SBI Clerk Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 12 January 2024 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is "distortion".

Key Points

• In this context, 'skew' is used to signify an imbalance or disproportion.
• Therefore, the word 'distortion' is a close synonym, as it signifies a deviation from the true representation or standard.
• Thus, distorting can also imply skewing, making option 2 the correct choice.

The correct answer is 'option 2'.

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Additional Information 

• Option 1 is the antonym of 'skew'; an equal distribution would signify balance, not a skew.
• Option 3, 'aligned', indicates order or arrangement, which is opposite to skew.
• Option 4, 'different', does not necessarily imply a disproportion or a deviation from the truth.
• Option 5, 'harmonious', signifies balance and compatibility, an opposite concept to skewing.

The Correct answer is "ISRO – Redefining space exploration beyond technology".

Key Points 

• The passage provides an overview of ISRO's missions, focusing on their scientific significance.
• It explores different aspects, including the nature of the missions, the balance between space technology and space science, and the involvement of different stakeholders.
• Therefore, the title should reflect this expansive discussion, making option 2 the most suitable title.

The Correct answer is 'option 2'.

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Additional Information

• Option 1 is too specific, focusing only on XPoSat, whereas the passage covers broader topics.
• Option 3 similarly focuses only on the two missions, narrowing the broader deliberations of the passage.
• Option 4 is misaligned, as while the passage covers an aspect of the private spaceflight sector, it is not the central focus.
• Option 5 again limits the wider discussion to X-ray studies.

The correct answer is "The Raman Research Institute".

Key Points

• According to the passage, the POLIX payload was realized by The Raman Research Institute.
• This payload is destined to track X-rays in the 8-30 kilo-electron-volt (keV) energy range.
• The passage clearly states this, making option 4, The Raman Research Institute, the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'option 4'.

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Additional Information 

• Options 1, 2, 3, and 5 are incorrect, as they were not involved in realizing the POLIX payload according to the information in the passage

The correct answer is "The scientific missions of ISRO carry potential for significant breakthroughs".

Key Points 

• The passage highlights the scientific missions, Aditya L-1 and XPoSat, launched by ISRO, detailing their contributions to understanding space phenomena.
• One can infer from the distinct roles of these missions and the expected insights they will provide that they carry great potential for significant scientific breakthroughs.
• Accordingly, as this is the only option that aligns with the passage, option 2 must be the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'option 2'.

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Additional Information

• Option 1 misrepresents the passage's description of ISRO's balance of scientific and technological missions.
• Option 3 is incorrect as XPoSat also includes studying continuous X-ray emissions besides X-ray polarization.
• Option 4 provides a broader future speculation not directly supported by the passage.
• Option 5 is incorrect; the passage states that there was participation from private entities in the C58 mission

The correct answer is "The fourth stage of the rocket in the C58 mission transformed into a rudimentary satellite."

Key Points

• The passage explicitly states that after launching XPoSat, the fourth stage of the rocket lowered itself into a different orbit, unfolded solar panels, and became a rudimentary satellite.
• This event is directly mentioned, making option 4 the action that must be true based on the passage.

The correct answer is 'option 4'.

Additional Information 

• Option 1 is incorrect as according to the passage, XPoSat is the second, not the first, space-based experiment to study X-ray polarisation.
• Option 2 is a negative assertion not directly supported by the passage.
• Option 3 is not accurate; the passage explains that there is a skew, but does not belittle scientific missions.
• Option 5 is incorrect. ISRO centers did contribute payloads in the second part of the C58 mission.

The correct answer is "option 2".

Key Points

• The most suitable word to fit the context is looking for a word that describes students who have ambitions or goals relating to science.
• Based on this logic, only the word "aspiring" fits the context correctly.

The correct answer is 'option 2'.

Additional Information 

• Options 1, 3, 4, and 5 impart a negative connotation that does not match the positive context of the sentence.

The correct answer is "Curl".

Key Points

• 'Unfurled' means to unroll, unfold, or spread out from a rolled or folded state.
• Thus, the opposite of unfurling would be to roll or fold something. Hence, 'curl' is the antonym of 'unfurled'.
• So the appropriate antonym in the provided options is 'curl', making option 5 the correct choice.

The correct answer is 'option 5'.

Additional Information 

• Options 1, 2, 3, and 4 do not align with the opposite meaning of 'unfurled'.

The correct answer is "To kill two birds with one stone".

Key Points 

• The phrase describes ISRO's ability to utilize both technological capabilities and scientific missions, indicating it addresses two objectives simultaneously.
• Therefore, the idiom 'To kill two birds with one stone', which signifies achieving two objectives with one action, best suits the phrase.
• Hence, option 5 is the idiom that best describes the given phrase.

The correct answer is 'option 5'.

Additional Information

• The other idioms, options 1, 2, 3, and 4 do not correctly depict the idea of simultaneously achieving two goals as per the given context.

The correct answer is "The role of ISRO in the global space community, focusing on its scientific missions.​"

Key Points 

• The passage covers ISRO's recent missions and explores their contribution to global space research.
• These missions include Aditya L-1, aimed at studying the sun, and XPoSat, geared towards examining polarised X-rays in space.
• The passage also highlights ISRO's focus on balancing scientific and technological missions.
• Therefore, option 2, which encapsulates all these points, best represents the main idea of the passage.

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 2'.

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Additional Information

• Option 1 refers to the impact of ISRO's recent missions on India's space tech advancements, which is not the chief focus of the passage.
• Option 3 focuses solely on the scientific breakthroughs of specific missions, which is narrow in light of the passage's scope.
• Option 4 is incorrect as the passage is not mainly about X-ray emissions in astrophysical phenomena.
• Option 5 is close, but it only emphasizes the scientific versus technological mission preferences of ISRO and leaves out the broader context.

The correct answer is 'Excessive.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is talking about, the amount of money spent by the state government leading to a huge deficit or loss.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is, 'Excessive'.
• Also, the use of the word ''spending'' in the sentence indicates the use of the word 'excessive' in the blank.
• The word 'Excessive' means More than needed; too much. (अत्‍यधिक; बहुत अधिक)
• Example: An excessive amount of security was at the event making the sea of people even more crowded.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Complete Sentence: Excessive spending by the state government drained our funds and left us with a huge deficit.

Additional Information

• Let us explore  the other options:
• Pivotal means Of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else. (धुरीय, मूलभूत)
• Resolute means Having or showing great determination. (दृढ़निश्‍चयी, कृतसंकल्‍प)
• Determined means Having firmly decided to do something or to succeed, even if it is difficult. (कठिन होने के बावजूद किसी काम में सफलता प्राप्त करने का संकल्प, कृतसंकल्‍प, दृढ़निश्‍चयी)
• Emphatic means Said or expressed in a strong way. (सशक्त, ज़ोरदार, बलपूर्ण, बलयुक्त)

The correct answer is 'Achieve.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is talking about, attaining one's purpose or aim through patience and diligence.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is, 'Achieve'.
• Also, the use of the word ''goal'' in the sentence indicates the use of the word 'achieve' in the blank.
• The word 'Achieve' means To successfully get or accomplish. (कुछ प्राप्‍त करना प्रायः मेहनत और कौशल द्वारा)
• Example: I studied hard to achieve a perfect grade.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Complete Sentence: I will achieve my goal through patience and diligence.

Additional Information

• Let us explore  the other options:
• Deceive means To try to make somebody believe something that is not true. (बहकाना, भ्रमित करना)
• Anguish means Great mental pain or suffering. (गहरी वेदना या पीड़ा; मनोव्‍यथा)
• Torment means Great pain and suffering in your mind or body; somebody or something that causes this. (तीव्र मानसिक या शारीरिक वेदना; ऐसी वेदना पहुँचाने वाला व्यक्ति या वस्‍तु)
• Grief means Great sadness. (गहरा शोक)

The correct answer is 'Intensity.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is talking about, strong nausea or sickness that led to weakness and vomiting.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is, 'Intensity'.
• Also, the use of the word ''strong'' in the sentence indicates the use of the word 'intensity' in the blank.
• The word 'Intensity' means At a stronger level than normal. (उग्रता, तीव्रता, भाव-प्रबलता)
• Example: If the pain intensity increases contact the doctor immediately.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Complete Sentence: The intensity of her nausea was so strong that she felt dizzy and began to retch.

Additional Information

• Let us explore  the other options:
• Resonate means To remind somebody of something; to be similar to what somebody thinks or believes. (किसी को कुछ याद दिलाना; किसी के सोच या मान्‍यताओं से अनुकूलता अनुभव करना)
• Vulnerable means Weak and easy to hurt physically or emotionally. (दुर्बल और नाज़ुक, असुरक्षित, सुभेद्य, आघात योग्‍य)
• Susceptible means Easily influenced, damaged or affected by somebody or something. (किसी व्यक्ति से सरलता से प्रभावित, रोग आदि से क्षतिग्रस्‍त या आक्रांत हो जानेवाला)
• Diversity means The wide variety of something. (विविधता)

The correct answer is 'Breakthrough.'

Key Points

• The given sentence is talking about, the invention that let farmers to process cotton ten times faster.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is, 'Breakthrough'.
• Also, the use of the word ''discovery'' in the sentence indicates the use of the word 'breakthrough' in the blank.
• The word 'Breakthrough' means An important discovery or development.
• Example: A medical breakthrough suddenly allowed doctors to cure a disease that once killed thousands of people.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Complete Sentence: The breakthrough invention allowed farmers to process cotton ten times faster than before the revolutionary discovery.

Additional Information

• Let us explore the other options:
• Complication means Something that makes a situation hard to understand or to deal with. (उलझन, परेशानी, जटिलता, पेचीदगी)
• Snag means A small difficulty or disadvantage that is often unexpected or hidden. (छोटी कठिनाई या प्रतिकूलता प्रायः अप्रत्‍याशित या छिपी हुई)
• Intricacy means The complicated parts or details of something. (किसी वस्‍तु के जटिल अंश या ब्‍योरे)
• Drawback means A disadvantage or problem. (कमी, न्‍यूनता, त्रुटि, असुविधा)

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. astounding.

Explanation:

We have to choose the word which is similar to the emboldened word and can replace it. 

Let's take a look at the meaning and usage of all the words given in the question and options-

• Astonishing: extremely surprising or impressive; amazing
• Confirming: establish the truth or correctness of (something previously believed or suspected to be the case)
• Astounding: surprisingly impressive
• Purifying: removing the spoiling particles from something
• Praising: expressing warm approval or admiration of
  

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Therefore, from the given options, the best alternative for the emboldened word is 'astounding'.

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. request.

Key Points

We have to choose a word that is similar to the emboldened word and can replace it. 

Let's take a look at the meaning and usage of all the words given in the question and options-

• Petition: To formally request someone to do something
• Pray: To address a prayer (a request to God for something)
• Prey: The act of hunting and killing for food
• Command: To give someone an order to do something
• Request: To politely and formally ask someone to do something
  

Therefore, from the given options, the best alternative for the emboldened word is 'request'.

Mistake Points

• The reader may get confused between 'command' and 'request' but a victim's family cannot order a court to do something, they can only politely ask.

The correct answer is 'B.'

Key Points

• The correct sequence of the segments after rearrangement is ADCBE.
• The sentence 'A' is independent of any other sentence as it is giving general information about "Miss Universe". Hence, 'A' is the first part.
• Sentence D will come after A as it further gives information about how important or how big is the Miss Universe event.
• Sentence C will come after D as it is giving information about who owns the Miss Universe Organization and its brand.
• Sentence B will come after C as it is giving information about the television broadcast partner of the pageant for the next 5 years.
• The sentence 'E' is the concluding part because it is talking about the aim and concept of the Miss Universe event.
• From the above sequence, we can say that sentence 'B' is the fourth sentence after rearrangement.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Paragraph after rearranging the sentences: Miss Universe is an annual international beauty pageant that is run by the United States-based Miss Universe Organization. Along with Miss World, Miss International, and Miss Earth, Miss Universe is one of the Big Four international beauty pageants. The Miss Universe Organization and its brand are currently owned by Endeavor. Telemundo has the licensing rights to air the pageant for the next 5 years. The pageant's advocacy is humanitarian issues and is a voice to affect positive change in the world.

Hint

• Important Rules to Solve the Para Jumbles:
• Read the sentences attentively and try to comprehend the idea or theme of the sentence and eliminate the irrelevant options.
• Try to identify the opening (independent sentence) and closing sentences (concluding sentence).
• Try to identify the mandatory pairs. Two sentences can be connected through various connectors and other determinants.

The correct answer is 'C.'

Key Points

• The correct sequence of the segments after rearrangement is ADCBE.
• The sentence 'A' is independent of any other sentence as it is giving general information about "Miss Universe". Hence, 'A' is the first part.
• Sentence D will come after A as it further gives information about how important or how big is the Miss Universe event.
• Sentence C will come after D as it is giving information about who owns the Miss Universe Organization and its brand.
• Sentence B will come after C as it is giving information about the television broadcast partner of the pageant for the next 5 years.
• The sentence 'E' is the concluding part because it is talking about the aim and concept of the Miss Universe event.
• From the above sequence, we can say that sentence 'C' is the third sentence after rearrangement.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'B and D.'

Key Points

• The correct sequence of the segments after rearrangement is ADCBE.
• The sentence 'A' is independent of any other sentence as it is giving general information about "Miss Universe". Hence, 'A' is the first part.
• Sentence D should come after A as it further gives information about how important or how big is the Miss Universe event.
• Sentence C will come after D as it is giving information about who owns the Miss Universe Organization and its brand.
• Sentence B should come after C as it is giving information about the television broadcast partner of the pageant for the next 5 years.
• The sentence 'E' is the concluding part because it is talking about the aim and concept of the Miss Universe event.
• The information given in the sentence 'D' is introducing a subject and is more important than the information given in the sentence 'B'. Therefore, B and D should be interchanged.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is 'Only II.'

Key Points

• Sentence B is giving information about the television broadcast partner of the pageant for the next 5 years.
• The next sentence which should follow the sentence 'B' should be related to television or the pageants being televised or being watched.
• From the given options, only the second option can immediately follow sentence B.
• The second option is talking about the pageants being watched by a huge audience.
• The first option is talking about the reselling of the franchise which organizes the Miss Universe event.
• The third option is talking about some fees related to the pageant.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'Only III.'

Key Points

• Sentence E is talking about the aim and concept of the Miss Universe event.
• The next sentence which should follow the sentence 'E' should be related to Miss Universe only.
• From the given options, only the third option can immediately follow sentence E.
• The third option is giving information about the current Miss Universe.
• The first and second options are giving general information about a crown which is not mentioned in any of the sentences.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'A' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the first part of the given sentence, the singular form of the noun ''thing'' is incorrect.
• The ''one of'' is a singular term and is generally used to talk about a noun or a pronoun.
• The noun or a pronoun used after the phrase ''one of'' is always in the plural form ( as we are talking of one person/place/thing out of many).
• Therefore, the plural form of the noun ''things'' should be used in place of the singular noun 'thing'.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Correct sentence: One of the things that attracted me to this field is the opportunity to make a difference in people’s lives.

Additional Information

• The helping verb will always be in the singular form (here, is), as the helping verb agrees with ''one of'' and not with the plural noun in the sentence.

The correct answer is 'C' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

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Key Points

• In the given sentence, the use of the zero infinitive or base form of the verb 'trade' in part C is incorrect.
• The zero (or bare) infinitive is used after verbs of perception (see, feel, hear), many auxiliary verbs (may, should, must), the verbs make and let, and the expressions had better and would rather.
• The given sentence is talking about the purpose of coining money in honest and accurate measures i.e. to trade freely on open markets.
• The to-infinitive is used in many sentence constructions, often expressing the purpose of something or someone's opinion about something.
• Therefore, the to-infinitive ''to trade'' should be used in place of the zero or bare infinitive 'trade'.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Correct sentence: They coin money in honest and accurate measures and allow this money to trade freely on open markets.

The correct answer is 'D' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the given sentence, the plural form of the verb 'are' in part D is incorrect.
• We know that expressions such as with, together with, including, accompanied by, in addition to, or as well do not change the number of the subject.
• If the subject is singular (here, queen), the verb is too.
• Therefore, the singular form of the verb 'is' should be used in place of the plural form 'are'.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Correct sentence: The people of Queenstown are happy that the queen, accompanied by the prince of Wales, is present at the function.

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Additional Information

• Subjects and verbs must agree with one another in number (singular or plural).
• Thus, if a subject is singular, its verb must also be singular; if the subject is plural, its verb must also be plural.

The correct answer is 'C' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the third part of the given sentence, the use of the indefinite article 'an' is incorrect.
• ''An university'' should be replaced with ''a university'' because the first letter 'u' of the word 'university' is pronounced with a consonant sound.
• 'A' and 'an' are indefinite articles, which means that they refer to, or introduce, an unspecified noun.
• We use 'a' before a consonant sound (here, university) and we use 'an' before a vowel sound.
• The definite article 'the' is used before singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific or particular.
• ''No article'' is used when we refer to general ideas, plurals, or uncountable nouns.
• Therefore, the indefinite article 'a' should be used in place of the indefinite article 'an'.
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Correct Sentence: In the choice of these spots, two motives seem to have influenced him - the neighborhood of a university or college and the amenities of the situation.

Additional Information

There are three articles: a, an, and the. Articles are used before nouns or noun equivalents and are a type of adjective.

The correct answer is 'B' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• In the second part of the given sentence, the use of the preposition 'between' is incorrect.
• We use the preposition 'between' to refer to two things that are clearly separated.
• The preposition 'between' means in the space in the middle of two things, people, places, etc.
• 'Between' is used when naming distinct, individual items (can be 2, 3, or more).
• We use 'among' to talk about things that are not clearly separated because they are part of a group or crowd or mass of objects.
• The preposition 'among' means being a member or member of a larger set.
• 'Among' is used when the items are part of a group or are not specifically named (must be 3 or more).
• Therefore, the preposition 'among' should be used in place of the preposition 'between'.
  

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Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct sentence: We'd discussed this point among ourselves numerous times over the past months.

The correct answer is 'Only A'.

Key Points

• The word 'Deprecate' as  a verb means 'to express disapproval of'.
• In Sentence A, the word 'Deprecate' has been used correctly as a verb as the sentence is talking about how the teachers should not disapprove of their student's achievements.
• In Sentence B, the word 'Deprecate' is inappropriately used and doesn't fit the context of the sentence.
• In Sentence C, the word 'Deprecate' is inappropriately used and doesn't fit the context of the sentence.

The correct answer is 'Only B'.

Key Points

• The word 'Imminent' as an adjective means something which is about to happen (often used of something bad or dangerous).
• In Sentence A, the word 'Imminent' is inappropriately used and doesn't fit the context of the sentence.
• In 'Sentence B' the word 'Imminent' has been used correctly as  an adjective as the sentence is talking about the weather forecast which has warned about the rain storm which is about to happen soon.
• In Sentence C, the word 'Imminent' is inappropriately used and doesn't fit the context of the sentence.

The correct answer is 'Only A'.

Key Points

• The word 'Discreet' as a adjective means 'careful and prudent in one's speech or actions, especially in order to keep something confidential.
• In Sentence A, the word 'Discreet' has been used correctly used as an adjective as the sentence is talking about someone who has made some enquiries about some organization which is careful..
• In Sentence B, the word 'Discreet' is inappropriately used and doesn't fit the context of the sentence.
• In Sentence C, the word  'Discreet' is inappropriately used and doesn't fit the context of the sentence.

The correct answer is 'Both A and B'

Key Points

• The word 'Elicit' means  to obtain something, especially information or a reaction. 
• ​In sentence A, the word 'Elicit' has been correctly used as a verb as the sentence is talking about how someone managed to obtain something from many small businesses.
• In sentence B, the word 'Elicit' has been used correctly as a verb as the sentence is talking about how Ravi was trying to obtain some info from his friends.
• In sentence C, the word 'Elicit' is inappropriately used and doesn't fit the context of the sentence.

The correct answer is 'Both A and B.'

Key Points

• The word 'Project' as a noun means A piece of work, often involving many people, that is planned and organized carefully.
• The word 'Project' as a verb means To present someone or something in a particular way.
• In sentence A, the word 'Project' has been correctly used as a noun as the sentence is talking about someone who gained valuable experience whilst working on the assignment or piece of work.
• In sentence B, the word 'Project' has been correctly used as a verb as the sentence is talking about a political party trying to present a new image of itself.
• In sentence C, the word 'Project' is inappropriately used and doesn't fit the context of the sentence.
  

Hence, the only possible answer is option 2.

Solution:

Number of female vegetarians = 750 ×2/5  = 300

Number of male vegetarians = 750 - 300 = 450

Number of female non vegetarians = 800 × 1/4 = 200

Number of male non vegetarians = 800 - 200 = 600

Require total = (600 + 450) = 1050

Solution:

Number of married vegetarians from city B = 850 × (40/100) = 340

Number of unmarried vegetarians from city B = 850 - 340 = 510

Number of married non-vegetarians from city B  = 900 ×1/3 = 300

Number of unmarried non-vegetarians from city B = 900 - 300 = 600

Required difference = (600 - 510) = 90

Solution:

Total number of vegetarians in city D, E and F = 700 × 3 = 2100

Number of vegetarians in city D and E = (550 + 950) = 1500

Number of vegetarians in city F = (2100 - 1500) = 600

Total number of non vegetarians in city D, E and F = 600 × 3 = 1800

Number of non vegetarians in city D and E = (500 + 700) = 1200

Number of non vegetarians in city F = (1800 - 1200) = 600

Required total = (600 + 600) = 1200

Solution:

Number of vegetarians in city D = 550

Number of vegetarians in city E = 950

Number of non-vegetarians in C = 700

Number of non-vegetarians in D = 500

Required ratio = (950 + 550): (700 + 500) = 1500: 1200 = 5: 4

Solution:

Average number of vegetarians from all the cities = (750 + 850 + 650 + 550 + 950)/5 = 750

Average number of non vegetarians from all the cities = (800 +  900 + 700 + 500 + 700)/5 = 720

Required difference = (750 - 720) = 30

The series follows the following pattern:

81 + 18 = 99

99 + 24 = 123

123 + 30 = 153

153 + 36 = 189

189 + 42 = 231

The series follows the following pattern:

5² + 1 = 26

6² + 2 = 38

7² + 3 = 52

8² + 4 = 68

9² + 5 = 86

10² + 6 = 106

The series follows the following pattern:

12 + 3 = 15 

15 + 9 = 24

24 + 15 = 39

39 + 21 = 60

60 + 27 = 87

Calculations:

The series follows the following pattern:

6 + 11 = 17

17 – 22 = -5

-5 + 33 = 28

28 – 44 = -16

-16 + 55 =39

∴ The missing term in the series is -5.

The series follows the following pattern

∴ The missing number = 588

Shortcut Trick

Assume initial Cost Price (CP) = 100. Profit = 420, so Selling Price (SP) = 100 + 420 = 520.

New CP = 100 + 35% of 100 = 135. SP remains constant at 520.

New Profit = 520 − 135 = 385.

Profit percentage on SP = (385 ÷ 520) × 100 ≈ 74%.

∴ The correct answer is 74%.

Alternate Method

Given → Profit% on CP = 420% | Increase in CP = 35% | SP is constant. Formulas: Profit = SP − CP | Profit% on SP = (Profit ÷ SP) × 100.

⇒ Let initial CP = 100. ⇒ Profit = 420% of 100 = 420. ⇒ SP = CP + Profit = 100 + 420 = 520. ⇒ New CP = 100 + 35 = 135. ⇒ New Profit = SP − New CP = 520 − 135 = 385. ⇒ Profit percentage on SP = (385 ÷ 520) × 100 = 74.038% ≈ 74%.

∴ The correct answer is 74%.

Additional Information

Profit on Selling Price vs Cost Price

Standard profit% is always calculated on CP. However, some problems specifically ask for Profit% on Selling Price, where the denominator becomes SP instead of CP.

Effect of Constant Selling Price

When SP is fixed and CP increases, the absolute profit decreases, and the profit margin (whether based on CP or SP) also decreases accordingly.

Shortcut Trick

Total ratio parts = 3 + 4 = 7 units

7 units = 63 years → 1 unit = 9 years

Ranita's current age = 3 × 9 = 27 years | Rahul's current age = 4 × 9 = 36 years

Ages after 5 years → Ranita: 27 + 5 = 32 | Rahul: 36 + 5 = 41

∴ The correct answer is 32 ∶ 41.

Alternate Method

Given: Present ratio = 3 ∶ 4, Sum = 63 years, Time offset = +5 years.

⇒ Let the present ages be 3x and 4x.

⇒ 3x + 4x = 63

⇒ 7x = 63

⇒ x = 9

⇒ Ranita's present age = 3 × 9 = 27 years

⇒ Rahul's present age = 4 × 9 = 36 years

⇒ Age after 5 years: Ranita = 32, Rahul = 41

⇒ Required Ratio = 32 ∶ 41

∴ The correct answer is 32 ∶ 41.

Additional Information

Ratio and Proportion in Ages

The difference between the ages of two people remains constant throughout their lives. If the ratio changes, the unit difference should be normalized.

Sum of Ages Shortcut

Value of one ratio part = Total Sum ÷ Sum of Ratio parts. Multiply this value with individual parts to find specific ages.

Shortcut Trick

Initial milk in 80 L (ratio 2:3) = 80 × (2/5) = 32 L.

Mixture replaced = 25% of 80 L = 20 L.

Milk removed = 25% of 32 L = 8 L.

Milk added = 20 L (equal to the mixture removed).

Final Milk = 32 − 8 + 20 = 44 L.

∴ The correct answer is 44 litres.

Alternate Method

Given: Total Mixture = 80 L, Ratio (M:W) = 2:3.

⇒ Initial Milk = (2/5) × 80 = 32 L.

⇒ Initial Water = (3/5) × 80 = 48 L.

⇒ Replacement amount = 25% of 80 = 20 L.

⇒ Milk in 20 L mixture = (2/5) × 20 = 8 L.

⇒ Milk left after removal = 32 − 8 = 24 L.

⇒ Milk added = 20 L.

⇒ Final amount of Milk = 24 + 20 = 44 L.

∴ The correct answer is 44 litres.

Additional Information

Mixture Replacement Rule

When a part of a mixture is replaced by one of its components, the ratio of the components in the remaining part stays the same as the original ratio.

Formula for Remaining Quantity

Remaining amount of original liquid = Initial amount × (1 − x/V)ⁿ, where x is quantity replaced, V is total volume, and n is number of operations.

Alligation in Replacement

Replacement problems can also be solved by treating the added pure component as a 100% concentration mixture.

General Solution:

Number of cars sold in the company A = 5x

Number of cars sold in the company B = 7x

Number of bikes sold  in the company A = 12.5x

Number of bikes sold in company C = 12.5x + 500

Number of bikes sold in company B = 12.5x ×  (120/100) = 15x

Number of bikes sold in company D = 15x - 150

12.5x + 12.5x + 500 + 15x + (15x - 150) = 5850

55x = (5850 - 350)

55x = 5500

x = 100

Number of cars sold in company A = 5 ×  100 = 500

Number of cars sold in company B = 7 ×  100 = 700

Number of bikes  sold in company A = 12.5 ×  100 = 1250

Number of bikes sold in company B = 15 ×  100 = 1500

Number of bikes sold in company C = 1250 + 500 = 1750

Number of bikes sold in company D = 15 ×  100 - 150 = 1350

Number of cars sold in company D = 1350 - 350 = 1000

Number of cars sold in company C = 1100

 

 

Solution:

Number of bikes sold in company C = 1750

Number of cars sold in all the companies = (500+ 700 + 1100 + 1000) = 3300

Required percentage = 1750/3300 × 100  = 53.03%

General Solution:

Number of cars sold in the company A = 5x

Number of cars sold in the company B = 7x

Number of bikes sold  in the company A = 12.5x

Number of bikes sold in company C = 12.5x + 500

Number of bikes sold in company B = 12.5x ×  (120/100) = 15x

Number of bikes sold in company D = 15x - 150

12.5x + 12.5x + 500 + 15x + (15x - 150) = 5850

55x = (5850 - 350)

55x = 5500

x = 100

Number of cars sold in company A = 5 ×  100 = 500

Number of cars sold in company B = 7 ×  100 = 700

Number of bikes  sold in company A = 12.5 ×  100 = 1250

Number of bikes sold in company B = 15 ×  100 = 1500

Number of bikes sold in company C = 1250 + 500 = 1750

Number of bikes sold in company D = 15 ×  100 - 150 = 1350

Number of cars sold in company D = 1350 - 350 = 1000

Number of cars sold in company C = 1100

 

 

Solution:

Number of cars sold in company C = 1100

Number of cars sold in company D = 1000

Number of bikes sold in company A = 1250

Number of bikes sold in company D = 1350

Required ratio = (1000 + 1100): (1250 + 1350) = 2100: 2600 = 21: 26

General Solution:

Number of cars sold in the company A = 5x

Number of cars sold in the company B = 7x

Number of bikes sold  in the company A = 12.5x

Number of bikes sold in company C = 12.5x + 500

Number of bikes sold in company B = 12.5x ×  (120/100) = 15x

Number of bikes sold in company D = 15x - 150

12.5x + 12.5x + 500 + 15x + (15x - 150) = 5850

55x = (5850 - 350)

55x = 5500

x = 100

Number of cars sold in company A = 5 ×  100 = 500

Number of cars sold in company B = 7 ×  100 = 700

Number of bikes  sold in company A = 12.5 ×  100 = 1250

Number of bikes sold in company B = 15 ×  100 = 1500

Number of bikes sold in company C = 1250 + 500 = 1750

Number of bikes sold in company D = 15 ×  100 - 150 = 1350

Number of cars sold in company D = 1350 - 350 = 1000

Number of cars sold in company C = 1100

 

 

Solution:

Number of bikes sold in the company D = 1350

Number of cars sold in the company E = 1350 + 250 = 1600

Number of cars sold in the company C = 1100

Number of cars sold in the company E = 1100 + 125 = 1225

Total  number of vehicles sold in the company E = (1600 + 1225) = 2825

General Solution:

Number of cars sold in the company A = 5x

Number of cars sold in the company B = 7x

Number of bikes sold  in the company A = 12.5x

Number of bikes sold in company C = 12.5x + 500

Number of bikes sold in company B = 12.5x ×  (120/100) = 15x

Number of bikes sold in company D = 15x - 150

12.5x + 12.5x + 500 + 15x + (15x - 150) = 5850

55x = (5850 - 350)

55x = 5500

x = 100

Number of cars sold in company A = 5 ×  100 = 500

Number of cars sold in company B = 7 ×  100 = 700

Number of bikes  sold in company A = 12.5 ×  100 = 1250

Number of bikes sold in company B = 15 ×  100 = 1500

Number of bikes sold in company C = 1250 + 500 = 1750

Number of bikes sold in company D = 15 ×  100 - 150 = 1350

Number of cars sold in company D = 1350 - 350 = 1000

Number of cars sold in company C = 1100

 

 

Solution:

Number of cars sold in company A = 500 ×  (125/100) = 625

Number of vehicles sold = 2225

Number of bikes sold in company A = 2225 - 625 = 1600

Number of bike sold sales increased = (1600 - 1250) = 350

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below, 

Step-1: Parts of an equation enclosed in 'Brackets' must be solved first, and in the bracket, 

Step-2: Any mathematical 'Of' or 'Exponent' must be solved next, 

Step-3: Next, the parts of the equation that contain 'Division' and 'Multiplication' are calculated, 

Step-4: Last but not least, the parts of the equation that contain 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' should be calculated

⇒ 1260 ÷ 42 × {(102 - 86) + 5} = ?

⇒ 1260 ÷ 42 × {(16 + 5} = ?

⇒ 1260 ÷ 42 × 21 = ?

⇒ 30 × 21 = ?

∴ ? = 630

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below, 

Step-1: Parts of an equation enclosed in 'Brackets' must be solved first, and in the bracket, 

Step-2: Any mathematical 'Of' or 'Exponent' must be solved next, 

Step-3: Next, the parts of the equation that contain 'Division' and 'Multiplication' are calculated, 

Step-4: Last but not least, the parts of the equation that contain 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' should be calculated

126.06 + 181.92 - 229.99 = 65.99 + ?

⇒ 308 - 230 = 66 + ?

⇒ 78 = 66 + ?

⇒ 78 - 66 = ?

∴ ? = 12

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below, 

Step-1: Parts of an equation enclosed in 'Brackets' must be solved first, and in the bracket, 

Step-2: Any mathematical 'Of' or 'Exponent' must be solved next, 

Step-3: Next, the parts of the equation that contain 'Division' and 'Multiplication' are calculated, 

Step-4: Last but not least, the parts of the equation that contain 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' should be calculated

1024 ÷ 128 + 24% of 250 = ?2 + 180 ÷ 45

⇒ 8 + 60 = ?² + 4

⇒ 68 = ?2 + 4

⇒ ?2  = 64

⇒ ? = 8

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below, 

Step-1: Parts of an equation enclosed in 'Brackets' must be solved first, and in the bracket, 

Step-2: Any mathematical 'Of' or 'Exponent' must be solved next, 

Step-3: Next, the parts of the equation that contain 'Division' and 'Multiplication' are calculated, 

Step-4: Last but not least, the parts of the equation that contain 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' should be calculated

45% of 900 + 55% of 700 = 66% of 400 + ?

⇒ 405 + 385 = 264 + ?

⇒ ? = 405 + 385 - 264

⇒ ? = 526

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below, 

Step-1: Parts of an equation enclosed in 'Brackets' must be solved first, and in the bracket, 

Step-2: Any mathematical 'Of' or 'Exponent' must be solved next, 

Step-3: Next, the parts of the equation that contain 'Division' and 'Multiplication' are calculated, 

Step-4: Last but not least, the parts of the equation that contain 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' should be calculated

950 + 50 × 15 - 14 × 22 + √? = 113 + 92

⇒ 950 + 750 - 308 + √? = 1331 + 81

⇒ 1392 + √? = 1412

⇒ √? = 20

⇒ ? = 400

55% of 240 + 83 × 4 – 24 × 8 = ?

⇒ 132 + 512 × 4 – 24 × 8 = ?

⇒ 132 + 512 × 4 – 24 × 8 = ?

⇒ 132 + 2048 – 192 = ?

⇒ 2180 – 192 = ?

∴ ? = 1988

(25 × 30) – (110 × 8) + 670 = ? × 9

⇒ 750 – 880 + 670 = ? × 9

⇒ 1420 – 880 = ? × 9

⇒ 540 = ? × 9

∴ ? = 60

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below, 

Step-1: Parts of an equation enclosed in 'Brackets' must be solved first, and in the bracket, 

Step-2: Any mathematical 'Of' or 'Exponent' must be solved next, 

Step-3: Next, the parts of the equation that contain 'Division' and 'Multiplication' are calculated, 

Step-4: Last but not least, the parts of the equation that contain 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' should be calculated

(96 + 48 × 5) ÷ 24 + 32 = ?

⇒ (96 + 240) ÷ 24 + 32 = ?

⇒ 336 ÷ 24 + 32 = ?

⇒ 14 + 32 = ?

∴ ? = 46

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below, 

Step-1: Parts of an equation enclosed in 'Brackets' must be solved first, and in the bracket, 

Step-2: Any mathematical 'Of' or 'Exponent' must be solved next, 

Step-3: Next, the parts of the equation that contain 'Division' and 'Multiplication' are calculated, 

Step-4: Last but not least, the parts of the equation that contain 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' should be calculated

25% of 480 + 35% of 600 = ? + 40% of 800

⇒ 120 + 210 = ? + 320

⇒ 330 = ? + 320

∴ ? = 10

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below, 

Step-1: Parts of an equation enclosed in 'Brackets' must be solved first, and in the bracket, 

Step-2: Any mathematical 'Of' or 'Exponent' must be solved next, 

Step-3: Next, the parts of the equation that contain 'Division' and 'Multiplication' are calculated, 

Step-4: Last but not least, the parts of the equation that contain 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' should be calculated 

65% of 200 + 35% of 400 = ?

⇒ 130 + 140 = ?

∴ ? = 270

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below, 

Step-1: Parts of an equation enclosed in 'Brackets' must be solved first, and in the bracket, 

Step-2: Any mathematical 'Of' or 'Exponent' must be solved next, 

Step-3: Next, the parts of the equation that contain 'Division' and 'Multiplication' are calculated, 

Step-4: Last but not least, the parts of the equation that contain 'Addition' and 'Subtraction' should be calculated 

45% of 300 - ? = 27 × 40 ÷ 9

⇒ 135 - ? = 120

⇒ 135 - 120 = ?

∴ ? = 15

Given:

132 ÷ 11 - 15 × 8 + 128 = ?

Concept:

Follow BODMAS rule to solve this question, as per the order given below, 

 

Calculation:

132 ÷ 11 - 15 × 8 + 128 = ?

⇒ 12 - 15 × 8 + 128 = ?

⇒ 12 - 120 + 128 = ?

⇒ 12 - 120 + 128 = ?

⇒ 140 - 120 = ?

∴ ? = 20

Shortcut Trick

Principal (P) = ₹2500, Amount (A) = P + CI = 2500 + 749 = ₹3249.

Ratio A/P = 3249/2500 = (57/50)². Since the rate is 14%, multiplier is (1 + 14/100) = 114/100 = 57/50.

Power 2 implies Time (T) = 2 years.

Simple Interest = P × R × T / 100 = 2500 × 7% × 2 = 14% of 2500 = ₹350.

∴ The correct answer is ₹350.

Alternate Method

Given: Principal (P) = ₹2500, CI = ₹749, Rate (R₁) = 14%.

Formula: Amount (A) = P(1 + R/100)^T

⇒ 2500 + 749 = 2500(1 + 14/100)^T

⇒ 3249/2500 = (114/100)^T

⇒ (57/50)² = (57/50)^T ⇒ T = 2 years.

⇒ New Rate (R₂) = 7%.

⇒ Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R₂ × T) / 100

⇒ SI = (2500 × 7 × 2) / 100 = 25 × 14

⇒ SI = ₹350.

∴ The correct answer is ₹350.

Additional Information

Compound Interest vs Simple Interest

For the first year (if compounded annually), SI and CI are equal. From the second year, CI > SI because interest is earned on previous interest.

Difference for 2 Years

The difference between CI and SI for 2 years is given by the formula: Difference = P(R/100)².

Effective Rate of Interest

The effective annual rate for CI for 2 years is x + y + (xy/100)%. For 14% it is 14 + 14 + (196/100) = 29.96%.

Shortcut Trick

Using M₁D₁ = M₂D₂: a(a − 19) = (a − 9)(a − 15)

a² − 19a = a² − 24a + 135 ⇒ 5a = 135 ⇒ a = 27

Total Work = 27 × (27 − 19) = 216 units

For twice the job (432 units) in 54 days: M = 432 ÷ 54 = 8

∴ The correct answer is 8 persons.

Alternate Method

Given: Case 1: a persons in (a − 19) days. Case 2: (a − 9) persons in (a − 15) days.

Formula Used: M₁ × D₁ / W₁ = M₂ × D₂ / W₂

⇒ a × (a − 19) = (a − 9) × (a − 15)

⇒ a² − 19a = a² − 15a − 9a + 135

⇒ a² − 19a = a² − 24a + 135

⇒ 24a − 19a = 135

⇒ 5a = 135 ⇒ a = 27

⇒ Total Work (W) = 27 × (27 − 19) = 27 × 8 = 216 units

⇒ New Work = 2 × 216 = 432 units

⇒ Number of persons = New Work ÷ Days = 432 ÷ 54

⇒ Number of persons = 8

∴ The correct answer is 8 persons.

Additional Information

Chain Rule Formula

The general formula is (M₁ × D₁ × H₁) / W₁ = (M₂ × D₂ × H₂) / W₂, where M is men, D is days, H is hours, and W is work.

Work and Efficiency

Total work is directly proportional to the number of persons and time taken, assuming constant efficiency per person.

Inverse Proportion

For a constant amount of work, the number of persons required is inversely proportional to the number of days taken.

Shortcut Trick

New Average = Runs in last innings − [(Total innings − 1) × Increase in average]

New Average = 160 − [15 × 5]

New Average = 160 − 75 = 85 runs

∴ The correct answer is 85 runs.

Alternate Method

Given: Runs in 16^th innings = 160, Increase in average = 5.

Formula: Average = Total Runs ÷ Number of Innings

⇒ Let the average after 15 innings be x.

⇒ Total runs after 15 innings = 15 × x = 15x

⇒ Total runs after 16 innings = 15x + 160

⇒ New average = x + 5

⇒ Total runs = 16 × (x + 5) = 16x + 80

⇒ 15x + 160 = 16x + 80

⇒ 16x − 15x = 160 − 80

⇒ x = 80

⇒ Average after 16 innings = x + 5 = 80 + 5 = 85

∴ The correct answer is 85 runs.

Additional Information

Average Change Formula

New Average = Old Average + Change in Average. Also, Total increase = Number of terms × Increase in Average.

Batting Average

In cricket, batting average is Total Runs scored ÷ Number of times the batsman got out (usually treated as total innings in basic math problems).

Weighted Average

When two groups are combined, the new average A = (n₁A₁ + n₂A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Length (L) × Breadth (B) = 8 × 7 = 56 units².

Value of 1 unit² = 224 ÷ 56 = 4.

Value of 1 unit = √4 = 2 cm.

Perimeter = 2 × (8 + 7) units = 2 × 15 units = 30 units.

Perimeter = 30 × 2 = 60 cm.

∴ The correct answer is 60 cm.

Alternate Method

Given:

Ratio of Length (L) to Breadth (B) = 8 : 7

Area of rectangle = 224 cm²

Formula Used:

Area = Length × Breadth

Perimeter = 2 × (Length + Breadth)

Calculations:

⇒ Let Length = 8x and Breadth = 7x

⇒ Area = 8x × 7x = 56x²

⇒ 56x² = 224

⇒ x² = 224 ÷ 56 = 4

⇒ x = √4 = 2

⇒ Length = 8 × 2 = 16 cm

⇒ Breadth = 7 × 2 = 14 cm

⇒ Perimeter = 2 × (16 + 14) = 2 × 30

⇒ Perimeter = 60 cm

∴ The correct answer is 60 cm.

Additional Information

Area and Perimeter of Rectangle

The Area is the product of adjacent sides (L × B), while Perimeter is the total boundary length 2(L + B).

Diagonal of Rectangle

The length of the diagonal (d) can be found using the Pythagorean theorem: d = √(L² + B²).

Square as a Special Case

When length equals breadth (L = B = a), the rectangle becomes a square with Area = a² and Perimeter = 4a.

Shortcut Trick

Let Total Distance XY be 20 units (LCM of 4 and 10).

Speed of A = 20 ÷ 10 = 2 units/hr.

Combined Speed (A + B) = 20 ÷ 4 = 5 units/hr.

Speed of B = 5 − 2 = 3 units/hr.

Time taken by B = 20 ÷ 3 = 6.67 hr.

∴ The correct answer is 6.67 hr.

Alternate Method

Given: Time for A to cover XY = 10 hr, Meeting time = 4 hr.

Formula Used: Speed = Distance ÷ Time; Relative Speed = S_A + S_B.

⇒ Let Distance XY = D.

⇒ Speed of Train A (S_A) = D/10.

⇒ In 4 hours, Train A covers distance = 4 × (D/10) = 0.4D.

⇒ In the same 4 hours, Train B covers the remaining distance = D − 0.4D = 0.6D.

⇒ Speed of Train B (S_B) = 0.6D / 4 = 0.15D.

⇒ Time taken by B to travel XY = D / 0.15D = 100/15 hr.

⇒ Time = 6.67 hr.

∴ The correct answer is 6.67 hr.

Additional Information

Relative Speed Concept

When two objects move towards each other, their Relative Speed is the sum of their individual speeds (S₁ + S₂).

Time and Distance Relation

For a constant distance, Speed is inversely proportional to Time (S ∝ 1/T). Ratio of speeds S_A:S_B is equal to the ratio of times T_B:T_A.

Meeting Point Formula

Meeting Time = (Total Distance) ÷ (Relative Speed). This applies when both start at the same time.

Shortcut Trick

Marks obtained = 30% of 150 = 45 marks.

Additional marks gained = 10% of present marks = 10% of 45 = 4.5 marks.

New total marks = 45 + 4.5 = 49.5 marks.

Since he passes by 1.5 marks at 49.5, Passing Marks = 49.5 − 1.5 = 48 marks.

∴ The correct answer is 48 marks.

Alternate Method

Given:

Maximum Marks = 150

Initial Score % = 30%

Increase % = 10% of present marks

Calculations:

⇒ Present marks = (30 ÷ 100) × 150 = 45 marks

⇒ Increase in marks = 10% of 45 = (10 ÷ 100) × 45 = 4.5 marks

⇒ Total marks obtained after increase = 45 + 4.5 = 49.5 marks

⇒ Passing marks = New marks − Surplus marks

⇒ Passing marks = 49.5 − 1.5 = 48 marks

∴ The correct answer is 48 marks.

Additional Information

Percentage Increase

To increase a value by x%, multiply the value by (1 + x/100). In this case, 10% more of 45 is 45 × 1.1 = 49.5.

Passing Percentage Formula

Passing Percentage = (Passing Marks ÷ Maximum Marks) × 100. For this problem, it would be (48 ÷ 150) × 100 = 32%.

Persons – 10; L, M, N, O, P, S, T, U, W and Z;

Row 1, South – L, M, N, O, and P; Row 2, North – S, T, U, W and Z;

1. Number of persons to the right of S is two less than the number of persons to the left of P and S does not sit at the end of the row.

 

2. Z faces the one who sits third to the right of N.
3. N faces U.

    From this we get the possible arrangements as follows.

 

4. Only one person sits between W and T.
5. M faces either T or Z and sits second to the left of O.

     From this case 1 and 1a are eliminated as we cannot place W and T. Thus, the final arrangement is as follows.

Hence, L sits third to the left of O.

Persons – 10; L, M, N, O, P, S, T, U, W and Z;

Row 1, South – L, M, N, O, and P; Row 2, North – S, T, U, W and Z;

1. Number of persons to the right of S is two less than the number of persons to the left of P and S does not sit at the end of the row.

 

2. Z faces the one who sits third to the right of N.
3. N faces U.

    From this we get the possible arrangements as follows.

 

4. Only one person sits between W and T.
5. M faces either T or Z and sits second to the left of O.

     From this case 1 and 1a are eliminated as we cannot place W and T. Thus, the final arrangement is as follows.

Hence, U sits at the end.

Persons – 10; L, M, N, O, P, S, T, U, W and Z;

Row 1, South – L, M, N, O, and P; Row 2, North – S, T, U, W and Z;

1. Number of persons to the right of S is two less than the number of persons to the left of P and S does not sit at the end of the row.

 

2. Z faces the one who sits third to the right of N.
3. N faces U.

    From this we get the possible arrangements as follows.

 

4. Only one person sits between W and T.
5. M faces either T or Z and sits second to the left of O.

     From this case 1 and 1a are eliminated as we cannot place W and T. Thus, the final arrangement is as follows.

Hence, P faces the one who sits second to the left of S.

Persons – 10; L, M, N, O, P, S, T, U, W and Z;

Row 1, South – L, M, N, O, and P; Row 2, North – S, T, U, W and Z;

1. Number of persons to the right of S is two less than the number of persons to the left of P and S does not sit at the end of the row.

 

2. Z faces the one who sits third to the right of N.
3. N faces U.

    From this we get the possible arrangements as follows.

 

4. Only one person sits between W and T.
5. M faces either T or Z and sits second to the left of O.

     From this case 1 and 1a are eliminated as we cannot place W and T. Thus, the final arrangement is as follows.

Hence, W faces O.

Persons – 10; L, M, N, O, P, S, T, U, W and Z;

Row 1, South – L, M, N, O, and P; Row 2, North – S, T, U, W and Z;

1. Number of persons to the right of S is two less than the number of persons to the left of P and S does not sit at the end of the row.

 

2. Z faces the one who sits third to the right of N.
3. N faces U.

    From this we get the possible arrangements as follows.

 

4. Only one person sits between W and T.
5. M faces either T or Z and sits second to the left of O.

     From this case 1 and 1a are eliminated as we cannot place W and T. Thus, the final arrangement is as follows.

Hence, two persons sit to the right of T.

Venn diagram for the given question as follows

Conclusions

I. All Mobile being Laptop is a possibility - False (As, Only a few Mobile is Laptop is given which means Some Mobile are Laptop and Some Mobile are not Laptop thus All Mobile can never be part of Laptop, so the possibility is false).

II. Some Electric can never be Laptop - True (Given Some Electric is Wire and No Laptop is Wire thus Some Electric which are Wire can never be Laptop)

Hence, Only II follows.

The least possible Venn Diagram of the given Statements is:-

Conclusions:

I. At least some computers are not copies → True (As all laptops are computers and some books are laptops, So some computers are also books. The part of computer which is books can never be copies as no books are copies)

II. At least some computers are copies → False (As all laptops are computers and some books are laptops, So some computers are also books. The part of computer which is books can never be copies as no books are copies, So the statement is false)

Hence, Only I follow.

The Venn diagram for the given statement is as follows

 Conclusions:

I All Red being Green is a possibility → False (Given that some Red is Yellow and No Yellow is Green thus Some Red is also not Green)

II Some Pink can be Red → True (There is no direct relation given between Red and Pink thus the part of the Pink which is not Green can be Red so Some Pink can be Red follows )

Hence, Only II follows.

Additional Information

1. Some X are Y means some part of the X circle is within the Y circle.
2.  No X is Y means circle X and Y are not intersecting at all.
3. All X is Y means the whole circle X lies within the Y circle.
4. If there is no exact conclusion for the given statements then the possibility case arises.

The least possible Venn Diagram of the statements is as follows:-

Conclusions:

I. Some Computers are not Laptops → False (If all Laptops are Computers then some Computers are not Laptops are possible but not definite).

II. Some Mobiles are not Laptops → False (If all Laptops are Mobiles then some Mobiles are not Laptops are possible but not definite).

Hence, Neither I nor II follows.

TIPS TO REMEMBER:

1. Some X are Y means some part of the X circle is within the Y circle. 2.  No X is Y means circle X and Y are not intersecting at all.
2. All X is Y means the whole circle X lies within the Y circle.
3. If there is no exact conclusion for the given statements then the possibility case arises.
4. If Only X is Y means all Y is X.
5. Only a few:- Some + Some not.

Code for girls: pb

Code for are: tf

Code for classy: sf

The code for girls are classy is: pb tf sf.

Code for beautiful: ba or sa

Code for nice: ag

Code for good: Either nf or gd.

The correct answer for the code of "beautiful nice good" is Either Option 2 or 3.

Word for na: Either boys, but, not, cute.

Word for st: Either boys, but, not, cute.

Word for sf: classy

The correct answer is None of these.

Code for tf: are

Code for nt: sweet

Code for pb: girls

Hence, the correct answer is "are girls sweet".

Code for nf: dating/good.

Hence, Either dating or good is the correct answer.

8 boxes: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H.

1. C is placed just above G. G is the bottommost box. There are four boxes placed between D and G.

 

2. Two boxes are placed between B and G. Number of boxes between A and G is same as between H and B. H is placed above B. 

 

3. Two boxes are placed between F and D. There are at least 2 boxes between E and B.

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Hence, Box H is the topmost.

8 boxes: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H.

1. C is placed just above G. G is the bottom most box. There are four boxes placed between D and G.

 

2. Two boxes are placed between B and G. Number of boxes between A and G is same as between H and B. H is placed above B. 

 

3. Two boxes are placed between F and D. There are at least 2 boxes between E and B.

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Hence, 3 boxes are placed between E and F.

8 boxes: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H.

1. C is placed just above G. G is the bottommost box. There are four boxes placed between D and G.

 

2. Two boxes are placed between B and G. Number of boxes between A and G is same as between H and B. H is placed above B. 

 

3. Two boxes are placed between F and D. There are at least 2 boxes between E and B.

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Hence, the box E is placed between H and D

8 boxes: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H.

1. C is placed just above G. G is the bottommost box. There are four boxes placed between D and G.

 

2. Two boxes are placed between B and G. Number of boxes between A and G is same as between H and B. H is placed above B. 

 

3. Two boxes are placed between F and D. There are at least 2 boxes between E and B.

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Hence, the box D is placed immediately above A.

8 boxes: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H.

1. C is placed just above G. G is the bottommost box. There are four boxes placed between D and G.

 

2. Two boxes are placed between B and G. Number of boxes between A and G is same as between H and B. H is placed above B. 

 

3. Two boxes are placed between F and D. There are at least 2 boxes between E and B.

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Hence, the box C is placed immediately below F.