RRB NTPC CBT 2 (Level-3) Official Paper (Held On: 14 June 2022 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Effects.

Key Points

• The formatting options available in the 'Paragraph' setting window in MS Word 2016 are:
• Spacing.
• Indentation.
• Pagination under the option Line and Page breaks.
• **Alignment.**​

Important Points

• ​Paragraph formatting options are described as:
• Alignment
• Alignment or justification refers to the way in which the lines of a paragraph are aligned.
• There are four types of alignment, namely, left, center, right, and justified.
• Indentation
• The value in the Before text box specifies the width of the additional empty space that is inserted between the margin and the text on the left-hand side of a paragraph of left-to-right text.
• The value in the After text box specifies the width of the additional empty space that is inserted between the text and the margin on the right-hand side of a paragraph of left-to-right text.
• A negative value specifies the distance by which the text extends beyond the respective margin.
• Spacing
• The spacing between two paragraphs is determined by the spacing before one paragraph and the spacing after the preceding paragraph, which are displayed and can be modified in the Before and After boxes.
• Line spacing refers to the vertical distance between the lines within a paragraph.
• It determines the location of each line relative to the line above it.
• Line and Page Breaks tab (Pagination)
• The paragraph formatting options on the Line and Page Breaks tab under pagination of the Paragraph dialog box can help you control where automatic page breaks occur in your document.

The correct answer is Mahanadi.

Key Points

• The dam is located across the Mahanadi river near the town of Sambalpur in the state of Orissa.
• The length of its main section is about 4.8 kilometers and the whole dam spans 25.8 kilometers.
• The dam was started in 1957 and is one of the first major multipurpose river valley projects started after India's independence.

Additional Information 

Given:

Mode - Median = 2

Concept used:

Mode = 3(Median) - 2(Mean)

Calculation:

Mode - Median = 2

⇒ Mode = 2 + Median      ---(1)

We know that,

Mode = 3(Median) - 2(Mean)

From equation (1)

⇒ 2 + Median = 3(Median) - 2(Mean) 

⇒ 2 + 2(Mean) = 3(Median) - Median

⇒ 2 + 2(Mean) = 2(Median)

1 + Mean = Median

So, Median - Mean = 1

∴ The difference between the median and mean (in the given order) using empirical relation is 1.

The correct answer is Increased amount of oxygen consumption in human beings.

Key Points

• The long-run effects of ozone depletion are:-
• Effects on Human Health
• ​Ozone layer depletion increases the amount of UVB (ultraviolet B-rays) that reaches the Earth’s surface.
• UVB causes non-melanoma skin cancer and plays a major role in malignant melanoma development.
• In addition, UVB has been linked to the development of cataracts, a clouding of the eye’s lens.
• Effects on Plants
• ​UVB radiation affects the physiological and developmental processes of plants.
• It also affects nutrient distribution within the plant, the timing of developmental phases, and secondary metabolism.
• ​Effects on Marine Ecosystems
• UVB radiation has been found to cause damage to the early developmental stages of fish, shrimp, crabs, amphibians, and other marine animals.
• The most severe effects are decreased reproductive capacity and impaired larval development. ​
• ​Effects on Biogeochemical cycles
• ​Increases in UVB radiation could affect terrestrial and aquatic biogeochemical cycles.
• ​Effects on Materials
• ​Synthetic polymers, naturally occurring biopolymers, as well as some other materials of commercial interest are adversely affected by UVB radiation.

The correct answer is Urdu.

Key Points

• Urdu had a negative decadal (2001-11) growth rate (its speakers) according to the Census of India, 2011.
• As per the language census data 2011:
• Two scheduled languages, Urdu and Konkani, saw a fall in absolute numbers.
• There are 50772631 Urdu speakers in India, a fall of about 1.5 percent since 2001.
• The decline in Konkani speakers is 9.5 percent.
• The Urdu language in modern India is associated only with Muslims.
• This fall in Urdu speakers is strange as the Muslim population in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar has grown between 2001 and 2011.​

Additional Information

• The Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India June 26, 2018, released the 2011 Census data on Language and Mother Tongue.
• Key Highlights of the 2011 Census data on Language and Mother Tongue
• As per the 2011 census, 43.63 percent of Indians speak Hindi as their mother tongue.
• Bengali, with 8.03 percent speakers, is second on the list.
• Marathi at 3^rd with 6.86 percent speakers, Telugu at 4^th with 6.7 percent speakers, and Tamil at 5^th with 5.7 percent speakers.
• In all, 13 of the 22 scheduled languages were reported as the mother tongue by at least 1 percent of the population.
• Except for Sanskrit, each of the 21 scheduled languages was reported as the mother tongue by at least 10 lakh people.
• Sanskrit is the only language that is spoken by a set of around 25000 people.

Given:

The equation is 2y2 - 6y - 7 = 0

Concept used:

In a quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0 the Sum of roots

α + β = $-b\over a$

Calculation:

According to the concept,

b = - 6

a = 2

So, The Sum of roots of the equation

⇒ α + β = -$(-6)\over 2$

⇒ $6\over 2$ = 3

∴ The required Sum of roots is 3.

According to given conditions,

• Rohan started form his home toward the east, walking 5 m.

• Turned left from there after waling for 15 m.

• He turned right and walked for 5 m to reach flower shop.

Clearly,  At last Rohan's home is to the South-west of the flower shop.

Hence, ‘South-west’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Loh Kean Yew.

Key Points 

• Lakshya Sen won the Men's Singles title of the India open 2022 tournament.
• He defeated the world champion, Loh Kean Yew of Singapore in straight games.
• The men’s doubles pair of Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty defeated the top-seeded pair of Mohammad Ahsan and Hendra Setiawan of Indonesia.
• The women's title was won by Busanan Ongbamrungphan of Thailand.
• She defeated PV Sindhu in the finals.

Additional Information 

• Badminton:
• Its apex governing body is International Badminton Federation (IBF).
• International Badminton Federation (IBF) was established in 1934.
• It was later renamed as Badminton World Federation (BWF).
• Its headquarters are in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
• Badminton Association of India was formed in 1934.
• Its headquarters is in New Delhi.
• Himanta Biswa Sarma is the current president.

Important Points

• The trophy for the international matches was named Thomas Cup after the name of the first president of the IBF Sir George Thomas.
• Thomas Cup competition (for men) started in 1948-1949.
• Uber Cup Championship (for women) was started in 1956.

The correct answer is Calicut.

Key Points 

• Portuguese explorer Vasco Da Gama discovered the sea route from Portugal to India and came to India in 1498 at Calicut.
• He belonged to Portugal and the discovery of the sea route became essential as the Ottomans occupied Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) and stopped the trade through the land route.
• Vasco da Gama’s fleet arrived in Kappadu near Kozhikode (Calicut), on the Malabar Coast (present-day the Kerala state of India).
• The King of Calicut at that time was Samudiri (Zamorin).

The pattern/logic followed here is:

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

'ABSENCE' is written as 'DWVZQXH' 

And,

'SERVICE' is written as 'VZUQLXH'

Similarly,

'CONSENT' is written as 'FJQNHIW'

Hence, ‘FJQNHIW’ is the correct answer.

Five colleagues - Chand, Chandini, Nidhi, Vikram and Ajay, are sitting in a row facing north.

1. Nidhi and Chandini occupy the extreme ends of the row.

2. Vikram is sitting exactly in the centre.

3. Ajay is sitting to the immediate left of Vikram.

4. No two people with the name starting with the same letter are immediate neighbours of each other.

Clearly, Chand and Chandini are not immediate neighbours of each other from the above statement. 

Case II is eliminated following the above statement.

So, the final arrangement will be as shown below:

Clearly, Nidhi sits in the right extreme.

Hence, 'Nidhi' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Plasma.

Key Points 

• Plasma is the liquid part of the blood of which 90%- 92% is water and the remaining 7% - 8% is made up of proteins, minerals, hormones, enzymes, and so on.
• Plasma is the clear liquid portion of blood that remains after red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and other cellular components are removed from the body.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Helium.

Key Points 

• Inert gas or noble gas is gas that does not generally participate in chemical reactions and is always available in a free state.
• All inert gases are colourless, odourless, and tasteless.
• There are 7 elements in class 18(inert gases) of the periodic table- Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), Radon (Rn), and Oganesson (Og).
• Helium is used in the treatment of Asthma, Balloons, welding, etc.
• Xenon is used in Photographic flashes, high-pressure lamps, NMR Spectroscopy.
• Neon is used in TV Tubes, Signboards, Laser, etc.

The correct answer is National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS).

Key Points 

• The Indian army, along with the National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS), established a Quantum Lab to spearhead research and training at the Military College of Telecommunication and Engineering (MCTE) in Mhow, Madhya Pradesh.
• Indian Army has also established an Artificial Intelligence (AI) Centre at the same institution.
• Based in Mhow, MCTE provides an array of academic courses.
• The Army War College, a defence service training and research institution of the Indian Army, is located in Mhow, Madhya Pradesh.

BODMAS RULE:-

Given equation: 8 + 5 × 54 - 9 ÷ 3 = ?

After replacing the symbols by their meaning, we get:

L.H.S = 8 × 5 - 54 ÷ 9 + 3

= 8 × 5 - 6 + 3

= 40 – 6 + 3

= 43 – 6

= 37

Hence, ‘37’ is the correct answer.

Given:

The ratio of incomes of A and B is 5 : 7

The ratio of their savings is 2 : 3

A and B spend ₹35,400 and ₹48,600

Concept used:

Savings = Income - Expense

Caclulation:

Let the income of A and B be 5x and 7x and savings 2y and 3y

According to the question,

5x - 2y = 35400      ----(i)

7x - 3y = 48600      ----(ii)

By multiplying 3 with eq (i) and 2 with eq (ii) we get,

15x - 6y = 106200      ----(iii)

14x - 6y = 97200      ----(iv)

By subtracting eq (iv) from eq (iii) we get

x = 9000

So, incomes of A = 9000 × 5 = Rs. 45000

Income of B = 9000 × 7 = Rs. 63000

Difference = 63000 - 45000

⇒ Rs. 18000

∴ The difference (in₹) between the incomes of B and A is 18000.

Alternate Method                           A            :            B

Income              5x          :            7x

Expend.           35400       :        48600

---

Saving        5x - 35400    :      7x - 48600

Now, according to the question,

(5x - 35400)/(7x - 48600) = 2/3

⇒ 15x - 106200 = 14x - 97200

⇒ x = 9000

Difference (in₹) between the incomes of B and A

7x - 5x = 2x = 2 × (9000) = 18000

Give:

∠BPC = 128°

Concept used:

In a ΔABC angle at the meeting points of internal angle bisectors of ∠B and ∠C = 90° + ∠A/2 

  

Calculation:

  

According to the concept,

∠A/2 + 90° = ∠BPC

⇒ ∠A/2 + 90° = 128°

⇒ ∠A/2 = 128° - 90°

⇒ ∠A/2 = 38°

⇒ ∠A = 38° × 2 = 76°

∴ The measure of ∠A is 76°.

The correct answer is first.

Key Points

• Infant mortality is the death of an infant before his or her first birthday.
• The infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths for every 1,000 live births.
• India's infant mortality rate (IMR) has shown significant improvement, falling from 47 in 2010 to just 28 in 2020.
• The decline in the infant mortality rate is seen over the past few decades.
• One in every 36 infants still dies within the first year of their life in India, according to official data.
• The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), is widely accepted as a crude indicator of the overall health scenario of a country or a region.
• The corresponding decadal decline in IMR in rural areas is 48 to 31, and for urban areas, it is from 29 to 19.
• In 2020, the maximum IMR has been reported for Madhya Pradesh (43) and the minimum for Mizoram (3).

The pattern/logic followed here is:

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

The code for T will be 77 as it is immediately followed as well as preceded by a vowel.

Hence, ‘238977514’ is the correct answer.

Given:

 A : B = 1.2 : 2, B : C = 1.5 : 2, and C : D = 2 : 3

Calculation:

1^st case → A : B = 1.2 : 2

2^nd case → B : C = 1.5 : 2

By equaling B in both the cases we get

3^rd case → A : B : C = 1.8 : 3 : 4

Now,

4^th case → C : D = 2 : 3

Again, by equaling C in both case 3^rd and 4^th we get,

A : B : C : D = 1.8 : 3 : 4 : 6

So, B : D = 3 : 6 or 1 : 2

∴ B : D is equal to 1 : 2.

The correct answer is Bijapur.

Key Points

• Gol Gumbaz is a 17^th-century mausoleum located in Bijapur, a city in Karnataka, India.
• It is the tomb of Mohammad Adil Shah and houses his mortal remains.
• The mausoleum is notable for its scale and exceptionally large dome.
• The building is on UNESCO's "tentative list" to become a World Heritage Site in 2014.
• It is the second-largest dome ever built, next in size only to St Peter’s Basilica in Rome.
• A particular attraction in this monument is the central chamber, where every sound is echoed seven times.
• Another attraction at the Gol Gumbaz is the **Whispering Gallery, where even minute sounds can be heard clearly 37 meters away.**​

Additional Information

• Mohammed Adil Shah
• ​Mohammed Adil Shah was the son of Ibrahim Adil Shah II.
• He was the seventh ruler of Bijapur, crowned in 1627 at the age of 15 years.
• He assisted the Mughals with their campaigns against the Ahmednagar Sultanate.
• He signed a peace treaty with the Mughals in 1636.
• Kingdom attained its dominions stretched from the Arabian Sea to the Bay of Bengal.
• Bijapur also attained peace and prosperity during Mohammed’s reign.
• His kingdom yielded an annual revenue of seven crores and eighty-four lakh rupees.
• He died in 1656 and was buried in the Gol Gumbaz.

Given:

72 ÷ 4 × {8 × 4 - (14 - 19)}

Concept used:

Calculation:

72 ÷ 4 × {8 × 4 - (14 - 19)}

⇒ 72 ÷ 4 × {8 × 4 - (- 5)}

⇒ 72 ÷ 4 × {32 + 5}

⇒ 72 ÷ 4 × 37

⇒ 18 × 37

⇒ 666

∴ Required answer is 666.

The correct answer is Odia.

Key Points

• The Vice President addressed Odia Adikabi Sarala Das's 600^th birth anniversary function in Cuttack.
• Sarala Das was one of the great scholars of Odia literature.
• He was the first scholar who wrote his works in Odia in the 15^th century A.D.
• Best known for three Odia books, Mahabharata, Vilanka Ramayana and Chandi Purana.
• He also wrote the book Laxmi Narayana Vachanika.
• He started writing his Mahabharata in the reign of Kapileswar, the famous Gajapati king of Odisha (AD 1435–67).
• Odia is one of the six languages that got Classical Status in India.

Given:

The observations are 5, 4, 4, 6, 7, 6, 9, 7, 6, 5

Concept used:

The number which appears most often in a set of numbers is called mode.

Calculation:

Here,

4, 5, 7 are given 2 times

9 is given 1 time

6 is given 3 times

So, the frequency of 6 is the highest among all

∴ The mode of the data is 6.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of sides = 5 : 3 ⇒ Ratio area = 5 × 3 = 15 units².

15 units² = 7260 ⇒ 1 unit = √(7260 ÷ 15) = 22.

Rectangle Perimeter = 2 × (5 + 3) × 22 = 16 × 22 = 352 m.

Circle Circumference = 2 × (22/7) × r = 352 ⇒ r = 56 m.

Circular Area = (22/7) × 56 × 56 = 9856 m².

∴ The correct answer is 9856 m².

Alternate Method

Given:

Area of rectangle = 7260 m²

Ratio of sides = 5 : 3

Perimeter of rectangle = Perimeter of circle

Formula Used:

Area of rectangle = Length × Breadth

Perimeter of rectangle = 2 × (Length + Breadth)

Circumference of circle = 2 × π × r

Area of circle = π × r²

Calculations:

⇒ Let length = 5x and breadth = 3x

⇒ Area = 5x × 3x = 15x² = 7260

⇒ x² = 7260 ÷ 15 = 484

⇒ x = √484 = 22 m

⇒ Length = 5 × 22 = 110 m, Breadth = 3 × 22 = 66 m

⇒ Perimeter of rectangle = 2 × (110 + 66) = 2 × 176 = 352 m

⇒ Circumference of circular garden = 2 × (22/7) × r = 352

⇒ r = (352 × 7) ÷ 44 = 8 × 7 = 56 m

⇒ Area of circular garden = (22/7) × 56 × 56

⇒ Area = 22 × 8 × 56 = 176 × 56 = 9856 m²

∴ The correct answer is 9856 m².

Additional Information

Rectangle Properties

A rectangle with sides a and b has area = a × b and diagonal = √(a² + b²).

Circle Mensuration

For a circle of radius r, the ratio of Area to Circumference is r/2.

Square vs Circle

For a given perimeter, a circle encloses the maximum area compared to any other polygon or rectangle.

Given:

The difference between 12% gain and 4% loss on sale of the item was ₹28

Concept used:

SP = CP + CP × gain%

SP = CP - CP × loss%

Here

SP = selling price

CP = cost price

Calculation:

Let the CP of the item be 100a

SP at 12% gain on CP = 100a + 100a × 12%

⇒ 112a

SP at 4% of loss on CP = 100a - 100a × 4%

⇒ 96a

According to the question,

112a - 96a = 28

⇒ 16a = 28

⇒ a = 28/16

Now, CP = 100 × (28/16)

⇒ Rs. 175

∴ The cost price of the item is Rs. 175.

The logic followed is:

Seller will sell their commodities if the price of that commodities is higher than previous time. As Alliance has raised the procurement price or cost price of oil from the last month, KBCL decided to sell their oil to Alliance. So, statement B is the cause and statement A is the effect.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct answer is YounTab.

Key Points

• Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh RK Mathur launched the YounTab scheme for students and distributed 12,300 tablets among them virtually in Leh.
• The scheme is an initiative of the Department of School Education with technical support from the Information Technology Department.
• A total of 12 thousand 300 students of 6^th to 12^th class from government schools will benefit from the scheme.
• Formulated to encourage digital learning, bridge the digital divide between connected and unconnected, and mitigate the Covid pandemic disruptions.

Additional Information

• Diksha
• ​DIKSHA (Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing) is a national platform for school education.
• An initiative of the National Council for Educational Research and Training (NCERT).
• The unique initiative leverages existing highly scalable and flexible digital infrastructures while keeping teachers at the center.
• eVidya​
• ​The Government of India has launched the PM eVIDYA program.
• Under this scheme, the top hundred universities in the country will start educating students through online education after 30^th May 2020.
• PM eVIDYA will also be called a one Nation digital platform.
• Other than that a TV channel called one class one channel will also be launched for students who are studying in class 1^st to 12^th.
• Pragyata​
• Recently, the Ministry of Education has released guidelines on digital education titled 'PRAGYATA'.
• The guidelines have been prepared by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT).
• These are only advisory in nature and state governments can formulate their own rules, based on local needs.
• The guidelines include eight steps of online/digital learning i.e. Plan- Review- Arrange- Guide- Yak (talk)- Assign- Track- Appreciate.

Given:

(919 + 9.019 + 0.919 + 9.0019)

Calculation:

919 + 9.019 + 0.919 + 9.0019

⇒ 919.0000 + 9.0190 + 0.9190 + 9.0019

⇒ 928.0190 + 0.9190 + 9.0019

⇒ 928.9380 + 9.0019

⇒ 937.9399

∴ Required answer is 937.9399.

Given:

The volume of a solid cone is 96 π cm3

Height = 8 cm

Formula used:

Volume of a cone = (1/3)πr²h

Total surface area = πr(r + l)

l = √(r² + h²)

Here,

r = radius

h = height

l = slant height

Calculation:

Let the radius be r

According to the question,

(1/3)πr² × 8 = 96π

⇒ (1/3)r² = 12

⇒ r² = 36

⇒ r = 6

Now,

l = √(6² + 8²)

⇒ l = √(36 + 64)

⇒ l = √100

⇒ l = 10

Total surface area = π × 6(6 + 10)

⇒ π × 6 × 16

⇒ 96π

∴ Its total surface area (in cm²) is 96π.

Given:

The selling price of 2 blankets are the same.

One of the blankets is sold at $66\frac{2}{3}\%$ profit and the CP of the other blanket is ₹400 less than its SP

Overall profit on two blankets = 50%

Concept used:

SP = CP + CP × profit%

SP - CP = Profit

SP = selling price

CP = cost price

Calculation:

$66\frac{2}{3}\%$ = 2/3

Let CP of 1^st blanket be 3x and 2^nd blanket be y

SP of 1^st blanket = 3x + 3x × 2/3

⇒ 5x

SP of 2^nd blanket = y + 400

According to the question,

5x = y + 400

⇒ 5x - y = 400      ----(i)

Again

(3x + y) × 3/2 = 5x + y + 400 [∵ Total profit on selling both the blankets is 50% and 50% profit on CP = CP × 3/2]

⇒ 9x + 3y = 10x + 2y + 800

⇒ x - y = - 800      ----(ii)

Subtracting eq (ii) from eq (i) we get

4x = 1200

⇒ x = 300

⇒ 5x = 300 × 5 = 1500

So, SP of 1^st blanket = Rs. 1500

As both the blankets were sold on the same price

∴ The selling price of each blanket is Rs. 1500.

Alternate Method 

Here, as for first blanket Profit is $66\frac{2}{3}\%$

so assume, SP = 5x 

then CP of first Blanket = 3x 

SP of 2^nd Blanket = 5x (as SP is Same) 

then CP of 2^nd blanket = 5x - 400

Now, Overall profit = 50%

thus, 

Total SP = 1.5( Total CP)

5x + 5x = 1.5 (3x + 5x - 400)

x = 300

so SP = 5x = 1500

∴ The selling price of each blanket is Rs. 1500.

Shortcut Trick

According to the External Secant Segment Theorem, when two secants are drawn from an external point to a circle, the product of the length of one secant and its external part equals the product of the length of the other secant and its external part.

Logic: EA × EB = EC × ED

Given: EA = 12 cm, AB = 9 cm ⇒ EB = AE − AB = 12 − 9 = 3 cm

Also: ED = 4 cm, EC = ED + CD = 4 + CD

⇒ 12 × 3 = 4 × (4 + CD)

⇒ 36 = 16 + 4 × CD ⇒ 4 × CD = 20 ⇒ CD = 5 cm

∴ The correct answer is 5 cm.

Alternate Method

Given:

AB = 9 cm

AE = 12 cm

ED = 4 cm

Concept Used:

If two chords AB and CD of a circle intersect at an external point E, then:

AE × BE = CE × ED

Calculation:

According to the concept,

AE × BE = CE × ED

⇒ 12 × 3 = CE × 4

⇒ 36 = 4 × CE

⇒ CE = 9 cm

Now,

CE = CD + ED

⇒ 9 = CD + 4

⇒ CD = 9 − 4

⇒ CD = 5 cm

∴ The length of chord CD is 5 cm.

Additional Information

Internal Chord Theorem

If two chords AB and CD intersect inside a circle at point P, then PA × PB = PC × PD.

Tangent-Secant Theorem

If a tangent segment ET and a secant segment EAB are drawn from an external point E, then ET² = EA × EB.

Power of a Point

For a point E at distance d from the center of a circle with radius r, the value d² − r² is constant for any line through E and is equal to the product of the segments of any secant.

According to given conditions,

• Rohan started from his home to go his school. He went 100 meters towards the south.

• He turned toward west and walked 50 meters.

• He turned right and walked 50 meters.

• Finally he turned to his right and walked 100 meters to reach his school

Clearly, Rohan's home is to the North-West of his school.

Hence, ‘North-west’ is the correct answer.

Eight friends are sitting around a square table, four at the corners and four in the middle of the four sides, facing the centre.

1. Isheen is an immediate neighbour of Manmeet and Jyoti. 2. Nandan is sitting third to the right of Isheen.

2. Paresh is second to the left of Manmeet.

The above condition cannot be satisfied in Case I, so it is eliminated.

5. Only three people sit between Meena and Isheen.

6. Manmeet is sitting to the immediate right of Rekha.

Clearly, Paresh is sitting second to the right of Nandan.

Hence, 'Paresh' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 17.98.

Key Points

• The Global Birth Rate (crude) in the year 2020 is 17.98, according to World Bank.
• Birth rate of World went down by 1.13 % from 18.2 per 1,000 people in 2019 to 17.98 per 1,000 people in 2020.
• The world's total crude birth rate was estimated at 3,713.07 births per thousand population in 2020.
• **The Global Birth Rate is used to calculate another fundamental measure, the rate of natural increase.**​

Important Points

• Crude birth rate
• indicates the number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear.
• Crude Death Rate
• ​Calculated as the number of deaths in a given period divided by the population exposed to the risk of death in that period.
• For human populations the period is usually one year.
• Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.

The correct answer is Mizoram.

Key Points

• Among the given options, Mizoram has the highest child sex ratio in India according to the 5^th National Family Health Survey (2019-21).
• Sex ratio at birth for children born in the last five years in India and its states/UTs.
• Child sex ratio 
• the number of females per thousand males in the age group 0–6 years in a human population.
• The child sex ratio in India decreased between 2001 to 2011.

Additional Information

Given:

Total students = 288

Girls = 5/8^th of the total

2/5^th of the girls are below 12 age

4/9^th of the boys are above 12 years

Calculation:

Number of girls = 288 × 5/8

⇒ 180

So, number of boys = 288 - 180 = 108

Now,

Number of girls below 12 years of age = 180 × 2/5

⇒ 72

Number of boys above 12 years of age = 108 × 4/9

⇒ 48

So, the number of boys below 12 years of age = 108 - 48 = 60

Total number of students below 12 years of age = 72 + 60 = 132

∴ 132 students are below 12 years of age.

The correct answer is Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Syama Sastri.

Key Points 

• Carnatic Music
• The Tamil classic of the 2^nd century AD. titled ‘Silappadhikaram’ contains a vivid description of the music of that period.
• The Tolkappiyam, Kalladam and the contributions of the Saivite and Vaishnavite saints of the 7^th and 8^th centuries AD.
• It also serves as resource material for studying musical history.
• Trinity of Carnatic music:
• It is a trio of composer-musicians of Carnatic music in the 18^th century.
• The trio consisted of Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Shyama Sastri.
• Tyagaraja was a Telugu composer.
• He is known for Pancharatna Kritis.
• Muthuswami Dikshitar was a Sanskrit and Manipravalam composer.
• Shyama Sastri was a Telugu, Sanskrit composer.

​

The logic followed here is:

RAMESH is written as AREMHS

And,

PRAKIL is written as RPKALI

 

Similarly,

RISHIPAL is written as IRHSPILA

Hence, 'IRHSPILA' is the correct answer.

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

The logic followed here is:

(Sum of  position value of consonant - sum of position value of vowel) ÷ 2 = code

SUGAR : 11

And,

PILOT : 12

Similarly,

HOTEL : ?

Hence, ‘10’ is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is:

In the month of February remaining day is:- 10 (Because 2020 is the leap year so, the month of February will be 29 Days)

In the month of March remaining day is:- 31

In the month of April the total day is:- 15

The total number of days from 20 February 2020 to 15 April 2020 = 10 + 31 + 15 = 56

Hence, ‘56’ is the correct answer.

Mistake Points

• Here, 20 February and 15 April also have to be counted because the number of days counted from 20 February to 15 April to be told, so they do not have to be omitted.

Concept used:

7 × 11 × 13 = 1001, when any 3 digit number multiplied by 1001 then it repeats itself and always completely divisible by 7,11 and 13.

Calculation:

Option 1:

1002001 is divisible by 1001

Option 2:

1003001 is not divisible by 1001

Option 3:

1005001 is not divisible by 1001

Option 4:

1004001 is not divisible by 1001

∴ Required answer is Option 1.

Shortcut Trick

Let Downstream Speed be D and Upstream Speed be U.

Equations: 63/D + 30/U = 7 and 28/D + 48/U = 6.

To eliminate U, multiply first equation by 8 and second by 5: (504/D + 240/U = 56) − (140/D + 240/U = 30).

364/D = 26 ⇒ D = 14 km/h; Then 63/14 + 30/U = 7 ⇒ 4.5 + 30/U = 7 ⇒ U = 12 km/h.

Required Time = 35/14 + 27/12 = 2.5 + 2.25 = 4.75 hours = 4 hr 45 min.

∴ The correct answer is 4 hr 45 min.

Alternate Method

Given:

Case 1: Distance Downstream (d₁) = 63 km, Distance Upstream (u₁) = 30 km, Total Time (t₁) = 7 hr.

Case 2: Distance Downstream (d₂) = 28 km, Distance Upstream (u₂) = 48 km, Total Time (t₂) = 6 hr.

Formula Used:

Time = Distance ÷ Speed

Calculations:

Let 1/D = x and 1/U = y.

⇒ 63x + 30y = 7 --- (Eq. 1)

⇒ 28x + 48y = 6 --- (Eq. 2)

Multiply Eq. 1 by 8: 504x + 240y = 56

Multiply Eq. 2 by 5: 140x + 240y = 30

Subtracting the two equations:

⇒ 364x = 26

⇒ x = 26/364 = 1/14

⇒ Downstream Speed (D) = 14 km/h

Substitute x = 1/14 in Eq. 2:

⇒ 28(1/14) + 48y = 6

⇒ 2 + 48y = 6 ⇒ 48y = 4

⇒ y = 4/48 = 1/12

⇒ Upstream Speed (U) = 12 km/h

Time for 35 km downstream and 27 km upstream:

⇒ T = 35/D + 27/U

⇒ T = 35/14 + 27/12

⇒ T = 2.5 + 2.25 = 4.75 hr

⇒ 0.75 hr = 0.75 × 60 = 45 min

∴ The correct answer is 4 hr 45 min.

Additional Information

Speed of Boat and Stream

Speed of boat in still water = (D + U) ÷ 2 | Speed of stream = (D − U) ÷ 2.

Relative Speed in Water

Downstream speed includes stream velocity helping the boat, while Upstream speed opposes it.

Average Speed for Round Trip

If distance is same both ways, Average Speed = (D × U) ÷ Speed in still water.

The correct answer is directive principles of state policy.

Key Points

• Article 42 of the constitution under DPSP (directive principles of state policy)states:
• The State shall make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.
• ​A welfare state is a concept of government where the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social welfare of its citizens.
• DPSPs promote the ideal of the welfare state by emphasizing the state **to promote the welfare of people by providing them with basic facilities like shelter, food, and clothing.**​

Additional Information

• Directive principles of state policy
• ​Articles 36-51 of Part-IV of the Indian Constitution deal with Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).
• They are borrowed from the constitution of Ireland.
• They act as directives to the government to create any law.
• They act as the ‘instrument of instructions’.
• Fundamental rights​
• Articles 12-35 of Part - III of the Indian Constitution deals with Fundamental Rights.
• Fundamental rights are enforceable in a court of law.
• These human rights are conferred upon the citizens of India for the Constitution tells that these rights are inviolable.
• Six main fundamental rights.
• Fundamental Duties
• 42^nd Amendment Act of 1976 added 10 Fundamental Duties to the Indian Constitution.
• 86^th Amendment Act 2002 later added the 11^th Fundamental Duty to the list.
• Swaran Singh Committee in 1976 recommended Fundamental Duties.
• ​The Fundamental Duties are dealt with in Article 51A under Part-IV A of the Indian Constitution.
• Non enforceable in a court of law.

Given:

84 ÷ 32 × 8 - 15 ÷ 8 × (19 - 35)

Concept used:

Calculation:

84 ÷ 32 × 8 - 15 ÷ 8 × (19 - 35)

⇒ 84 ÷ 32 × 8 - 15 ÷ 8 × (- 16)

⇒ 21/8 × 8 - (15/8) × (- 16)

⇒ 21 + 30

⇒ 51

∴ The required answer is 51.

The logic is:

Hence, ‘43’ is the correct answer.

By using the symbols in the table given below, we can draw the following family tree:

 

P @ Q $ U = R % S # V → P is the husband of Q, Q is the mother of U, U is the brother of R, R is the wife of S, S is the father of V.

Clearly, P is the Maternal grandfather of V.

Hence, ‘Maternal grandfather’ is the correct answer.

Given:

1. Rupesh ranked 10^th from the top and Rachit ranked 21^st from the bottom.
2. Rachit performed better than Rupesh and six students ranked between them.

​

Rupesh rank from the bottom: 21 -7 = 14^th.

Therefore, total number students appeared  in the examination = 10 + 14 -1 = 23 .

Hence,, the correct answer is "Option (4): 23".

The pattern followed here is:

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

Similarly,

Hence, ‘ECV’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is For tackling pollution in their home city by recycling household waste.

Key Points

• Two Indian teenage brothers Vihaan and Nav Agrawal have won the 2021 KidsRights International Children's Peace Prize for tackling pollution from household waste.
• Vihaan (17) and Nav Agarwal (14) have developed the 'One Step Greener' initiative segregating recyclables and organising pickups for trash from thousands of homes.
• From an impressive 169 applicants from 39 countries, the KidsRights’ Expert Committee selected Nav and Vihaan as winners.
• They were **awarded by Nobel laureate Kailash Satyarthi.**​

Important Points

• 'One Step Greener' initiative 
• After seeing the link between waste and air pollution following Delhi’s Ghazipur landfill collapse.
• Both boys were inspired to create One Step Greener – an initiative that began segregating rubbish and organizing waste pickup drives.
• ​From just 15 homes, One Step Greener is now a city-wide operation collecting rubbish from more than 1,000 households, schools, and offices, and has recycled 173,630 kilograms of waste.
• The entrepreneurial brothers often devote 4-5 hours per day to the organization and are **working to bring their sustainability message to children across India.**​

Additional Information

• KidsRights International Children's Peace Prize 
• ​The prestigious prize was launched in 2005 during the World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates in Rome, chaired by Mikhail Gorbachev.
• Since then, the prize has been presented by a Nobel Peace Prize Laureate every year.
• In 2021 the 17^th International Children’s Peace Prize was presented by Kailash Satyarthi, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate 2014.

The correct answer is Harsha.

Key Points

• Nagananda is a Sanskrit play attributed to emperor Harsha.
• Nagananda is among the most acclaimed Sanskrit dramas.
• It tells the story of Vidyadhar King Jimutavahana's self-sacrifice to save the Nagas.
• The unique characteristic of this drama is the invocation to Buddha in the Nandi verse.
• The play depicts the story of how prince Jimutavahana gives up his own body to stop a sacrifice of a Naga prince to the divine Garuda.
• The play was **first introduced in January 2008 at Panaji, Goa in Marathi by Prabhakar Sanskritic Sanstha.**​

Additional Information

• Bindusara
• ​Bindusara, also known as Amitrochates was the second Mauryan emperor of India.
• He was the son of the dynasty's founder Chandragupta and the father of its most famous ruler Ashoka.
• Ashoka
• Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Empire, son of Bindusara.
• He conquered almost all of the Indian subcontinent from 268 to 232 BCE.
• Ashoka promoted the spread of Buddhism across ancient Asia.
• Chandra Gupta I
• ​Chandragupta, I was a king of the Gupta Empire, who ruled northern and central India.
• His title Maharajadhiraja suggests that he was the first emperor of the dynasty.
• Harsha
• ​Harsha, also spelled Harṣa, also called Harshavardhana, was the ruler of a large empire in northern India from 606 to 647 CE.
• He was a Buddhist convert in the Hindu era.
• He was a member of the Vardhana dynasty and was the son of Prabhakaravardhana.

The correct answer is Awadh.

Key Points 

• Begum Hazrat Mahal had a  leading role in the rebellion against the British East India Company during the Revolt of 1857.
• Begum Hazrat Mahal also called Begum of Awadh was the second wife of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah.
• Her real name was Muhammadi Khanum.
• Awadh was annexed by the British East India Company in 1856.
• Nawab Wajid Ali Shah, the last Nawab of Awadh was sent into exile to Calcutta.
• After her husband had been exiled to Calcutta and the Indian Rebellion broke out, she made her son, Prince Birjis Qadr, the Wali (ruler) of Awadh, with herself as regent during his minority.
• However, she was forced to abandon this role after a short reign.
• She finally found asylum in Nepal where she died in 1879.

Additional Information 

The logic followed here is:

TRIP : PIRT

STRONG : GNORTS

• Similarly, MOUNTAIN

Hence, ‘NIATNUOM’ is the correct answer.

Given:

If 75% of a number is added to 75, then the result is the number itself.

Calculation:

Let the number be 100a

According to the question,

100a × 75% + 75 = 100a

⇒ 75a + 75 = 100a

⇒ 75 = 100a - 75a

⇒ 75 = 25a

⇒ a = 75/25 = 3

So, the number = 100 × 3

⇒ 300

∴ The number is 300.

Shortcut Trick

Volume of the box = 48 × 36 × 30 = 51840 cm³

Volume of 1 bundle = 15 × 8 × 2 = 240 cm³

Number of bundles = 51840 ÷ 240 = 216

Value per bundle = 125 × 100 = ₹12500

Total Value = 216 × 12500 = ₹27,00,000 = ₹27 Lakhs

∴ The correct answer is ₹27 Lakhs.

Alternate Method

Given:

Dimensions of a 100-rupee note = 15 cm × 8 cm

Thickness of a bundle of 125 notes = 2 cm

Dimensions of the box = 48 cm × 36 cm × 30 cm

Formula Used:

Volume of a cuboid = Length × Breadth × Height

Number of items = Total Container Volume ÷ Volume of 1 item

Calculations:

⇒ Volume of the box = 48 × 36 × 30 = 51840 cm³

⇒ Volume of 1 bundle = 15 × 8 × 2 = 240 cm³

⇒ Number of bundles = 51840 ÷ 240 = 216

⇒ Total notes in the box = 216 × 125 = 27000 notes

⇒ Total value of the notes = 27000 × ₹100 = ₹27,00,000

⇒ Total value in Lakhs = ₹27 Lakhs

∴ The correct answer is ₹27 Lakhs.

Additional Information

Cuboid Volume

The space occupied by a 3-dimensional solid with rectangular faces is its volume, calculated strictly as Length × Breadth × Height.

Packaging Optimization

When checking how many small items perfectly fit into a larger container without any gaps, divide the total volume of the container by the volume of a single small unit.

Number System Units

In the Indian numbering system, 1 Lakh equals 1,00,000 (one hundred thousand). This conversion simplifies managing large monetary values in competitive exams.

The correct answer is Article 29.

Key Points

• Article 29 protects the interests of the minorities by making a provision that any citizen/section of citizens having a distinct language, script, or culture have the right to conserve the same.
• **Article 29 mandates that no discrimination would be done on the ground of religion, race, caste, language, or any of them.**​

Important Points

• Article 20
• ​Protection in respect of conviction for offenses

1. No person shall be convicted of any offense except for violation of the law nor be subjected to a penalty greater than that which might have been inflicted under the law in force at the time of the commission of the offense.
2. No person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offense more than once.
3. No person accused of any offense shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.​

• Article 16
• ​Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
• There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
• Article 15
• ​Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.

The correct answer is Crude Petroleum.

Key Points

• The highest share in India's imports according to the economic survey 2021-22 was crude petroleum.
• Crude petroleum imports more than doubled to US$ 73.3 billion in April-November, 2021 as compared to last year and continue to be the highest imported commodity.
• Gold imports registered a sharp rise to US$33.2 billion, from US$12.3 billion a year earlier.

Additional Information

• Key highlights of the economic survey 2021-22.
• The central theme of this year's Economic Survey is the “Agile approach”.
• Indian economy (GDP) is estimated to grow by 9.2 percent in real terms in 2021-22.
• GDP is projected to grow by 8- 8.5 percent in real terms in 2022-23.
• The Central Government debt has gone up from 49.1 percent of GDP in 2019-20 to 59.3 percent of GDP in 2020-21 but is expected to follow a declining trajectory with the recovery of the economy.
• Rs. 89,066 crores raised via 75 Initial Public Offering (IPO) issues in April-November 2021 is much higher than in any year in the last decade.
• Foreign Exchange Reserves crossed US$ 600 billion in the first half of 2021-22 and touched US $ 633.6 billion as of December 31, 2021.
• India’s overall score on the NITI Aayog SDG India Index and Dashboard improved to 66 in 2020-21 from 60 in 2019-20$.

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh.

Key Points

• Uttar Pradesh had the highest share in the overall production of sugarcane for the financial year 2020-21 according to the economic survey 2020-21.
• UP’s districts known for sugarcane production are Meerut, Bareilly, Saharanpur, and Bulandshahr.
• The annual output for the sugarcane production of Uttar Pradesh is 133.3 million tonnes which is the highest sugarcane production in India.
• Maharashtra ranks 2^nd in the top sugarcane-producing states in India with 9 lakh hectares of land is used to produce 75.3 MT of sugarcane in Maharashtra.
• Tamil Nadu is in the third position, followed by Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Bihar.
• India is the world's second-largest sugarcane-producing nation after Brazil.
• It is estimated that sugar production will increase by 2.90 percent to 31.9 million tonnes in the ongoing 2021-22 marketing year.
• India is the largest consumer of Sugar.

The correct answer is Article 51.

Key Points

• Arti cle 51: Promotion of international peace and security The State shall endeavor to:
• promote international peace and security;
• maintain just and honorable relations between nations;
• foster respect for international law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organized peoples with one another; and encourage settlement of international disputes by a rbitration Part IVA Fundamental DUties.

Additional Information 

Given:

A cylindrical bucket of height 150 cm and radius 50 cm is full of water.

It is needed to be filled with some spherical balloons of the radius of 5 each

Concept used:

Volume of a cylinder = πr²h

Volume of a sphere = (4/3)πr³

r = radius of sphere and base of the cylinder

h = height

Calculation:

Let n number of spherical balloons be required

According to the question,

π × 50² × 150 = (4/3) × π × 5³ × n

⇒ 2500 × 150 = (4/3) × 125n

⇒ 20 × 150 = (4/3)n

⇒ 3000 = (4/3)n

⇒ n = (3/4) × 3000

⇒ n = 2250

So, a total of 2250 balloons are required

∴ 2250 balloons can he fill completely with the water present in the bucket.

The correct answer is Alt + Tab.

Key Points

• Alt+Tab
• The keyboard shortcut is most often used to switch between open programs in Microsoft Windows 10.
• Alt + S
• ​Alt+S is a keyboard shortcut most often used to open the slide show settings in PowerPoint.
• Ctrl + S​
• ​In Microsoft Word and other word processors, pressing Ctrl + S saves the current document.
• Ctrl + Tab​
• ​ Ctrl+Tab is a keyboard shortcut most often used to switch between open tabs in a browser.​

Additional Information

The correct answer is Ashoka.

Key Points 

• Asoka was the first ruler who inscribed his messages on stone surfaces i.e. natural rocks and polished pillars.
• Most of Ashoks's inscriptions were in Prakrit and were written in Brahmi script.
• James Prinsep, a British antiquary and colonial administrator was the first person to decipher Ashoka’s edicts.
• These Ashoka’s inscriptions are the first tangible evidence of Buddhism.
• There are 33 inscriptions in total and are primarily classified into the following:
• Major rock edicts.
• Minor rock edicts.
• Separate rock edicts.
• Major pillar edicts.
• Minor pillar edicts.​​

Additional Information 

• Ashoka’s Major Rock Edicts
• There are 14 major rock edicts:

• Minor Rock Edict
• Minor rock edicts are found on 15 rocks across the country and in Afghanistan also.
• Ashoka uses his name only in four of these places namely:

1. Maski,
2. Brahmagiri (Karnataka),
3. Gujjara (MP) and
4. Nittur (AP)

The logic followed here is:

Logic: (first number)² - 3 = second number

1. 18 : 321 → 18² - 3 = 324 - 3 = 321

2. 21 : 438 → 212 - 3 = 441 - 3 = 438

3. 17 : 286 → 172 - 3 = 289 - 3 = 286

4) 19 : 357 → 192 - 3 = 361 - 3 = 358 ≠ 357

Hence, ‘19 : 357’ is the odd one out.

Given:

A fraction becomes $\frac{2}{3}$ when one is added to both the numerator and the denominator of the fraction,

It becomes $\frac{1}{2}$, when 2 is subtracted from both the numerator and denominator.

Calculation:

Let the fraction be x/y

According to the question,

$\frac{x+1}{y+1}=\frac{2}{3}$

⇒ 3x + 3 = 2y + 2

⇒ 2y - 3x = 3 - 2

⇒ 2y - 3x = 1      ----(i)

Again,

$\frac{x-2}{y-2}=\frac{1}{2}$

⇒ 2x - 4 = y - 2

⇒ 2x - y = 4 - 2

⇒ 2x - y = 2      ----(ii)

By multiplying eq (i) with 2 we get,

4y - 6x = 2

So,

4y - 6x = 2x - y

⇒ 5y = 8x

⇒ x/y = 5/8

So, the fraction is 5/8

Sum of the digits of the fraction = 5 + 8 = 13

∴ The sum of the numerator and denominator of the original fraction is 13.

Five friends - Deepu, Sonu, Tinku, Guddu and Innu.

1. Innu is taller than Tinku.

Innu > Tinku

2. Among all, Tinku comes exactly in the middle on the basis of height.

Case I: ____ > Innu > Tinku > _____ > _____ 

or

Case II: Innu > _____ > Tinku > _____ > _____ 

3. Guddu is shortest among all.

Case I: ____ > Innu > Tinku > _____ > Guddu

or

Case II: Innu > _____ > Tinku > _____ > Guddu

4. Sonu is taller than Tinku but not the tallest in the group.

The above condition cannot be satisfied in Case I, so it is eliminated.

Case II: Innu > Sonu > Tinku > _____ > Guddu

As Deepu is the only person left, Deepu will occupy the vacant position.

So, the final arrangement will be as shown below:

Innu > Sonu > Tinku > Deepu > Guddu

Clearly, Deepu comes at the 2^nd position starting from the shortest to tallest.

Hence, ‘Deepu’ is the correct answer.

The logic is: -3 from first alphabet and + 8 in second alphabet.

1. 

Hence, 'LIR' is the odd one out.

Preparing the family tree diagram using the following symbols:

Statements:

I: H is the only brother of S and P.

II: P is the wife of L, who is the son-in-law of D.

III: D is the mother of S and T is the son-in-law of C.

The relation between P and C cannot be determined by using any combination of the statements or all the statements together as no common relation between P and C can be established using the information in the given statement.

Hence, Data in statements I, II and III together are not sufficient to answer the question.

The correct answer is Hojagiri.

Key Points

• Satyaram Reang is an Indian folk performer and folk artist from Tripura.
• He is noted for his significant contribution to Hojagiri Dance.
• In January 2021, he was awarded India's fourth-highest civilian award the Padma Shri in the Arts category.
• In 1986, Satyaram Reang was conferred with the prestigious Sangeet Natak Akademi award, the highest award for performing artists.​

Additional Information

• Biraha
• It is an ethnic Bhojpuri folk genre of Ahir communities in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Jharkhand in India.
• Its place in folk songs is as important as that of Dwipadi in Sanskrit, Gatha in Prakrit, and Barwai in Hindi.
• Hojagiri 
• ​Hojagiri is a folk dance, performed in the state of Tripura, India by the Tripuri people of the Reang clan.
• It is performed by women and young girls, about 4 to 6 members in a team, singing, balancing on an earthen pitcher, and managing other props such as a bottle on the head and an earthen lamp on the hand.
• Dumhal
• ​The Dumhal dance is very popular among the people of not only Jammu & Kashmir but also of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab.
• Though it is a folk dance still its root of origin lies in the era of the Sufi movement.
• It is said that Dumhal was invented by a Sufi saint.
• The wardrobe of the Dumhal dance is quite colourful and robust.
• Bihu
• ​The Bihu dance is an indigenous folk dance from the Indian state of Assam related to the Bihu festival and an important part of Assamese culture.
• The Bihu dancers are usually young men and women, and the dancing style is characterized by brisk steps and rapid hand movements.

Shortcut Trick

The LCM of two numbers is equal to the product of their ratio terms multiplied by their HCF.

Given Ratio = 3 : 4 and LCM = 480.

HCF = LCM ÷ (Product of ratio terms)

HCF = 480 ÷ (3 × 4) = 480 ÷ 12 = 40.

∴ The correct answer is 40.

Alternate Method

Given:

The ratio of two numbers = 3 : 4

The Least Common Multiple (LCM) = 480

Formula Used:

If the ratio of two numbers is a : b and their Highest Common Factor (HCF) is x, then the numbers are ax and bx.

The LCM of ax and bx = a × b × x

Calculations:

Let the HCF of the two numbers be x.

⇒ The numbers are 3x and 4x.

⇒ LCM of (3x, 4x) = 3 × 4 × x = 12x

⇒ According to the question, 12x = 480

⇒ x = 480 ÷ 12

⇒ x = 40

Since x represents the HCF, the value of HCF is 40.

This matches the value given in Option (2).

∴ The correct answer is 40.

Additional Information

Product of Two Numbers

For any two numbers, the product of the numbers is equal to the product of their HCF and LCM (n₁ × n₂ = HCF × LCM).

HCF of Fractions

HCF of fractions = (HCF of Numerators) ÷ (LCM of Denominators).

Co-prime Numbers

Two numbers are co-prime if their HCF is 1. Their LCM is always equal to their product.

Relationship between HCF and LCM

The HCF of a group of numbers is always a factor of their LCM.

Shortcut Trick

To find the HCF of numbers in prime factor form, identify the common prime bases and select the lowest power of each.

Common prime bases are 2, 3, 5, and 7.

Minimum powers: 2², 3¹, 5¹, and 7¹.

HCF = 2² × 3¹ × 5¹ × 7¹ = 4 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 420.

∴ The correct answer is 420.

Alternate Method

Given:

x = 2³ × 3² × 5¹ × 7³

y = 2² × 3³ × 5² × 7²

z = 2⁴ × 3¹ × 5³ × 7¹

Formula:

HCF = Product of the lowest powers of common prime factors.

Calculations:

⇒ For prime 2: Lowest power is 2²

⇒ For prime 3: Lowest power is 3¹

⇒ For prime 5: Lowest power is 5¹

⇒ For prime 7: Lowest power is 7¹

⇒ HCF = 2² × 3¹ × 5¹ × 7¹

⇒ HCF = 4 × 3 × 5 × 7

⇒ HCF = 12 × 35 = 420

∴ The correct answer is 420.

Additional Information

LCM of Prime Factorizations

To find the LCM, take the highest power of every prime factor that appears in any of the numbers.

HCF and LCM Relation

For any two numbers a and b, the product a × b = HCF(a, b) × LCM(a, b).

HCF of Fractions

HCF of fractions = (HCF of Numerators) ÷ (LCM of Denominators).

Given:

A can complete a piece of work in 10 days

B is 25% more efficient than A.

Concept used:

Total work = efficiency of the worker × time taken by him

Calculation:

Let A's efficiency is 4a

So, B's efficiency = 4a + 4a × 25%

⇒ 5a

Now,

total work = 4a × 10

⇒ 40a

So, B will take to complete the task = 40a/5a

⇒ 8 days

∴ B alone will take 8 days to complete the same work.

The correct answer is 3.3 petaflops.

Key Points

• Recently, the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bengaluru installed the supercomputer 'Param Pravega'.
• It has a supercomputing capacity of 3.3 petaflops.
• It has been installed under the government’s National Supercomputing Mission.
• India’s first supercomputer was PARAM 8000.
• PARAM Shivay, the first supercomputer assembled indigenously, was installed in IIT (BHU), followed by PARAM Shakti, PARAM Brahma, PARAM Yukti, PARAM Sanganak at IIT-Kharagpur, IISER, Pune, JNCASR, Bengaluru and IIT Kanpur respectively.
• In 2020, PARAM Siddhi, the High-Performance Computing-Artificial Intelligence (HPC-AI) supercomputer, achieved a global ranking of 62^nd in the Top 500 most powerful supercomputer systems in the world.

Important Points

• Petaflop is a measure of a Supercomputer’s processing speed.
• It can be expressed as a thousand trillion floating-point operations per second.
• FLOPS (floating-point operations per second) are typically used to measure the performance of a computer’s processor.
• Supercomputers are primarily designed to be used in enterprises and organizations that require massive computing power.
• For example weather forecasting, scientific research, intelligence gathering, and analysis, data mining, etc.
• **China has the maximum number of supercomputers and maintains the top position in the world, followed by the US, Japan, France, Germany, Netherlands, Ireland, and the United Kingdom.**​

Additional Information

• National Supercomputing Mission
• In 2015, the National Supercomputing Mission was launched to enhance the research capacities and capabilities
• To form a Supercomputing grid, with National Knowledge Network (NKN) as the backbone.
• The NKN project is aimed at establishing a strong and robust Indian network that will be capable of providing secure and reliable connectivity.
• It supports the government's vision of 'Digital India' and 'Make in India' initiatives.
• The Mission is being jointly steered by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).

Shortcut Trick

Excluded Number = Old Average − (Increase in Average × New Count of Numbers)

Old Average = 16

Increase in Average = 17 − 16 = 1

New Count = 5

Excluded Number = 16 − (1 × 5) = 16 − 5 = 11

∴ The correct answer is 11.

Alternate Method

Given:

Number of initial observations (n₁) = 6

Average of initial observations (A₁) = 16

Number of observations after exclusion (n₂) = 5

Average after exclusion (A₂) = 17

Formula Used:

Sum of observations = Average × Total Numbers

Excluded Number = (Sum of 6 numbers) − (Sum of 5 numbers)

Calculations:

⇒ Sum of 6 numbers = 6 × 16 = 96

⇒ Sum of 5 numbers = 5 × 17 = 85

⇒ Excluded number = 96 − 85

⇒ Excluded number = 11

∴ The correct answer is 11.

Additional Information

Average Concept

Average is defined as the sum of all observations divided by the total number of observations. Average = Σx / n.

Excluded Value Formula

When one value is excluded, the excluded value = (Old Average × Old Number of items) − (New Average × New Number of items).

Effect on Average

If the excluded number is greater than the original average, the average decreases. If it is smaller, the average increases.

The correct answer is Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Key Points

• India is not a permanent member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
• Headquartered in Vienna, Austria, although Austria is not an OPEC member state.
• The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was founded in Baghdad, Iraq, with the signing of an agreement in September 1960 by five countries namely the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela.
• These countries were later joined by Qatar (1961), Indonesia (1962), Libya (1962), the United Arab Emirates (1967), Algeria (1969), Nigeria (1971), Ecuador (1973), Gabon (1975), Angola (2007), Equatorial Guinea (2017) and Congo (2018).
• **It is now a 13 members organization.**​

Additional Information

• South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
• Formed on 8^th December 1985, in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
• The regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union of states in South Asia.
• Its member states are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
• G20​
• It works to address major issues related to the global economy, such as international financial stability, climate change mitigation, and sustainable development.
• ​The members of the G20 are Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union.
• World Trade Organization​
• An intergovernmental organization that regulates and facilitates international trade.
• The WTO has 164 members and 25 observer governments.
• India is a permanent member of WTO.
• India has been a WTO member since 1 January 1995 and a member of GATT since 8 July 1948.

1. A finished before D, but after F.

F > A > D

2. E finished before B, but after D.

D > E > B

3. F finished after C, but before A.

C > F > A

From all the three statements, we get:

C > F > A > D > E > B

Clearly, CFADEB was the finishing order.

Hence, ‘CFADEB’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is increasing; decreasing.

Key Points

• The government deficit can be reduced by increasing taxes or decreasing expenditure.
• A deficit is an amount by which the expenditures in a budget exceed the income.
• Government Deficit 
• Amount of money in the set budget by which the government expenditure exceeds the government income amount.
• **It is an indication of the financial health of the economy.**​

Important Points

• Measures to Reduce Government Deficit
• Increased emphasis on tax-based revenues and appropriate measures to reduce tax evasion.
• Disinvestment should be done where assets are not being used effectively
• A reduction in subsidies by the government will also help reduce the deficit.
• Try and avoid unplanned expenditures.
• Borrowing from domestic sources.
• Borrowing from external sources.
• A broadened tax base may also help in reducing the government deficit.

The correct answer is Dharmachakra Pravartana.

Key Points

• Dharmachakra
• After 49 consecutive days of meditation, Gautama attained Bodhi (enlightenment) under a pipal tree at Bodhgaya a village in Bihar.
• Buddha gave his first sermon in the village of Sarnath, near the city of Benares in UP.
• This event is known as Dhammacakkappavattana (The Setting in Motion of the Wheel of Dharma).
• The Seated Buddha from Gandhara is an early statue of the Buddha made in Gandhara, in modern Pakistan, in the 2^nd or 3^rd century.
• The pose shows Buddha as a teacher setting the wheel of Dharma in motion (Dharmachakra Mudra).
• The mudra in Buddhism is a symbolic gesture of hands and fingers used in rituals and dances or sculptures and paintings.
• Buddha's first sermon after his enlightenment is preserved in the Pali Sutta-Pitaka (Samyutta Nikaya 56.11) as the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta, which means "The Setting in Motion of the Wheel of Dharma." In Sanskrit, the title is Dharmacakra Pravartana Sutra.
• In this sermon, the Buddha gave the first presentation of the Four Noble Truths, which are the foundational teaching, or primary conceptual framework, of Buddhism. Everything he taught after that ties back to the Four Truths.

The correct answer is Ugadi.

Key Points

• The festival Gudi Padwa is known in  Karnataka, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh by the name of Ugadi.
• Ugadi is celebrated as the New Year of the Telugu and Kannada people.
• The festival is known by different names in different states.
• It is known by the name of ‘Ugadi’ by the people of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.
• The name ‘Gudi Padwa’ is used by the people of Maharashtra and Cheti Chand by Sindhis.
• The festival of Ugadi is celebrated in April every year.
• The **festival falls according to the lunisolar calendar.**​

Additional Information

• Baisakhi
• ​Baisakhi has been a harvest festival in Punjab and also in northern India for a long time.
• In 1699, Guru Gobind Singh chose the festival as the moment to establish the Khalsa.
• Celebrated annually on 13 April and sometimes 14 April as a celebration of spring harvest primarily in Northern India.
• Akshay Tritiya
• The festival of Akshaya Tritiya is celebrated by Hindus and Jains around the world.
• Also known as Akti or Akha Teej, this day is believed to be one of the most auspicious occasions.
• ​According to the Hindu calendar, Akshaya Tritiya falls on the third tithi (lunar day) of Shukla Paksha of the Vaishakha month.
• Going by the Gregorian calendar, it falls somewhere around April and May.
• One of the most important rituals includes worshipping Lord Vishnu on this day.
• As per common belief, buying gold and properties on this day brings prosperity and wealth in the future.
• Pongal
• ​Pongal is a harvest festival celebrated by the Tamil community.
• It is a celebration to thank the Sun, Mother Nature, and the various farm animals that help to contribute to a bountiful harvest.
• Celebrated over four days, Pongal also marks the beginning of the Tamil month called Thai, which is considered an auspicious month.
• It usually falls on the 14^th or 15^th of January each year.

The correct answer is Alfred Wegener.

Key Points

• Continental Drift Theory (Alfred Wegener).
• Continental drift theory was proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912.
• It was first put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596 before fully being developed by Albert Wegener.
• The theory deals with the distribution of the oceans and the continents*.*
• According to Wegener’s Continental Drift theory, all the continents were one single continental mass (called a Supercontinent) – Pangaea and a Mega Ocean surrounded this supercontinent. The Mega Ocean is known by the name Panthalassa.
• Although Wegener's initial theory did not cover mantle convection until Arthur Holmes later proposed the theory.
• According to this theory, the supercontinent, Pangaea, began to split some two hundred million years back.
• Pangaea first split into 2 big continental masses known as Gondwanaland and Laurasia forming the southern and northern modules respectively.
• Later, Gondwanaland and Laurasia continued to break into several smaller continents that exist today.

Additional Information

Shortcut Trick

Total Work = LCM(45, 60) = 180 units.

Efficiency: X = 4, Y = 3.

Y worked alone for 39 days: Work done = 39 × 3 = 117 units.

Remaining work done by X and Y together = 180 − 117 = 63 units.

Number of days X worked = 63 ÷ (4 + 3) = 9 days.

∴ The correct answer is 9 days.

Alternate Method

Given:

Time taken by X = 45 days

Time taken by Y = 60 days

Remaining work completed by Y alone = 39 days

Formula Used:

Total Work = Time × Efficiency

Calculations:

⇒ Total Work = LCM of 45 and 60 = 180 units

⇒ Efficiency of X = 180 ÷ 45 = 4 units/day

⇒ Efficiency of Y = 180 ÷ 60 = 3 units/day

⇒ Combined Efficiency of X + Y = 4 + 3 = 7 units/day

⇒ Work done by Y in the last 39 days = 39 × 3 = 117 units

⇒ Work done by X and Y together = 180 − 117 = 63 units

⇒ Days they worked together = 63 ÷ 7 = 9 days

⇒ Since X left after they worked together, X worked for 9 days.

∴ The correct answer is 9 days.

Additional Information

Efficiency and Time Relationship

Efficiency is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete a task (Efficiency ∝ 1/Time).

Work and Wages

Wages are always distributed among workers in the ratio of the total work actually performed by each.

Combined Work Rate

If person A takes x days and B takes y days, together they take (x × y) ÷ (x + y) days to finish the work.

Given:

Numbers are 6892, 7105, 7531

Concept used:

For this type of question,

The divisor = HCF of the difference between the numbers from one another

Calculation:

7105 – 6892 = 213

7531 – 7105 = 426

7531 – 6892 = 639

HCF of 213, 426 and 639 is 213

So, x = 213

Now, dividing any of 6892, 7105, or 7531 by 213 we get the remainder = 76

Sum of the digits of x = 2 + 1 + 3

⇒ 6

∴ The sum of the digits of x is 6.

The correct answer is 70.10%.

Key Points

• According to the Periodic Labour Force Survey of India (2019-20), the literacy rate among the Scheduled Tribes Population of India is 70.10%.

Important Points

• Periodic Labour Force Survey of India (2019-20)
• Improvements in living conditions of the Scheduled Tribes (STs).
• The literacy rate for STs has improved from 47.1% in 2001 to 59% in 2011.
• Further, the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) report (July 2019 - June 2020) reveals that the literacy rate for STs increased to 70.1%.
• According to the Unified District Information System for Education (UDISE) Plus reports published by the Ministry of Education
• Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for ST students at Senior Secondary (classes IX-X) level has increased from 62.4% in 2012-13 to 76.7% in 2019-20.
• As per National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) conducted by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,
• For Scheduled Tribes, Infant Mortality Rate has declined from 62.1 (2005-06) to 44.4 (2015-16).
• Under Five Mortality Rate has declined from 95.7 (2005-06) to 57.2 (2015-16).
• Institutional Delivery has increased from 17.7% in 2005-06 to 68.0 % in 2015-16.
• The percentage of Underweight (weight-for-age) ST children under the age of five years have declined from 54.5 in 2005-06 to 45.3 in 2015-16.
• Erstwhile Planning Commission estimated:
• The percentage of ST people living below the poverty line in rural areas has declined from 62.3% in 2004-05 to 45.3% in 2011-12.
• Also, the percentage of ST people living below the poverty line in urban areas has **declined from 35.5% in 2004-05 to 24.1% in 2011-12.**​

Additional Information

• Considering the importance of the availability of labour force data at more frequent time intervals, 
• the NSO launched the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) in April 2017.
• The objective of PLFS is :
• To estimate the key employment and unemployment indicators (viz. Worker Population Ratio, Labour Force Participation Rate, Unemployment Rate) in the short time interval of three months for the urban areas only in the CWS.
• To estimate employment and unemployment indicators in both usual Status and CWS in both rural and urban areas annually.