RRB NTPC CBT 2 (Level-6) Official paper (Held On: 9 May 2022 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

The logic followed here is-

Thus,

Code for are → en

Code for out → sr

Hence, 'option 2' is the correct answer.

Given that,

• Total people in row = 25
• Keshav is 7th from the extreme right end.
• Teja sits 5th to the left of Keshav.
• Therefore, Teja's position from the right end = 7 + 5 = 12^th
• Now, Teja's position from the left end = Total people - Teja's position from the right end + 1 = 25 - 12 + 1 = 14^th

​The diagram is given below-

Hence, 'option 1' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Flipkart Internet Pvt. Ltd.

• In June 2021, the Telangana government partnered with Flipkart Internet Pvt Ltd to develop the 'Medicine from the Sky' project.
• The Telangana government has selected 16 Primary Healthcare Centres (PHCs) for pilot testing of the ambitious ‘Medicine from the sky’, the first-of-its-kind project.

Key Points

• E-commerce firm Flipkart has partnered with the Telangana government to lead a consortium tasked with the development and execution of the drone deliveries of medical supplies to remote areas under the ‘Medicines from the Sky’ project.
• The project was tested out for delivering thousands of Covid-19 vaccines in Hyderabad while keeping in mind all the safety and efficiency parameters.
• Google-backed delivery and e-commerce firm Dunzo Digital earlier announced similar drone delivery flights under the same project in Telangana.
• These technologies will be used to conduct ‘Beyond Visual Line of Sight’ (BVLOS) deliveries in remote areas in Telangana where road infrastructure is not conducive to delivering vaccines faster.
• This project is conceived by World Economic Forum and Healthnet Global Limited which outlines the requirements for drone delivery and assesses proposals.

Important Points

• Other Projects involving the Use of Drones:
• Similar permission was granted to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) for conducting feasibility study of Covid-19 vaccine delivery using drones, in collaboration with IIT-Kanpur.
• The International Crops Research Institute (ICRISAT) was permitted to deploy drones for agricultural research activities, apart from some agriculture universities and educational institutions.

Additional Information

• Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS):
• It is a term relating to the operation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and drones at distances outside the normal visible range of the pilot.
• BVLOS flights typically require additional equipment and extra training and certification and are subject to permission from aviation authorities.
• Unmanned Aircraft System Rules 2021 states that drones will not be allowed to operate BVLOS, which would limit the use of these gadgets for surveys, photography, security, and various information gathering purposes.

The correct answer is Nagaland.

Key Points

 

• Nagaland is one of the states in India with a population of 1978502.
• There are 11 districts, 114 Taluks, 1428 villages, and 26 towns in Nagaland.
• As per the Census India 2011, Nagaland has 396002 households, a population of 1978502 of which 1024649 are males and 953853 are females.
• The population of children between ages 0-6 is 291071 which is 14.71% of the total population.
• Out of the total population, 71.14% of the population live in urban areas and 28.86% live in rural areas.
• There is 0 Scheduled Caste (SC) and 86.48% Scheduled Tribe (ST) of the total population in Nagaland.

Important Points

• The total population of India reached 121 crores (1.21 billion)
• The total number of males was 62.31 crores and females were 58.74 crores.
• The percentage of population growth during the decade was 17.7%.
• Sex ratio was 943 females/1000 males
• Child sex ratio was 919 females/1000 males
• State with highest sex ratio – Kerala (1084 females/1000 males)
• UT with highest sex ratio – Puducherry (1029 females/1000 males)
• State with lowest sex ratio – Haryana (877 females/1000 males)
• UT with lowest sex ratio – Daman and Diu (618 females/1000 males)

Additional Information

• There are 7.15% Scheduled Caste (SC) and 12.45% Scheduled Tribe (ST) of the total population in Assam.
• There are 4.63% Scheduled Caste (SC) and 33.8% Scheduled Tribe (ST) of the total population in Sikkim.
• There are 17.83% Scheduled Caste (SC) and 31.76% Scheduled Tribe (ST) of the total population in Tripura.
• There are 0.11% Scheduled Caste (SC) and 94.43% Scheduled Tribe (ST) of the total population in Mizoram.

Given,

• Y ① Z ⇒ Y is the sister of Z

• Y ② Z ⇒ Y is the husband of Z

• Y ③ Z ⇒ Y is the daughter of Z

• Y ④ Z ⇒ Y is the mother of Z

• Y ⑤ Z ⇒ Y is the brother of Z

Given expression- U ④ L ② G ④ M ① O ? C

• U ④ L ⇒ U is the mother of L

• L ② G ⇒ L is the husband of G

• G ④ M ⇒ G is the mother of M

• M ① O ⇒ M is the sister of O

The given information is depicted in the diagram below-

            

Thus, O can either be sister or brother of C to establish that C is the child of L.

Hence, 'option 4' is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Efficiency ratio of A, B, and (A+B+C) = 1/20 : 1/30 : 1/8

Multiply by LCM(20, 30, 8) = 120 → A : B : (A+B+C) = 6 : 4 : 15

Efficiency of C = 15 − (6 + 4) = 5 units

C's wage share = (Efficiency of C / Total Efficiency) × Total Amount

C's share = (5/15) × 18,750 = 1/3 × 18,750 = ₹6,250

∴ The correct answer is ₹6,250.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by A = 20 days

Time taken by B = 30 days

Time taken by A, B, and C together = 8 days

Total wage amount = ₹18,750

Formula Used:

Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Time

Wage Share = (Individual Efficiency ÷ Total Efficiency) × Total Wage

Calculations:

⇒ Efficiency of A = 6 units/day

⇒ Efficiency of B = 4 units/day

⇒ Efficiency of A + B + C = 15 units/day

⇒ Efficiency of C = Efficiency of (A+B+C) − Efficiency of (A+B)

⇒ Efficiency of C = 15 − (6 + 4) = 5 units/day

⇒ Ratio of wages (A : B : C) = 6 : 4 : 5

⇒ Sum of ratio parts = 6 + 4 + 5 = 15

⇒ C's share = (5 ÷ 15) × 18,750

⇒ C's share = 1/3 × 18,750 = ₹6,250

∴ The correct answer is ₹6,250.

Additional Information

Work and Wages Principle

Wages are distributed in direct proportion to the work done by each individual. If they work for the same amount of time, the wage ratio is equal to their efficiency ratio.

Combined Efficiency

Total efficiency of a group working together is the sum of individual efficiencies: E_total = E₁ + E₂ + ... + E_n.

Time-Efficiency Relation

Efficiency is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete a task (Efficiency ∝ 1/Time) when work is constant.

Given

The radius of a hemisphere is 3cm

Concept used:

A hemisphere's volume is equal to 2πr³/3

Calculation:

Volume = (2.π.3³)/3

⇒ 2π × 9

⇒ 18π

∴ The volume of a hemisphere having a radius 3 cm is 18π cm3

The correct answer is 8 minutes 20.20 seconds.

Key Points

• Athlete Avinash Sable set a new national record in the men's 3000m steeplechase event in the Federation Cup in 2021.
• Avinash recorded a timing of 8:20.20.
• He broke his own record of 8:21.37 set in 2019.
• He is from Mandwa village in the Beed district of Maharashtra.

Important Points

• Avinash is ranked world No. 16 at present.
• He won silver in his debut international event at the 2019 Asian Athletics Championships in Doha.
• In 2019, he became the first Indian to qualify for the 3000 meters steeplechase final at the World Championships.

Additional Information

• 2021 Federation Cup Senior Athletics Championships:
• It was the 24th edition of the national championship in outdoor track and field for India.
• It was held on 15–19 March at the Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports in Patiala.
• Three Indian national records were set at the competition:
• Kamalpreet Kaur won the women's discus throw with a record 65.06 m – the first Indian woman to throw beyond 65 meters.
• M. Sreeshankar added six centimeters to his own national record to win the men's long jump.
• In the women's javelin throw, Annu Rani's winning mark of 63.24 m added almost a meter to her previous record.

The correct answer is Ustad Zakir Hussain.

• Ustad Zakir Hussain is an Indian tabla virtuoso, composer, percussionist, music producer, and film actor who was awarded the Padma Shri in 1988, and the Padma Bhushan in 2002.

Key Points

• Zakir Hussain is an Indian tabla player, composer, percussionist, music producer, and film actor.
• He is the eldest son of tabla player Alla Rakha.
• He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1988, and the Padma Bhushan in 2002.
• He was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1990.
• He was named an Old Dominion Fellow by the Humanities Council at Princeton University.
• He was a visiting professor at Stanford University.

Additional Information

• Ustad Allah Rakha:
• ​He was an Indian tabla player who specialized in Hindustani classical music.
• He was born in Ghagwal Village Jammu, Jammu, and Kashmir.
• He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1977 and the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1982.
• Pandit Kumar Bose:
• ​He is an Indian tabla maestro and composer of Indian classical music.
• He was taught by Kishan Maharaj.
• He was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi award in 2007.
• Pandit Anindo Chatterjee:
• ​He is an Indian tabla player.
• He performed at Rashtrapati Bhavan when President of US Barack Obama visited India in November 2010.
• He was awarded the Sangeet Natak Academy Award in 2002.

Given,

• Total number of students = 42
• Position of Kritika from top = 18^th

The diagram would be as follows-

Hence, 'option 1' is the correct answer.

 Alternate Method

Kritika's position from the bottom = Total students - Kritika's position from the top + 1

                                                     = 42 - 18 + 1

                                                     = 25^th

Information given can be represented as-

• No direct relation of R with either P or S is given.

 

Conclusions:

I. P is the sister of R → Does not follow (it is possible but not definite).

II. S is the mother of P.→ Does not follow (it is possible but not definite). S can either be mother or father of P.

Hence, 'option 2' is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick Opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral sum to 180°. Let ∠PQR = 11x and ∠PSR = 7x. 11x + 7x = 180° ⇒ 18x = 180° ⇒ x = 10°. So, ∠PQR = 110° and ∠PSR = 70°. In isosceles ΔPQR (PQ = QR): ∠QPR = (180° − 110°) ÷ 2 = 35°. Central angle ∠POR = 2 × ∠PSR = 2 × 70° = 140°. In isosceles ΔOPR (OP = OR): ∠OPR = (180° − 140°) ÷ 2 = 20°. ∠OPQ = ∠QPR + ∠OPR = 35° + 20° = 55°. ∴ The correct answer is 55°.

Alternate Method Given: Cyclic quadrilateral PQRS with center O. Ratio ∠PQR : ∠PSR = 11 : 7. Side PQ = QR. Formula Used:

1. Sum of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180°.
2. Angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended at the circumference.
3. In an isosceles triangle, angles opposite to equal sides are equal.

Calculations: ⇒ ∠PQR + ∠PSR = 180° (Opposite angles of cyclic quadrilateral) ⇒ 11k + 7k = 180° ⇒ 18k = 180° ⇒ k = 10° ⇒ ∠PQR = 110° and ∠PSR = 70° ⇒ In ΔPQR, PQ = QR ⇒ ∠QPR = ∠QRP ⇒ ∠QPR = (180° − 110°) ÷ 2 = 35° ⇒ ∠POR = 2 × ∠PSR = 2 × 70° = 140° (Angle at center property) ⇒ In ΔOPR, OP = OR (radii) ⇒ ∠OPR = ∠ORP ⇒ ∠OPR = (180° − 140°) ÷ 2 = 20° ⇒ Since ∠PQR > 90°, center O and vertex Q lie on opposite sides of chord PR. ⇒ ∠OPQ = ∠QPR + ∠OPR = 35° + 20° = 55° ∴ The correct answer is 55°.

Additional Information Cyclic Quadrilateral Theorems The sum of opposite angles is 180°. The exterior angle is equal to the interior opposite angle. Angle Subtended by a Chord A chord subtends an angle at the center that is twice the angle it subtends at the major arc of the circumference. Isosceles Property in Circles Triangles formed by the center and any two points on the circumference (radii) are always isosceles.

The logic followed here is-

Hence, 'option 4' is the correct answer.

Given:

One-eighth of a number is 12 less than half of 42

Calculation:

Let the number be 8a

According to the question,

42 × 1/2 - 8a × 1/8 = 12

⇒ 21 - a = 12

⇒ a = 9

So, the number is 9 × 8 = 72

Now, 1/4th of the number = 72 × 1/4 = 18

∴ Required answer is 18

The correct answer is 1931.

• The Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed in 1931.

Key Points

• The Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on March 5, 1931.
• The features of the Gandhi-Irwin pact:
• Congress would participate in the Second Round Table Conference.
• Congress would discontinue the Civil Disobedience Movement.
• The Government would withdraw all ordinances issued to curb Congress.
• The Government would withdraw all prosecutions relating to offenses other than violent ones.
• The Government would release all persons undergoing sentences of imprisonment for their activities in the civil disobedience movement.

Additional Information

• Civil Disobedience Movement
• The Civil Disobedience Movement was started by Gandhi on 12th March 1930 with his famous Dandi March.
• Together with 78 chosen followers, Gandhi walked nearly 375 km from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, a village on the Gujarat sea coast.
• On the morning of 6th April 1930, Gandhiji broke the salt law by making salt. Thousands of people followed suit.
• This movement resulted in Gandhi-Irwin Pact on 5 March 1931.
• Indians were allowed to make salt for domestic use.
• Gandhiji attended the Second Round Table Conference in London as an ‘equal’.

According to given information,

1. Number of persons = 8
2. Name of persons → A, B, C, D, J, K, L and M 3. D sits at one of the corners of the table. Only two people sit between D and C, when counted from the left of D. Only three people sit between C and B.

4. M sits third to the left of B. K sits to the immediate right of M. A is neither an immediate neighbour of B nor C. J sits to the immediate left of A.

Thus, M sits second to the right of L.

Hence, 'option 4' is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Present Age to Marriage Age = 11 : 7

Difference in ratio = 11 − 7 = 4 units.

Since he got married 20 years ago, 4 units = 20 years → 1 unit = 5 years.

Present Age = 11 units = 11 × 5 = 55 years.

Kiran's age 10 years from now = 55 + 10 = 65 years.

∴ The correct answer is 65 years.

Alternate Method

Given:

Kiran got married 20 years ago.

Present age = 11/7 × Age at the time of marriage.

Calculations:

⇒ Let Kiran's age at the time of his marriage be x years.

⇒ Then, his present age = (x + 20) years.

⇒ According to the given condition: x + 20 = (11/7) × x

⇒ 7 × (x + 20) = 11x

⇒ 7x + 140 = 11x

⇒ 11x − 7x = 140

⇒ 4x = 140

⇒ x = 140 ÷ 4 = 35

⇒ Present age of Kiran = 35 + 20 = 55 years.

⇒ Kiran's age 10 years from now = 55 + 10 = 65 years.

∴ The correct answer is 65 years.

Additional Information

Constant Age Difference

The age difference between any two individuals always remains constant over time. If Person A is 5 years older than Person B today, A will remain 5 years older than B indefinitely after any number of years.

Ratio of Ages

If the present age ratio of A and B is x : y, and n years ago it was p : q, balancing the ratio difference directly provides the exact value of 1 unit in years, solving the problem without complex equations.

Average Age Impact

If the current average age of a group of n people is A, then exactly k years later, the new average age of the same exact group becomes A + k. If a new person joins, the net deviation method determines their age relative to the average.

The correct answer is Bhutan.

• Bhutan has the smallest area among neighboring countries of India.

Key Points

• A total of 9 countries share borders with India.
• Out of these, 7 countries share land borders while 2 countries share sea borders with India.
• Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan share land borders with India.
• Sri Lanka and the Maldives are two countries with water borders.
• Bhutan is the smallest neighboring country of India in terms of area and land borders.

Important Points

• The total area of Bhutan is 38,394 km².
• The total area of Myanmar is 676,575 km².
• The total area of Nepal is 147,516 km².
• The total area of Pakistan is 796,095 km².

This question is based on the positional value of alphabets.

The logic followed here is-

    And   

Similarly, 

Hence, 'option 3' is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is-

Hence, 'option 4' is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Amount to Principal for 3 periods (24/8 = 3): A/P = 10381.80 / 7800 = 1.331.

For n = 3, 1 + r = ³√1.331 = 1.1 ⇒ 8-monthly rate (r) = 10%.

Annual rate x = 10% × (12 / 8) = 15%. New annual rate = 15% + 5% = 20%.

Compounded half-yearly for 1 year (2 periods): Rate = 10% per period.

Effective interest rate = 10 + 10 + (10 × 10 / 100) = 21%.

Compound Interest = 21% of 7800 = 78 × 21 = ₹1638.

∴ The correct answer is ₹1638.

Alternate Method

Given: Principal (P) = ₹7800, Amount (A) = ₹10381.80, Time = 2 years, Compounding = 8-monthly.

Formula Used: A = P(1 + r/100)ⁿ; CI = P[(1 + r/100)ⁿ − 1]

⇒ Number of periods (n) = (2 × 12) / 8 = 3 periods.

⇒ 10381.80 = 7800 (1 + r/100)³

⇒ 10381.80 / 7800 = (1 + r/100)³

⇒ 1.331 = (1 + r/100)³ ⇒ (1.1)³ = (1 + r/100)³

⇒ r/100 = 0.1 ⇒ r = 10% (Rate for 8 months).

⇒ Annual rate x = (10 / 8) × 12 = 15% p.a.

⇒ New rate = x + 5 = 15 + 5 = 20% p.a.

⇒ For half-yearly compounding: New r = 20 / 2 = 10%; n = 1 × 2 = 2.

⇒ CI = 7800 [(1 + 10/100)² − 1]

⇒ CI = 7800 [1.21 − 1] = 7800 × 0.21 = ₹1638.

∴ The correct answer is ₹1638.

Additional Information

Effective Rate of Interest

When interest is compounded more than once a year, the effective rate is given by R_eff = [ (1 + r/n)ⁿ − 1 ] × 100, where n is the number of compounding periods.

Compounding Frequency Rule

For a period of T years and annual rate R%, if interest is compounded every 'k' months: New Rate = R × (k/12) and New Time = (T × 12)/k.

Successive Percentage Method

For 2 periods at r%, the total compound interest percentage is r + r + (r×r)/100.

This question is based on the concept of positional value of alphabets.

The logic followed here is-

       

Similarly,

Thus, 'option 3' is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Total Sheet Area = 36 × 16 = 576 cm².

Sum of circle areas = (22/7) × (6² + 4² + 2²) = (22/7) × 56 = 176 cm².

Area of square = 576 − 176 = 400 cm².

Side of square = √400 = 20 cm.

∴ The correct answer is 20 cm.

Alternate Method

Given:

Length (L) = 36 cm, Breadth (B) = 16 cm

Radii of 3 circles: r₁ = 6 cm, r₂ = 4 cm, r₃ = 2 cm

Formula Used:

Area of Rectangle = Length × Breadth

Area of Circle = π × r²

Area of Square = side²

Calculations:

⇒ Area of Rectangular Sheet = 36 × 16 = 576 cm²

⇒ Total Area of 3 Circular Plates = π × (r₁² + r₂² + r₃²)

⇒ Area = (22/7) × (6² + 4² + 2²)

⇒ Area = (22/7) × (36 + 16 + 4) = (22/7) × 56

⇒ Area = 22 × 8 = 176 cm²

⇒ Remaining Area = Sheet Area − Total Circle Area

⇒ Remaining Area = 576 − 176 = 400 cm²

⇒ Area of Square = 400 cm²

⇒ side² = 400

⇒ side = √400 = 20 cm

∴ The correct answer is 20 cm.

Additional Information

Area of 2D Shapes

The Area of a rectangle is the product of its length and breadth (L × B). For a circle, the area is πr², where π ≈ 22/7.

Square Side Formula

If the Area of a square is known, the length of each side is the square root of the area (√Area).

Units of Measurement

Always ensure that all dimensions are in the same units (e.g., cm) before performing subtraction or comparison of areas.

The correct answer is 30 May 1987.

• Goa became India's 25th state on 30 May 1987.

Key Points

• Goa is India's smallest state by area.
• Goa remained under the Portuguese administration even after India gained independence in 1947.
• After a 36-hour battle, the Indian Army invaded and captured Goa in 1961.
• Goa, Daman, and Diu merged to become the union territory of Goa, Daman, and Diu.
• From 19 December 1961 until 30 May 1987, the territory of Goa, Daman, and Diu was a union territory of India.
• Goa was granted statehood in 1987.
• Every year on December 19, Goa commemorates its liberation.
• The Indian government recognized Konkani as Goa's official language in February 1987.
• Pratapsingh Rane was the first Chief Minister of the newly established Goa state and had previously served as Chief Minister of Goa, Daman, and Diu.

 Important Points​

• Goa is located on the southwestern coast of India within the region known as the Konkan and geographically separated from the Deccan highlands by the Western Ghats.
• Capital: Panji.
• Official Language:
• Konkani which is one of the 22 languages from the Eight Schedule.
• Borders:
• It is surrounded by Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka to the east and south, with the Arabian Sea forming its western coast.
• Geography:
• The highest point of Goa is Sonsogor.
• Goa's seven major rivers are the Zuari, Mandovi, Terekhol, Chapora, Galgibag, Kumbarjua canal, Talpona and the Sal.
• Most of Goa's soil cover is made up of laterites.

The correct answer is Rapti.

• Rapti river originates in our neighboring country Nepal.

Key Points

• Rapti River denotes one of the two – East Rapti River or West Rapti River.
• East Rapti River: 
• It is a small river draining the Chitwan Valley in Nepal.
• Flowing from east to west, it forms the northern border of the Chitwan National Park, also joining the Narayani River inside the protected area.
• It flows through the Mahabharat Range.
• The tributaries: from left - Samari, Karra, Kukhreni, Reu, Panchand, and right – Lothther and Manahari.
• West Rapti River:
• It locates in both the country, Nepal and India.
• Draining the Rapti Zone of Nepal, this river flows from the Mid-Western Region to the Awadh and Purwanchal regions of Uttar Pradesh state of India.
• Finally, it joins the major left-bank tributary of the Ganges, Ghaghara, known as Karnali inside Nepal.
• The tributaries are Lungri Khola, Jhimruk Khola, Ami River, and Rohini river.

Additional Information

• Indus:
• The Indus originates from the Bokhar Chu (glacier) on the northern slopes of Mt. Kailash.
• Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Satluj are its main tributaries.
• The River passes by the Nanga-Parvat and turns southwest to enter Pakistan.
• Ganga:
• It is a transboundary river of Asia which flows through India and Bangladesh.
• The important tributaries are the Yamuna, the Ramaganga, the Gomti, the Ghagra, the Son, the Gandak, the Burhi Gandak, the Kosi and the Mahananda.
• At Farakka in West Bengal, the river divides into two arms namely the Padma which flows to Bangladesh, and the Hooghly which flows through West Bengal.
• Brahmaputra:
• It is known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet and the Dihang River in Arunachal Pradesh.
• It originates in the Manasarovar Lake region, near Mount Kailash.
• The principal tributaries of the river are the Lohit, the Dibang, the Subansiri, the Jiabharali, the Dhansiri, the Manas, the Torsa, the Sankosh, and the Teesta.

Given:

Sum = Rs. 4750

Time = $5\frac{1}{2}$ years

Amount = Rs. 6840

Concept used:

S.I = PTR/100

P = Principal

T = time

R = rate

Amount = P + S.I

Calculation:

Interest = 6840 - 4750

⇒ 2090

Let the rate be R

According to the question,

2090 = (4750 × 11 × R)/(100 × 2)

⇒ 2090 × 20 = 475 × 11R

⇒ R = 41800/(475 × 11)

⇒ R = 8

∴ The per annum per cent rate of simple interest paid is 8

The correct answer is Ravi Shankar.

• Ravi Shankar is the founder of the National Orchestra of India.

Key Points

• Ravi Shankar (Ravindra Shankar Chowdhury) was an Indian musician, player of the sitar, and composer.
• He founded the National Orchestra of India.
• He was influential in stimulating Western appreciation of Indian music.
• He was honored with Bharat Ratna in 1999.
• He won Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1962.
• He won UNESCO International Music Council Award in 1975.

Additional Information

• Uday Shankar:
• ​He was an Indian dancer and choreographer.
• He was a pioneer of modern dance in India.
• He was awarded Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship in 1962.
• He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1971.
• Ananda Shankar:
• ​He was an Indian musician, singer, and composer.
• He was the nephew of Indian classical musician Ravi Shankar.
• He released his first album, Ananda Shankar, in 1970,
• Anoushka Shankar:
• ​She is a British-Indian-American sitar player, producer, and film composer.
• She has won 7 Grammy Awards nominations and was the first Indian musician to perform live at the ceremony.
• She is the daughter of  Indian classical musician Ravi Shankar.

The correct answer is Ficus.

• Ficus plants do not fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Key Points

• Nitrogen fixation is the process by which nitrogen is taken from its molecular form (N₂) in the atmosphere and converted into nitrogen compounds useful for other biochemical processes.
• Fixation can occur through atmospheric (lightning), industrial, or biological processes.
• A Nitrogen-fixing crop is a natural way to provide plant-adjusted Nitrogen without any industrial harm to nature.
• Nitrogen-fixing cover crops bring multiple benefits to farmers:
• Participate in Nitrogen fixation
• Protect soil from erosion by covering it or holding it in place with strong root systems
• Improve soil fertility when used as green manure
• Retain soil moisture
• Help in weed management with crop residues
• Serve as forage and grazing material for poultry and cattle
• Attract pollinators at the crop flowering time.
• Legumes are known as the best nitrogen-fixing plants and can be grown either as cash or cover crops.
• Some of the legume species are Lentils, Chickpea, Peanuts, Mung beans, pigeon pea, etc.
• The Ficus tree is a species of flowering plant.
• It is the official tree of Bangkok.

Given:

A dealer sells an article at Rs. 403.20, after offering a discount of 16% on its marked price.

Concept used:

Selling price = Cost price + Cost price × Profit%

Selling price = Marked price - Markes price × Discount%

Calculation:

Marked price = 403.20 × 100/84

⇒ 480

Now if he sell the article at Rs. 480 there would be a profit of 28%

So, Cost price = 480 × 100/128

⇒ Rs. 375

∴ The cost price of the article is Rs. 375

The correct answer is Rs. 50,000 crores.

Key Points

• Rs. 50,000 cr. for National Research Foundation
• Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman earmarked Rs. 50,000 crore over five years for the creation of a National Research Foundation (NRF) — an umbrella body that is expected to fund research across a range of disciplines, from science and technology to humanities.
• Sitharaman had first announced such a foundation in her 2019 Budget speech after it was proposed in a draft of India’s New Education Policy (NEP).
• NRF will ensure that the overall research ecosystem in the country is strengthened with a focus on identified national priority thrust areas.
• The NRF will also seed and build research capacity at universities and colleges through a formal mechanism of mentoring.
• It will also catalyse research at universities and colleges that have until now not been big players in research.
• The NRF will also help build the capacity to do research through an institutionalised mentoring mechanism, involving expert researchers from premier institutions of the country, the NEP document notes.
• The NRF would be an autonomous body and represented by all major research and education bodies.

The correct answer is Padmasambhava.

• The** Hemis Gompa festival is celebrated to celebrate the birth anniversary of Guru Padmasambhava**.

Key Points

• Hemis festival of Ladakh is celebrated to mark the birth anniversary of Guru Padmasambhava.
• It is a two-day celebration that marks the victory of good over evil.
• The legend has it that Lord Padamsambhav defeated the dark forces with the help of Vajrayana Buddhism.
• The masked dance performance called Cham makes the festival more attractive.
• It is a slow dance and depicts the war between good and evil wherein the good wins.

Additional Information

• Katyayana:
• He was a disciple of Gautama Buddha.
• He is listed as one of the ten principal disciples.
• He is also known as Phra Sangkajai.
• Patrul Rinpoche:
• ​He was a teacher and author from the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.
• Some of his teachings are:
• Use the time of your life.
• Develop your inner happiness.
• Recognize the impermanence of all outer pleasure.
• Marpa Lotsawa:
• He ​was a Tibetan Buddhist teacher credited with the transmission of many Vajrayana teachings from India.
• He is said to have founded Stongdey Monastery in Zanskar in 1052 CE.

Given,

• Two persons give one right answer and one wrong answer.
• Two persons give both answers wrong.

⇒ Thus, the day which is common in the answer of any two persons and also that day should not be answered by remaining two persons (who gave only wrong answers) would be the day today.

Tabulating the given information-

Thus, Wednesday is the common answer given by Person 1 and Person 4.

Also, Wednesday is not given as an answer by Person 2 and Person 3.

Thus, Wednesday is the day today.

Hence, 'option 4' is the correct answer.

No. of persons = 6

Name of persons: A, B, C, D, E and F

Arranging persons by their speaking order-

1. A spoke immediately before D but immediately after B. B spoke immediately after F.

F ► B ► A ► D

2. C spoke immediately after D but before E.

F ► B ► A ► D ► C ► E

Thus, F started the discussion.

Hence, 'option 1' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Brahmaputra.

• Brahmaputra river is also known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in the Tibet region of China.

Key Points

• The Yarlung Tsangpo River is the longest river in the Tibet Region, China.
• Downstream from Arunachal Pradesh, the river becomes wider and after reaching Assam, the river is known as the Brahmaputra.
• The river is called the Everest of Rivers because of its extreme conditions.
• It is also called the Dihang River in Arunachal Pradesh.
• It originates from the Manasarovar Lake region, near Mount Kailash.
• It flows southwest through the Assam Valley as the Brahmaputra and south through Bangladesh as the Jamuna.
• It merges with the Ganges, popularly known as the Padma in Bangladesh, becomes the Meghna, and ultimately empties into the Bay of Bengal.

Additional Information

• **Indus:**​
• The Indus originates from the Bokhar Chu (glacier) on the northern slopes of Mt. Kailash.
• Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Satluj are its main tributaries.
• The River passes by the Nanga-Parvat and turns southwest to enter Pakistan.
• **Sutlej:**​
• Sutlej originates from Rakshastal Lake.
• Rakshastal Lake is located near Lake Manasarovar and Mount Kailash.
• Sutlej River is also known as Shatadru (Ancient name).
• River Sutlej is one of the major tributaries of Indus.
• Teesta:
• ​Teesta River originates from the Pahunri (or Teesta Kangse) glacier in Sikkim.
• It is a tributary of the Brahmaputra.
• It flows through Sikkim and West Bengal through Bangladesh and enters the Bay of Bengal.

Given:

The mean of a certain number of observations is 12

 If one observation is removed and the mean remains unaltered

Concept used:

Mean = Sum of observation/No. of observation

Calculation:

Let total observations be a

So, total = 12 × a = 12a

Now, after removing one observation no. of observation = a - 1

New total = (a - 1) × 12 = 12a - 12

Difference = 12a - (12a - 12)

⇒ 12 i.e the removed observation.

∴ Required answer is 12

The correct answer is Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act.

Key Points

• The FRBM Act aims to introduce transparency in India's fiscal management systems.
• The Act's long-term objective is for India to achieve fiscal stability and give the RBI flexibility to deal with inflation in India.
• In 2016, the government set up a committee under N K Singh to review the FRBM Act.

In News 

• In 2021-22, the government had not provided a target for the next three years and will amend the FRBM Act to accommodate the higher fiscal deficit.
• The fiscal deficit is targeted at 6.8% of GDP in 2020-21 (4.6% in 2019-20)
• In Union Budget 2021 speech, the Finance Minister has announced the government's aim to steadily reduce the fiscal deficit to 4.5% of GDP by 2025-26.

Additional Information

FRBM Act:

• It was enacted in August 2003.
• It aims to make the Central government responsible for ensuring inter-generational equity in fiscal management and long-term macro-economic stability.
• The Act envisages the setting of limits on the Central government’s debt and deficits.
• It limited the fiscal deficit to 3% of the GDP.
• To ensure that the States to are financially prudent, the 12th Finance Commission’s recommendations in 2004 linked debt relief to States with their enactment of similar laws.
• The States have since enacted their own respective Financial Responsibility Legislation, which sets the same 3% of Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) cap on their annual budget deficits.
• It also mandates greater transparency in fiscal operations of the Central government and the conduct of fiscal policy in a medium-term framework.
• The Budget of the Union government includes a Medium-Term Fiscal Policy Statement that specifies the annual revenue and fiscal deficit goals over a three-year horizon.
• The rules for implementing the Act were notified in July 2004. The rules were amended in 2018, and most recently to the setting of a target of 3.1% for March 2023.
• The NK Singh committee (set up in 2016) recommended that the government should target a fiscal deficit of 3% of the GDP in the years up to March 31, 2020, cut it to 2.8% in 2020-21, and to 2.5% by 2023.

Given:

Diagonal of cube = 12

Formula used:

Volume of cube = (side)³

Diagonal of a cube = side × √3

Calculation:

According to the question,

Diagonal = side × √3

⇒ 12 = side × √3

⇒ 4 × 3 = side × √3

⇒ 4 × (√3)² = side × √3

⇒ side = 4√3 cm

Now, Volume of cube = (4√3)³ = 192√3 cm³

∴ The volume of a cube is 192√3 cm3.

The correct answer is Kashmir.

• Kalhana's Rajatarangini in the Sanskrit language covers the history of kings who ruled over Kashmir.

Key Points

• Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the kings of Kashmir.
• The meaning of the word Rajatarangini is The River of Kings.
• It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century.
• It consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas.
• It covers the entire period of history from the earliest times until the date of its composition in the Kashmir region.
• A Persian translation of Rajatarangini was commissioned by Zain-ul-Abidin.

The correct answer is difference between.

• The profit of a firm is the difference between the total revenue earned and the total cost incurred.

Key Points

• Profit is the surplus left from revenue after paying all costs.
• Profit is found by deducting total costs from revenue.
• Profit = Total revenue - Total costs
• Revenue is the amount of money that a business brings in by selling its goods or services at a certain price.
• The total revenue represents the total amount of money earned by a business, and marginal revenue refers to the increase in revenue achieved by selling one additional unit of a product or service.
• Total cost is all the costs incurred in producing something or engaging in an activity.

This question is based on concept of positional value of alphabets.

The logic followed here is-

Hence, 'option 2' is the correct answer.

According to the information given in question-

1. M sits third from one of the extreme ends of the line. N sits second to the right of M.

2. As many people sit to the right of N as to the left of P. S sits third to the right of P. 

3. X sits to the immediate right of Y. Only one person sits between X and V.

Case I is eliminated as these conditions can not be applied in that case. Thus, final arrangement is-

Clearly, one person sits to the right of T.

Hence, 'option 2' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Meteosat - 11.

• The orbit of Meteosat - 11 is not sun-synchronous.

Key Points

• The Meteosat series of satellites are geostationary meteorological satellites operated by EUMETSAT under the Meteosat Transition Programme (MTP) and the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) program.
• EUMETSAT currently operates the Meteosat -9, -10, and -11 in geostationary orbit (36,000km) over Europe and Africa, and Meteosat-8 over the Indian Ocean.
• Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) is a particular kind of polar orbit.
• Satellites in SSO, traveling over the polar regions, are synchronous with the Sun.
• This means they are synchronized to always be in the same 'fixed' position relative to the Sun.

Additional Information

• ERS-1:
• It is a sun-synchronous satellite.
• It was launched in 1991.
• ERS stands for European Remote Sensing satellite.
• NIMBUS-7:
• It is the seventh and last satellite in the series of the Nimbus program.
• It is a sun-synchronous satellite.
• It was launched on October 24, 1978, by a Delta rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, United States.
• IKONOS:
• It was a commercial Earth observation satellite.
• It was the first to collect publicly available high-resolution imagery at 1 and 4-meter resolution.
• It is also sun-synchronous and was launched in 1999.

The correct answer is 13th century.

• On the shores of the Bay of Bengal, the temple at Konark was built in the 13th century.

Key Points

• Konark Sun Temple, located in the East Odisha near the sacred city of Puri.
• Built in the 13th year by King Narasimha I (AD 1238-1264).
• Its scale, refinement and concept represent the strength and stability of the Ganga Empire as well as the value systems of the historical environment.
• The temple is designed in the shape of a colossal chariot.
• It is dedicated to the god sun.
• In this sense, it is directly and materially linked to Brahmanism and tantric belief systems.
• The Konark temple is widely known not only for its architectural grandeur but also for the intricacy and profusion of sculptural work.
• It marks the highest point of achievement of Kalinga architecture depicting the grace, the joy and the rhythm of life all its wondrous variety.
• It was declared a UNESCO world heritage site in 1984.
• There are two rows of 12 wheels on each side of the Konark sun temple.
• Sailors once called this Sun Temple of Konark, the Black Pagoda because it was supposed to draw ships into the shore and cause shipwrecks.
• Konârak is the invaluable link in the history of the diffusion of the cult of Surya, which originating in Kashmir during the 8th century, finally reached the shores of Eastern India.

The correct answer is Nuthalapati Venkata Ramana.

• Nuthalapati Venkata Ramana is the Chief Justice of India.

Key Points

• Justice Ramana is the 48^th Chief Justice of India and was born on August 27, 1957.
• He hails from the Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh.
• .He will have a tenure as the Chief Justice of India till August 26, 2022.
• He took charge on April 24, 2021, a day after Sharad Arvind Bobde retired as chief justice.
• He has practiced in the High Court of Andhra Pradesh, Central and Andhra Pradesh Administrative Tribunals, and the Supreme Court of India in Civil, Criminal, Constitutional, Labour, Service, and Election matters.
• He was elevated as a Judge in the Supreme Court of India on 17 February 2014.

Additional Information

• Indira Banerjee
• ​She was born on 24th September 1957.
• Elevated as a permanent Judge of Calcutta High Court on 5th February 2002.
• Appointed Judge of the Delhi High Court on 8th August 2016.
• Sworn in as Chief Justice of Madras High Court on 5th April 2017.
• Elevated as Judge of Supreme Court on 7th August 2018.
• Justice Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai will serve as the 52nd Chief Justice of India, in current continuing the legacy of upholding the Constitution of India.
• Sanjay Kishan Kaul
• ​He practiced mainly in the Commercial, Civil, Writ, Original, and Company jurisdictions of the High Court of Delhi and the Supreme Court of India.
• He remained Advocate-on-Record of the Supreme Court of India from 1987 to 1999 and was designated as a Senior Advocate in December 1999.
• He was appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court of India on 17th February 2017.

The correct answer is Norway.

• Norway ranked first in the Human Development Index Report 2020 prepared by the United Nations Development Programme.

Key Points

• Human Development Index:
• About:
• HDI emphasizes that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth alone.
• Based on three Basic Dimensions of Human Development:
• A long and healthy life,
• Access to knowledge, and
• A decent standard of living.
• Top Performers for 2019:
• Norway topped the index, followed by Ireland and Switzerland. Hong Kong and Iceland complete the top five.
• Performance of the Asian Region:
• Singapore was ranked 11, Saudi Arabia 40, and Malaysia was at 62 in the global index, representing the top bracket among the Asian countries with “very high human development".
• Sri Lanka (72), Thailand (79), China (85) and Indonesia and Philippines (both 107), and Vietnam (117), among others, were “high human development" countries.
• India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Cambodia, Kenya and Pakistan were ranked among countries with “medium human development" with ranks between 120 and 156.

Important Points

• Human Development Report 2020
• Released in Dec 2020 – The theme is ‘Human Development and the Anthropocene’
• India’s rank – 131/189 countries
• HDI of India – 0.645 (medium human development category)
• 50% increase in HDI since 1990 – 0.645 (0.429)
• Since 1990, life expectancy at birth in India increased by 12 years

Shortcut Trick

Effective Rate of Interest for 8 months = (18 / 12) × 8 = 12%

Number of time periods = 16 months ÷ 8 months = 2

Effective CI percentage for 2 periods = 12 + 12 + (12 × 12 / 100) = 25.44%

25.44% of Sum = ₹3,816 ⇒ 100% of Sum = (3816 / 25.44) × 100 = ₹15,000

∴ The correct answer is ₹15,000.

Alternate Method

Given: Rate (R) = 18% p.a., Time = 1 year 4 months = 16 months, CI = ₹3,816, Compounding = 8-monthly.

Formula: CI = P[(1 + r/100)ⁿ − 1]

⇒ Effective Rate (r) = 18% × (8/12) = 12% per period

⇒ Number of periods (n) = 16 / 8 = 2

⇒ 3816 = P[(1 + 12/100)² − 1]

⇒ 3816 = P[(1.12)² − 1]

⇒ 3816 = P[1.2544 − 1]

⇒ 3816 = P × 0.2544

⇒ P = 3816 ÷ 0.2544

⇒ P = 15,000

∴ The correct answer is ₹15,000.

Additional Information

Effective Rate for Compounding

When interest is compounded k-monthly, the rate becomes (R/12) × k and time periods become (T × 12)/k.

CI for 2 Periods

For two equal periods of rate r%, the net effective percentage is r + r + (r²/100)%.

Difference between CI and SI

For 2 years (or 2 periods), the difference is P(r/100)².

Shortcut Trick

Convert stream speed to km/h: (5/6) × (18/5) = 3 km/h.

Upstream Speed = Still water speed − Stream speed = 11 − 3 = 8 km/h.

Time taken = Distance ÷ Upstream Speed = 36 ÷ 8 = 4.5 hours.

4.5 hours = 4 hours 30 minutes.

∴ The correct answer is 4 hr 30 min.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed of boat in still water (u) = 11 km/h

Speed of stream (v) = 5/6 m/s

Distance = 36 km

Formula Used:

⇒ Speed in km/h = Speed in m/s × (18/5)

⇒ Upstream Speed = u − v

⇒ Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Calculations:

⇒ Speed of stream (v) = (5/6) × (18/5) km/h

⇒ v = 3 km/h

⇒ Upstream speed = 11 − 3 = 8 km/h

⇒ Time required = 36 ÷ 8 hours

⇒ Time = 4.5 hours

⇒ Time = 4 hours + 0.5 × 60 minutes = 4 hours 30 minutes

∴ The correct answer is 4 hr 30 min.

Additional Information

Downstream Speed

When rowing with the flow of the stream, the speed is the sum of the still water speed and stream speed (u + v).

Unit Conversion

To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5. To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18.

Average Speed in Still Water

Still water speed (u) = (Downstream speed + Upstream speed) ÷ 2.

• As 2012 is divisible by 4. So, it is a leap year.
• Number of odd days in a leap year = Remainder of (366 ÷ 7) = 2
• So, on 01^st January 2013, the day would be → Day on 01^st Jan 2012 + 2

                                                                                 → Sunday + 2

                                                                                 → Tuesday

Hence, 'option 2' is the correct answer.

According to given information,

• Arranging products from the costliest to the cheapest.

• 'A' is cheaper than 'C' but costlier than 'B'.

So, C > A > B

• 'E' is costlier than 'C' but cheaper than 'D'.

So, D > E > C

♦ Combining both sequences: D > E > C > A > B

Thus, clearly B is the cheapest.

Hence, 'option 4' is the correct answer.

• Statement I: Sujatha's birthday can be on → Wednesday or Thursday or Friday.

Thus, Statement I alone is not sufficient as no definite answer can be given.

• Statement II: Sujatha's birthday can be on → Tuesday or Wednesday

Thus, Statement II alone is not sufficient as no definite answer can be given.

• Combining data in Statement I and Statement II:

Sujatha's birthday can be on → Wednesday

Thus, both statements are required.

Hence, 'option 4' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Lahaul-Spiti.

Key Points

• Atal Tunnel:
• On October 3, 2020, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the ‘Atal Tunnel’ World’s Longest Highway Tunnel in Manali, Himachal Pradesh.
• The 9.02 Kilometre Long Tunnel has been constructed by Border Roads Organisation (BRO) at a cost of INR 3, 300 crores.
• It connects Manali and Lahaul-Spiti Valley.

 Important Points

• The Tunnel is built in the Pir Panjal Range of the Himalayas at an altitude of 3000 Meters (10, 000 Feet) from the Mean Sea Level (MSL).
• Prior to the construction of the Tunnel, Lahaul-Spiti valley was cut off for 6 months due to heavy snowfall.
• It reduces the road distance between Manali and Leh by 46 kilometres and time by about 4 to 5 hours, and the distance between Manali and Keylong (Himachal) will be reduced by 3-4 hours.
• The South Portal (SP) of the Atal Tunnel has located a distance of 25 kilometres from Manali and the North Portal (NP) is located near the village of Telling, Sissu, in Lahaul Valley.
• The Tunnel can withstand a traffic density of 3, 000 cars a day and 1, 500 trucks a day at a maximum speed of 80 Kilometres Per Hour.

Given:

$\sqrt {0.25} + 2\sqrt {0.0049} - 0.3\sqrt {0.09}$

Calculation:

$\sqrt {0.25} + 2\sqrt {0.0049} - 0.3\sqrt {0.09}$

⇒ $0.5 + 2 \times 0.07 - 0.3 \times 0.3$

⇒ 0.5 + 0.14 - 0.09

⇒ 0.55

∴ Required answer is 0.55

The correct answer is Universal Serial Bus.

Key Points

• The full form of USB is Universal Serial Bus.
• USB is a plug and play interface that allows a computer to communicate with external and other devices.
• The first commercial release of the Universal Serial Bus (version 1.0) was in January 1996.
• USB Pendrive is a Secondary type of storage device.
• USB connectors come in different shapes and sizes. They are of various types which include the standard USB, Mini USB, and Micro USB, have two or more variations of connectors.

Additional Information 

• A primary storage device is a storage medium that holds a memory for short periods of time while a computer is running.
• Random-access memory (RAM) and cache are both examples of a primary storage device.
• Tertiary storage devices comprise high-capacity data archives designed to include vast numbers of removable media, such as tapes or optical discs.

The given information can be depicted as follows-

Thus, Rekha is facing South-West direction at the end.

Hence, 'option 4'  is the correct answer.

The correct answer is It is determined by the market forces of demand and supply.

Key Points

• A floating exchange rate is a regime where the currency price of a nation is set by the forex market based on supply and demand relative to other currencies.
• This is in contrast to a fixed exchange rate, in which the government entirely or predominantly determines the rate.
• A floating exchange rate means that currencies change in relative value all the time.
• For example, one U.S dollar might buy one British Pound today, but it might only buy 0.95 British Pounds tomorrow.

Additional Information

• Demand: Demand is an economic term that refers to the number of products or services that consumers wish to purchase at any given price level.
• Supply: In economics, supply is the number of goods an individual or business provides to the market.
• Forex: Foreign exchange is a global market for exchanging national currencies with one another.

The least possible Venn diagram for given statements is-

Conclusions:

I. Some flowers are beautiful. → Follows (As can be seen in the Venn diagram, a part of flowers that is orchid is beautiful)

II. All beautiful are flowers. → Does not follow (it is possible but not definite)

Hence, 'option 1' is the correct answer.

According to the given information-

1. V scored more than only T and X. W scored less than only U.

2. X did not score the least. So, Case I is eliminated.

The one who scored the third highest marks, scored 91 marks. X scored 72 marks.

Final arrangement will be-

Thus, V's score should be more than 72 and less than 91.

Hence, 'option 2' is the correct answer.

Concept used:

S.I = PTR/100

P = Principal

T = time 

R = rate

Calculation:

Let the sum be Rs. 100x

According to the question,

(100x × 12 × 11)(100 × 2) - (100x × 15 × 10)/(100 × 3) = 1840

⇒ 66x - 50x = 1840

⇒ 16x = 1840

⇒ x = 1840/16

⇒ x = 115

So, sum = 100 × 115 = 11500

∴ The sum is Rs. 11500

The correct answer is liver.

Key Points

• Hepatitis A is caused by a virus that infects liver cells and causes inflammation.
• Hepatitis A virus can spread:
• Eating food handled by someone with the virus who doesn't thoroughly wash his or her hands after using the toilet
• Drinking contaminated water
• Eating raw shellfish from water polluted with sewage
• Being in close contact with a person who's infected — even if that person has no signs or symptoms
• Having sex with someone who has the virus

Important Points 

• Difference between hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C:
• Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C are liver infections caused by three different viruses.
• Hepatitis A is usually a short-term infection and does not become a long-term infection.
• Hepatitis B and hepatitis C can also begin as short-term infections but in some people, the virus remains in the body and causes chronic, or lifelong, infection.
• There are vaccines to prevent hepatitis A and hepatitis B; however, there is no vaccine for hepatitis C.

Additional Information

• Americans Harvey J Alter and Charles M Rice, and British scientist Michael Houghton were awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology(2020)  for the discovery of the hepatitis C virus.

The correct answer is Sportsperson.

 Key Points

• Gianluigi Donnarumma is an Italian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Italy national team.
• He also plays for Ligue 1 club Paris Saint-Germain.

In News

• Donnarumma saved 2 penalties in the Euro cup 2020 final against England.
• He was crowned Euro 2020 Player of the Tournament.
• He has joined Paris Saint-Germain on a five-year deal after leaving Serie A club AC Milan on a free transfer.

According to the question, the path she travelled can be depicted as-

Thus, she is in east direction from her house and is at a distance of (15 km + 7 km) = 22 km

Hence, 'option 4' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Fe.

Key Points

• D block elements are the elements that can be found from the third group to the twelfth group of the modern periodic table.
• The valance electrons of these elements fall under the d orbital.
• D block elements are also referred to as transition elements or transition metals.
• The first three rows of the d block elements correspond to the 3d, 4d and 5d orbitals.

3d - Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn.

• 4d - Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd
• 5d - La, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg
• Fe ( Iron) is in Group - 8 and period -4. Atomic number= 26.

Explanation-

• The electronic configuration of the iron is [Ar] 3d⁶ 4s²
• The electronic configuration of the calcium is [Ar] 4s²
• The electronic configuration of the mg is [Ne] 3s²
• The electronic configuration of the Na is[Ne] 3s¹
• From the electronic configuration of the various elements, we can understand that the Fe comes under the d block element as its outermost electron falls under the d shell.

Hence due to the  Aufbau principle which  states that electrons fill lower-energy atomic orbitals before filling higher-energy ones 3d is written before 4s, 

Hence the Fe comes under the d block element

Important Points

• Calcium (Ca) is one of the alkaline-earth metals of Group 2 (IIa) of the periodic table. Atomic number= 20.
• Magnesium (Mg) is another alkaline-earth metal of Group 2 (IIa) of the periodic table. Atomic number = 12.
• Sodium (Na) is the most common alkali metal and the sixth most abundant element on earth, Atomic number= 11.

Shortcut Trick

In a 30°-60°-90° triangle, the sides opposite to these angles are in the ratio 1 : √3 : 2.

The height of the tower is opposite the 30° angle, so 1 unit = 30 m.

The distance from the foot is opposite the 60° angle, so √3 units = 30 × √3 m.

Distance = 30√3 m.

∴ The correct answer is 30√3 m.

Alternate Method

Given:

Height of tower (AB) = 30 m

Angle of depression = 30°

Angle of elevation (θ) = 30° (Alternate interior angles are equal)

Formula Used:

tan θ = Perpendicular / Base

Calculations:

⇒ tan 30° = AB / BC

⇒ 1 / √3 = 30 / BC

⇒ BC = 30 × √3

⇒ BC = 30√3 m

∴ The correct answer is 30√3 m.

Additional Information

Angle of Depression and Elevation

The Angle of Depression from an observer's eye to an object below is numerically equal to the Angle of Elevation from the object to the observer's eye because they are alternate interior angles.

Trigonometric Ratios

For height and distance problems, tan θ (Opposite/Adjacent) and cot θ (Adjacent/Opposite) are the most commonly used ratios.

30-60-90 Triangle Rule

In a right triangle with angles 30° and 60°, the side ratio is 1 : √3 : 2. The side opposite 30° is x, the side opposite 60° is x√3, and the hypotenuse is 2x.

Given:

The square of a positive number is 6 more than five times the number

Calculation:

Let the number be a

According to the question,

a² = 5a + 6

⇒ a2 - 5a - 6 = 0

⇒ a2 - 6a + a - 6 = 0

⇒ a(a - 6) + 1(a - 6) = 0

⇒ (a - 6)(a + 1) = 0

⇒ a = 6 or - 1 but -1 cannot be the number as given it is a positive number

∴ Required answer is 6.

The correct answer is Ashtadhyayi.

Key Points

• Ashtadhyayi means Eight Chapters.
• Sanskrit treatise on grammar was written in the 6th to 5th century BCE by the Indian grammarian Panini.
• This work set the linguistic standards for Classical Sanskrit.
• It sums up in 4,000 sutras the science of phonetics and grammar that had evolved in the Vedic religion.
• Panini was a Sanskrit grammarian who gave a comprehensive and scientific theory of phonetics, phonology, and morphology.

Important Points

• Lalitavistara is the Sanskrit word that means Detailed Narration of the Sport (of the Buddha).
• The legendary life of the Gautama Buddha is written in a combination of Sanskrit and a vernacular.
• Mahavastu is the Sanskrit word that means Great Story.
• The important legendary life of the buddha was produced as a late canonical work by the Mahasanghika school of early Buddhism and presented as a historical introduction to the Vinaya.
• Buddhacharita is an epic poem in the Sanskrit Mahakavya style on the life of Gautama Buddha by Asvaghosa.

The correct answer is Britain.

Key Points

• Provisions were borrowed by our Constitution makers from the British constitution
• Law-making Procedure
• First Past the Post
• Parliamentary Form of Government
• The idea of the Rule of Law
• Institution of the Speaker and her/his role Law-making procedure

Important Points 

• Provisions were borrowed by our Constitution makers from the Canadian Constitution 
• A quasi-federal form of government (a federal system with a strong central government)
• The idea of Residual Powers
• Provisions were borrowed by our Constitution makers from Irish Constitution 
• Directive Principles of State Policy
• Provisions were borrowed by our Constitution makers from the French Constitution
• Principles of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
• Provisions were borrowed by our Constitution makers from the United States Constitution 
• Charter of Fundamental Rights
• Power of Judicial Review and independence of the judiciary
• Provisions were borrowed by our Constitution makers from Japan
• Procedure Established by law.

Shortcut Trick

When the distance for both journeys is the same, the Average Speed is the Harmonic Mean of the two speeds.

Formula: Average Speed = (2 × x × y) ÷ (x + y)

Here, x = 74 km/h and y = 111 km/h.

Average Speed = (2 × 74 × 111) ÷ (74 + 111) = 16428 ÷ 185

Average Speed = 88.8 km/h.

∴ The correct answer is 88.8 km/h.

Alternate Method

Given:

Speed from A to B (S₁) = 74 km/h

Speed from B to A (S₂) = 111 km/h

Formula Used:

Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time

⇒ Let the distance between A and B be the LCM of 74 and 111, which is 222 km.

⇒ Time taken from A to B (T₁) = 222 ÷ 74 = 3 hours.

⇒ Time taken from B to A (T₂) = 222 ÷ 111 = 2 hours.

⇒ Total Distance = 222 + 222 = 444 km.

⇒ Total Time = 3 + 2 = 5 hours.

⇒ Average Speed = 444 ÷ 5 = 88.8 km/h.

∴ The correct answer is 88.8 km/h.

Additional Information

Average Speed for Unequal Distances

If a person covers distances d₁, d₂, d₃ at speeds s₁, s₂, s₃, then Average Speed = (d₁ + d₂ + d₃) ÷ (d₁/s₁ + d₂/s₂ + d₃/s₃).

Unit Conversion

To convert speed from km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert from m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Constant Time Scenario

If a person travels at speed x for time t and speed y for the same time t, the Average Speed is the Arithmetic Mean: (x + y) ÷ 2.

The correct answer is Vikram Chandra.

Key Points

• Vikram Chandra is an Indian-American writer.
• His first novel, Red Earth and Pouring Rain, won the **1996 Commonwealth writer prize for Best First Book.**​

Important Points

• Suketu Mehta
• He is a New York-based author of the book Maximum City.
• Finalist for the 2005 Pulitzer prize.
• Arundhati Roy 
• She is an Indian author, actress, and political activist.
• She wrote the noble The God of small things (1997), which won the Booker prize.

On the basis of the criteria for the selection and the information given about Rahul, the following deductions can be made-

A. Be a graduate with at least 50% marks → Yes, Rahul satisfies this criterion as he is a 1st class (60% or more) graduate.

B. Have a qualified bachelor's degree in education → Yes, Rahul satisfies this criterion since he has also completed B.Ed.

C. Not be less than 21 years and not more than 32 years as on 1st July 2021. → No information about his present age is provided.

D. For a candidate with Master in Education, the school board may relax the upper age limit. → No information about Rahul's Masters is mentioned anywhere.

• As no information about Rahul's age or Masters is provided, so a decision can not be taken.

​Hence, 'option 2' is the correct answer.

Given:

The radius of a sphere and the base radius of the cone both are equal to $3√ 2$ cm

Concept used:

The surface area of the sphere = 4πr2 

Total surface area of the cone = π(r + l)r

Slant height = √(radius² + height²)

r = radius

l = slant height

Calculation:

Let slant height and height of the cone be l and h

According to the question,

4πr² = π(r + l) r

⇒ 4 × π × 3√2² = π(3√2 + l)3√2

⇒ 4 × 3√2 = 3√2 + l

⇒ 12√2 = 3√2 + l

⇒ 9√2 = l

9√2² = 3√2² + h²

⇒ 162 - 18 = h2

⇒ 144 = h2

⇒ 12 = h

So, height of the cone = 12 cm

∴ The height of the cone is 12

The least possible Venn diagram is for the given statements is-

Conclusions:

(I) Some clothes are dresses → Follows (part of clothes is dresses)

(II) All shirts are dresses.→ Does not follow (it is possible but not definite)

Hence, 'option 1' is the correct answer.

Given:

8-digit number 4523a60b is divisible by 15

Concept used:

a number is completely divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.

If the last number is either 0 or 5, the entire number is divisible by 5.

Calculation:

Factors of 15 = (3 × 5) and the divisibility rule of 15 says that sum of digits be divided by 3 and the last number will be 5.

Possible values of b are 0 and 5

Now,

4 + 5 + 2 + 3 + a + 6 + 0 + 0 = 20 + a

Here a can be 1, 4, 7

For greatest we need to take 7

So, a + b = 7 + 0 = 7 which is not present in the option

Again,

4 + 5 + 2 + 3 + a + 6 + 0 + 5 = 25 + a

Here a can be 2, 5, 8

For greatest we need to take 8

So, a + b = 8 + 5 = 13  which is present in the option

∴ Required answer is 13

The correct answer is Gujarat.

Key Points

• Siddi, also known by the names of sheedi and Habshi, is one of the major tribal communities of Gujarat, while a few of them also live in parts of Karnataka, Goa, and Maharastra.
• Most Siddis are believed to be the descendants of slaves, sailors, servants, and merchants from the Bantu-speaking parts of East Africa who arrived and became residents of the subcontinent during the 1200-1900 CE period.
• The cultural heritage of Siddis dates back almost 300 years.

Important Points

• Gujarat
• Capital - Gandhinagar
• CM - Bhupendrabhai Patel
• Governor - Acharya Devvrat

The correct answer is population pyramid.

Key Points

• Population Pyramid:
• The population pyramid tells the story of the people living in the country. As it shows the composition of males and females of the specific country.
• The population pyramid shows the age-wise composition of the country. This includes the working-age population as well as the dependent population of the country.
• Population pyramids are useful for studying the future of a region as well as examining historical and current population trends.

Hence, The Population pyramid tells the story of the people living in the country, it also shows the dependent population of the country.

Persons sitting in Row 1 facing South: J, K, L, M & N

Persons sitting in Row 2 facing North: Q, R, S, T & U

According to given information,

1. Only two people sit to the left of Q. J faces an immediate neighbour of Q. M sits to the immediate left of J.

 

 

2. The one who faces K sits to the immediate left of S. Neither K nor S sit at any of the extreme ends. Thus, Case I is eliminated as this is not possible in Case I.

3. Only two people sit between S and T. N faces an immediate neighbour of U.

Thus, clearly M faces R.

Hence, 'option 1' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Madurai.

Key Points

• Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi is a name that is synonymous with the world of Carnatic music.
• She was the first singer to be presented with India's highest civil honor, the Bharat Ratna.
• When she was honored with the Ramon Magsaysay award, which is considered Asia's Nobel Prize, she became the first Indian musician to do so.

Important Points

• Carnatic Music
• It is a form of Indian Classical music with origins in Southern India
• Lyrics in Carnatic music are largely devotional; most of the songs emphasize love and other social issues or rest on the concept of sublimation of human emotions for union with the divine.

The correct answer is Europe.

Key Points

• The name Scandinavia comes from that a region in southern Sweden called Skane or Scania.
• The terms Norden and Nordic, both meaning "North," have also been used to refer collectively to the five Scandinavian countries i.e., Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands.
• It is a subregion in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples.

Additional Information 

Given:

Pipe A can fill 50% of a tank in 4 hours

Pipe B can completely fill the same tank in 12 hours

Concept used:

Total work = LCM of time taken pipes to fill a tank alone

Calculation:

Pipe A can fill 50% of a tank in 4 hours

So, full in 8 hours

Now, LCM of 12 and 8 is 24 i.e total work

Efficiency of A and B = 24/8 = 3, 24/12 = 2

Effective efficiency = 5

Time = 24/5 = $4\frac{4}{5}$ hours

4/5 hours = 48 minutes

∴ Required time is 4 hours 48 minutes

Given:

x = $\frac{{2 + \sqrt 3 }}{{2 - \sqrt 3 }}$

Concept used:

Concept of Rationalisation

Calculation:

x = $\frac{{2 + √ 3 }}{{2 - √ 3 }}$

⇒ x = $\frac{{(2 + √ 3)(2 + √ 3) }}{{(2 - √ 3)(2 + √ 3)}}$

⇒ x = $\frac{{(2 + √ 3)^2 }}{{2^2 - (√ 3)^2}}$

⇒ x = $\frac{{(2 + √ 3)^2 }}{{4 - 3}}$

⇒ x = ${{(2 + √ 3)^2 }}$

⇒ x = 2² + √3² + 2 × 2 × √3

⇒  x = 4 + 3 +  4√3 = 7 + 4√3

(x - 7)2

⇒ (7 + 4√3 - 7)²

⇒ (4√3)2

⇒ 48

∴ Required answer is 48

The correct answer is UAE.

Key Points

• The Palm Jumeirah is an archipelago of artificial islands in Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates, created using land reclamation which extends into the Persian Gulf.
• From the air, the archipelago resembles a stylized palm tree within a circle.
• Palm Jumeirah was built in the early 21st century and was largely financed by Dubai's substantial income from petroleum.

Important Points

• United Arab Emirates:
• Capital - Abu Dhabi
• President - Mohamed bin Zayed al Nahyan.

Given:

810.16 × 30.36

Concept used:

(a^b)^c = a ^(b × c)

Calculation:

810.16 × 30.36

⇒ 3^4 × 0.16 × 30.36

⇒ 30.64 × 30.36

⇒ 30.64 + 0.36

⇒ 31

⇒ 3

∴ Required answer is 3

Given:

95 ÷ 15 - 34 ÷ {18 - 4 ÷ (3 × 12) × 9} × 2

Concept used:

Calculation:

95 ÷ 15 - 34 ÷ {18 - 4 ÷ (3 × 12) × 9} × 2

⇒ 95 ÷ 15 - 34 ÷ {18 - 4 ÷ 36 × 9} × 2

⇒ 95 ÷ 15 - 34 ÷ {18 - 1/9 × 9} × 2

⇒ 95 ÷ 15 - 34 ÷ {18 - 1} × 2

⇒ 95 ÷ 15 - 34 ÷ 17 × 2

⇒ 19/3 - 2 × 2

⇒ 19/3 - 4

⇒ (19 - 12)/3

⇒ 7/3 = $2 \frac{{1}}{{3}}$

∴ Required answer is $2 \frac{{1}}{{3}}$

Given:

A purchased an item for Rs. 12,300. He spent Rs. 200 as cartage.

A sold it to B at 10% profit

B sold it C at 6% profit

Discount % of C = 10%

Concept used:

Selling price = Cost price + Cost price × Profit%

Selling price = Marked price - Markes price × Discount%

Calculation:

A's actual cost = 12300 + 200 = Rs. 12500

Here A's selling price = B's cost price

So, A's selling price = 12500 × 11/10

⇒ 13750 = B's cost price

Again B sold it to C at a profit of 6%

So, B's selling price = C's cost price

B's selling price = 13750 × 106/100

⇒ 14575

C's marked price = 14575 + 2915

⇒ 17490

C's selling price = 17490 × 9/10

⇒ 15741

Profit of C = 15741 - 14575

⇒ 1166

∴ Profit of C is Rs. 1166

• According to Roshni, Sreshta's birthday day can be on → Tuesday and Wednesday
• According to Kalyan, Sreshta's birthday day can be on → Wednesday and Thursday
• ​Clearly, Wednesday is the common day that satisfies both the conditions.

Hence, 'option 1' is the correct answer.