with a pronoun ("Their") and a phrase indicating an example ("for instance"), meaning it cannot be the opening sentence.
• B (Moreover, their artificial intelligence...): Starts with a conjunction ("Moreover") which connects it to a previous idea, thus it cannot be the first sentence.
• C (Consequently, their influence...): Starts with a word indicating a consequence ("Consequently"), implying it follows other statements, making it unsuitable as an opener.
• D (These companies often invest...): Starts with a demonstrative pronoun ("These companies") that refers back to a previously mentioned group of companies, so it cannot be the first sentence.

The correct answer is Option 5.

 

Key Points

• To arrange the jumbled sentences into a meaningful paragraph, we need to identify the introductory sentence, the supporting sentences, and the concluding sentence.
• The logical flow is as follows:

1. E: Colossal technology companies, like Google and Amazon, have redefined modern life with their innovative products and services. (This is the best introductory sentence as it introduces the main topic – colossal technology companies – and their overall impact.)
2. D: These companies often invest heavily in research and development, constantly pushing the boundaries of what's technologically possible. (This sentence logically follows E. "These companies" refers back to the "Colossal technology companies" in E, and it explains how they achieve the "innovative products and services" mentioned.)

• Example: Large corporations often invest heavily in R&D to stay competitive.

3. A: Their cloud computing infrastructure, for instance, powers countless digital services worldwide. (This sentence provides the first specific example of their technology, using "for instance" to elaborate on their capabilities.)
4. B: Moreover, their artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms underpin everything from search engines to personalized recommendations. ("Moreover" signals an additional example of their technological impact, building on the previous one.)
5. C: Consequently, their influence extends far beyond mere consumer electronics, shaping industries and economies globally. ("Consequently" indicates a conclusion or a broader implication derived from the preceding statements about their technology.)

• Based on this logical order (E-D-A-B-C), the second sentence in the paragraph should be D.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 5'.

 

Additional Information

• A (Their cloud computing infrastructure, for instance...): Starts with a pronoun ("Their") and a phrase indicating an example ("for instance"), meaning it cannot be the opening sentence, nor typically the second unless immediately following a general introduction of who "their" refers to, which is not the case here.
• B (Moreover, their artificial intelligence...): Starts with a conjunction ("Moreover") which connects it to a previous idea, thus it cannot be the second sentence.
• C (Consequently, their influence...): Starts with a word indicating a consequence ("Consequently"), implying it follows other statements, making it unsuitable as the second sentence.
• E (Colossal technology companies...): This is the introductory sentence, so it cannot be the second.

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• To arrange the jumbled sentences into a meaningful paragraph, we need to identify the introductory sentence, the supporting sentences, and the concluding sentence.
• The logical flow is as follows:

1. E: Colossal technology companies, like Google and Amazon, have redefined modern life with their innovative products and services. (This is the best introductory sentence as it introduces the main topic – colossal technology companies – and their overall impact.)
2. D: These companies often invest heavily in research and development, constantly pushing the boundaries of what's technologically possible. (This sentence logically follows E. "These companies" refers back to the "Colossal technology companies" in E, and it explains how they achieve the "innovative products and services" mentioned.)
3. A: Their cloud computing infrastructure, for instance, powers countless digital services worldwide. (This sentence provides the first specific example of their technology, using "for instance" to elaborate on their capabilities, directly following the general statement about pushing boundaries.)

• Example: For instance, solar panels convert sunlight into electricity.

4. B: Moreover, their artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms underpin everything from search engines to personalized recommendations. ("Moreover" signals an additional example of their technological impact, building on the previous one in A.)
5. C: Consequently, their influence extends far beyond mere consumer electronics, shaping industries and economies globally. ("Consequently" indicates a conclusion or a broader implication derived from the preceding statements about their technology.)

• Based on this logical order (E-D-A-B-C), the third sentence in the paragraph should be A.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Additional Information

• B (Moreover, their artificial intelligence...): Starts with a conjunction ("Moreover"), indicating it is adding to a previous point, so it cannot be the third sentence unless there were two preceding specific examples.
• C (Consequently, their influence...): Starts with a word indicating a consequence ("Consequently"), making it a concluding sentence, not a middle one.
• E (Colossal technology companies...): This is the introductory sentence, so it cannot be the third.
• D (These companies often invest...): This is the second sentence, providing general information after the introduction, but not a specific example, which A provides as the third.

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• To arrange the jumbled sentences into a meaningful paragraph, we need to identify the introductory sentence, the supporting sentences, and the concluding sentence.
• The logical flow is as follows:

1. E: Colossal technology companies, like Google and Amazon, have redefined modern life with their innovative products and services. (This is the best introductory sentence as it introduces the main topic – colossal technology companies – and their overall impact.)
2. D: These companies often invest heavily in research and development, constantly pushing the boundaries of what's technologically possible. (This sentence logically follows E. "These companies" refers back to the "Colossal technology companies" in E, and it explains how they achieve the "innovative products and services" mentioned.)
3. A: Their cloud computing infrastructure, for instance, powers countless digital services worldwide. (This sentence provides the first specific example of their technology, using "for instance" to elaborate on their capabilities, directly following the general statement about pushing boundaries.)
4. B: Moreover, their artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms underpin everything from search engines to personalized recommendations. ("Moreover" signals an additional example of their technological impact, building on the previous one in A.)

• Example: Moreover, the new policy will improve efficiency.

5. C: Consequently, their influence extends far beyond mere consumer electronics, shaping industries and economies globally. ("Consequently" indicates a conclusion or a broader implication derived from the preceding statements about their technology.)

• Based on this logical order (E-D-A-B-C), the fourth sentence in the paragraph should be B.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Additional Information

• C (Consequently, their influence...): Starts with a word indicating a consequence ("Consequently"), making it a concluding sentence, generally found at the end of a cohesive paragraph.
• A (Their cloud computing infrastructure, for instance...): This is the third sentence, providing the first specific example.
• D (These companies often invest...): This is the second sentence, providing a general explanation after the introduction.
• E (Colossal technology companies...): This is the introductory sentence, so it cannot be the fourth.

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• To arrange the jumbled sentences into a meaningful paragraph, we need to identify the introductory sentence, the supporting sentences, and the concluding sentence.
• The logical flow is as follows:

1. E: Colossal technology companies, like Google and Amazon, have redefined modern life with their innovative products and services. (This is the best introductory sentence as it introduces the main topic – colossal technology companies – and their overall impact.)
2. D: These companies often invest heavily in research and development, constantly pushing the boundaries of what's technologically possible. (This sentence logically follows E. "These companies" refers back to the "Colossal technology companies" in E, and it explains how they achieve the "innovative products and services" mentioned.)
3. A: Their cloud computing infrastructure, for instance, powers countless digital services worldwide. (This sentence provides the first specific example of their technology, using "for instance" to elaborate on their capabilities, directly following the general statement about pushing boundaries.)
4. B: Moreover, their artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms underpin everything from search engines to personalized recommendations. ("Moreover" signals an additional example of their technological impact, building on the previous one in A.)
5. C: Consequently, their influence extends far beyond mere consumer electronics, shaping industries and economies globally. ("Consequently" indicates a conclusion or a broader implication derived from the preceding statements about their technology, making it the natural concluding sentence.)

• Example: Consequently, the city implemented new traffic laws.
• Based on this logical order (E-D-A-B-C), the fifth sentence in the paragraph should be C.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Additional Information

• E (Colossal technology companies...): This is the introductory sentence.
• D (These companies often invest...): This is the second sentence.
• A (Their cloud computing infrastructure, for instance...): This is the third sentence.
• B (Moreover, their artificial intelligence...): This is the fourth sentence.