SBI Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held On: 15 Jan 2023 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is 'INS Sindhudhvaj'.

Key Points

• INS Sindhudhvaj bid adieu to the Navy on Saturday after serving for 35 years. Vice-Admiral Biswajit Dasgupta, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Naval Command, was the chief guest at the ceremony. The decommissioning was attended by 15 of the former commanding officers, including Commodore SP Singh (Retd), the commissioning CO and 26 commissioning crew veterans.
• Sindhudhvaj, as the name suggests, was the flag-bearer of indigenisation and Navy’s efforts towards achieving ‘Atmanirbharta’ in the Russian-built Sindhughosh class submarines throughout her journey in the Navy.
• She had many a first to her credit, including operationalisation of the indigenised sonar USHUS, indigenised satellite communication systems Rukmani and inertial navigation system and indigenised torpedo fire control system.
• She also successfully undertook personnel transfer with deep submergence rescue vessel and was only submarine to be awarded CNS Rolling trophy for Innovation by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• The traditional ceremony was conducted at sunset, with an overcast sky adding to the solemnity of the occasion when the Decommissioning Pennant was lowered and the submarine was paid off after a glorious patrol of 35 years.

Additional Information 

• INS Sindhudhvaj (S56) was a Sindhughosh-class submarine of the Indian Navy in service from 1987.
• Sindhughosh-class submarines are Kilo-class diesel-electric submarines in active service with the Indian Navy.
• The Sindhughosh submarines, designated 877EKM, were designed as part of Project 877, and built under a contract between Rosvooruzhenieand the Ministry of Defence (India).

The correct answer is 50000.

Key Points

• The Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS) has been extended up to March 2023 and its guarantee cover has been expanded by Rs. 50,000 crores.
• The total cover will now be Rs. 5 lakh crore.
• This was announced by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman while presenting the Union Budget 2022-23.
• The raising and Accelerating MSME Performance (RAMP) program will also be rolled out.

Important Points

• The Credit Guarantee Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE) Scheme will be revamped with the required infusion of funds.
• This will facilitate additional credit of Rs. 2 lakh crore for Micro and Small Enterprises and expand employment opportunities.
• The Finance Minister also announced the rolling out of Raising and Accelerating MSME Performance (RAMP) program with outlay of Rs. 6,000 crore over 5 years.
• This will help the MSME sector become more resilient, competitive, and efficient.
• The Udyam, e-Shram, NCS, and ASEEM portals will be interlinked.
• Their scope will be widened.

The correct answer is Assam.

Key Points

• The Assam government has announced that the Rajiv Gandhi Orang National Park will be known as the Orang National Park.
• It is the oldest reserve in the state, located on the north bank of the Brahmaputra.
• It is located in the Darrang and Sonitpur districts of Assam.
• The development comes weeks after the Centre dropped former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi’s name from the Khel Ratna award.
• The park is known for the one-horned rhino, tigers, elephants, etc.

Additional Information

• It is often called ‘Mini Kaziranga’ owing to the similarities in topography, and a rich population of the one-horned rhino.
• Orang was notified as a game reserve by the British in 1915, making it the oldest such reserve in the state.
• it was upgraded to a National Park in 1999.
• The other existing national parks in Assam are Kaziranga, Manas, Dibru-Saikhowa, Nameri, Dehing Patkai and Raimona.

The correct answer is August 2022.

In News

• The Delhi High Court on January 25 directed the Reserve Bank of India and the Centre to ensure the implementation of the central bank’s framework on regulation of digital lending platforms.

Key Points

• A division bench of Chief Justice Satish Chandra Sharma and Justice Subramonium Prasad in its January 25 decision observed that the RBI had issued a framework on August 10, 2022, on the regulation of digital lending platforms, including online lending platforms and mobile applications, based on the recommendations of its working committee, and hence no further orders were required.
• The High court bench said that the Government of India will take immediate steps at an early date in accordance with law.
• The RBI said online lending platforms are deployed by banks/NBFCs for the grant of loans that can either be owned by them or availed by them under the outsourcing arrangement.
• The RBI said lending activities by such other entities over a digital platform are outside the “direct regulatory purview” of the relevant laws under which it derives power to regulate and supervise such entities.
• The RBI also submitted before the high court that it had constituted a working committee to look into digital lending, including lending through online platforms and mobile apps, and to look into the granular aspects of financial technology and its implications and to review and reorient the regulatory framework.

Additional Information

• The high court was hearing a public interest litigation seeking a direction to the Centre to regulate and control the working of online digital lenders engaged in lending money through mobile applications or any other platform, and restrain them from charging exorbitant interest on the loan from borrowers, harassing the borrowers and to save the borrowers from recovery agents and to fix the maximum interest of rate chargeable by online digital lenders.
• The plea sought the setting up of a grievance redressal mechanism for borrowers in every state/Union of India.

The Correct Answer is Both 1 and 3.

Key Points

• The sugar marketing year runs from October to September.
• India is the world's second-largest sugar producer after Brazil.
• Sugar production in Uttar Pradesh, the country's top sugar-producing state, remained lower at 6.86 million tonnes during the October-February period of this marketing year, as against 7.42 million tonnes in the year-ago period.
• However, sugar production in Maharashtra, the country's second-largest producing state, rose to 9.71 million tonnes from 8.48 million tonnes; while that in Karnataka, the country's third-largest producing state, rose to 5.08 million tonnes from 4.08 million tonnes.

Additional Information

• India's sugar exports are estimated to increase 15.38 percent year-on-year to 7.5 million tonnes (MT) in the current marketing year 2021-22, on a likely rise in demand for the Indian sweetener amid the possibility of a global deficit.
• The country has physically exported 4.2 MT of sugar till February of the current marketing year, against the export contracts already undertaken for shipment of six million tonnes.

The correct answer is Nikhil Kamath.

Key Points

• Nikhil Kamath, the cofounder of Zerodha, has topped the 'IIFL Wealth Hurun India 40 & Under Self-Made Rich List 2022' with a net worth of Rs 17,500 crore.
• Bhavish Aggarwal, the founder of Ola, came in second place (Rs 11,700 crore).
• The list, released on 28 Sept 2022, includes self-made Indian entrepreneurs aged 40 & under with a fortune of Rs 1,000 crore.

Additional Information

• Hurun Report is a leading research group established in London in 1998.
• It has presence in India, China, France, the UK, the USA, Australia, Japan, Canada and Luxembourg.
• Hurun Report is the largest compiler of the rich list globally.

• The National Flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 22 July 1947.
• The ratio of breadth to the length of the Indian national flag is 2 : 3.
• It is a horizontal tricolor of deep saffron (Kesari) at the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom in equal proportion.
• It became the official flag of the Dominion of India on 15 August 1947.
• The Prime Minister hoists the national flag at the Red Fort on Independence Day.
• Pingali Venkayya is the designer of the Indian National Flag.
• | NOTE: The ratio of Length to Breadth is 3:2 | | --- |

The correct answer is Only c.

Key Points

• Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi launched the initiative of the Reserve Bank of India “RBI Retail Direct Scheme” on 12 November 2021.
• “Retail Direct Scheme” is a one-stop solution under which individual retail investors can open a Gilt Securities Account – “Retail Direct Gilt (RDG)” account with RBI. Using this account, retail investors can buy and sell government securities through the online portal.
• Opening an RDG account will allow individuals to buy Government securities directly in the primary market (auctions) as well as buy/sell in the secondary market.
• Individuals and Retail Investors can buy and sell:
• Government of India Treasury Bills (T-Bills)
• Government of India dated securities (dated G-Sec)
• State Development Loans (SDLs)
• Sovereign Gold Bonds (SGB)

Important Points

• The minimum amount for investment through the Retail Direct platform:

• The maximum amount for investment in Government securities:

The correct answer is December 2022.

Key Points

• The Union Cabinet has approved the extension for the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY-Phase VII) for a further period of 3 months i.e. October to December 2022.

 Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana

• PMGKAY is a part of the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package (PMGKP) to help the poor fight the battle against Covid-19.
• Its nodal Ministry is the Ministry of Finance.
• It was initially announced for a three-month period (April, May and June 2020), covering 80 crore ration cardholders. Later it was extended till November 2020.
• Phase-I and Phase-II of this scheme were operational from April to June 2020 and July to November 2020 respectively.
• Phase III of the scheme was operational from May to June 2021.
• Phase IV of the scheme is currently operational for July-November 2021 months.
• The scheme aimed at providing each person who is covered under the NFSA (National Food Security Act 2013) with an additional 5 kg grains (wheat or rice) for free, in addition to the 5 kg of subsidized food grain already provided through the Public Distribution System (PDS).

The much awaited second novel of Arundhati Roy "The Ministry of Utmost Happiness" has been launched. Like its predecessor the Ministry of Utmost Happiness is a complex and a nonlinear narrative. The book is published in India by Penguin Random House. Arundhati Roy was the first Indian woman to win the prestigious Booker Prize with her 1997 work.

The Correct answer is 6.

In News Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has revoked the licence held by Brickwork Ratings and asked it to wind down its credit rating operations within six months.

Key PointsWhat are credit rating agencies?

• Credit Rating Agencies (CRA) are agencies that assess the creditworthiness of organisation, individual or entity and assign ratings to it.
• They take into consideration several factors like the financial statements, level and type of debt, lending and borrowing history, ability to repay the debt, and the past debts of the entity.
• The entities that are rated by credit rating agencies comprise companies, state governments, non-profit organisations, countries, securities, special purpose entities, and local governmental bodies.
• In India, CRAs are regulated by SEBI (Credit Rating Agencies) Regulations, 1999 of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992.
• Brickwork ratings- Brickwork is one of the SEBI-registered credit rating agencies in India.
• It is also a Reserve Bank of India (RBI) accredited credit rating agency.

The Correct Answer is ​Shreshta.

 In News

• ​Government Launches Shreshta Scheme To Provide Quality Education To Scheduled Caste Students.

Key Points

• In a significant move aimed at advancing education and promoting the socio-economic progress of Scheduled Castes (SCs), the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment has introduced the 'Scheme for Residential Education for Students in High Schools in Targeted Areas' (SHRESHTA).
• The initiative envisions the creation of a conducive environment for the socio-economic upliftment and comprehensive development of SC students.
• The scheme's implementation is structured in two distinct modes.
• First, there are the SHRESHTA schools, which comprise the best CBSE/State Board-affiliated private residential schools.
• Under this mode, a specified number of outstanding SC students in various States and Union Territories (UTs) will be selected annually through the National Entrance Test for SHRESHTA (NETS), conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA).
• The students will then be admitted to the best private residential schools affiliated with CBSE/State Boards for their education from the 9^th to the 12^th standard.
• Selection of these schools is based on their exemplary performance, with schools boasting over a 75 per cent pass rate for classes 10 and 12 over the past three years being chosen by a selection committee for the admission of selected students.

The correct answer is South Africa.

Key Points

• The full form of  BRICS is Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
• Initially, in 2009 there were only four countries. (BRIC)
• South Africa joined in 2010.
• It is associated with five emerging economies of the world that have a significant influence on regional affairs.
• It was formed in 2009 and since then the governments of these 5 countries met annually at formal summits.
• So, From 2010 Countries involved chairs the BRICS summits according to sequence of B-R-I-C-S.
• As, in 2021 India chaired the 13^th BRICS Summit, next initial is C So, this year, in 2022 China Chaired the Summit. Next year South Africa will host this Summit.

The correct answer is 15 years.

Key Points

• Union Government on 25 September 2014 launched Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Antyodaya Yojana for urban and rural poor.
• Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Antyodaya Yojana has two components one for urban India and other for rural India.
• The Urban component will be implemented by the Union Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation while rural component named as Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana will be implemented by the Union Ministry of Rural Development.
• Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana
• Under the Yojana, the Union Ministry of Rural Development will launch skill development training centres on a large scale to address the problem of unemployment particularly in rural India.
• The minimum age for entry under the Yojana is 15 years compared to 18 years under the Aajeevika Skills Programme.
• It aims to enable the rural poor to increase their household income by means of sustainable livelihood.
• The scheme started out with an agenda to cover 7 Crore rural poor households via Self Help Groups (SHGs).

The correct answer is 'October 11'.

Key Points

• International Day of the Girl Child is an international observance day on October 11 declared by the United Nations.
• It is also called the Day of Girls and the International Day of the Girl.
• October 11, 2012, was the first Day of the Girl Child.
• The observation supports more opportunity for girls and increases awareness of gender inequality faced by girls worldwide based upon their gender.
• This inequality includes areas such as access to education, nutrition, legal rights, medical care, and protection from discrimination, violence against women and forced child marriage.
• The celebration of the day also "reflects the successful emergence of girls and young women as a distinct cohort in development policy, programming, campaigning and research."
• Various events to promote the Day of Girls are planned in several countries. Some are sponsored by the United Nations, such as a concert in Mumbai, India.

Additional Information

• Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5 or Global Goal 5) concerns gender equality and is fifth of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by United Nations in 2015.
• The targets and indicators for SDG 5 are extensive and provide equal opportunity for females (women and girls), and cover a broad crosscutting gender issues including ending all forms of discrimination as well as violence against all females.

The correct answer is 'Annie Ernaux'.

Key Points

• Eighty-Two-year-old French writer Annie Ernaux has been awarded the Nobel Prize in literature for the year 2022.
• The author awarded for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory. Her literary work maintains close links with sociology.
• Annie Ernaux is a pioneer of autofiction, a style of writing that combines two mutually inconsistent narrative forms, namely autobiography and fiction.
• The events in her book, she says, belong to everyone, to history, to sociology. In her works, the past is a raw material of her writings, which is transformed by rooting it in the present.
• Ernaux says “necessity, not pleasure” takes her back to her past, which she dissects like a forensics expert examining a crime scene. Her magnum opus, Les années (The Years) has been written in the vein of a memoir and explodes with perspective and voice.
• The book has been written using “one” and “we” and occasionally “she” or “they”, but never “I” The Happening, recounting her experience as a university student in France in 1963, is an intense account of an illegal abortion.
• The novel was also adapted into an award winning French drama thriller film in 2021 by the same name.

Additional Information

• The Nobel Prize in Literature is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction".
• Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole.

The correct answer is Abhay Kumar Singh.

• The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has appointed Abhay Kumar Singh as Joint Secretary of the newly formed Ministry of Cooperation.
• He is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer, Bihar Cadre of 2004 batch.
• He has been appointed for a combined tenure of seven years upto 30 August 2022 from the date of assumption of the charge of the post.
• Other Appointments:
• Vijaya Lakshmi Nadendla and Priya Ranjan have been appointed as Joint Secretaries in the Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
• Pramod Kumar Meherda has been appointed as Managing Director in National Food Security Mission (NFSM) under the Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
• Kavita Garg has been named as Joint Secretary in the Ministry of AYUSH.
• Kavita Singh was appointed as Joint Secretary in Cabinet Secretariat.
• Vibhu Nayar was named as Executive Director, India Trade Promotion Organisation (ITPO) under the Department of Commerce.

The correct answer is ​Rural Electrification Corporation Limited.

Key Points

• Rural Electrification Corporation Limited (REC) has been accorded the status of a ‘Maharatna’ Central Public Sector Enterprise, thus giving REC greater operational and financial autonomy.
• An order to this effect was issued on 21^st September by the Department of Public Enterprises, under the Ministry of Finance.
• Incorporated in 1969, REC is an NBFC focusing on Power Sector Financing and Development across India.
• Shri Vivek Kumar Dewangan, CMD, REC said that REC achieved this feat owing to its adaptability, resilience, and consistent performance even during the global covid-19 pandemic.
• REC has played a key role in the success of the flagship schemes of the Government of India such as DDUGJY and SAUBHAGYA and has contributed towards achieving village and household electrification in the country.
• The Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) is an Indian government scheme intending to provide an uninterrupted power supply to the rural parts of India.
• Saubhagya Scheme or Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana is an Indian government project to provide electricity to non-electrified rural households.

Additional Information List of Maharatna Companies in India 2022

The correct answer is Vinod Rai.

Key Points

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has appointed Vinod Rai as the independent Chairman of the Unity Small Finance Bank (USFB).
• He is the former Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) Chief.
• The bank has also appointed Sandip Ghose, an RBI veteran, Basant Seth, the former Chairman and Managing Director of erstwhile Syndicate Bank, and Subhash Kutte, former chairman RBL Bank, to its board.

Additional Information

• Senior bureaucrat Vikram Dev Dutt has been appointed as the chairman and managing director (CMD) of Air India Ltd.
• Narendra Kumar Goenka has been appointed as the new chairman of the Apparel Export Promotion Council, AEPC.
• Reserve Bank of India has approved the appointment of Ittira Davis as managing director & chief executive officer of (MD & CEO) of Ujjivan Small Finance Bank for one tenure.
• To put restrictions on para-banks whenever vital financial metrics dip below the prescribed threshold, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has introduced a prompt corrective action (PCA) framework for large non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) with effect from October 2022.
• RBI 25^th Governor: Shaktikanta Das (As of Jan 2022).
• RBI Headquarters: Mumbai;
• RBI Founded: 1 April 1935, Kolkata.
• Economist Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas has been named as the next chief economist of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
• Former Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor, Urjit Patel has been appointed as Vice President of the multilateral funding institution Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)

The correct answer is Tamil Nadu.

• Taiwan’s Pegatron Corporation and Tata Electronics will invest separately in Tamil Nadu to make mobile phones and parts.
• Tata Electronics will invest ₹5,763 crores for making mobile phone components and Pegatron will invest ₹1,100 crores to make mobile phones as part of its phase I investment.
• The other companies to invest in Tamil Nadu include Sun Edison and Ola Electric.
• Tamil Nadu:
• Chief Minister - Edappadi K. Palaniswami.
• Governor - Banwarilal Purohit.
• Lok Sabha seats - 39.
• Rajya Sabha seats - 18.

The correct answer is Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger.

Key Points

• Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger have jointly won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
• They have won it "for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science".
• In 2021, the award was given to Giorgio Parisi, Klaus Hasselmann and Syukuro Manabe.

Additional Information

• Recent Awards and Honours:
• Likith YP has won bronze medal in the Skill of Prototype Modelling at the WorldSkills Competition 2022.
• Former India Chief of Naval Staff, Admiral Sunil Lanba was conferred Singapore’s prestigious military award, the Pingat Jasa Gemilang (Tentera) or Meritorious Service Medal (Military).
• Bangladesh-born Fahmida Azim working for the Insider online magazine of US has been selected for the 2022 Pulitzer prize.
• Karnataka Chief Minister Basavaraj Bommai has announced that Kannada film star Puneeth Rajkumar, who died 2021, will be conferred with the 'Karnataka Ratna' award posthumously, on November 1, 2022.
• Michelle Poonawalla received the Shromani Award at NRI World Summit 2022, United Kingdom in July 2022.
• India's Vijay Amritraj has been named the 2021 recipient of the Golden Achievement Award.

The correct answer is ‘20%’

Key Points

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has tightened the rules for non-banking finance companies (NBFCs) relating to their large exposures.
• RBI capped aggregate exposure of NBFCs which are in the upper layer toward one entity at 20% of the capital base.
• The limit can only be extended by another 5% with the board’s approval.
• For a particular borrower group, the cap is at 25%, with an additional 10% if exposure is towards infrastructure.
• The upper-layer NBFCs are typically the top 10 ones in terms of asset size.
• However, NBFCs that are into infrastructure finance can have exposure of 25 percent, with an option of an additional 5 percent of Tier I capital to a single counterparty.
• For a group of connected counterparties, infrastructure companies can have an exposure of 35 percent of Tier-I capital.
• In case of breach of the large exposure limits, the NBFCs have to report to the department of supervision of RBI.
• The RBI has also warned that any failure to comply with the exposure limit may lead to the imposition of penalties on the NBFCs.
• These norms will come into effect from October 1, 2022.

The correct answer is 2030.

Key Points

• Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi launched the National Logistics Policy in New Delhi on 17^th September. India had taken yet another important step towards becoming a developed nation with the National Logistics Policy.
• The policy aspires to reduce the cost of logistics in India to be comparable to global benchmarks by 2030, endeavor to be among the top 25 countries by 2030 in the Logistics Performance Index ranking, and create a data-driven decision support mechanism for an efficient logistics ecosystem.
• The implementation of the National Logistics Policy would bring down logistics costs, give a boost to international trade, help in making India ‘atmanirbhar’ or self-reliant, usher in prosperity in the nation, and present new opportunities to our startups.
• The policy would be highly beneficial to the farmers of the country, helping them to take their produce to the markets at a faster pace and reduce wastage and delay.  This would bring down prices in the economy - said Piyush Goyal, Union Minister of Commerce and Industry.
• The Policy will be implemented through a Comprehensive Logistics Action Plan (CLAP).

The interventions proposed under the CLAP are divided into eight key action areas:(i) Integrated Digital Logistics Systems (ii) Standardization of physical assets and benchmarking service quality standards (iii) Logistics Human Resources Development and Capacity Building (iv) State Engagement (v) EXIM (Export-Import) Logistics (vi) Service Improvement framework (vii) Sectoral Plan for Efficient Logistics (viii) Facilitation of Development of Logistics Parks.

The correct answer is Sweden.

Key Points

• The agreement will enable the two sides to explore smart aviation solutions and pave the way for bilateral exchanges of aviation knowledge and technology.
• It will allow Indian companies to accelerate growth while leveraging Swedish innovation and expertise.
• Under the aegis of the MoU, companies can collaborate in areas of mutual interest.

Additional Information

• Accordingly, AAI and LFV, both government agencies of India and Sweden respectively, will collaborate on the following areas:
• Air traffic management
• Air traffic control
• Remote airport management and traffic control
• Airspace design and planning
• Airport design and infrastructure
• Digitalized airport and aviation
• Capability and training
• Sustainable airports and aviation
• Processes for pilots
• Processes for scale-up
• A Joint Working Group shall be organized to prioritize interest areas and drive collaboration between the two countries.
• This MoU will play a crucial role in furthering government-to-government engagements between India and Sweden in the Aviation sector in addition to other existing engagements such as sustainability, healthcare, innovation, energy, and infrastructure etc.

The correct answer is ​Madhya Pradesh.

In News 

• In the category of best performing states in ‘Swachh Survekshan Awards 2022’, Madhya Pradesh has secured the first position, followed by Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra.
• Indore was adjudged India’s cleanest city for the sixth time in a row, while Surat and Navi Mumbai followed it on the next two spots.

Additional Information

• Telangana won the first prize under the large states category under the Swachh Survekshan Grameen (SSG) 2022 which looks into the sanitation status of rural areas.
• Haryana was in the second position while Tamil Nadu was third.
• Among smaller states and Union territories, Andaman and Nicobar secured the first position followed by Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu and Sikkim.
• In the category of cities having population fewer than one lakh, Maharashtra’s Panchgani was ranked number one, followed by Chhattisgarh’s Patan (NP) and Maharashtra’s Karhad.
• Haridwar was adjudged the cleanest Ganga town in the category of more than 1 lakh population, followed by Varanasi and Rishikesh.
• In to the survey, Maharashtra’s Deolali was adjudged the country’s cleanest Cantonment Board.

The correct answer is RBI.

Key Points

• Union Minister for Finance and Corporate Affairs, Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman proposed to introduce a “Digital Rupee”, using blockchain and other technologies, to be issued by the Reserve Bank of India starting 2022-23.
• RBI will introduce “Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)” to give a big boost to the digital economy.
• “Digital currency will also lead to a more efficient and cheaper currency management system”.

Important Points

• A CBDC is a legal tender issued by a central bank in a digital form. It is the same as a fiat currency and is exchangeable one-to-one with the fiat currency. Only its form is different.
• “Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)” and "Cryptocurrency" are not the same thing. The digital rupee will be the digital version of physical cash issued by the RBI and will, be sovereign-backed. On the other hand, cryptocurrencies are not backed by a government or central bank and are traded online. Any income from the transfer of any "Virtual Digital  Asset" will now be taxed under a 30% slab rate.
• The official bill to regulate the digital currency- “The Cryptocurrency and Regulation of Official Digital Currency Bill 2021” was introduced in the Parliament during the winter session that starts on November 29, 2021.

Additional Information

• Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman proposed to set up** **75 Digital Banking Units (DBUs) in 75 districts of the country by Scheduled Commercial Banks.

The correct answer is 2 and 3 only.

Key Points

• The Centre has launched "PM-CARES for Children" scheme, which will take care of their educational needs, including higher education.
• All children who have lost both parents or surviving parent or legal guardian/adoptive parents due to Covid 19 will be supported under the ‘PM-CARES for Children’ scheme. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
• PM CARES will contribute through a specially designed scheme to create a corpus of Rs 10 lakh for each child when he or she reaches 18 years of age.
• For children under 10 years-
• The child will be given admission to the nearest Kendriya Vidyalaya or in a private school as a day scholar.
• PM-CARES will also pay for expenditure on uniforms, textbooks, and notebooks.
• For children between 11-18 years-
• The child will be given admission to any Central Government residential school such as Sainik School, Navodaya Vidyalaya, etc.
• PM CARES will also pay for expenditure on uniforms, textbooks, and notebooks.
• The child will be assisted in obtaining an education loan for Professional courses / Higher Education in India as per the existing Education Loan norms. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• All children will be enrolled as a beneficiary under Ayushman Bharat Scheme (PM-JAY) with a health insurance cover of Rs. 5 lakhs. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

The correct answer is Goa.

Key Points

• As per the 2011 census,
• 833.5 million persons live in rural areas i.e: 2/3^rd of the total population while, 377.1 million persons live in urban areas.
• The urban population proportion is 31.2%.
• Among states, Goa is the most urbanised State with a 62.2% urban population
• Among all the States and Union territories, the National Capital Territory of Delhi and Chandigarh are most urbanized with 97.5% and 97.25% urban population respectively, followed by Daman and Diu (75.2%) and Puducherry (68.3%).
• Among the North-Eastern States, Mizoram is most urbanised with 51.5% urban population.
• Among major states, Tamil Nadu continues to be the most urbanized state with 48.4% of the population living in urban areas.
• It is followed by Kerala (47.7%) and Maharashtra (45.2%).

The correct answer is ‘Bombay Stock Exchange’

Key Points

• Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) has collaborated with the Maharashtra Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture to promote and create awareness in the state on the benefits of listing on its SME platform.
• Through this partnership, BSE will provide intellectual and manpower support to enterprises registered with the Maharashtra Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture (MACCIA) to get listed on the BSE SME platform.
• Also, BSE SME will provide training and capacity-building programmes to MACCIA officials.
• The exchange will appoint a nodal person as single point contact in Maharashtra for providing an end-to-end solution with respect to registration or listing on its SME platform.
• Being the apex chamber and primary body of all associations, MACCIA represents the highest MSMEs in the state.
• This pact will help the micro, small and medium industries in the state to get registered in the capital market and raise capital from the public capital market.
• Recently, BSE signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Federal Bank to promote the listing of SMEs and startups.
• As on 29^th June 2022, 375 companies have been listed on the BSE SME Platform and has raise a little over Rs 3,997 crore from the market

• The Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act is regulated by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
• The FCRA  was passed by the Parliament of India in 2010.
• The Act regulates the arrival and movement of foreign funds in India.
• Licensing and revocation of licenses to major NGOs, institutions and various authorities is also the function of the Ministry of Home Affairs.
• The act prevents the arrival of illegal foreign currency in India, Terror funding and other illegal financial transfers.
• The Ministry of Finance oversees and regulates the work related to finance.
• The Ministry of Corporate Affairs deals with the corporate company and other related matters.

The correct answer is 'HDFC Bank, Canara Bank'.

Key Points

• HDFC Bank and Canara Bank have got approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to open a special Vostro account for trade in rupees and both the approvals are for trade with Russia.
• So far five Indian banks, UCO Bank, Union Bank, and IndusInd Bank being the other three, have received regulatory clearance for such trade.
• This apart, two Russian banks- Sber Bank and VTB have the RBI’s approval. Both have branches in India.
• According to sources, three banks have opened accounts so far though no deal has been done through this mechanism. The move is aimed at popularising trade in the domestic currency.

Additional Information

• Kolkata-based UCO Bank was the first Indian bank to receive the RBI’s approval to open a special Vostro account with Russia’s Gazprombank, which was set up by the world’s largest gas producer and exporter, Gazprom.
• After the Russia-Ukraine war broke out in late February, resulting in the former facing sanctions from European countries and the United States, the need to develop an alternative currency for trade arose.

The correct answer is ‘Byju's’

Key Points

• Edtech major Byju's has been announced as one of the official sponsors for FIFA Qatar World Cup 2022.
• Through this partnership, Bengaluru-based Byju’s will leverage its rights to the FIFA World Cup 2022 marks, emblem, and assets, and run unique promotions to connect with passionate football fans around the world.
• It will also create engaging and creative content with educational messages as part of a multifaceted activation plan.
• The FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 will take place from 21 November to 18 December 2022.
• Byju’s has already empowered 3.4 million students from underserved communities with digital learning in India and aims to reach 10 million students in its home country by 2025.

The correct answer is 5.

Key Points 

• The Agriculture Census is conducted every 5 years, which is being undertaken now after a delay due to the corona pandemic.
• The ministry is implementing an agriculture census scheme from 1970-71. The tenth edition of the census was conducted with the reference year 2015-16.
• The agricultural census is the main source of information on a variety of parameters, such as the number and area of operational holdings, their size, class-wise distribution, land use, tenancy and cropping pattern, etc.

Additional Information

• Agriculture Minister Narendra Singh Tomar launched the eleventh agricultural census to collect data on various parameters, including operational holdings.
• The fieldwork of the Eleventh Agricultural Census (2021-22) was started in August 2022.
• The minister released the 'Handbook on Operational Guidelines for Census' for the use of states/UTs, and launched the 'Data Collection Portal/App'.
• In the two Agricultural Censuses, namely, 1950 and 1960, data required for the World Agricultural Census were collected through sample Surveys carried out by the erstwhile Directorate of National Sample Survey (Now called 'National Sample Survey Office) which gave estimates for the country as a whole and also for States.

The correct answer is Bureau of Indian Standards.

Key Points

• Bureau of Indian Standards, the National Standards Body of India has signed an MoU with Testing, Inspection, Certification Council.
• They will collaborate to promote implementation of standards and quality, safety and sustainability practices in laboratories.
• TIC Council is a global trade association representing independent third-party testing, inspection and certification industry.

The Correct answer is SLR (statutory liquidity ratio)

Key PointsExplanation:

• Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) is the portion of time (fixed deposits) and demand liabilities (savings bank and current accounts) of banks that they should keep in the form of designated liquid assets like government securities, gold and Vault Cash.
• SLR aims at ensuring that the need for government funds is partly but surely met by the banks.
• The maximum limit is 40% according to the Reserve Bank of India Act and Banking Regulation Act.

The correct answer is Tamil Nadu.

• Apple Inc. will manufacture Made-In-India iPhone 12 soon.
• Its latest model was launched in India on October 30, 2020.
• iPhone 12 will be manufactured at the Hon Hai Precision Industry (Foxconn) facility in Tamil Nadu, both for the domestic as well as export market.
• The unit also manufactures iPhone 11, which is the bestseller in India, as well as iPhone XR.

The correct answer is ‘₹6,000 crore’

Key Points

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the ₹6,000 crore 'Raising and Accelerating MSME Performance' (RAMP) scheme in the 'Udyami Bharat' programme at Vigyan Bhawan in New Delhi.
• The scheme aims to scale up the implementation capacity and coverage of MSMEs in the states, with impact enhancement of existing MSME schemes.
• It will complement the Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan by fostering innovation, encouraging ideation, enhancing market access, deploying technological tools and Industry 4.0 to make MSMEs competitive and self-reliant.
• The prime minister said that for orders up to ₹200 crores, no global tender will be undertaken.
• While addressing the programme, Prime Minister also said that more than ₹500 crores have been digitally transferred to 18,000 MSMEs.
• More than ₹500 crores have been digitally transferred to 18,000 MSMEs.
• During the event, the prime minister also launched 'Capacity Building of First-Time MSME Exporters' (CBFTE) scheme and new features of the 'Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme' (PMEGP).
• The 'Capacity Building of First-Time MSME Exporters' (CBFTE) scheme aims to encourage MSMEs to offer products and services of international standards for the global market.
• This will enhance the participation of Indian MSMEs in the global value chain and help them realize their export potential.

The correct answer is Australia.

Key Points

• The ECTA (Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement) was signed on April 2, 2022, and ratified on November 21, written notifications were exchanged on November 29, and after 30 days.
• The India-Australia ECTA provides an institutional mechanism to encourage and improve trade between the two countries.
• It covers almost all the tariff lines dealt with by India and Australia.
• India will benefit from preferential market access provided by Australia on 100% of its tariff lines, including all the labour-intensive sectors of export interest to India, such as Gems and Jewellery, Textiles, leather, footwear, furniture, food, and agricultural products, engineering products, medical devices, and Automobiles.
• On the other hand, India will offer preferential access to Australia on over 70% of its tariff lines, including lines of export interest to Australia, which are primarily raw materials and intermediaries such as coal, mineral ores, and wines.
• Both sides have also agreed to a separate Annex on Pharmaceutical products under this agreement, which will enable fast-track approval for patented, generic and biosimilar medicines.

Additional Information

• Australia is an important strategic partner of India.
• They are also part of the four-nation QUAD, Trilateral Supply Chain Initiative, and the Indo-Pacific Economic Forum (IPEF).
• India and Australia in December 2022,  held joint military drills as part of the ongoing joint military exercise 'Austra Hind 22' in Rajasthan's Mahajan field firing ranges.

The correct answer is ‘September 30, 2022’

Key Points

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) extended the card-on-file (CoF) tokenization deadline by three months to September 30, 2022.
• Tokenization is the process of replacing actual card details with a unique alternate code called 'Token' - thereby enabling more secure transactions.
• Card-on-file, or CoF refers to card information stored by payment gateway and merchants to process future transactions.
• The industry stakeholders have highlighted some issues related to the implementation of the framework in respect of guest checkout transactions.
• As per the RBI previous mandate to enhance the security of online transactions, card details saved on the merchant website/app were to be deleted by the merchants by June 30, 2022.
• To date, about 19.5 crore tokens have been created however for CoFT (i.e. creating tokens) is voluntary for the cardholders.
• The basic purpose of tokenization is to increase and improve customer safety and with tokenization, storage of card details is limited.

The correct answer is 'U.S.A'.

Key Points

• Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig won the 2022 Nobel Prize in Economics for research on banks and financial crises.
• The committee said that the three laureates have significantly improved our understanding of the role of banks in the economy, particularly during financial crises, and an important finding in their research is why avoiding bank collapses is vital.
• Modern banking research clarifies why we have banks, how to make them less vulnerable in crises and how bank collapses exacerbate financial crises. The foundations of this research were laid by Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond, and Philip Dybvig in the early 1980s.
• Their analyses have been of great practical importance in regulating financial markets and dealing with financial crises.
• The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, officially the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel is an economics award administered by the Nobel Foundation.
• Although not one of the five Nobel Prizes which were established by Alfred Nobel's will in 1895, it is commonly referred to as the Nobel Prize in Economics.
• The winners of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences are chosen in a similar way, are announced along with the Nobel Prize recipients, and the prize is presented at the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony.

Additional Information

• The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences award was established in 1968 by an endowment "in perpetuity" from Sweden's central bank, Sveriges Riksbank, to commemorate the bank's 300^th anniversary.
• It was first awarded in 1969 to Dutch economist Jan Tinbergen and Norwegian economist Ragnar Frisch "for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes".

The correct answer is ‘Only (iii)’

Key Points

• As per the Union Budget 2022, a National Asset Reconstruction Company Ltd (NARCL) and an Asset Management Company (IDRCL) have been set up by lenders (public sector and private sector banks and financial institutions).
• These companies will consolidate and take over the existing stressed debt in the banking/ financial system.
• The NARCL will acquire assets by making an offer to the lead bank.
• IDRCL is yet to become operational. As an asset management company, it will manage the asset and engage market professionals and turnaround experts for debt resolution.
• State Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Punjab National Bank, Union Bank of India, Canara Bank, and Bank of Maharashtra have subscribed the shares of India Debt Resolution Company Ltd (IDRCL).
• State Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Union Bank of India have subscribed to 99,000 shares of Rs 10 each of IDRCL.
• Public sector banks (PSBs) will hold a minimum of 51% stake in NARCL and the rest will be with private sector banks.

Additional Information

National Asset Reconstruction Company Limited:

• It has been incorporated under the Companies Act and has applied to the RBI for the license as an Asset Reconstruction Company (ARC).
• NARCL has been set up by banks to aggregate and consolidates stressed assets for their subsequent resolution.
• NARCL proposes to acquire stressed assets of about Rs. 2 Lakh crore in phases within extant regulations of RBI. In phase I, fully provisioned assets of about Rs. 90,000 crores are expected to be transferred to NARCL, while the remaining assets with lower provisions would be transferred in phase II.
• It intends to acquire these through 15% Cash and 85% in Security Receipts (SRs).
• Central Government guarantee of Rs.30,600 crore to back Security Receipts issued by National Asset Reconstruction Company Limited (NARCL) for acquiring stressed loan assets.
• Pradip Shah is the chairman of the National Asset Reconstruction Company (NARCL).

The correct answer is RBI.

Key Points

• Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has imposed a fine of Rs 1.67 crore on Ola Financial Services Private Limited for non-compliance with certain provisions related to Prepaid Payment Instruments (PPI) and Know Your Customer (KYC) norms.
• The penalty has been imposed in exercise of powers vested in RBI under Section 30 of the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.

Additional Information

• RBI:
• Governor - Shaktikanta Das.
• Headquarters - Mumbai.
• Founded: 1 April 1935, Kolkata.
• The Bank publishes two statutory reports, the Annual Report of the Bank and the Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India.
• It also publishes Financial Stability Report.

The correct answer is 49%.

Key Points

• Paytm Payments Bank (PPBL) management has received an RBI-mandated IT auditors report and the central bank’s observation on it, more than six months after it was asked to pause onboarding new customers.
• The payments bank is a joint venture between Paytm, which owns a 49% stake in the company, and Vijay Shekhar Sharma, who holds 51%.
• The bank management is in the process of responding to the RBI and will wait for further discussions/directions from the regulator.
• The fintech firm informed that it cannot share a timeline on when it would be permitted to resume onboarding new customers.
• Paytm has posted a consolidated loss of Rs 571.5 crore for the quarter that ended September FY23, widening from a loss of Rs 473.5 crore recorded in the same period last year.
• However, the loss narrowed from Rs 645.4 crore registered in Q1FY23.
• Paytm Payments Bank (PPBL)
• Paytm Payments Bank (PPBL) is an Indian payments bank headquartered in Noida that was founded in 2015. The Reserve Bank of India granted it a license to operate a payments bank the same year, and it began operations in November 2017. The RBI granted the bank scheduled bank status in 2021.
• Paytm Payments Bank is India’s first mobile-first bank, with no minimum balance and no digital transaction fees. Paytm Payment Bank provides a Paytm wallet and Paytm Savings bank account.
• Vijay Shekhar Sharma owns 51% of the company, while One97 Communications Limited owns the remaining 49%. Paytm Payments Bank is promoted by Vijay Shekhar Sharma.
• Payments Bank
• The creation of a “Payments Bank” to serve low-income individuals and small businesses were suggested by a committee led by Dr. Nachiket.
• A payments bank, such as Airtel Payments Bank, India Post Payments Bank, etc., functions similarly to a regular bank but on a smaller or more constrained scale.
• With the Payments Bank, there is no credit risk. The majority of banking tasks can be completed by it, but it cannot make loan advances or issue credit cards.
• Only demand deposits—savings and current accounts—can be accepted; time deposits are not permitted.
• Subsidiaries cannot be established by Payment Banks to provide non-banking financial services.
• RBI
• The Reserve Bank of India, which also serves as the country’s central bank and regulatory agency, governs the Indian banking system.
• It is owned by the Ministry of Finance, Government of India.
• It began operations on April 1, 1935, in compliance with the Reserve Bank of India Act, of 1934.
• Founded on April 1, 1935
• Shaktikanta Das is the Governor of RBI

The correct answer is ‘West Bengal’

Key Points

• According to a report released by a microfinance industry body, West Bengal has the highest average loan outstanding per borrower at Rs 53,708.
• It is followed by Kerala at Rs 46,074 among the top ten states of the country.
• The report prepared by the Microfinance Institutions Network (MFIN) said MFI loan disbursals in the last financial year improved significantly to around Rs 2.40 lakh crore as compared to nearly Rs 1.89 lakh crore in the previous fiscal.
• The number of loans disbursed also saw an increase during the financial year 2021-22, indicting a continued growth of the microfinance portfolio.
• Firstly, the proportion of the NBFC-MFI portfolio increased by 4.1 percent to 35.2 percent as on March 31, 2022, though banks continue to be the main contributors.
• Small finance banks (SFBs) have a total loan outstanding of Rs 48,314 crore with a total share of 16.9 percent, while NBFCs with 6.9 percent and other MFIs at one percent.

The correct answer is Reliance Industries.

Key Points

• Mukesh Ambani-led Reliance Industries has emerged as India's best employer and the world's 20^th best firm to work with, according to Forbes' World's Best Employers rankings in 2022.
• With 230,0000 employees, Reliance is the only Indian company in the top 100.
• The global ranking was topped by South Korea's Samsung Electronics, followed by US' Microsoft, IBM, Alphabet, and Apple.

Additional Information

• Reliance Industries Limited is an Indian multinational conglomerate company.
• It has diverse businesses including energy, petrochemicals, natural gas, retail, telecommunications, mass media, and textiles.
• Reliance Industries Limited:
• Founded: 1973
• Headquarters: Mumbai
• Founder: Dhirubhai Ambani

The correct answer is II and III only.

Key Points

• The Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy, abbreviated as MAKA Trophy, is a sports honor of the Republic of India. Hence statement I is wrong.
• It is a rolling trophy awarded to the 'overall top performing University in sports and promoting competitive sports in University' over the preceding year.
• Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar has won Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (MAKA) Trophy 2022. Hence statement II is right. 
• The trophy was first awarded in 1956–1957.
• The award for the university securing the first position comprises 'a rolling MAKA trophy and a cash prize of ₹15 lakh (US$19,000)'. The second and third-place universities receive cash prizes of ₹7.5 lakh (US$9,400) and ₹4.5 lakh (US$5,600) respectively.

Additional Information Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy

• Six universities have won the trophy various times. Guru Nanak Dev University in Amritsar has won the trophy 23 times, most recently in the year 2022.
• Panjab University in Chandigarh has won the trophy 15 times, most recently in the year 2020.
• While Delhi University based in Delhi has won the trophy 14 times, most recently in the year 2000–2001.
• Other winners include Bombay University in Mumbai which won the inaugural trophy, Punjabi University in Patiala, and Kurukshetra University in Kurukshetra$.

The correct answer is option 1, i.e. State Bank of India.

• State Bank of India sponsors the most Regional Rural Banks in India.
• There are 43 RRBs in India. The primary function of these banks is to provide banking and loan facilities to MSMEs and encourage financial inclusion.
• RRBs were established as per the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976 on the recommendations of the M. Narasimham Working Group with a view to providing sufficient banking and credit facilities to agriculture and other rural sectors.
• Each RRB is sponsored by the Government of India along with the State Government and Sponsor bank.
• “Prathama Grameen Bank” was the first Regional Rural Bank. It was sponsored by Syndicate Bank (now Canara Bank).
• State Bank of India sponsors 14 RRBs.

The correct answer is Exchange traded fund.

An Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) is a security that tracks an index like an index fund, but trades like a stock on an exchange.

• Constituent stocks are listed and actively traded, and may have representation from various sectors to provide ETF unit holders adequate diversification.
• Disinvestment through the ETF route allows the simultaneous sale of GoI stake in various CPSEs across diverse sectors through a single offering and avoids the necessity to go to the market repeatedly for divesting different stocks.
• The CPSE-ETF provides a mechanism for the GoI to monetize its shareholding in those CPSEs that eventually form part of the CPSE ETF basket, in a stock-neutral, time-efficient and non-disruptive manner.
• The CPSE-ETF approved in May, 2013 comprises stocks of listed CPSEs with disinvestment upto 3% of GoI shareholding from an individual CPSE constituent of ETF.
• The CPSE-ETF  approved basket comprises 10 scrips, namely, BEL, CIL, EIL, CONCOR, GAIL, IOL, OIL, ONGC, PFC & REC. The Government realized an amount of Rs. 3000 crore as disinvestment proceeds through New Fund Offer (NFO) of CPSE-ETF scheme launched in March, 2014.

The correct answer is Varuna.

Key Points

• PM Narendra Modi on 20 July 2022 unveiled 'Varuna', India’s first passenger drone in New Delhi.
• Varuna has been developed by a startup 'Sagar Defence Engineering' specifically for the Indian Navy.
• It can carry a 130 kg human payload & has a range of 25 km.
• It has 25-33 minutes of flight time

Additional Information

• Sagar Defence Engineering founded: 2015
• Headquarters: Mumbai
• CEO: Nikunj Parashar
• Important Current Affairs Related to PM Narendra Modi:​ 
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Akshaya Patra Foundation’s new mid-day kitchen in Varanasi on 7 July 2022.
• PM Narendra Modi on 7 July 2022 inaugurated 'Akhil Bhartiya Shiksha Samagam' on implementation of the National Education Policy (NEP) in Varanasi.
• The Ministry of Education is organising Shiksha Samagam from 7^th to 9^th July '22.
• PM Modi laid the foundation stone and inaugurated several projects worth 33000 crore rupees in Bengaluru on 20 June 2022.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated ‘Kranti Gatha’ on 14 June 2022.
• PM Modi on 10 June 2022 inaugurated the headquarters of the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) at Bopal in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
• IN-SPACe was established in June 2020.
• PM Modi on 28 May 2022 inaugurated the world's first Nano Urea Liquid plant by IFFCO at Kalol, Gujarat.
• IFFCO nano urea liquid was developed through proprietary technology at Nano Biotechnology Research Centre in Kalol.
• PM Modi is going to release benefits under the PM CARES for Children Scheme on 30 May 2022.

The correct answer is Laver Cup.

Key Points

• Roger Federer will play the final match of his illustrious career in doubles alongside Rafael Nadal, his old rival, in the Laver Cup tournament in London on 23 Sept 2022.
• The pair will represent Team Europe against the American pair of Jack Sock and Frances Tiafoe.
• Federer, a 20-time Grand Slam winner, had announced last week that he would retire from tennis after Laver Cup 2022.

Additional Information​ 

• The Australian tennis and US tournaments are played on hard courts, the French Open on clay courts, and the Wimbledon on grass courts.
• The Laver Cup in Sept 2022 is going to be Roger Federer's final ATP tournament.
• Federer is the most successful player at Wimbledon, having won eight titles (2003-07, 2009, 2012, 2017).
• He last clinched a Grand Slam title in 2018 (Australian Open).

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• To answer this question, refer to the second paragraph of the passage, where critics of tipping culture are discussed:
• "On the flip side, critics of tipping culture argue that it perpetuates income inequality and places an undue burden on customers. The reliance on tips often results in lower base wages for service workers, leaving them vulnerable to fluctuations in customer generosity. In addition, tipping can be subjective and influenced by factors such as appearance, race, or gender, potentially leading to discriminatory practices."
• From this part of the passage, it's clear that a potential consequence of relying on tips for service workers, according to critics, is discriminatory practices based on appearance, race, or gender. The passage highlights that tipping can be subjective and influenced by these factors, which can lead to discriminatory practices.
• Therefore, the correct answer is "Discriminatory practices based on appearance, race, or gender."

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• To answer this question, let's break down the sentences given in the question:
• Sentence A - "The debate over tipping intersects with discussions about labour rights and the minimum wage, challenging the reliance on tips."
• This sentence can be inferred from the passage. The passage mentions that the debate over tipping culture intersects with broader discussion about labour rights and the minimum wage, challenging the traditional reliance on tips.
• Sentence B - "Advocates for fair wages believe that tipping is an effective and sufficient means of compensating service workers." 
• This sentence cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage indicates that advocates for fair wages argue that tipping should not substitute decent, livable wages, suggesting that they do not view tipping
• Sentence C - "The transition away from tipping has been universally embraced, with no resistance from customers or challenges for businesses." 
• This sentence cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage mentions challenges in the transition away from tipping, including potential resistance from customers who may be uncertain about the absence of a traditional tipping system.
• So, out of the three sentences given in the question, only sentence A can be inferred from the passage, while sentences B and C cannot be inferred from the passage.
• Therefore, the correct answer is "Only A."

The correct answer is All A, B and C.

Key Points

• To answer this question, let's break down the sentences given in the question:
• Sentence A - "Most countries embrace tipping as a cultural norm, fostering positive interactions between customers and service providers."
• This sentence cannot be inferred from the passage. While the passage discusses tipping as a widespread practice in various societies, it does not make a blanket statement about most countries embracing tipping as a cultural norm.
• Sentence B - "Calls for legislative changes to establish a higher minimum wage for service workers have been unsuccessful in gaining traction."
• This sentence cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage mentions calls for legislative changes to establish a higher minimum wage for service workers, but it does not provide information on the success or failure of these efforts.
• Sentence C - "The reliance on tips ensures that service workers consistently receive a higher income than those with fixed wages."
• This sentence cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage discusses arguments both in favour and against tipping but does not make a specific claim about the reliance on tips ensuring consistently higher income for service workers compared to those with fixed wages.
• So, out of the three sentences given in the question, all three sentences A, B, and C cannot be inferred from the passage.
• Therefore, the correct option is "Option 4."

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

• To answer this question, refer to the third paragraph of the passage, which discusses the growing movement to reform or eliminate tipping altogether:
• "In recent years, there has been a growing movement to reform or eliminate tipping altogether. Some restaurants have adopted a no-tipping model, opting for higher menu prices and fairer wages for their staff."
• From this part of the passage, it's evident that some restaurants have adopted a no-tipping model with higher menu prices as an alternative to the traditional tipping model. This approach aims to create a more equitable and stable income for service workers, reducing their dependence on the generosity of customers.
• Therefore, the correct answer is "Adopting a no-tipping model with higher menu prices."

The correct answer is 'AEDCB'.

Key Points

• Part A will be the first sentence of the sequence because it introduces the topic of Dr. N. Radhakrishnan, former director of the Gandhi Smriti and Darshan Samiti.
• Part E will come after A as it gives information about what Dr. N. Radhakrishnan believes about the Gandhian vision of holistic development and respect for all forms of life.
• Part D will come after E as it gives further information about what Dr. N. Radhakrishnan believes about nonviolent conflict resolution embedded in the acceptance of nonviolence.
• Part C will come after D as it explains that Dr. N. Radhakrishnan believes both as a creed and strategy.
• Part 'B' is the concluding or last part as it concludes that Dr. N. Radhakrishnan believes that the Gandhian vision is an extension of the ancient Indian concept of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Correct Sentence: Dr. N. Radhakrishnan, former director of the Gandhi Smriti and Darshan Samiti, believes that the Gandhian vision of holistic development and respect for all forms of life; nonviolent conflict resolution embedded in the acceptance of nonviolence both as a creed and strategy; were an extension of the ancient Indian concept of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam.

Important Points

• Important Rules to Solve the Sentence Jumbles:
• Read the sentences attentively and try to comprehend the idea or theme of the sentences.
• Try to identify the opening and closing sentences.
• Try to identify the mandatory pairs. Two sentences can be connected through various connectors and other determinants.

The correct answer is 'EACDB'.

Key Points

• Part E will be the first sentence of the sequence because it introduces the topic of Alberto Barbera, Venice's artistic director.
• Part A will come after E as it gives information that Alberto Barbera acknowledged the impact of the 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike.
• Part C will come after A as it further gives information Alberto Barbera acknowledged that the 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike was likely to impact the festival if it was not resolved in time.
• Part D will come after C as it explains how the strike impacts i.e. prevent all actors from taking part.
• Part 'B' is the concluding or last part as it concludes that the strike prevents all actors from taking part in any kind of promotional activities for their films.

Hence, the correct answer is option 5.

Correct Sentence: Alberto Barbera, Venice's artistic director, acknowledged that the 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike was likely to impact the festival if it was not resolved in time, due to the strike rules that prevent all actors from taking part in any kind of promotional activities for their films.

Important Points

• Important Rules to Solve the Sentence Jumbles:
• Read the sentences attentively and try to comprehend the idea or theme of the sentences.
• Try to identify the opening and closing sentences.
• Try to identify the mandatory pairs. Two sentences can be connected through various connectors and other determinants.

The correct answer is 'BEDAC'.

Key Points

• Part B will be the first sentence of the sequence because it introduces the topic of Spain winning the 2023 Women's World Cup on 20 August 2023.
• Part E will come after B as it gives information that the win included winning a knock-out match.
• Part D will come after E as it further gives information about Spain winning a knock-out match in a World Cup for the first-ever time and defeating England also.
• Part A will come after D as it gives further information that England had sent Spain out of the Euro 2022 earlier.
• Part 'C' is the concluding or last part as it concludes that England had sent Spain out of the Euro 2022 in the final hosted in Sydney, Australia.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Correct Sentence: On 20 August 2023, Spain won the 2023 Women's World Cup in a run that included winning a knock-out match for the first ever time and defeating England, the team that had sent them out of the Euro 2022, in the final hosted in Sydney, Australia.

Important Points

• Important Rules to Solve the Sentence Jumbles:
• Read the sentences attentively and try to comprehend the idea or theme of the sentences.
• Try to identify the opening and closing sentences.
• Try to identify the mandatory pairs. Two sentences can be connected through various connectors and other determinants.

The correct answer is 'BCDEA'.

Key Points

• Part B will be the first sentence of the sequence because it introduces the topic of the burglary that was planned by Anthony Gavin who is a career criminal.
• Part C will come after B as it gives information about Anthony Gavin that, he was inspired by "The Red-Headed League" a short story.
• Part D will come after C as it further gives information about "The Red-Headed League" that it is written by Arthur Conan Doyle.
• Part E will come after D as it explains the story of "The Red-Headed League" in which Sherlock Holmes waits in a bank vault to arrest a gang.
• Part 'A' is the concluding or last part as it concludes that Sherlock Holmes waits in a bank vault to arrest a gang that has tunneled in through the floor.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Correct Sentence: The burglary was planned by Anthony Gavin, a career criminal, who was inspired by "The Red-Headed League", a short story by Arthur Conan Doyle in which Sherlock Holmes waits in a bank vault to arrest a gang who have tunneled in through the floor.

Important Points

• Important Rules to Solve the Sentence Jumbles:
• Read the sentences attentively and try to comprehend the idea or theme of the sentences.
• Try to identify the opening and closing sentences.
• Try to identify the mandatory pairs. Two sentences can be connected through various connectors and other determinants.

The correct answer is 'BCDEA'.

Key Points

• Part B will be the first sentence of the sequence because it introduces the topic of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine that resulted in sanctions.
• Part C will come after B as it gives information about who imposed sanctions on whom i.e. the USA, the EU, and other nations imposed sanctions on Russia.
• Part D will come after C as it gives information about the things on which the sanction is imposed i.e. to forbid or reduce the import of Gas, Oil, and associated products from Russia.
• Part E will come after D as it further gives information that the sanction includes the introduction of a novel price cap on crude shipped oil.
• Part 'A' is the concluding or last part as it concludes that the sanction is in a way designed to allow Russia to maintain production but limit the revenue from oil sales.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct Sentence: The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine resulted in sanctions imposed by the USA, the EU, and other nations, to forbid or reduce the importation of Gas, Oil, and associated products from Russia, including the introduction of a novel price cap on crude shipped oil, designed to allow Russia to maintain production but limiting the revenue from oil sales.

Important Points

• Important Rules to Solve the Sentence Jumbles:
• Read the sentences attentively and try to comprehend the idea or theme of the sentences.
• Try to identify the opening and closing sentences.
• Try to identify the mandatory pairs. Two sentences can be connected through various connectors and other determinants.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

To answer this question, let's first understand the given sentence:

The University Grants Commission's directive to display government logos ________ academic freedom, reflecting a pattern of political interference in universities' autonomy.

• The sentence discusses how the University Grants Commission's order to showcase government logos threatens academic freedom, indicating a trend of political intervention in university autonomy.
• The word that should fill in the blank is likely to be negative, indicating a threat or violation of academic freedom.
• The highlighted word is "interference."
• Interference - the action of interfering or the process of being interfered with, typically to prevent normal operation (हस्तक्षेप)
• For Example -
• The interference of external factors in the political process led to a disruption in the election proceedings.
• The word that can replace the word "interference" in the given sentence can be a word that signifies involvement or intervention in a negative or unwanted manner, such as "intrusion" or "meddling."
• Now, let's understand the meanings of the given words as options:
• Supports (verb; 3^rd person present) - provides assistance, encouragement, or backing to someone or something (समर्थन करना)
• For Example -
• The community supports local businesses by regularly shopping at neighbourhood stores.
• Autonomy (noun) - the ability or right of an individual, organization, or region to make independent decisions and act on them (स्वायत्तता)
• For Example -
• Giving employees more autonomy in their work allows for greater creativity and job satisfaction.
• Ameliorates (verb; 3^rd person present) - improves or makes a situation better (सुधारना)
• For Example -
• The new policy ameliorates the impact of income inequality on marginalized communities.
• Shunning (gerund or present participle) - deliberately avoiding or ignoring someone or something (टालना या अनदेखा करना)
• For Example -
• After the controversy, the celebrity experienced shunning from certain circles in the industry.
• Enhances (verb; 3^rd person present) - increases the quality, value, or attractiveness of something (बढ़ावा देना)
• For Example -
• The new software update enhances the user experience with improved features and functionality.
• Intervention (noun) - involvement in a situation to alter or modify the course of events (हस्तक्षेप)
• For Example -
• International intervention is sometimes necessary to address humanitarian crises in conflict zones.
• Undermines (verb; 3^rd person present) - weakens or erodes the foundation or effectiveness of something (कमजोर करना)
• For Example -
• His constant criticism undermines her confidence, creating a hostile work environment.
• Meddling (noun) - interfering or getting involved in other people's or organizations' affairs without being invited or needed (हस्तक्षेप करना)
• For Example -
• The politician accused the rival party of meddling in the election process.
• Meliorates (verb; 3^rd person present) - improves or makes a situation better (सुधारना)
• For Example -
• Her thoughtful advice meliorates the situation, bringing comfort and fostering positive change in relationships.
• Neglecting (gerund or present participle) - failing to care for or pay attention to something or someone (उपेक्षा करना)
• For Example -
• Neglecting regular maintenance can lead to the deterioration of machinery and equipment.
• So, after understanding the given sentence and the meanings of the given words, we can conclude that the correct pair of words to fill in the blank and replace the highlighted word "interference" is "undermines, meddling." This choice accurately captures the negative impact on academic freedom by suggesting that the directive weakens or erodes it and highlights the undesirable involvement or interference through "meddling."
• The complete sentence would be: "The University Grants Commission's directive to display government logos undermines academic freedom, reflecting a pattern of political meddling in universities' autonomy.
• Therefore, the correct answer is "undermines, meddling."

The correct answer is option 5.

Key Points

To answer this question, let's first understand the given sentence:

The entry of foreign universities may introduce new programs, ________ knowledge and job opportunities for Indian students, along with the possibility of pursuing dual degree programs.

• This sentence discusses the potential benefits of foreign universities entering India, such as offering new programs, expanding knowledge, creating job opportunities, and enabling dual degree programs for Indian students.
• The word that should fill in the blank is likely to be positive, suggesting the potential for enrichment and expansion of educational and career prospects.
• The highlighted word is "pursuing."
• Pursuing - actively engaging in or following a particular course of action, typically with a goal in mind. 
• For Example -
• The company is pursuing new market opportunities to expand its global presence.
• The word that can replace the word "pursuing" in the given sentence can be a word that signifies actively engaging in or taking up, such as "undertaking."
• Now, let's understand the meanings of the given words as options:
• Improving (verb; 3^rd person present) - making something better or enhancing its quality, value, or condition (सुधारना)
• For Example -
• Implementing new strategies can contribute to improving overall business performance.
• Overlooking (verb; 3^rd person present) - giving little or no attention to something, often intentionally neglecting (अनदेखा करना)
• For Example -
• The manager is overlooking the minor errors in the report to focus on the main issues.
• Diminishing (verb; 3^rd person present) - reducing in size, importance, or intensity; decreasing (कम होना)
• For Example -
• The constant delays in project timelines are diminishing team morale.
• Refraining (verb; present participle) - abstaining or holding back from doing something, often voluntarily (मना करना)
• For Example -
• During the meeting, participants are refraining from using their phones to maintain focus.
• Vitiating (verb; present participle) - spoiling or impairing the quality or effectiveness of something (क्षीण करना)
• For Example -
• The use of substandard materials is vitiating the construction project's integrity.
• Renouncing (verb; present participle) - formally giving up or rejecting a claim, right, or association (त्यागना)
• For Example -
• She was renouncing her claim to the throne, opting for a life of simplicity.
• Avoiding (verb; present participle) - keeping away from or preventing involvement in something (टालना)
• For Example -
• He is avoiding conflicts by addressing issues diplomatically.
• Enhancing (verb; 3^rd person present) - improving or increasing the quality, value, or attractiveness of something (बढ़ावा देना)
• For Example -
• Regular practice is essential for enhancing skills in any field.
• Undertaking (noun) - a task or project that one agrees to take on or commit to (कार्य)
• For Example -
• The company is undertaking a major expansion project in the coming months.
• So, after understanding the given sentence and the meanings of the given words, we can conclude that the pair of words that best fills in the blank and replaces "pursuing" is "enhancing, undertaking." This choice maintains the positive tone of the sentence and conveys the idea that the entry of foreign universities may bring about improvements, enrichment, and new opportunities for Indian students, including the possibility of undertaking dual degree programs.
• The complete sentence would be: "The entry of foreign universities may introduce new programs, enhancing knowledge and job opportunities for Indian students, along with the possibility of undertaking dual degree programs.
• Therefore, the correct answer is "enhancing, undertaking."

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

To answer this question, let's first understand the given sentence:

The magic of pen and paper in journaling ________ creativity, fosters meaningful reflection, and serves as a therapeutic outlet for stress, promoting personal transformation and self-discovery.

• This sentence highlights how journaling with pen and paper enhances creativity, encourages reflection, and offers a therapeutic way to manage stress, promoting personal growth and self-discovery.
• The word that should fill in the blank is likely to be positive, emphasizing the positive effects of journaling.
• The highlighted word is "transformation."
• Transformation - a complete or significant change in form, appearance, nature, or character (परिवर्तन)
• For Example -
• The digital transformation of the company improved efficiency and streamlined processes.
• The word that can replace the word "transformation" in the given sentence can be a word that signifies positive development or progress, such as "growth."
• Now, let's understand the meanings of the given words as options:
• Unleashes (verb; 3^rd person present) - releases or sets free, often with great force or intensity (छोड़ना)
• For Example -
• The new policy unleashes a wave of innovation by removing bureaucratic obstacles.
• Growth (noun) - the process of increasing in size, quantity, or development; positive change or expansion (विकास)
• For Example -
• Investing in education is crucial for the growth of a nation's economy and intellectual capital.
• Suppresses (verb; 3^rd person present) - forcibly puts an end to or restrains something (दबाव डालना)
• For Example -
• The authoritarian regime suppresses dissent and restricts freedom of speech.
• Stagnation (noun) - a state of little or no change, lack of progress, or activity (स्थिति)
• For Example -
• Lack of innovation can lead to economic stagnation and reduced competitiveness.
• Expresses (verb; 3^rd person present) - conveys thoughts, feelings, or ideas through words, actions, or other means (व्यक्त करना)
• For Example -
• The artist skillfully expresses emotions through vibrant colours and dynamic brushstrokes in the painting.
• Progression (noun) - the act or process of moving forward or advancing; development or improvement over time (प्रगति)
• For Example -
• Continuous learning and adaptation are essential for personal and professional progression.
• Impedes (verb; 3^rd person present) - hinders or obstructs the progress or movement of something (रोकना)
• For Example -
• Bureaucratic red tape often impedes the swift implementation of necessary reforms.
• Apathy (noun) - lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern; indifference (उदासीनता)
• For Example -
• The public's apathy towards civic issues can hinder community development.
• Diminishes (verb; 3^rd person present) - makes something smaller, weaker, or less significant (कम करना)
• For Example -
• A lack of resources diminishes the effectiveness of social welfare programs.
• Conformity (noun) - compliance with established customs, rules, or norms; acting in accordance with prevailing social standards (अनुरूपता)
• For Example -
• The pressure for conformity can stifle individual creativity and diverse perspectives.
• So, after understanding the given sentence and the meanings of the given words, we can conclude that the best pair of words to fill in the blank and replace "transformation" in the sentence is "unleashes, growth." This choice aligns with the positive connotation of the sentence, emphasizing that journaling with pen and paper unleashes creativity and fosters personal growth and self-discovery.
• The complete sentence would be: "The magic of pen and paper in journaling unleashes creativity, fosters meaningful reflection, and serves as a therapeutic outlet for stress, promoting personal growth and self-discovery."
• Therefore, the correct answer is "unleashes, growth."

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

To answer this question, let's first understand the given sentence:

The ________ fintech landscape demands ongoing professional development, emphasizing the importance of staying current with industry trends and emerging technologies.

• This sentence highlights the importance of continuous learning in the ever-changing fintech industry, emphasizing the need to stay informed about emerging technologies for professional growth.
• The blank should be filled with a positive word, indicating the dynamic and evolving nature of the fintech industry.
• The highlighted word is "current."
• Current - happening or existing at the present time.
• For Example -
• The current economic situation has led to increased uncertainty in the business world.
• The word that can replace the word "current" in the given sentence can be a word that signifies staying updated or informed.
• Now, let's understand the meanings of the given words as options:
• Static (adjective) - not changing or moving; lacking in progress or development (स्थायी)
• For Example -
• The old factory still uses static machinery that has been in operation for decades.
• Obsolete (adjective) - no longer in use or valid; outdated and replaced by newer alternatives (पुराना या अप्रचलित)
• For Example -
• As technology advances, many electronic devices become obsolete within a few years.
• Dynamic (adjective) - characterized by constant change, activity, or progress (गतिशील)
• For Example -
• The business world is highly dynamic, with market trends and consumer preferences evolving rapidly.
• Abreast (adjective or adverb) - side by side and facing the same way; staying informed about the latest developments (समझदारी से, समर्थ, या अद्यतित)
• For Example -
• Professionals need to stay abreast of industry trends to remain competitive.
• Ambiguous (adjective) - having more than one possible interpretation or meaning; unclear or open to multiple interpretations (संदिग्ध या अस्पष्ट)
• For Example -
• The instructions were ambiguous, leading to confusion among the team members.
• Informed (adjective) - having knowledge or awareness about a particular subject or situation (सूचित)
• For Example -
• An informed decision requires thorough research and consideration of all relevant information.
• Vivacious (adjective) - lively, animated, or full of energy and enthusiasm (जीवंत या ऊर्जावान)
• For Example -
• Her vivacious personality made the party more enjoyable for everyone.
• Ignorant (adjective) - lacking knowledge, awareness, or education about a specific subject or general matters (अज्ञानी)
• For Example -
• It is essential to educate people to eliminate ignorant beliefs and stereotypes.
• Consistent (adjective) - unchanging in achievement or effect over a period of time; reliable and steady (सतत या स्थिर)
• For Example -
• Successful athletes maintain a consistent training routine to enhance their performance.
• Unaware (adjective) - lacking knowledge or awareness; not conscious of something (अनजान)
• For Example -
• She remained unaware of the surprise party planned by her friends.
• So, after understanding the given sentence and the meanings of the given words, we can conclude that option 2, "dynamic, abreast," is the most appropriate choice. This option effectively conveys the idea that the fintech landscape is dynamic and requires professionals to stay informed (abreast) of industry trends. It aligns with the context of continuous professional development in a rapidly changing field.
• The complete sentence would be: "The dynamic fintech landscape demands ongoing professional development, emphasizing the importance of staying abreast with industry trends and emerging technologies.
• Therefore, the correct answer is "dynamic, abreast."

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

To answer this question, let's first understand the given sentence:

Green hydrogen, produced using renewable energy, is viewed as a viable ________ to fossil fuels, addressing issues of weather-dependent renewable energy sources.

• This sentence highlights that green hydrogen, created with renewable energy, is seen as a practical substitute for fossil fuels. It tackles challenges linked to the reliance on weather-dependent renewable energy sources.
• The word that should fill in the blank is likely to be "alternative," indicating a substitute or replacement for fossil fuels.
• The highlighted word is "addressing."
• Addressing - dealing with or giving attention to a particular topic or issue.
• For Example -
• The CEO spent a significant portion of the meeting addressing concerns raised by the employees.
• The word that can replace the word "addressing" in the given sentence can be a word that signifies providing a solution.
• Now, let's understand the meanings of the given words as options:
• Conventional (adjective) - following established customs or widely accepted practices; traditional (पारंपरिक)
• For Example -
• Despite the rise of digital media, many people still prefer conventional newspapers for their daily news.
• Exacerbating (verb; present participle) - making a situation, problem, or condition worse (बढ़ावा देना)
• For Example -
• The lack of communication was exacerbating tensions within the already strained team.
• Option (noun) - a choice or alternative available for consideration or selection (विकल्प)
• For Example -
• Students have the option to choose elective courses based on their interests.
• Hindering (verb; present participle) - causing delay, obstruction, or difficulty; preventing progress or success (रोकना या बाधित करना)
• For Example -
• Lack of funding is hindering the development of essential infrastructure in the region.
• Alternative (noun) - a choice or possibility that is different from what is usual or expected; an option (विकल्प)
• For Example -
• Solar energy is considered an alternative to traditional sources of power.
• Alleviating (verb; present participle) - making a situation or symptom less severe or more bearable (कम करना या हल्का करना)
• For Example -
• The medication is effective in alleviating pain and discomfort.
• Irrelevant (adjective) - not connected or related to the matter at hand; not applicable (अनुपयुक्त)
• For Example -
• Bringing up unrelated issues during a meeting is considered irrelevant and distracting.
• Intensifying (verb; present participle) - making something more extreme or stronger (तीव्र करना)
• For Example -
• The intensifying storm prompted authorities to issue evacuation warnings.
• Obsolete (adjective) - no longer in use or no longer useful; outdated (पुराना या अप्रचलित)
• For Example -
• With technological advancements, many manual processes have become obsolete.
• Complicating (verb; present participle) - making a situation more complex or difficult to understand (जटिल बनाना)
• For Example -
• The introduction of new regulations is complicating the process of obtaining permits for businesses.
• So, after understanding the given sentence and the meanings of the given words, we can conclude that the most appropriate pair of words to fill in the blank and replace the highlighted word "addressing" is "alternative, alleviating." This choice makes the sentence grammatically correct and contextually meaningful, conveying that green hydrogen is considered a practical alternative to fossil fuels, alleviating issues related to weather-dependent renewable energy sources.
• The complete sentence would be: "Green hydrogen, produced using renewable energy, is viewed as a viable alternative to fossil fuels, alleviating issues of weather-dependent renewable energy sources."
• Therefore, the correct answer is "alternative, alleviating."

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

To answer this question, let's first understand the given sentence:

Space education, with an environmental and global ________, underscores Earth's fragility and the crucial role of satellites in climate change monitoring and disaster management.

• This sentence suggests that despite challenges, space education highlights Earth's fragility and the vital role of satellites in climate change monitoring and disaster management on a global scale.
• The word that should fill in the blank is likely to be broad, indicating a comprehensive and interconnected view of the world.
• The highlighted word is "fragility."
• Fragility - the quality of being delicate, vulnerable, or easily breakable; lacking robustness or stability (भंगुरता)
• For Example -
• The fragility of the antique glassware made handling it with extra care essential.
• The word that can replace the word "fragility" in the given sentence can be a word that signifies susceptibility to harm or damage.
• Now, let's understand the meanings of the given words as options:
• Viewpoint (noun) - a particular way of considering or seeing something, often influenced by one's beliefs or experiences (दृष्टिकोण)
• For Example -
• The artist's paintings reflect a unique viewpoint on the beauty of nature.
• Sheltered (adjective) - protected or shielded from harm, danger, or unpleasantness (सुरक्षित)
• For Example -
• The harbour provides a sheltered environment for boats during storms.
• Isolation (noun) - the state of being alone, separated, or cut off from others; the condition of being isolated (अलगाव)
• For Example -
• Long periods of isolation can have psychological effects on individuals.
• Irrelevance (noun) - the quality or state of being unimportant or unrelated to the matter at hand (अप्रासंगिकता)
• For Example -
• His comments were dismissed as irrelevance in the context of the discussion.
• Precision (noun) - the quality of being exact, accurate, or meticulous in details (सुनिश्चितता)
• For Example -
• Scientific experiments require precision in measurement to obtain reliable results.
• Sensitive (adjective) - easily affected or influenced emotionally; responsive to stimuli (संवेदनशील)
• For Example -
• She is a sensitive person who empathizes with others' feelings.
• Perspective (noun) - a particular attitude or way of regarding something; a point of view (दृष्टिकोण)
• For Example -
• The historical event looked different when viewed from the perspective of various cultures.
• Vulnerability (noun) - the state of being exposed to the possibility of harm, injury, or attack (भेदज्ञता)
• For Example -
• Children with disabilities may have a higher vulnerability to bullying.
• Innovation (noun) - the introduction of new ideas, methods, or technologies; the act of innovating (नवीनता)
• For Example -
• Technological innovation has transformed the way we communicate and work.
• Advancement (noun) - the process of moving forward or making progress, especially in knowledge, skills, or technology (आगे बढ़ना)
• For Example -
• Continuous learning is essential for personal and professional advancement.
• So, after understanding the given sentence and the meanings of the given words, we can conclude that the best pair of words to fill in the blank and replace the highlighted word "fragility" is "perspective, vulnerability" (Option 4). This choice provides a coherent and meaningful sentence, emphasizing the interconnected global perspective of space education and highlighting Earth's vulnerability in the context of climate change and disaster management.
• The complete sentence would be: "Space education, with an environmental and global perspective, underscores Earth's vulnerability and the crucial role of satellites in climate change monitoring and disaster management."
• Therefore, the correct answer is "perspective, vulnerability."

The correct answer is 'ABEDCF.'

Key Points

• In sentence a, we are talking about the Military and how its leadership must seriously move ahead to combat the stress levels.
• However, stress levels of compromises(C) is completely incorrect as it makes no sense. Thus, (C) must be interchanged.
• Correct sentence a: The military(A) leadership should move with greater seriousness(B) to find ways of mitigating the stress levels of soldiers(E)
• In sentence b, we are talking about the format of the agreement where a great deal of give and take has taken place.
• But within the agreement, soldiers(E) cannot be given, taken, or included in its format. Thus, (E) must be interchanged.
• Correct sentence b: There has been a great deal(D) of give and take and compromises(C) in the format of the agreement(F).

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'DECABF.'

Key Points

• In sentence a, we are talking about Startups that were supported or endorsed and how they brought a rapid growth or spread of small privately-owned restaurants and shops on the city streets.
• In sentence b, we are talking about court going which can be a costly, time-consuming, and extremely unpleasant affair or circumstance that is best avoided.
• Thus, (A) and (D) must be interchanged and (B) and (E) must be interchanged.
• Correct sentence a: Startups were encouraged(A), which brought a rapid proliferation(B) of small privately-owned restaurants and shops on the city streets(C).
• Correct sentence b: Going to court can be an expensive(D), time-consuming, and gut-wrenching experience(E) that is best avoided(F).

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is 'EDCBAF.'

Key Points

• In sentence a, we are talking about the decline or devaluation of the rupee which is a result of a general increase of the dollar across all currencies.
• In sentence b, we are talking about the Election Commission that has declared or stated a second installation of 1,100 more VVPATs to the State for the ensuing elections in the first week of December.
• Thus, (A) and (E) must be interchanged and (B) and (D) must be interchanged.
• Correct sentence a: There is a view that the depreciation(A) of the rupee has been the result of a general appreciation(B) of the dollar across(C) all currencies.
• Correct sentence b: The Election Commission has announced(D) a second installment(E) of 1,100 more VVPATs to the State for the ensuing(F) elections in the first week of December.

Hence, the correct answer is option 5.

The correct answer is 'AFDCEB.'

Key Points

• In sentence a, we are talking about Chelsea's Eden Hazard who has disclosed or shown his respect or admiration for Manchester United boss Jose Mourinho.
• In sentence b, we are talking about Mahindra maintaining or keeping a 60% stake in the new company named Mahindra Summit Agriscience Limited, the remainder or rest will be with Sumitomo Corporation.
• Thus, (C) and (D) must be interchanged and (B) and (F) must be interchanged.
• Correct sentence a: Chelsea's Eden Hazard has revealed(A) his appreciation(B) for Manchester United manager(C) Jose Mourinho.
• Correct sentence b: While Mahindra will hold(D) a 60% stake in the new company(E) named Mahindra Summit Agriscience Limited, the balance(F) will be with Sumitomo Corporation.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'EDFBAC.'

Key Points

• Sentence a is saying that if you had a short-term aim or objective then you need a fixed-income product, not a market-linked product; to provide return predictability.
• Sentence b is talking about someone who carried on with creating a fuss or outburst even as the other person moved away and got into my auto which had thankfully arrived by then.
• Thus, (A) and (E) must be interchanged, (B) and (D) must be interchanged and (C) and (F) must be interchanged.
• Correct sentence a: If you had a short-term goal(A), then you need a fixed-income product(B), not a market-linked product; to provide return predictability(C).
• Correct sentence b: He continued(D) to create a scene(E) even as I moved away and got into my auto which had thankfully(F) arrived by then.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is option 5.

Key Points

• To answer this question, let's first understand the meaning of the word "vulnerable" given in the passage:
• Vulnerable - susceptible to physical or emotional harm; easily wounded or hurt (कमजोर)
• For Example -
• Children are vulnerable to the influence of peer pressure, making it crucial for parents to guide them in making wise decisions.
• In the given passage, the word "vulnerable" is used in the context of children being exposed to unforeseen challenges and lacking essential life skills, which leaves them emotionally unsatiated and socially vulnerable to potential harm.
• Therefore, the most appropriate option that aligns with the meaning of "vulnerable" in this context is: "Susceptible to physical or emotional harm."

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• To answer this question, refer to the first paragraph of the passage, where the author discusses the challenges of parenting in the current generation:
• "Struggling to strike the right balance in my parenting style, I often feel caught between the hovering tendencies of a helicopter parent and the fear of becoming an absentee one."
• From this part of the passage, it's evident that the challenges faced by parents in the current generation involve struggling to find the right balance between the hovering tendencies of a helicopter parent and the fear of becoming an absentee one.
• Therefore, the correct answer is "Balancing between over-involvement and the fear of being absent."

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• To answer this question, refer to the second paragraph of the passage where Ratna Pathak Shah's observation is discussed:
• "Actor Ratna Pathak Shah's recent observation resonates, as she expresses relief at not being part of this generation, emphasizing the scant parental guidance they receive. She aptly characterizes them as a generation overwhelmed by unfiltered information, lacking assimilation, and seemingly unable to foresee their own vulnerabilities in the future."
• From this part of the passage, it's evident that Ratna Pathak Shah characterizes today's generation as overwhelmed by unfiltered information, lacking assimilation, and seemingly unable to foresee their own vulnerabilities.
• Therefore, the correct answer is "Overwhelmed by unfiltered information, lacking assimilation, and unable to foresee vulnerabilities."

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

• To answer this question, let's break down the sentences given in the question:
• Sentence A - "The movie 'Kho Gae Hum Kahan' prompts reflection on the impact of screens, emphasizing a divide between generations."
• This sentence can be inferred from the passage. The passage mentions the movie and how it prompts contemplation on the deep integration of screens in the lives of young adults grappling with the complexities of their lives, entangled with romance, ambition, heartbreaks, and the addictive allure of social media.
• Sentence B - "The influx of unfiltered information from social media platforms poses challenges, with YouTube influencers becoming questionable role models for children."
• This sentence can be inferred from the passage. The passage discusses the challenges posed by the influx of unfiltered information from social media platforms, with specific mention of YouTube influencers becoming questionable role models.
• Sentence C - "The isolation of today's youth from parental guidance stems from a lack of realization about losing valuable support."
• This sentence can be inferred from the passage. The passage highlights the isolation of today's youth and suggests that it stems from their lack of realization about losing valuable guidance and support from their parents.
• So, out of all the given sentences in the question, all three sentences (A, B, and C) can be inferred from the passage.
• Therefore, the correct answer is "All A, B, and C."

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

To answer this question, read the passage carefully and try to understand its overall theme.

The passage delves into the challenges faced by parents in the digital age, particularly in navigating the complexities of raising children amidst the influence of screens and social media. It highlights the struggles of finding a balance between parenting styles, the alarming mental health issues prevalent among today's youth, and the potential consequences of inadequate guidance. The discussion encompasses the role of screens, the impact of social media, the evolving dynamics between parents and children, and the need for responsible parenting.

Now, let's review the options:

• Option 1: "The Impact of Social Media on Today's Youth"
• While the passage does discuss the influence of social media, it goes beyond that to explore broader parenting challenges in the digital age. This option doesn't capture the entirety of the passage's focus.
• Option 2: "Parenting Challenges in the Digital Age"
• This title accurately reflects the central theme of the passage, covering the challenges faced by parents in the context of the digital age, making it the most suitable option.
• Option 3: "The Tragic Consequences of Screen Addiction"
• While the tragic consequences of screen addiction are discussed, the passage addresses a wider range of parenting challenges, making this option too narrow in scope.
• Option 4: "The Evolving Role of Parental Guidance"
• This title touches on the evolving dynamics between parents and children, but it doesn't encompass the broader challenges and consequences discussed in the passage.
• Option 5: "Navigating the Generation Gap: A Modern Parenting Dilemma"
• While the generation gap and modern parenting are discussed, the passage covers a wider array of challenges, making this option less comprehensive.
• So, after careful consideration, the most appropriate title that encapsulates the main theme of the passage is Option 2: "Parenting Challenges in the Digital Age." This title accurately reflects the overarching theme of the challenges faced by parents in navigating the digital landscape while raising their children.
• Therefore, the correct answer is "Parenting Challenges in the Digital Age."

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

To answer this question, let's first understand the given sentence:

Doctors, facing time constraints and limited resources, choose antibiotics over ________ examinations in overcrowded outpatient units.

• This sentence highlights that doctors, due to time and resource constraints, opt for antibiotics over comprehensive examinations in crowded outpatient units.
• The word that should fill in the blank is likely to indicate thorough patient assessments.
• Now, let's understand the meanings of the words given as options:
• Rigorous (adjective) - thorough and accurate; demanding strict attention to standards and procedures (कठोर)
• For Example -
• The research study underwent rigorous scrutiny by experts before publication.
• Superficial (adjective) - shallow or lacking in depth; concerned only with what is apparent or obvious (सतही)
• For Example -
• Her analysis of the complex issue was criticized for being superficial and overlooking key factors.
• Comprehensive (adjective) - complete and thorough; covering all or nearly all elements or aspects (व्यापक)
• For Example -
• The comprehensive report on the market trends provided valuable insights for investors.
• Thorough (adjective) - detailed and exhaustive; complete in every respect (विस्तृत)
• For Example -
• The detective conducted a thorough investigation to unravel the mystery.
• Irrelevant (adjective) - not connected or applicable to the matter at hand; unrelated or immaterial (अनुपयुक्त)
• For Example -
• The speaker's comments were deemed irrelevant to the main topic of the discussion.
• Perfunctory (adjective) - carried out with minimal effort or enthusiasm; done in a routine and mechanical way (स्वाभाविक)
• For Example -
• His perfunctory response to the important question raised concerns about his commitment.
• Extraneous (adjective) - unrelated or irrelevant to the subject being dealt with; unnecessary or superfluous (अनावश्यक)
• For Example -
• The professor urged students to avoid including extraneous information in their research papers.
• Exhaustive (adjective) - thorough and comprehensive; covering all possible details or aspects (पूर्ण)
• For Example -
• The exhaustive list of references in the bibliography demonstrated the depth of the research.
• So, after understanding the given sentence and the meanings of the given words, we can conclude that the pair of words that best completes the sentence is "comprehensive, thorough" (option 2). This choice fits the context well, as it conveys the idea that doctors, due to time and resource constraints, choose antibiotics over comprehensive examinations in overcrowded outpatient units. This choice aligns with the need for a comprehensive/thorough assessment of patients.
• The complete sentence would be: "Doctors, facing time constraints and limited resources, choose antibiotics over comprehensive/thorough examinations in overcrowded outpatient units."
• Therefore, the correct answer is "comprehensive, thorough."

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

To answer this question, let's first understand the given sentence:

In restaurants, AI could create ________ meals based on diners' tastes, overcoming the limitations of standardized menus.

• This sentence highlights how AI could conjure customized meals reflecting diners' preferences, surpassing the confines of standardized menus for a more tailored culinary experience.
• The word that should fill in the blank is likely to indicate customized meals tailored to individual preferences.
• Now, let's understand the meanings of the words given as options:
• Standardized (adjective) - Conforming to a set of standards or a common specification, making things consistent and uniform (मानकीकृत)
• For Example -
• The company implemented standardized testing procedures to ensure product quality.
• Customized (adjective) - Tailored or modified according to specific requirements or individual preferences (अनुकूलित)
• For Example -
• The software allows users to create customized settings based on their unique needs.
• Uniform (adjective) - Unchanging and consistent, lacking variations or differences (समान)
• For Example -
• The company enforces a uniform dress code to maintain a professional image.
• Generic (adjective) - General, not specific to any particular individual or group; lacking distinctive features (सामान्य)
• For Example -
• The store offers generic products that cater to a wide range of customers.
• Individualized (adjective) - Tailored or designed for a specific individual, considering unique characteristics or preferences (व्यक्तिगत)
• For Example -
• The training program provides individualized coaching to address each employee's needs.
• Personalized (adjective) - Customized or tailored to an individual's personal preferences or characteristics (व्यक्तिगत)
• For Example -
• Many online services offer personalized recommendations based on user preferences.
• Tailored (adjective) - Customized or adjusted to fit specific requirements or individual needs (विशेष रूप से बनाया गया)
• For Example -
• The designer tailored the dress to perfection, ensuring it complemented her client's unique style.
• Specialized (adjective) - Designed or developed for a specific purpose or field of expertise (विशेषज्ञ)
• For Example -
• The hospital has specialized equipment for conducting advanced medical procedures.
• Common (adjective) - Shared by or applicable to a group of people; not unique or individualized (सामान्य)
• For Example -
• The common goal of the team is to achieve success in the upcoming project.
• So, after understanding the given sentence and the meanings of the given words, we can conclude that the pair of words that best completes the sentence is "personalized, tailored" (Option 4). This choice conveys the idea that AI could create meals customized to individual preferences, and the use of both words fits well in the context of overcoming the limitations of standardized menus in restaurants.
• The complete sentence would be: "In restaurants, AI could create personalized/tailored meals based on diners' tastes, overcoming the limitations of standardized menus."
• Therefore, the correct answer is "personalized, tailored."

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

To answer this question, let's first understand the given sentence:

Teaching, a labour of love, a/an ________ of challenges and rewards, demands resilience, entails sacrifices, and leaves an immeasurable impact.

• This sentence describes teaching as a passionate undertaking filled with both challenges and rewards. It emphasizes the need for resilience, the requirement for sacrifices, and the lasting impact of teaching.
• The word that should fill in the blank is likely to indicate a mix of challenges and rewards in the teaching profession.
• Now, let's understand the meanings of the words given as options:
• Journey (noun) - the act of travelling from one place to another, often involving a process of personal development or exploration (यात्रा)
• For Example -
• Embarking on a solo journey helped her discover new perspectives and strengths.
• Regression (noun) - a return to a previous state or condition, often characterized by decline or retrogression (प्रतिगामन)
• For Example -
• After a period of progress, the project experienced regression due to unforeseen challenges.
• Expedition (noun) - a journey or voyage undertaken for a specific purpose, often involving exploration, research, or a quest (अभियान)
• For Example -
• The scientific expedition aimed to study marine life in uncharted waters.
• Inaction (noun) - the lack of action or activity, a state of not taking any steps or making any decisions (निष्क्रियता)
• For Example -
• Persistent inaction on environmental issues can lead to irreversible consequences.
• Odyssey (noun) - a long and adventurous journey marked by numerous challenges, often with personal or heroic significance (एक प्रकार की महायात्रा)
• For Example -
• His entrepreneurial odyssey led him to overcome obstacles and build a successful business.
• Quest (noun) - a search, pursuit, or journey undertaken to achieve a specific goal or find something valuable (क्षेत्राध्ययन)
• For Example -
• The knight embarked on a quest to find the legendary sword and save the kingdom.
• Retreat (noun) - the act of withdrawing or moving back, often from a challenging situation or for relaxation and reflection (पीछे हटना)
• For Example -
• The meditation retreat provided a peaceful environment for self-reflection and relaxation.
• Divergence (noun) - the process of moving or extending in different directions, or a departure from a common path or course (विचलन)
• For Example -
• The divergence of opinions among team members led to a reevaluation of the project's strategy.
• So, after understanding the given sentence and the meanings of the given words, we can conclude that the best pair of words to fill in the blank is "odyssey, expedition." This choice effectively conveys the idea of teaching as a long and adventurous journey filled with challenges and rewards, aligning with the context of the sentence.
• The complete sentence would be: "Teaching, a labour of love, an odyssey/expedition of challenges and rewards, demands resilience, entails sacrifices, and leaves an immeasurable impact."
• Therefore, the correct answer is "odyssey, expedition."

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

To answer this question, let's first understand the given sentence:

Letting others live their lives without judgment fosters a better world; resist the ________ to dictate others' decisions.

• This sentence emphasizes the importance of not judging others and encourages resisting the urge to control or influence their choices, promoting a more harmonious and accepting world.
• The word that should fill in the blank is likely to indicate a strong impulse or inclination.
• Now, let's understand the meanings of the words given as options:
• Urge (noun) - a strong desire or impulse to do something, often accompanied by a sense of necessity or compelling force (इच्छा)
• For Example -
• The urge to explore new horizons led him to embark on a solo backpacking adventure.
• Tendency (noun) - a natural inclination or predisposition towards a particular behaviour or course of action (प्रवृत्ति)
• For Example -
• Her tendency to procrastinate became a challenge in meeting tight deadlines.
• Adventure (noun) - an exciting or daring experience, often involving risk and the unknown (साहसिक कार्य)
• For Example -
• Embarking on a thrilling adventure, they explored uncharted lands, discovering hidden wonders and facing challenges.
• Restraint (noun) - the action or means of holding something back, controlling, or limiting it (संयम)
• For Example -
• Exercising restraint in spending is crucial for maintaining a healthy financial situation.
• Inclination (noun) - a person's natural tendency or preference towards a particular idea, activity, or course of action (रुझान)
• For Example -
• Her inclination towards art and creativity led her to pursue a career in graphic design.
• Deterrent (noun) - something that discourages or hinders a particular action or behaviour (निवारक)
• For Example -
• The presence of security cameras acts as a deterrent to potential burglars.
• Constrain (verb; 3^rd person present) - to restrict or limit someone or something's freedom or action (प्रतिबंधित करना)
• For Example -
• Strict regulations may constrain the company's ability to innovate.
• Adjure (verb; 3^rd person present) - to earnestly and solemnly urge or command someone to do something (संकट के समय सहारा मांगना)
• For Example -
• The captain adjured his team to give their best effort in the crucial match.
• Impulse (noun) - a sudden and strong urge or desire to act without much thought or consideration (आवेग)
• For Example -
• On impulse, she decided to buy the concert tickets without checking her schedule.
• Repulsion (noun) - a strong feeling of disgust, aversion, or intense dislike towards something or someone (घृणा)
• For Example -
• The gruesome scene in the movie evoked a sense of repulsion among the audience.
• So, after understanding the given sentence and the meanings of the given words, we can conclude that the best pair of words to complete the sentence is "urge, tendency." This choice fits well with the context of resisting the inclination or impulse to dictate others' decisions.
• The complete sentence would be: "Letting others live their lives without judgment fosters a better world; resist the urge/tendency to dictate others' decisions."
• Therefore, the correct answer is "urge, tendency."