RRB NTPC CBT-I Official Paper (Held On: 11 Feb 2021 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Maharashtra

Key Points

• Karla caves are complex ancient Indian Buddhist rock-cut cave shrines located in Karli near Lonavala, Maharashtra.
• The oldest of the shrines is dated back to 160BC.
• It is the region that marks the division between North and South India.
• Now, the cave complex is a protected monument under the Archaeological Survey of India.

Additional Information

The correct answer is March 1946

Key Points Cabinet Mission:

• The Cabinet Mission came to India with the objective to discuss the transfer of powers from the British government to the Indian leadership.
• The aim is to safeguard India's unity and grant its independence.
• Cabinet Mission was a high-powered mission sent by the Atlee Government (British Prime Minister) that arrived in India in 24th March 1946.
• The mission had three British cabinet members – Pethick Lawrence, Stafford Cripps, & and A.V. Alexander.
• Clement Atlee (British Prime Minister) decided to send a mission to India for the transfer of powers from the British Indian government to Indian leaders.

Additional Information

Objectives:

• To obtain an agreement with the Indian leaders as to the framing of a constitution for India.
• To formulate a constitution-making body (the Constituent Assembly of India).
• To establish an Executive Council with the support of the major Indian parties.

Reason for failure:

• The Congress Party wanted a strong centre with minimum powers for the provinces.
• The Muslim League wanted strong political safeguards for the Muslims like parity in the legislatures.
• Since both parties had many ideological differences and could not find common ground, the mission came up with its own set of proposals in May 1946.

The correct answer is Andhra Pradesh

Key Points

• In 2019, Andhra Pradesh made a significant move by appointing five Deputy Chief Ministers.
• This was a first-of-its-kind decision in the state's history, made by Chief Minister Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy.
• The five Deputy Chief Ministers were appointed to represent various communities, ensuring inclusivity and social justice in governance.
• These Deputy Chief Ministers were:
• Pamula Pushpa Sreevani (Tribal Welfare)
• Alla Kali Krishna Srinivas (Health and Family Welfare)
• K Narayana Swamy (Excise and Commercial Taxes)
• Amzath Basha Shaik Bepari (Minority Welfare)
• Ch. Venugopala Krishna (Revenue)

Additional Information

• A deputy minister works under a cabinet minister, who is a senior minister in charge of a policy portfolio.
• A deputy minister may also be a junior minister who assists a cabinet minister.
• In some cases, a deputy minister may be a cabinet minister who acts on behalf of a more senior cabinet minister.
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was the first Deputy Prime Minister of India.
• He served from 1947 until his death in 1950.
• Patel was a prominent leader of the Indian National Congress party.
• He is known as the "Father of Fundamental Rights in India".

Given: 

1) A and B are brothers, and their maternal uncles are C and D.

2) E is D's wife and the sister-in-law of F. 

3) F is the only daughter of G.

4) G is B's maternal grandmother.

So, F is A's mother.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is NHPC

Key Points

• As of October 2020, NHPC (National Hydroelectric Power Corporation) is NOT classified as a Maharatna company.
• It is an Indian public sector hydropower company that was incorporated in 1975 to plan
• It holds the status of a Miniratna Category-I company.
• The Maharatna status is granted to Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) that meet certain criteria, including high turnover, profitability, and global presence.
• This status allows the enterprises greater autonomy in decision-making and investments, enhancing their operational flexibility.

Additional Information List of Maharatna's: 

• Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited.
• Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited.
• Coal India Limited.
• Gas Authority of India Limited.
• Hindusthan Petroleum Corporation Limited.
• Indian Oil Corporation Limited.
• National Thermal Corporation Limited.
• Oil and Natural Gas Corporation.
• Power Grid Corporation of India.
• Steel Authority of India Limited.
• Power Finance Corporation Limited.

The correct answer is RBI

Key Points

• Reserve Bank of India is the controlling authority of money supply in India.
• The basic functions of the bank have been described in the Preamble of the Reserve Bank of India as follows:
• To regulate the issue of banknotes, maintain reserves with a view to achieving monetary stability in India and operate the currency and credit system in the interest of the country in general.
• Formulate, implement and monitor monetary policy.
• To regulate and supervise the financial system.
• Managing foreign exchange.
• Issuing, exchanging currency and destroying them when they are no longer operational.

Thus, the correct answer is Reserve Bank of India.

Additional Information 

• Reserve Bank of India
• The Reserve Bank of India is the central bank of India.
• It is the operator of all the banks in India.
• Reserve Bank controls the economy of India.
• It was established on 1 April 1935 as per the Reserve Bank of India Act 1934​.
• Initially, its headquarter was in Kolkata, which shifted to Mumbai in 1937.
• Earlier it was a private bank but since 1949 it has become a Government of India undertaking.​

The correct answer is an executive who is dependent on the support of the majority in the parliament

Key Points

• A parliamentary executive is an executive that is dependent on the support of the majority in the parliament.
• It can also mean an executive that is elected by the parliament or where the parliament functions as the executive.
• In a parliamentary system, the head of government is accountable to the legislature and derives their legitimacy from the support of the majority in the legislature.
• The legislature has the power to exercise political and financial control over the executive.

Additional Information Some of the features of a parliamentary form of government are:

• ​The Prime Minister along with the Council of Ministers form the executive and the Parliament is the legislature.
• The PM and the ministers are elected from the members of parliament, implying that the executive emerges out of the legislature.
• The executive is responsible to the legislature.
• There is a collective responsibility, that is, each minister’s responsibility is the responsibility of the whole Council.
• Most parliamentary democracies follow bicameral legislature.
• The term of the government depends on its majority support in the lower house. If the government does not win a vote of no confidence, the council of ministers has to resign. Elections will be held and a new government is formed

The correct answer is depth of the sea

Key Points

• Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation to navigate, communicate, or detect objects under the surface of the water.
• It is commonly used to locate underwater hills and ice-bergs, and to determine the depth of the sea.
• SONAR sends out ultrasonic sound waves
• The sound waves bounce off underwater objects
• The time it takes for the sound waves to return is measured
• The distance to the object is calculated using the speed of sound and the time it took for the sound to return

Additional Information

• Sonar systems are divided into two types: active sonar and passive sonar.
• Active sonar emits sound pulses and listens for echoes, while passive sonar listens for sound waves emitted by other sources.
• The use of sonar technology is critical in various fields such as marine biology, underwater exploration, and naval warfare.
• Sonar technology has advanced significantly, allowing for more precise and efficient detection and mapping of underwater environments.

Given:

Numbers between 500 and 700

Formula used:

Number divisible by k within range [a, b] = $\left\lfloor \dfrac{b}{k} \right\rfloor - \left\lfloor \dfrac{a-1}{k} \right\rfloor$

Calculation:

k = 11, a = 501, b = 699

⇒ $\left\lfloor \dfrac{699}{11} \right\rfloor - \left\lfloor \dfrac{500}{11} \right\rfloor$

⇒ $\left\lfloor 63.5454 \right\rfloor - \left\lfloor 45.4545 \right\rfloor$

⇒ 63 - 45 = 18

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

The correct answer is 10th December 1948.

Key Points

• The Declaration was adopted by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 during its 183rd plenary meeting. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• It is a milestone document in the history of human rights.
• It is drafted by representatives from different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world.
• It declares that human rights are universal – to be enjoyed by all people, no matter who they are or where they live.

Additional Information

• The Universal Declaration includes civil and political rights, like the right to life, liberty, free speech, and privacy. It also includes economic, social, and cultural rights, like the right to social security, health, and education.
• Please note that the Universal Declaration is not a treaty, so it does not directly create legal obligations for countries.
• Human Rights:
• These are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status.
• These include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more.
• Nelson Mandela had stated ‘To deny people their human rights is to challenge their very humanity.

The correct answer is Petabyte

Key Points

• The largest unit of memory is Petabyte.
• Petabyte (PB) is the largest unit, representing massive amounts of data storage typically used in fields like data centers, cloud storage, and large-scale computing environments.
• A petabyte is a measure of memory or data storage capacity that is equal to 2 to the 50th power of bytes.
• A petabyte is 1,000 times larger than a terabyte

Additional Information

• Byte: The basic unit of digital information storage.
• Kilobyte (KB): 1 Kilobyte = 1,024 Bytes.
• Megabyte (MB): 1 Megabyte = 1,024 Kilobytes.
• Gigabyte (GB): 1 Gigabyte = 1,024 Megabytes.
• Terabyte (TB): 1 Terabyte = 1,024 Gigabytes.

Given:

The equation of the line is 2x - 4y - 7 = 0

Formula used:

The area of the triangle formed by a line with the coordinate axes is given by:

Area = $\dfrac{1}{2} \times |x\text{-intercept}| \times |y\text{-intercept}|$

Calculation:

To find the x-intercept, set y = 0 in the line equation:

2x - 4(0) - 7 = 0

⇒ 2x - 7 = 0

⇒ 2x = 7

⇒ x = 7/2

To find the y-intercept, set x = 0 in the line equation:

2(0) - 4y - 7 = 0

⇒ -4y - 7 = 0

⇒ -4y = 7

⇒ y = -7/4

Since the intercepts are positive distances, use their magnitudes:

Area = $\dfrac{1}{2} \times \left| \dfrac{7}{2} \right| \times \left| \dfrac{7}{4} \right|$

⇒ Area = $\dfrac{1}{2} \times \dfrac{7}{2} \times \dfrac{7}{4}$

⇒ Area = $\dfrac{1}{2} \times \dfrac{49}{8}$

⇒ Area = $\dfrac{49}{16}$ unit2

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

The correct answer is The Human Right Council

Key Points

• The Human Right Council is not an organ of the United Nations (UN).
• It was established in 2006 to replace the Commission on Human Rights.
• The Human Rights Council has 47 members
• Members are elected by the United Nations General Assembly for three-year terms
• Membership is based on equitable geographical distribution
• The Council meets at the United Nations Office at Geneva (UNOG) in Switzerland​
• The six principal organs of the UN are: 
• General Assembly
• Security Council
• Economic and Social Council
• Trusteeship Council
• International Court of Justice
• Secretariat

Additional Information

• The UN also has subsidiary organs that can be established as needed.
• The UN is an international organization that works to maintain world peace and security.
• The UN's main organs were established in 1945 when the UN was founded.
• The Trusteeship Council suspended its operations in 1994 and is no longer active.
• The UN's headquarters are in New York, with the exception of the International Court of Justice, which is located in The Hague, the Netherlands.

The correct answer is 1937

Key Points

• The first election for the provincial legislatures in British India was held in the year 1937.
• The elections were held in 1937 after the enactment of the Government of India Act, 1935
• These elections were held to establish responsible governments in provinces, which marked a significant step towards self-governance during the British rule.
• Various political parties participated, including the Indian National Congress, the Muslim League, the Communist Party of India, and regional parties like the Swatantra Party and Sikhs' Akali Dal.

Additional Information

• The Indian National Congress emerged in power in eight of the provinces - the three exceptions being Bengal, Punjab, and Sindh.
• The All-India Muslim League failed to form the government in any province.

The correct answer is July

Key Points

• According to the laws of Johannes Kepler, all planets in the Solar system have elliptical orbits with the Sun at one of the focal points.
• Now due to this reason at times, Earth will be closer to the sun and at times it will drift far away from the sun.​
• Aphelion, in astronomy, is the point in the orbit of a planet, comet, or other body most distant from the Sun.
• When Earth is at its aphelion in early July, it is about 4,800,000 km (3,000,000 miles) farther from the Sun than when at its perihelion in early January.

​

Additional Information

• The elliptical orbit of the earth around the sun is the cause for aphelion and perihelion.
• Another cause for this perihelion and aphelion may be the 23.5-degree tilt of the axis of Earth. This tilt results in the changing of the seasons.
• Earth's Perihelion and Aphelion:
• The Earth is closest to the Sun, or at the Perihelion, about 2 weeks after the December Solstice, when it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere.
• Conversely, the Earth is farthest away from the Sun, at the Aphelion point, 2 weeks after the June Solstice, when the Northern Hemisphere is enjoying warm summer months.
• Mathematicians and astronomers estimate that in the year 6430, over 4000 years from now, the timing of the Perihelion and the March Equinox will coincide.
• Perigee and Apogee:
• Like the Earth's orbit around the Sun, the Moon's path around the Earth is elliptical.
• The point in the Moon's orbit that is closest to the Earth is called the Perigee and the point farthest from the Earth is known as the Apogee.
• The terms are also sometimes used interchangeably with the Earth's Perihelion and Aphelion.
• Perihelion: The Earth reaches its perihelion on January 3 every year at a distance of about 147 million km from the Sun.

The correct answer is Presbyopia.

Key Points

• The defect of vision in human beings in which the power of accommodation of the eye decreases with aging and the near point gradually recedes away is known as Presbyopia.
• Presbyopia:
• ​The power of accommodation of the eye usually decreases with aging.
• For most people, the near point gradually recedes away.
• They find it difficult to see nearby objects comfortably and distinctly without corrective eyeglasses.
• This defect is called Presbyopia. It arises due to the gradual weakening of the ciliary muscles and diminishing flexibility of the eye lens.
• Sometimes, a person may suffer from both myopia and hypermetropia.
• Such people often require bifocal lenses.

Additional Information

• Hypermetropia:
• Long-sightedness, also known as hypermetropia or hyperopia is a common vision disorder.
• It results from the overall power of the eye not being strong enough, or the length of the eye being too short.
• A surgical correction is a treatment option for hypermetropia, including laser eye surgery and clear lens exchange.
• This defect can be corrected by using a convex lens of appropriate power.
• Myopia:
• ​Nearsightedness (myopia) is a common vision condition in which you can see objects near to you clearly, but objects farther away are blurry.
• It occurs when the shape of your eye causes light rays to bend (refract) incorrectly, focusing images in front of your retina instead of on your retina.

Given:

The ratio of red and blue balls = 4 ∶ 5

Total number of balls = 81

Formula used:

If the ratio of red balls to blue balls is 4 ∶ 5, then the number of red balls can be represented as 4x and the number of blue balls as 5x.

Therefore, the total number of balls = 4x + 5x = 9x

Calculation:

Given, total number of balls = 81

⇒ 9x = 81

⇒ x = 81 ÷ 9

⇒ x = 9

Number of blue balls = 5x

⇒ 5 × 9

⇒ 45

∴ The correct answer is option 3.

Given:

A train is travelling at the rate of 45 km/h.

Distance to cover = $\dfrac{4}{5} km$

Formula used:

Time = $\dfrac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Speed}}$

Calculation:

Speed = 45 km/h

Distance = $\dfrac{4}{5} km$

Time = $\dfrac{\frac{4}{5}}{45} \text{hours}$

⇒ Time = $\dfrac{4}{5} \times \dfrac{1}{45} hours$

⇒ Time = $\dfrac{4}{225} hours$

⇒ Time = $\dfrac{4}{225} \times 3600 seconds$  (since 1 hour = 3600 seconds)

⇒ Time = $\dfrac{4 \times 3600}{225}$ seconds

⇒ Time = 64 seconds

∴ The correct answer is option 1.

The logic followed here is:

Hence, "Option 4" is the correct answer.

Given:

The sum of squares of the first ten natural numbers is:

Formula used:

Sum of squares of first n natural numbers = n(n + 1)(2n + 1) / 6

Calculation:

Sum of squares of first 10 natural numbers = 10(10 + 1)(2×10 + 1) / 6

⇒ Sum = 10 × 11 × 21 / 6

⇒ Sum = 2310 / 6

⇒ Sum = 385

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

Given:

Words typed per minute = 35 words

Total words to type = 987 words

Formula used:

Time = $\dfrac{\text{Total words}}{\text{Words per minute}}$

Calculations:

Time = $\dfrac{987}{35}$

⇒ Time = 28.2 minutes

⇒ Time = 28 minutes and 0.2 × 60 seconds

⇒ Time = 28 minutes and 12 seconds

∴ The correct answer is option (4).

Given: Six family members, A, B, C, D, E and F, are working as a team on a family project of renovating a house. Each person has been given a single task. 

1) A is B's son and is the charge of 'flooring'.

2. B is C's sister and is in charge of 'water issues'. 

Family tree:

3) C is D's wife and is in charge of 'electrical work'.

4) F, who is D's brother, is in charge of 'roof'.

Family tree:

5. D is in charge of 'foundation related work' and his son E is in charge of 'interior decoration'.

Family tree:

Thus, according to the final arrangement, Interior decoration of the house is assigned to A's cousin i.e. E.

Hence, "Option 1" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 2019-20

Key Points

• The 'Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi' (PM-KISAN) scheme was officially announced during the 2019-20 Union Budget by the Government of India.
• Under this initiative, financial assistance of ₹6,000 per year is provided to eligible small and marginal farmers in three equal installments directly into their bank accounts.
• Over time, the scheme has been expanded, including an increase in financial assistance and the inclusion of more farmers.
• Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) is that it aims to provide financial support to farmers to meet their agricultural expenses, including the cost of seeds, fertilizers, and other inputs, helping improve their overall income and livelihoods.

Additional Information

• Department of Economic Affairs under the Ministry of Finance has been entrusted with the responsibility of preparation and presentation of the Union Budget to Parliament.
• It formulates and monitors the country's economic policies and programs having a bearing on domestic and international aspects of economic management.
• Headquarters - New Delhi
• Ministry - Ministry of Finance
• Finance Minister - Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman (As of July 2022)
• The Union Budget is also referred to as the Annual Financial Statement in Article 112 of the Constitution of India.
• It is the annual budget of the Republic of India.

Given:

Cost Price (CP) = ₹1,200

Repair Cost = ₹300

Selling Price (SP) = ₹2,000

Formula used:

Profit Percentage = $\dfrac{Profit}{Cost Price} \times 100$

Calculations:

Total Cost Price (CP) = ₹1,200 + ₹300 = ₹1,500

Selling Price (SP) = ₹2,000

Profit = SP - CP

⇒ Profit = ₹2,000 - ₹1,500 = ₹500

Profit Percentage = $\dfrac{₹500}{₹1,500} \times 100$

⇒ Profit Percentage = $\dfrac{500}{1500} \times 100$

⇒ Profit Percentage = 33¹/₃%

∴ The correct answer is option (2).

The correct Dictionary order is:

2. Aback
3. Abide
4. Abode
5. Aboriginal

So, the last word in the English Dictionary will be: Aboriginal.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is 5 hours 30 minutes.

Key Points

• Indian Standard Time (IST) is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
• In India, the longitude of 82.5^° E is treated as the Standard Meridian. The local time at the meridian is taken as the Standard Time for the whole country. It is known as the Indian Standard Time (IST).
• The Prime Meridian is a 0^° and is known as the Greenwich line as it passes through Greenwich near London, where the British Royal Observatory is located.
• Longitudes have one very important function i.e. they determine Local Time in relation to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
• Local Time is the time reckoned by the noon-sun at a given place and Standard Time is the Local Time of the Standard Meridian of a country.

Additional Information

Given:

Principal (P) = ₹6,000

Rate (r) = 4% per year

Time (t) = 7 years

Formula used:

Simple Interest (SI) = $\dfrac{P \times r \times t}{100}$

Calculation:

SI = $\dfrac{6000 \times 4 \times 7}{100}$

⇒ SI = $\dfrac{168000}{100}$

⇒ SI = ₹1680

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

The logic followed here is:

'MUFASA' is written as 'UMAFAS'

Similarly,

'SONNET' is written as

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

Given Statement: Opening of a few more hospitals is crucial in the village X.

Now, 

Assumptions:

1. The number of hospitals in the village X is not enough to meet the needs of its inhabitants. - Implicit (The statement implies that more hospitals are needed, suggesting that the current number is insufficient.) 2. Having more hospitals will aid in the increasing needs of healthcare institutes in the village X. - Not Implicit (The statement does not explicitly mention the increasing needs of healthcare institutes, but rather focuses on the necessity of more hospitals.)

Here, Only assumption I is implicit.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given:

If y = 26, then what is the value of y√(y³ - y²)?

Formula used:

y√(y³ - y²)

Calculation:

y√(y³ - y²)

y = 26

⇒ 26√(26³ - 26²)

⇒ 26√(17576 - 676)

⇒ 26√16900

⇒ 26 × 130

⇒ 3380

∴ The correct answer is option 3.

Given:

tan θ = b/a

Formula used:

a cos θ + b sin θ

a cos θ - b sin θ

Calculations:

$\frac{a \space cos\space\theta \space+\space b\space sin\space \theta }{a \space cos\space\theta \space-\space b\space sin\space \theta }=$

$= \frac{{a + b\tan\theta}}{{a - b\tan\theta}}$

[Dividing numerator and denominator by cos θ]

$= \frac{{a + b\tan\theta}}{{a - b\tan\theta}}$

$\left[ {We;know;that;\tan \theta = \frac{{\sin \theta }}{{\cos \theta }}} \right]$

$= \frac{{{a} + b \times \frac{b}{a}}}{{a} - b\times \frac{b}{a}}$

[Putting tan θ = b/a]

$= \frac{{{a^2} + {b^2}}}{{{a^2} - {b^2}}}$

The correct answer is Option 1.

Given:

18 - [6 - {4 - (8 - 6 + 3)}]

Formula used:

Follow the order of operations (BODMAS/BIDMAS): Brackets, Orders (i.e., powers and square roots, etc.), Division, Multiplication, Addition, and Subtraction.

Calculation:

18 - [6 - {4 - (8 - 6 + 3)}]

⇒ 18 - [6 - {4 - (5)}]

⇒ 18 - [6 - {4 - 5}]

⇒ 18 - [6 - (-1)]

⇒ 18 - [6 + 1]

⇒ 18 - 7

⇒ 11

∴ The correct answer is option 3.

Given:

Equation of the circle: x² + y² - 6x + 8y + c = 0

Radius (r) = 6

Formula used:

Standard form of the circle: (x - h)² + (y - k)² = r²

Where center (h, k) and radius r

Calculations:

Complete the square:

x² - 6x + y² + 8y + c = 0

x² - 6x + 9 + y² + 8y + 16 + c = 0 + 9 + 16

(x - 3)² + (y + 4)² + c = 25

⇒ (x - 3)² + (y + 4)² = 36

⇒ c - 25 = -36

⇒ c = -11

∴ The correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is HC Mookherjee

Key Points

• Harendra Coomar Mookerjee was elected as the Vice-President of the Constituent Assembly on December 11, 1946.
• The constitutional advisor to the constituent assembly was B. N Rao.
• The constituent assembly adopted the Indian constitution on 26th November 1949.
• B.R. Ambedkar was the chairman of the drafting committee.
• G. V. Mavlankar was the first speaker of the Lok Sabha.

Additional Information

• The Constituent Assembly was formed for the creation of the Indian Constitution.
• The Constituent Assembly was formed in July 1946 based on the recommendations of the Cabinet Mission.
• As a prominent leader of congress, Shri Rajendra Prasad worked with Mahatma Gandhi and other leaders.
• Rajendra Prasad worked as the longest-serving President of India (1950 to 1962).
• Rajendra Prasad was elected as the first President of India on 26th January 1950.

Given:

Radius of circle = 4 cm

Diameter of circle = 2 × 4 = 8 cm

Formula used:

Area of square = $1\over2$ × (diagonal)²

Calculation:

The diagonal of a square = Diameter of a circle

⇒ The diagonal of a square = 8 cm

Now,

Area of square = $1\over2$ × (diagonal)2

⇒ Area of square = $1\over2$ × 8²

⇒ Area of square = $1\over2$ × 64

Area of square = 32 cm².

Hence, the correct answer is 32 sq. cm².

Given:

A father is 3 times as old as his son today. After 13 years, the father will be twice as old as his son.

Formula used:

Let the present age of the son be x years.

The present age of the father = 3x years.

After 13 years:

The age of the son = x + 13

The age of the father = 3x + 13

According to the problem:

3x + 13 = 2(x + 13)

Calculations:

3x + 13 = 2(x + 13)

⇒ 3x + 13 = 2x + 26

⇒ 3x - 2x = 26 - 13

⇒ x = 13

∴ The correct answer is option (1).

The correct answer is Jute.

Key Points

• Jute:  
• Jute is a natural fibre produced from plants, also called as the 'Golden fibre' due to its shiny golden colour.
• Jute is one of the longest and most used natural fibre for various textile applications.
• Jute is extracted from the bark of the white jute plant (Corchorus capsularis) and to a lesser extent from tossa jute (C. olitorius).
• It is a natural fibre with a golden and silky shine and hence called the Golden Fibre.
• Jute is an annual crop taking about 120 days (April/May-July/August) to grow.

Additional Information

• It thrives in tropical lowland areas with humidity of 60% to 90%.
• Jute is a rain-fed crop with little need for fertilizer or pesticides.
• Jute is one of the most affordable natural fibres and is considered second only to cotton in the amount produced and variety of uses of vegetable fibres.
• The jute crop is grown in nearly 83 districts of seven states - West Bengal, Assam, Orissa, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Tripura and Meghalaya.
• West Bengal alone accounts for over 50% of raw Jute production.
• Bihar ranks 2nd in terms of Jute production.

The correct answer is Rajeshwar Acharya

Key Points

• Rajeshwar Acharya was awarded the Padma Shri in 2019, but not the Padma Bhushan.
• Rajeshwar Acharya is a Hindustani classical vocalist from Varanasi, India.
• He studied music from Banaras Hindu University and practiced music under Pandit Balwantrai Bhatt.
• He belongs to the Gwalior gharana of music.
• He has been associated with the arts and music department of the Banaras Hindu University and Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University.

Additional Information

• Padma Bhushan awardees in 2019:
• John Chambers, a former CEO of CISCO Systems
• Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa, a public affairs awardee from Punjab
• Pravin Gordhan, a public affairs awardee from South Africa
• Mahashay Dharam Pal Gulati, a trade and industry awardee from Delhi
• Darshan Lal Jain, a social work awardee from Haryana
• Ashok Laxmanrao Kukade, an affordable healthcare awardee from Maharashtra
• Kariya Munda, a public affairs awardee from Jharkhand
• Budhaditya Mukherjee, an art-music-sitar awardee from West Bengal
• Mohanlal Viswanathan Nair, an art-acting-film awardee from Kerala
• S Nambi Narayan, a science awardee from Kerala

The logic followed here is:

Cuboid, Cylinder, Pyramid all are 3D shapes,

Whereas,

Circle is a 2D shape.

Hence, the correct answer is "Circle".

Given:

Find the value of $\dfrac{1}{1 + \dfrac{1}{3}} - \dfrac{1}{1 + \dfrac{1}{2}}$

Formula used:

To solve the expression, we simplify the fractions in the denominator and then subtract the results.

Calculation:

$\dfrac{1}{1 + \dfrac{1}{3}} = \dfrac{1}{\dfrac{4}{3}} = \dfrac{3}{4}$

$\dfrac{1}{1 + \dfrac{1}{2}} = \dfrac{1}{\dfrac{3}{2}} = \dfrac{2}{3}$

$\dfrac{3}{4} - \dfrac{2}{3} = \dfrac{3 \times 3 - 2 \times 4}{4 \times 3} = \dfrac{9 - 8}{12} = \dfrac{1}{12}$

∴ The correct answer is option (1).

Given:

Data: 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 5, 5, 7, 8, 12

Formula used:

Mean = (Sum of all data points) / (Number of data points)

Calculation:

Sum of data points = 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 4 + 5 + 5 + 7 + 8 + 12

⇒ Sum = 46

Number of data points = 10

⇒ Mean = 46 / 10

⇒ Mean = 4.6

∴ The correct answer is option (4).

The correct answer is The Indian Railways.

Key Points

• Indian Railways has the largest employer in India
• According to the latest data released by the World Economic Forum, Indian Railways has approximately 1.5 million active employees in India.
• Indian Railways manages the fourth-largest railway network in the world by size, with a route length of 67,956 km as of 31 March 2020.
• Indian Railways was founded on 16 April 1853.
• The first train in India ran between Bori Bunder (Bombay) and Thane, a distance of 34 km.

Additional Information

• Minister of Railways - Shri Ashwini Vaishnaw.
• CEO of Railways - VK Tripathi.
• The United States has the world's largest railway network.
• On September 27, 1825 world's first train ran between Stockton and Darlington.

The correct answer is Tarabai Shinde

Key Points

• Stri Purush Tulana (A comparison between men and women) is a pamphlet/book written by feminist activist Tarabai Shinde.Tarabai Shinde:
• Shinde was a writer born in the Berar province of Buldhana (present-day Maharashtra) who protested against upper-caste patriarchy and the caste system in India.
• She was a member of the Satyashodhak Samaj and was also an associate of Savitribai Phule and Jyotirao Phule.
• The pamphlet was originally published in Marathi in 1882.
• The literary work is a critique of upper caste patriarchy and the gender and caste system in 19th century India.
• The material is also considered the first modern feminist text of India. '.

Additional Information

• Shinde questions the position of women in society and their rights.
• Stri Purush Tulana was a reaction to a newspaper article in Pune Vaibhav, an orthodox newspaper that supported the caste and gender system.
• The article was written attacking a young Brahmin widow Vijayalakshmi who was sentenced for execution for aborting her illegitimate child fearing public disgrace and ostracism.
• The article also criticized women in general, for their changing morals and behaviour.
• Shinde reacted firmly against this through her work.
• Though the book received negative views from society, Jyotirao Phule appreciated Shinde's work and also referenced it in his magazine, 'Satsar'.

The correct answer is business purposes

Key Points

• COBOL stands for Common Business-Oriented Language.
• COBOL is primarily used in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments.
• The applications like those in the defence domain, insurance domain, etc. which require huge data processing make extensive use of COBOL.
• It is designed to be easy to read and write, with a syntax that is similar to English, and is commonly used for tasks such as financial and accounting systems, data processing, and business communication.

Additional Information

• History of Common Business-Oriented Language (COBOL)
• Common Business-Oriented Language (COBOL) is a programming language that was developed in the late 1950s for business applications. It was designed to be easy to learn and use, and it quickly became the standard language for business applications.
• COBOL was developed by a team of computer scientists led by Grace Hopper, who was a pioneer in the field of computer programming. The language was based on Hopper's work on the UNIVAC I, which was one of the first commercial computers.
• COBOL was designed to be used for a wide range of business applications, including financial management, inventory control, and data processing. It was designed to be highly portable, meaning that it could be used on different types of computers without requiring significant modification.
• COBOL became widely used in the 1960s and 1970s, and it was used by many major corporations and government agencies. It was also used in the development of early computer systems, such as the Integrated Data Store (IDS), which was used by the US Air Force.

Given:

Radius (r) = 5 cm

Height (h) = 10 cm

Formula used:

Volume (V) of a cone = $\dfrac{1}{3}\pi r^2 h$

Calculations:

V = $\dfrac{1}{3}\pi r^2 h$

⇒ V = $\dfrac{1}{3} \times 3.14 \times 5^2 \times 10$

⇒ V = $\dfrac{1}{3} \times 3.14 \times 25 \times 10$

⇒ V = $\dfrac{1}{3} \times 785$

⇒ V = 261.67 cm³

∴ The correct answer is option (4).

The correct answer is Kalpakkam

Key Points

• Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic research is situated in Kalpakkam
• Kalpakkam power station is located on the coromandel coast 70 km far from Chennai, Tamil Nadu State of India.
• Kalpakkam power station is known as Madras Atomic Nuclear  Power plants.
• It was commissioned on 24th January 1984 with a capacity of 470 MW.
• Kalpakkam nuclear power station is affiliated with the Indira Gandhi Centre for atomic research (IGCAR), and the Barc( Bhabha Atomic Research Centre).
• It is the only power station in India with a Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) and Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR).

Additional Information

• Image of All the Nuclear Plant in India:

The correct answer is Albert Einstein.

Key Points

Albert Einstein explained the phenomenon of the Photoelectric Effect.

• He won the Nobel Prize for the services in Theoretical Physics, with special regard to the discovery of the Photoelectric effect.
• The photoelectric effect is the phenomenon where when photons hit an electron on the metal surface, an electrical effect due to the release of electrons takes place.
• The wave-duality effect was discovered due to this very phenomenon.
• Max Plank discovered Energy Quanta (Nobel Prize in 1918)
• Neils Bohr - Atomic Structure and Quantum Theory (Nobel Prize in 1922)
• Ernest Rutherford - First who split the atom (Theory of Atomic Structure, Nobel Prize in 1908)

Additional Information

• Frederick Herzberg
• He has researched the issue of human motivation at work.
• Major works: 
• Work and the Nature of Man (1966)
• The Motivation to Work (1959)
• The Managerial Choice: To be Efficient and to be Human (1976)
• Herzberg's motivation theory is based on the work experience of over 200 engineers.
• The study's main goal was to see if different types of characteristics were responsible for job satisfaction.
• In 1959, After the study, Frederick Herzberg proposed his Two Factor Theory or Hygiene or Motivation.
• Newton
• Sir Isaac Newton described three laws of motion in his 1687 book Principia Mathematica Philosophiae Naturalis:
• First law
• An object will remain at rest or in motion unless acted upon by another force.
• This law is also known as the law of inertia or Galileo's principle.
• Second law
• The net force on an object is equal to the object's acceleration multiplied by its mass.
• Third law
• If two objects exert forces on each other, the forces have the same magnitude but opposite directions.
• Newton's laws of motion are used to describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it.
• They are used in many real-world applications, including simulating car collisions, navigating spacecraft, and playing basketball.
• Galileo
• A body moving with a certain speed along a straight path will continue to move at the same speed along the same straight path in the absence of the external field.

Given:

The HCF and LCM of two numbers are 10⁸ and 10¹²7³ respectively. One of the numbers is 10¹².

Formula used:

HCF × LCM = Number1 × Number2

Calculation:

108 × 101273 = 1012 × Number2

⇒ Number2 = (10⁸ × 10¹²7³) ÷ 10¹²

⇒ Number2 = 10^{20 - 12} × 73 

⇒ Number2 = 10873

∴ The correct answer is option (1).

The correct answer is Alexander Zverev.

Key Points

• Dominic Theme won the men's singles title of US Open 2020.
• Dominic Thiem won the men’s singles title at the 2020 US Open in New York, beating Alexander Zverev in Sunday’s epic final.
• He became the second Austrian national to win a Grand Slam.

Additional Information

• US Open
• U.S. Open, formally the United States Open Tennis Championships, international tennis tournament, the fourth and final of the major events that make up the annual Grand Slam of tennis (the other three tournaments are the Australian Open, the French Open, and the Wimbledon Championships).
• The U.S. Open is held each year over a two-week period in late August and early September.
• Since 1978 all the U.S. Open championships have been played on the acrylic hard courts of the U.S. Tennis Associatio in Flushing Meadows, Queens, N.Y.
• The U.S. Open consists of championships in five main categories: men’s singles and doubles, women’s singles and doubles, and mixed doubles.

Given:

5.$\overline{46}$

Formula used:

Let x = 5.$\overline{46}$

Then, 100x = 546.$\overline{46}$

Calculation:

Let x = 5.464646...

100x = 546.464646...

⇒ 100x - x = 546.464646... - 5.464646...

⇒ 99x = 541

⇒ x = $\dfrac{541}{99}$

∴ The correct answer is option (1).

The logic followed here is:

Road, Street, Highway all are pathways for vehicles,

Whereas,

Pedestal is a support or base for a structure.

Hence, the correct answer is "Pedestal".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :

Conclusions:

I. Some books are plastics → Follow (As all plastics are fruits and all fruits are books. As whole plastics comes in fruits which whole comes in books, therefore it is true.)

II. No trouser is a plastic → Follow (As all plastics are fruits, all fruits are books and no books are trousers. As whole plastics comes in fruits which whole comes in books which cannot be trousers, therefore it is true.)

III. Some fruits are plastics → Follow (As all plastics are fruits. As whole plastics comes in fruits, therefore it is true.)

IV. Some trousers are fruits → Does not follow (As all fruits are books and no books are trousers. As whole fruits comes in books which cannot be trousers, therefore it is false.)

∴ Here, Only conclusions I, II and III follow.​

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The correct answer is taste.

Key Points

• With the help of receptors, we smell things with our noses, taste things with our tongues, hear things with our ears, and see things with our eyes.
• Receptors are usually located in our sense organs, such as the inner ear, the nose, the tongue, and so on.
• The work of gustatory receptors is to detect the taste.
• Gustatory receptors are found on the tongue and are evenly distributed across the taste buds. Their primary function is to provide a sense of taste.
• With each taste of food or sip of drink, the brain integrates the differential input from the taste buds and a complex flavour is perceived.

 Additional Information

• Touch detection: The somesthetic receptors will detect touch.
• Sound detection: The auditory receptors are located inside the inner ear which helps in Sound detection.
• Smell detection: The olfactory receptors will detect smell.

Given:

The average of four consecutive even integers is 27.

Formula used:

Let the four consecutive even integers be x, x + 2, x + 4, and x + 6.

Average = (Sum of all integers) / (Number of integers)

Calculation:

(x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) + (x + 6)) / 4 = 27

⇒ (4x + 12) / 4 = 27

⇒ 4x + 12 = 108

⇒ 4x = 96

⇒ x = 24

The largest number = x + 6

⇒ 24 + 6 = 30

∴ The correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is DAMINI.

Key Points

• Bhabha Atomic Research Center is the full form of BARC.
• BARC is India's premier nuclear research facility headquartered in Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra.
• It is a multi-disciplinary research center with extensive infrastructure for advanced research and development in nuclear science, engineering, and related areas.
• The center is named after Dr. Homi J. Bhabha, who is considered the father of the Indian nuclear program.

 Additional Information

• Dr. Homi J. Bhabha established the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) in 1945 and later the Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay (AEET) in 1954, which was renamed BARC in 1966 after his demise.
• BARC plays a crucial role in India's nuclear power generation, isotope production, and radiation technology applications.
• The center also conducts research in areas such as high-energy physics, plasma physics, material science, and environmental science.
• BARC operates under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Government of India.

The correct answer is Seven.

Key Points

• Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III of the Indian Constitution, from Article 12 to 35.
• These rights are essential for the overall development of individuals and the preservation of human dignity.
• Article 21 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the Right to Life and Personal Liberty.
• Fundamental Rights are justiciable, meaning they can be enforced through the courts of law in India.

 Additional Information

• Fundamental Rights
• Fundamental Rights are the basic human rights guaranteed to all individuals by the Constitution of India. These rights are crucial for the protection and development of individuals.
• They are meant to promote the ideal of political democracy and prevent the arbitrary use of power by the state.
• Some of the key Fundamental Rights include the Right to Equality (Articles 14-18), Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22), Right against Exploitation (Articles 23-24), Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25-28), Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29-30), and the Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32).
• These rights are enforceable by the courts, and individuals can approach the judiciary to seek protection and enforcement of their Fundamental Rights.
• Enforcement of Fundamental Rights
• Fundamental Rights are justiciable, meaning individuals can approach the courts to enforce these rights if they are violated.
• The Supreme Court and High Courts have the power to issue writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
• Writs such as habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto, and certiorari are used to enforce these rights.
• Right to Life (Article 21)
• Article 21 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the Right to Life and Personal Liberty.
• This article ensures that no person shall be deprived of their life or personal liberty except according to the procedure established by law.
• The Right to Life under Article 21 has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to include various rights such as the right to live with human dignity, right to livelihood, right to health, right to education, and more.

The correct answer is Article 112.

Key Points

• Article 112
• In terms of Article 112 (1) of the Constitution of India, a statement of estimated receipts and expenditures of the Government of India is presented to the Parliament every year.
• Article 112(2) provides that the estimate of expenditure embodied in this annual financial Budget shall show separately.
• The annual Financial Statement shows the receipts and payments of the Government under the three parts in which Government accounts are kept: (i) Consolidated Fund, (ii) Contingency Fund, and (iii) Public Account.
• Annual reports typically include financial statements, such as balance sheets, income statements, and cash flow statements. In addition, there will often be graphs or charts included, helping break down the financials into easily readable information.

 Additional Information

• Article 110​
• A money bill is defined by Article 110 of the Constitution, as a draft law that contains only provisions that deal with all or any of the matters listed therein​
• The imposition, abolition, remission, alteration, or regulation of any tax.
• The regulation of the borrowing of money by the Union government.
• The custody of the Consolidated Fund of India or the contingency fund of India, the payment of money into or the withdrawal of money from any such fund
• The appropriation of money out of the Consolidated Fund of India.
• Declaration of any expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India or increasing the amount of any such expenditure.
• The receipt of money on account of the Consolidated Fund of India or the public account of India or the custody or issue of such money, or the audit of the accounts of the Union or of a state.
• Article 113
• Demand for Grants is the form in which estimates of expenditure from the Consolidated Fund, included in the annual financial statement and required to be voted upon in the Lok Sabha, are submitted in pursuance of Article 113 of the Constitution.
• The demand for grants includes provisions with respect to revenue expenditure, capital expenditure, grants to State and Union Territory governments together with loans and advances.
• Generally, one demand for a grant is presented in respect of each ministry or department. However, for large ministries and departments, more than one demand is presented.
• Article 111
• For assent President has three alternatives (under Article 111 of the Constitution):
• He may give his assent to the bill.
• He may withhold his assent to the bill.
• He may return the bill (If it is not a Money Bill) for the reconsideration of the Parliament.
• The veto power enjoyed by the executive in modern states can be classified into the following four types:
• Absolute veto, that is, withholding of assent to the bill passed by the legislature.
• Qualified veto, which can be overridden by the legislature with a higher majority.
• Suspensive veto, which can be overridden by the legislature with an ordinary majority.
• Pocket veto, that is, taking action on the bill passed by the legislature.

Given:

Selling Price (SP) = ₹2,600

Profit Percentage = 30%

Formula used:

Cost Price (CP) = $\dfrac{SP}{1 + \dfrac{Profit \%}{100}}$

Calculation:

CP = $\dfrac{2600}{1 + \dfrac{30}{100}}$

⇒ CP = $\dfrac{2600}{1 + 0.30}$

⇒ CP = $\dfrac{2600}{1.30}$

⇒ CP = ₹2,000

∴ The correct answer is option 2.

The logic followed here is:

'WET' is coded as 'VXDFSU'

Similarly,

? is coded as 'MOHJAC'

Hence, "Option 1" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 30 April 2018.

Key Points

• The term GOBAR stands for Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources.
• The scheme was launched by the then Union Minister for Drinking water and Sanitation, Shri Uma Bharti in April 2018.
• This scheme aims to positively impact village cleanliness and generate wealth and energy from organic waste.
• Open defecation-free villages are the objective of the Swachha Bharat Mission. Hence option 1 is incorrect.
• Objectives of GOBAR-Dhan:

1. To support villages effectively managing their cattle waste, agricultural waste/residue, and all other organic waste.
2. To support communities to convert their organic waste (especially cattle waste) to wealth through the generation of manure and energy out of waste.
3. To promote environmental sanitation and curb vector-borne diseases through effective disposal of waste in rural areas.
4. To create livelihood opportunities in rural areas and enhance the income of farmers and other rural people by supporting them to convert their waste to wealth.
5. To promote rural entrepreneurship by involving entrepreneurs, SHGs, and Youth Groups in the setting up and operation, and management of biogas plants.

Given:

A can lay railway tracks between two given stations in 16 days

B can lay railway tracks between two given stations in 12 days

With the help of C, they did the job in 4 days

Formula used:

Work done by A in 1 day = 1/16

Work done by B in 1 day = 1/12

Work done by A, B, and C together in 1 day = 1/4

Work done by C in 1 day = Work done by A, B, and C together in 1 day - (Work done by A in 1 day + Work done by B in 1 day)

Calculation:

Work done by A in 1 day = 1/16

Work done by B in 1 day = 1/12

Work done by A, B, and C together in 1 day = 1/4

⇒ Work done by C in 1 day = 1/4 - (1/16 + 1/12)

⇒ Work done by C in 1 day = 1/4 - (3/48 + 4/48)

⇒ Work done by C in 1 day = 1/4 - 7/48

⇒ Work done by C in 1 day = 12/48 - 7/48

⇒ Work done by C in 1 day = 5/48

∴ C alone can do the job in 48/5 days

∴ The correct answer is option 1.

Given:

Points: (a cos α, 0) and (0, a sin α)

Formula used:

Distance between two points (x₁, y₁) and (x₂, y₂) is given by:

Distance = $\sqrt{(x_2 - x_1)^2 + (y_2 - y_1)^2}$

Calculations:

Let (x₁, y₁) = (a cos α, 0) and (x₂, y₂) = (0, a sin α)

⇒ Distance = $\sqrt{(0 - a \cos \alpha)^2 + (a \sin \alpha - 0)^2}$

⇒ Distance = $\sqrt{(a \cos \alpha)^2 + (a \sin \alpha)^2}$

⇒ Distance = $\sqrt{a^2 \cos^2 \alpha + a^2 \sin^2 \alpha}$

⇒ Distance = $\sqrt{a^2 (\cos^2 \alpha + \sin^2 \alpha)}$

⇒ Distance = $\sqrt{a^2 \times 1}$

⇒ Distance = $|a|$

∴ The correct answer is option (3).

The correct answer is medulla.

Key Points

• Medulla Oblongata
• Location: The medulla oblongata is the lowermost part of the brainstem, located directly above the spinal cord.
• Function: It plays a crucial role in controlling vital autonomic functions such as:
• Respiration: Controls the rate and depth of breathing.
• Cardiovascular function: Regulates heart rate and blood pressure.
• Digestion: Influences swallowing, vomiting, and other digestive processes.
• Other functions: Controls sneezing, coughing, and swallowing reflexes.
• Structure: The medulla contains nuclei for several cranial nerves, including those involved in swallowing, tongue movement, and head and shoulder movements.
• Significance: Damage to the medulla can have life-threatening consequences, including respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, and loss of consciousness.

Additional Information

• Forebrain
• Location: The largest and most complex part of the brain, located above the midbrain and hindbrain.
• Function: Responsible for a wide range of complex functions, including:
• Sensory and motor processing: Receives and processes sensory information, and initiates voluntary movements.
• Higher cognitive functions: Involved in thought, language, memory, emotion, and personality.
• Homeostasis: Regulates body temperature, appetite, thirst, and sleep-wake cycles.
• Structure: Consists of two cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, hypothalamus, and limbic system.
• Significance: The forebrain is essential for human consciousness, intelligence, and overall brain function.
• Midbrain
• Location: Located between the forebrain and hindbrain, forming the middle portion of the brainstem.
• Function: Plays a crucial role in:
• Motor function: Involved in controlling eye movements, posture, and balance.
• Sensory processing: Processes visual and auditory information.
• Pain perception: Plays a role in pain modulation.
• Arousal and consciousness: Contributes to maintaining alertness and wakefulness.
• Structure: Contains several important nuclei and tracts, including the substantia nigra and the red nucleus.
• Significance: Damage to the midbrain can result in various neurological problems, including Parkinson's disease, visual and auditory impairments, and movement disorders.
• Limbic System
• Location: A collection of interconnected brain structures located deep within the brain, beneath the cerebral cortex.
• Function: Plays a crucial role in:
• Emotions: Regulates emotions such as fear, anger, pleasure, and sadness.
• Memory: Involved in the formation and retrieval of memories, particularly emotional memories.
• Motivation: Drives basic motivations such as hunger, thirst, and sex.
• Learning: Plays a role in learning and habit formation.

The correct answer is Justice.

Key Points

• Human Development Pillars:
• Equity: Ensuring equal access to opportunities and resources for all individuals, reducing disparities in human development outcomes.
• Sustainability: Maintaining the availability of opportunities and resources for future generations while meeting today's needs.
• Productivity: Enhancing human capabilities and improving the quality of life through economic growth and development.
• Empowerment: Giving individuals the ability and freedom to make choices that affect their lives positively.

Additional Information

• Definition of Sustainability:
• Sustainability emphasizes the use of resources in a manner that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
• It focuses on creating and maintaining conditions under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony.
• This approach ensures the long-term continuation of resource availability, ecological balance, and overall well-being.

The logic followed here is:

7 + 6 = 3² + 2²

13 = 9 + 4

13 = 13 (LHS = RHS)

25 + 15 = 22 + 62

40 = 4 + 36

40 = 40 (LHS = RHS)

And,

9 + 20 = 22 + 52

29 = 4 + 25

29 = 29 (LHS = RHS)

Similarly,

? + 12 = 32 + 42

? = 9 + 16 - 12

? = 25 - 12

? = 13

Hence, "Option 1" is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

→ 1(

) = 2(

) 

And,

→ 2(

) = 4(

) --------- (1)

→ 1(

) = 2(

)  --------- (2)

Therefore, from (1) and (2):

→ 1(

) + 1(

) = ? 

→ 4(

) + 2(

) = ?

→ 6(

) = ?

Hence, "Option 3" is the correct answer.

The correct answer is focusing on inequality.

Key Points

• India stands at 129 positions as per the report titled “Human Development Report 2019" released by the United Nations Development Programme.
• The complete title of report is-“Human Development Report 2019– Beyond income, beyond averages, beyond today: Inequalities in human development in the 21st century”
• The total of 189 countries is ranked in this index.
• The countries were ranked based on indicators such as life expectancy at birth, expected years of schooling, mean years of schooling, gross national income per capita and Human Development Index value.
• For the year 2017, India ranked 130th and hence it improved by one rank.
• The first rank is held by Norway. Second rank-Switzerland, third rank-Ireland.

Given:

Principal (P) = ₹7,500

Rate (r) = 4% per annum

Time (t) = 2 years

Formula used:

Compound Interest (CI) = $P (1+\frac{r}{100})^t - P$

Calculations:

CI = $7500 (1+\frac{4}{100})^2 - 7500$

⇒ CI = $7500 (1+\frac{4}{100})^2 - 1$

⇒ CI = $7500 (1.04)^2 - 1$

⇒ CI = 7500 (1.0816 - 1)

⇒ CI = 7500 × 0.0816

⇒ CI = Rs. 612

∴ The correct answer is option (4).

Given:

A alone can complete the work in 15 days.

B alone can complete the work in 30 days.

Formula used:

Work done in a day by A = 1/15

Work done in a day by B = 1/30

Calculations:

Work done in 2 days (A + B) = (1/15 + 1/30)

⇒ Work done in 2 days = (2 + 1)/30

⇒ Work done in 2 days = 3/30

⇒ Work done in 1 days = 1/20

Therefore, work done in 20 days = 20/20 = 1

∴ The correct answer is option (2).

The diagram that best represents the relationship between the given set of classes is shown below :

Cobbler is a subset of Man (as a cobbler is a type of person).

Shoe is a subset of Footwear.

Hence, "Option 1" is the correct answer.

Additional InformationCobbler: A person (usually a man or woman) who repairs or makes shoes and other types of footwear. A cobbler is a subset of Man (assuming humans are referred to here).

Man: Refers to humans (or male individuals) in general, which includes cobblers but not shoes or footwear.

Shoe: A specific type of Footwear, so Shoe is a subset of Footwear.

Footwear: A broader category that includes all types of footwear, such as shoes, sandals, boots, etc.

• The correct answer is origin of the universe.

Key Points

• The most widely accepted theory about the origin of the universe is the Big Bang Theory.
• Expanding universe hypothesis. is another name for Big Bang Theory.
• George Lamaitre coined the term "Big Bang Theory."
• According to the Big Bang Theory, the universe began as a small hot body that exploded massively and then swiftly expanded.
• The universe cooled as a result of its fast expansion, bringing it to its current state.
• The temperature plummeted to 4,500K within 300,000 years after the Big Bang, allowing atomic matter to form.
• Around 13,75 billion years ago, the big bang happened.
• Edwin Hubble in 1920 provided evidence that the universe is expanding.

Additional Information

• Big bang theory: The big bang theory explains the existence of the universe as it was created from a massive explosion that took place bringing and creating matter we have today.
• This creation of matter is the start of the universe and scientists use the occurrence of this as a reference to the age of the universe.
• From a number of studies, it is approximated that the Big bang occurred 13.8 billion years ago, as of today.

EXPLANATION:

• The age of the universe is calculated with reference to the occurrence of the Big Bang i.e. 13.8 billion years ago.
• 1 billion = 109

Therefore, the age of the universe is 13·8 x109 years

The correct answer is Ashoka.

Key Points

• Emperor Ashoka (304 - 232 BCE) was the third king of the Maurya Dynasty. Remorseful after his bloody campaign and conquest of Kalinga, Ashoka embraced Buddhism.
• Ashoka:
• Ashoka was the emperor of India's Maurya Dynasty from 268 to 232 BCE.
• Ashoka is referred to as Buddhsakya in Maski Inscription and Dharmakosa in his Sarnath Inscription.
• He was known as Devampiya i.e. beloved of Goda, and as Piyadassi i.e. of pleasing appearance.
• Ashoka believed in the policy of Dhamma.
• Ashoka's visit to Lumbini and exemption of Lumbini from tax was mentioned in Rumminidei Pillar Inscription.
• The Kandhar Inscription speaks about the success of his policy with the hunters and fishermen.
• Nigalisagar Pillar Inscription: It mentions that Ashoka increased the height of the stupa of Buddha Konakamana to its double size.

 Additional Information

• Chandragupta Maurya
• Chanakya was the teacher of Chandragupta Maurya.
• Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Maurya dynasty.
• He is credited with the setting up of the first pan-Indian empire.
• Chanakya, also called Kautilya or Vishnugupta played a key role in helping Chandragupta overthrow the powerful Nanda dynasty at Pataliputra, in the Magadha region.
• Artha-shastra, (“The Science of Material Gain”), written by Kautilya on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy came to be Chandragupta’s guide.
• The ideas expressed by Kautilya in the Arthashastra are totally practical and unsentimental.
• Harshavardhan
• HARSHAVARDHAN (606 CE – 647 CE)
• During Harshavardhana’s rule, Kannauj was conquered and united with Thaneswar.
• He attacked Shashank of Gauda Kingdom and established his control over regions of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha and befriended Bhashkarvarman of Kamrup (Assam).
• Vallabhi King Dhruvbhata in Gujrat too was defeated and a truce was negotiated with him by the marriage of Harsha’s daughter to Dhruvbhata.
• He assumed titles of Uttarapathanatha or Uttarapathapati (Lord of the North).
• While marching southwards, Harshavardhan conquered regions of Malawa and after crossing Narmada he was defeated by Pulkeshin II in the Battle of Narmada.
• He was greatly influenced by the personality of Hieun Tsang and organized a Buddhist assembly at Kannauj under his chairmanship.
• Hieun Tsang, in his book, has appreciated Harshvardhan’s justice and munificence (generosit
• ​Chandragupta I
• Chandragupta I married Kumara Devi who was a Lichchavi princess.
• The Lichchavi dynasty was a kingdom that existed in Nepal from 400 to 750 CE.
• Marrying the Lachchavi princess enabled Chandragupta I to expand his territory to Nepal.

The logic followed here is:

4 × 5 = 12 + 8

20 = 20 (LHS = RHS)

And,

5 × 3 = 7 + 8

15 = 15 (LHS = RHS)

Similarly,

6 × 4 = ? + 8

24 - 8 = ?

16 = ?

Hence, "Option 2" is the correct answer.

Given:

The sequence is 2, 5, 8, 11, .........

Formula used: