NDA General Ability Test 6 Sep 2020 Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. alertly.

Key Points  

• The word 'absently' means lost in thought and unaware of one's surroundings or actions. (विचारों में खो जाना और अपने परिवेश या कार्यों से अनजान)
• The antonyms of the word 'absently' are "alertly, attentively, aware, consciously".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'alertly' is the opposite in meaning.
• The word 'alertly' means the state of being constantly attentive and responsive to signs of opportunity, activity, or danger. (अवसर, गतिविधि या खतरे के संकेतों के प्रति लगातार चौकस और उत्तरदायी होने की अवस्था)

Hence, we can say that 'alertly' is the opposite in meaning to the given word. Let's see the meaning of other given options-

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'absently' are "absentminded, abstracted, distracted, preoccupied".

The correct answer is option 3) i.e. ignorant.

Key Points  

• The word 'educated' means having or displaying advanced knowledge or education. (उन्नत ज्ञान या शिक्षा प्राप्त करना या प्रदर्शित करना)
• The antonyms of the word 'educated' are "ignorant, illiterate, uneducated".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'ignorant' is opposite in meaning.
• The word 'ignorant' means lacking knowledge or awareness in general; uneducated or unsophisticated. (सामान्य रूप से ज्ञान या जागरूकता की कमी; अशिक्षित या अपरिष्कृत)

Hence, we can say that 'ignorant' is the opposite in meaning to the given word. Let's see the meaning of other given options-

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'educated' are "erudite, knowledgeable, literate, scholarly".

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. trivial.

Key Points  

• The word 'important' means having great meaning or lasting effect. (महान अर्थ या स्थायी प्रभाव होना)
• The antonyms of the word 'important' are "trivial, unimportant, inconsiderable, insignificant".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'trivial' is opposite in meaning.
• The word 'trivial' means of little value or importance. (कम मूल्य या महत्व का)

Hence, we can say that 'trivial' is the opposite in meaning to the given word. Let's see the meaning of other given options-

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'important' are "meaningful, significant, substantial".

The correct answer is option 3) i.e. stall.

Key Points  

• The word 'move' means to cause to function. (कार्य करने के लिए कारण)
• The antonyms of the word 'move' are "stall, halt, jam".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'stall' is opposite in meaning.
• The word 'stall' means to stop or cause to stop making progress. (रुकना या प्रगति करना बंद करना)

Hence, we can say that 'stall' is opposite in meaning to the given word. Let's see the meaning of other given options-

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'move' are "actuate, run, trigger, turn on".

The correct answer is option 4) i.e. concealed.

Key Points:-

• The word 'expressed' means conveyed (a thought or feeling) in words or by gestures and conduct. (शब्दों में या इशारों और आचरण से संप्रेषित (एक विचार या भावना))
• The antonyms of the word 'expressed' are "concealed, implicit, unexpressed, unspoken".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'concealed' is opposite in meaning.
• The word 'concealed' means kept secret; hidden. (गोपनीय रखा; छिपा हुआ)

Hence, we can say that 'concealed' is the opposite in meaning to the given word. Let's see the meaning of other given options-

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'expressed' are "explicit, express, spoken, stated, voiced".

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. colder.

Key Points:-

• The word 'warmer' means of or at a fairly or comfortably high temperature. (उचित या आराम से उच्च तापमान पर )
• The antonyms of the word 'warmer' are "colder, cool, chilled".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'colder' is opposite in meaning.
• The word 'colder' means of or at a low or relatively low temperature. (कम या अपेक्षाकृत कम तापमान पर)

Hence, we can say that 'colder' is the opposite in meaning to the given word. Let's see the meaning of other given options-

Additional Information

• The word 'warmer' synonyms are "hot, warming, cozy, snug, comfortable".

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. indifferent.

Key Points:-

• The word 'concerned' means worried, troubled, or anxious. (चिंतित, परेशान)
• The antonyms of the word 'concerned' are "indifferent, disinterested, dispassionate, incurious".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'indifferent' is opposite in meaning.
• The word 'indifferent' means having no particular interest or sympathy; unconcerned. (कोई विशेष रुचि या सहानुभूति नहीं होना; असंबद्ध)

Hence, we can say that 'indifferent' is the opposite in meaning to the given word. Let's see the meaning of other given options-

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'concerned' are "anxious, distracted, engaged, engrossed".

The correct answer is option 4) i.e. agreement.

Key Points:- 

• The word 'debate' means a variance of opinion on a matter. (किसी मामले पर राय का विचलन)
• The antonyms of the word 'debate' are " agreement, consensus, harmony, unanimity".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'agreement' is opposite in meaning.
• The word 'agreement' means harmony or accordance in opinion or feeling. (सद्भाव या राय या भावना के अनुसार)

Hence, we can say that 'agreement' is opposite in meaning to the given word. Let's see the meaning of other given options-

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'debate' are "difference, disagreement, dispute, dissension".

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. imperviousness.

Key Points  

• The word 'sensitivity' means the state or quality of being able to sense slight impressions or differences. (मामूली छापों या मतभेदों को महसूस करने में सक्षम होने की अवस्था या गुण)
• The antonyms of the word 'sensitivity' are "imperviousness, insensitivity".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'imperviousness' is opposite in meaning.
• The word 'imperviousness' means incapable of being affected. (प्रभावित होने में असमर्थ)

Hence, we can say that 'imperviousness' is opposite in meaning to the given word. Let's see the meaning of other given options-

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'sensitivity' are "delicacy, perceptiveness, sensitiveness".

The correct answer is option 3) i.e. tiny.

Key Points:-

• The word 'huge' means unusually large. (असामान्य रूप से बड़ा)
• The antonyms of the word 'huge' are "tiny, little, mini, petite".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'tiny' is opposite in meaning.
• The word 'tiny' means very small. (बहुत छोटा)

Hence, we can say that 'tiny' is the opposite in meaning to the given word. Let's see the meaning of other given options-

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'huge' are "tremendous, vast, whacking, whopping".

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. P R Q S​.

​

Key Points

• The sentence 'P' is independent of any other sentences as it is giving general information about "sometime back". Hence, 'P' is the first part.
• The noun "Professor Andrew Dessler" in the sentence 'R' refers back to the sentence 'P'. Hence, 'R' follows 'P'.
• The adjective 'introductory' in the sentence 'R' is describing the noun "course" in the sentence 'Q'. Hence, 'Q' follows 'R'.
• The sentence 'S' is concluding the sentence by mentioning for whom the course is all about. Hence, 'S' makes the last sentence.
  

After rearranging the sentences: Several years ago Professor Andrew Dessler created an introductory course on climate change at Texas A & M University for freshmen and sophomores.

Important Points

• Important Rules to Solve the Sentence Jumbles:
• Read the sentences attentively and try to comprehend the idea or theme of the sentence and eliminate the irrelevant options.
• Try to identify the opening (independent sentence) and closing sentences (concluding sentence).
• Try to identify the mandatory pairs. Two sentences can be connected through various connectors and other determinants.

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. P R Q S​.

​

Key Points

• The sentence 'P' is independent of any other sentences as it is giving general information about "solving the climate change". Hence, 'P' is the first part.
• The future result of the sentence 'P' is described in the sentence 'R'. Hence, 'R' follows 'P'.
• The adjective 'harder' in the sentence 'R' is linked with the preposition "than" in the sentence 'Q'. Hence, 'Q' follows 'R'.
• The sentence 'S' is concluding the sentence. Hence, 'S' makes the last sentence.
  

After rearranging the sentences: I realize that solving the climate change problem will be much harder than solving.

Important Points

• Important Rules to Solve the Sentence Jumbles:
• Read the sentences attentively and try to comprehend the idea or theme of the sentence and eliminate the irrelevant options.
• Try to identify the opening (independent sentence) and closing sentences (concluding sentence).
• Try to identify the mandatory pairs. Two sentences can be connected through various connectors and other determinants.

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. P S Q R​.

​

Key Points

• The sentence 'P' is independent of any other sentences as it is giving general information about "temperature of a layer". Hence, 'P' is the first part.
• The phrase "layer of the" in the sentence 'P' is linked with the noun 'atmosphere' in the sentence 'S'. Hence, 'S' follows 'P'.
• The adjective 'careful' in the sentence 'S' is modified by the adverb "when" in the sentence 'Q'. Hence, 'Q' follows 'S'.
• The sentence 'R' is concluding the sentence. Hence, 'R' makes the last sentence.
  

After rearranging the sentences: Although the temperature of this layer of the atmosphere should generally track the surface temperature, we must be careful when directly comparing the satellite measurements of temperature.

Important Points

• Important Rules to Solve the Sentence Jumbles:
• Read the sentences attentively and try to comprehend the idea or theme of the sentence and eliminate the irrelevant options.
• Try to identify the opening (independent sentence) and closing sentences (concluding sentence).
• Try to identify the mandatory pairs. Two sentences can be connected through various connectors and other determinants.

The correct answer is option 4) i.e. P R S Q

​

Key Points

• The sentence 'P' is independent of any other sentences as it is giving general information about the "Heating of element". Hence, 'P' is the first part.
• The result of the sentence 'R' is described in the sentence 'P'. Hence, 'R' follows 'P'.
• The sentence 'S' is linked with the sentence 'R'. Hence, 'S' follows 'R'.
• The sentence 'Q' is concluding the sentence by describing that eventually after heating and radiating it reaches high temperatures. . Hence, 'Q' makes the last sentence.
  

After rearranging the sentences: The element heats up, glowing like a dark orange that radiates the visible range, eventually reaching high temperatures.

Important Points

• Important Rules to Solve the Sentence Jumbles:
• Read the sentences attentively and try to comprehend the idea or theme of the sentence and eliminate the irrelevant options.
• Try to identify the opening (independent sentence) and closing sentences (concluding sentence).
• Try to identify the mandatory pairs. Two sentences can be connected through various connectors and other determinants.

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. P S Q R​.

​

Key Points

• The sentence 'P' is independent of any other sentences as it is giving general information about an "argument". Hence, 'P' is the first part.
• The comparative adjective 'warmer' in the sentence 'P' is linked with the preposition 'than' in the sentence 'S'. Hence, 'S' follows 'P'.
• The phrase "Venus is closer" in the sentence 'S' is linked with the noun 'Sun' in the sentence 'Q'. Hence, 'Q' follows 'S'.
• The sentence 'R' is concluding the sentence by mentioning the final argument. Hence, 'R' makes the last sentence.
  

After rearranging the sentences: Two people argue why Venus is so much warmer than the Earth, the first argues that it's because Venus is closer to the Sun, so it absorbs more solar energy, the second argues that it's because Venus has a thick, greenhouse-gas-rich atmosphere.

Important Points

• Important Rules to Solve the Sentence Jumbles:
• Read the sentences attentively and try to comprehend the idea or theme of the sentence and eliminate the irrelevant options.
• Try to identify the opening (independent sentence) and closing sentences (concluding sentence).
• Try to identify the mandatory pairs. Two sentences can be connected through various connectors and other determinants.

The correct answer is option 4) i.e. S P R Q.

​

Key Points

• The sentence 'S' is independent of any other sentences as it is giving general information about a "plan". Hence, 'S' is the first part.
• The use of the noun "gain sharing-plans" in the sentence 'S' is described in the sentence 'P'. Hence, 'P' follows 'S'.
• The noun "firms" in the sentence 'P' is linked with the preposition 'in' in the sentence 'R'. Hence, 'R' follows 'P'.
• The sentence 'Q' is concluding the sentence by mentioning the final result. Hence, 'Q' makes the last sentence.
  

After rearranging the sentences: Gain sharing-plans are now used by more than a thousand firms in the United States and Europe and are growing in popularity.

Important Points

• Important Rules to Solve the Sentence Jumbles:
• Read the sentences attentively and try to comprehend the idea or theme of the sentence and eliminate the irrelevant options.
• Try to identify the opening (independent sentence) and closing sentences (concluding sentence).
• Try to identify the mandatory pairs. Two sentences can be connected through various connectors and other determinants.

The correct answer is option 3) i.e. S R P Q.

​

Key Points

• The sentence 'S' is independent of any other sentences as it is giving general information about "the essay". Hence, 'S' is the first part.
• The noun "intimacy" in the sentence 'S' is linked with the preposition 'between' in the sentence 'R'. Hence, 'R' follows 'S'.
• The conjunction 'and' in the sentence 'R' is connecting the noun 'prosperity' to the noun 'adversity' in the sentence 'P'. Hence, 'P' follows 'R'.
• The sentence 'Q' is concluding the sentence and also 'succumbing' is followed by the preposition 'to'. Hence, 'Q' makes the last sentence.
  

After rearranging the sentences: The essay 'Of Friendship' by Francis Bacon celebrated the intimacy between friends which is subjected to both prosperity and adversity without succumbing to the clouds of doubt and jealousy.

Important Points

• Important Rules to Solve the Sentence Jumbles:
• Read the sentences attentively and try to comprehend the idea or theme of the sentence and eliminate the irrelevant options.
• Try to identify the opening (independent sentence) and closing sentences (concluding sentence).
• Try to identify the mandatory pairs. Two sentences can be connected through various connectors and other determinants.

The correct answer is option 3) i.e. R Q P S.

​

Key Points

• The sentence 'R' is independent of any other sentences as it is giving general information about "miserable solitude". Hence, 'R' is the first part.
• The phrase "compels a person" in the sentence 'R' is linked with the phrase "make friends" in the sentence 'Q'. Hence, 'Q' follows 'R'.
• The adjective 'true' in the sentence 'Q' is describing the noun 'friends' in the sentence 'P'. Hence, 'P' follows 'Q'.
• The sentence 'S' is concluding the sentence. Hence, 'S' makes the last sentence.
  

After rearranging the sentences: It is miserable solitude that compels a person to make friends and a person wills to want true friends without which the world is nothing other than a place of wilderness.

Important Points

• Important Rules to Solve the Sentence Jumbles:
• Read the sentences attentively and try to comprehend the idea or theme of the sentence and eliminate the irrelevant options.
• Try to identify the opening (independent sentence) and closing sentences (concluding sentence).
• Try to identify the mandatory pairs. Two sentences can be connected through various connectors and other determinants.

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. R Q P S​.​

Key Points

• The sentence 'R' is independent of any other sentences as it is giving general information about "the job". Hence, 'R' is the first part.
• The determiner "that" in the sentence 'Q' refers back to the noun "job" in the sentence 'R'. Hence, 'Q' follows 'R'.
• The verb 'started' in the sentence 'Q' is linked with the verb 'takes' in the sentence 'P'. Hence, 'P' follows 'Q'.
• The sentence 'S' is concluding the sentence. Hence, 'S' makes the last sentence.
  

After rearranging the sentences: The job that never started takes the longest to finish.

Important Points

• Important Rules to Solve the Sentence Jumbles:
• Read the sentences attentively and try to comprehend the idea or theme of the sentence and eliminate the irrelevant options.
• Try to identify the opening (independent sentence) and closing sentences (concluding sentence).
• Try to identify the mandatory pairs. Two sentences can be connected through various connectors and other determinants.

The correct answer is option 4) i.e. R S Q P​.​

Key Points

• The sentence 'R' is independent of any other sentences as it is giving general information about "the substitute of worry". Hence, 'R' is the first part.
• The preposition "about" in the sentence 'R' is linked with the pronoun "what" in the sentence 'S'. Hence, 'S' follows 'R'.
• The adverb 'not' in the sentence 'S' is modifying the verb 'control' in the sentence 'Q'. Hence, 'Q' follows 'S'.
• The sentence 'P' is concluding the sentence. Hence, 'P' makes the last sentence.
  

After rearranging the sentences: Instead of worrying about what you cannot control, shift your energy to what you create.

Important Points

• Important Rules to Solve the Sentence Jumbles:
• Read the sentences attentively and try to comprehend the idea or theme of the sentence and eliminate the irrelevant options.
• Try to identify the opening (independent sentence) and closing sentences (concluding sentence).
• Try to identify the mandatory pairs. Two sentences can be connected through various connectors and other determinants.

The correct answer is 'annulment.'

Key Points

• The given word 'divorce' means a legal decree dissolving a marriage. (क़ानूनन विवाह-विच्‍छेद या तलाक़)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Detachment' means the fact or feeling of not being personally involved in something. (किसी चीज़ में व्यक्तिगत रूप से शामिल न होने की भावना)
• 'Breaking down' means cease to continue; collapse. (टूट जाना, विफल हो जाना)
• 'Annulment' means an invalidation, as of marriage, by the decree of a court. (अदालत की आधिकारिक आदेश द्वारा, विवाह के रूप में अमान्यता)
• 'Punishment' means the action or way of punishing somebody. (दंड, सज़ा)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'divorce' are "annulment, invalidation, cancellation".
• The antonyms of the word 'divorce' are "enactment, validation, retention".
• Example of 'divorce' in a sentence:
• The point of being married is not to get a divorce.

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. amiable.

Key Points:-

• The word 'gentle' means having or showing a mild, kind, or tender temperament or character. (सौम्य, दयालु या कोमल स्वभाव या चरित्र होना या दिखाना)
• The synonyms of the given word 'gentle' are "amiable, kind, tender, benign, humane".
• The synonym of the given word 'gentle' is 'amiable' since both have a similar meaning.
• The word 'amiable' means having or displaying a friendly and pleasant manner. (दोस्ताना और सुखद तरीके से होना या प्रदर्शित करना)
• Hence, the correct answer is 'amiable'.
• ​​​Let's look at the meaning of the other given options-
  

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the given word 'gentle' are "harsh, inclement, intemperate, severe".

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. recoils.

Key Points   

• The word 'bounces back' means to regain a former or normal state. (एक पूर्व या सामान्य स्थिति वापस पाने के लिए)
• The synonyms of the given word 'bounces back' are "recoils, come back, rally, rebound, recover".
• The synonym of the given word 'bounces back' is 'recoils' since both have a similar meaning.
• The word 'recoils' means rebound or spring back through force of impact.
• Hence, the correct answer is 'recoils'.
• ​​​Let's look at the meaning of the other given options-
  

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the given word 'bounces back' are "decline, fail, worsen".

The correct answer is option 3) i.e. accomplish.

Key Points

• The word 'execute' means to carry through (as a process) to completion. ((एक प्रक्रिया के रूप में) पूरा करना)
• The synonyms of the given word 'execute' are "accomplish, achieve, carry out, commit".
• The synonym of the given word 'execute' is 'accomplish' since both have a similar meaning.
• The word 'accomplish' means to achieve or complete successfully. (सफलता प्राप्त करना या पूर्ण करना)
• Hence, the correct answer is 'accomplish'.
• ​​​Let's look at the meaning of the other given options-
  

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the given word 'execute' are "fail, skimp, slight, slur".

The correct answer is 'patiently'.

Key Points

• The given word 'equanimity' means calmness and composure, especially in a difficult situation. (शांत और संयम, विशेष रूप से एक कठिन परिस्थिति में)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Carelessly' means in a casual or reckless way. (असावधानी या लापरवाही से)
• 'Excitedly' means in a very enthusiastic and eager manner. (उत्तेजित होकर)
• 'Patiently' means in a way that shows tolerance of delays, problems, or suffering without becoming annoyed or anxious. (धैर्यपूर्वक)
• 'Half-heartedly' means without enthusiasm or energy. (बेमन से)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'equanimity' are "patiently, calmness, composure".
• The antonyms of the word 'equanimity' are "anxiety, concern, worry".
• Example of 'equanimity' in a sentence:
• He accepted the prospect of his operation with equanimity.

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. pointless.

Key Points:-

• The word 'futile' means serving no useful purpose: completely ineffective. (बिना किसी उपयोगी उद्देश्य की सेवा करना: पूरी तरह से अप्रभावी)
• The synonyms of the given word 'futile' are "pointless, fruitless, ineffective, unprofitable".
• The synonym of the given word 'futile' is 'pointless' since both have a similar meaning.
• The word 'pointless' means having little or no sense, use, or purpose. (कम या कोई अर्थ, उपयोग या उद्देश्य नहीं हो)
• Hence, the correct answer is 'pointless'.
• ​​​Let's look at the meaning of the other given options-
  

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the given word 'futile' are "deadly, effective, profitable, fruitful".

The correct answer is 'dodgy'.

Key Points

• The given word 'cunning' means clever in a dishonest or bad way. (चालाक, धूर्त)
• ​Let's see the meaning of other given options:-
• 'Capable' means having the ability or qualities necessary to do something. (कुछ करने में सक्षम या समर्थ)
• 'Fir' means a tree with thin leaves that do not fall off in winter. (पतली पत्तियोंवाला एक वृक्ष जिसकी पत्तियाँ शरद ऋतु में नहीं गिरती हैं; देवदार)
• 'Intelligent' means having or showing the ability to understand, learn and think; clever. (समझने, सीखने और सोचने की क्षमता से संपन्‍न, बुद्धिमान; चतुर)
• 'Dodgy' means involving risk; not honest or not to be trusted. (जिसमें धोखा खाने का ख़तरा हो; ईमानदारी-रहित या ग़ैर-भरोसेमंद)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'cunning' are "dodgy, deceptive, dishonest".
• The antonyms of the word 'cunning' are "innocent, honest, trustful".
• Example of 'cunning' in a sentence:
• In the story, the cunning fox outwits the hunters.

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. momentous.

Key Points:-

• The word 'crucial' means of the greatest possible importance. (अधिकतम संभव महत्व)
• The synonyms of the given word 'crucial' are "momentous, critical, key, pivotal, vital".
• The synonym of the given word 'crucial' is 'momentous' since both have a similar meaning.
• The word 'momentous' means of great importance or significance. (बहुत महत्व )
• Hence, the correct answer is 'momentous'.
• ​​​Let's look at the meaning of the other given options-
  

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the given word 'crucial' are "inconsequential, insignificant, minor, trivial, unimportant".

The correct answer is option 3) i.e. berserk.

Key Points   

• The word 'frenzy' means a state of wildly excited activity or emotion. (बेतहाशा उत्तेजित गतिविधि या भावना की स्थिति)
• The synonyms of the given word 'frenzy' are "berserk, hysteria, rage, rampage, uproar".
• The synonym of the given word 'frenzy' is 'berserk' since both have a similar meaning.
• The word 'berserk' means out of control with anger or excitement; wild or frenzied.
• Hence, the correct answer is 'berserk'.
• ​​​Let's look at the meaning of the other given options-
  

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the given word 'frenzy' are "calmness, peacefulness, sereneness, tranquilness".

The correct answer is option 4) i.e. hankering.

Key Points   

• The word 'yearning' means a strong wish for something. (किसी चीज की प्रबल इच्छा)
• The synonyms of the given word 'yearning' are "hankering, craving, desire, hunger".
• The synonym of the given word 'yearning' is 'hankering' since both have a similar meaning.
• The word 'hankering' means a strong desire to have or do something. (कुछ करने या करने की तीव्र इच्छा)
• Hence, the correct answer is 'hankering'.
• ​​​Let's look at the meaning of the other given options-
  

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the given word 'yearning' are "apathy, indifference, allergy, averseness".

The correct answer is 'in'.

Key Points      

• Let's explore the given options:
• The preposition 'of' is used to express the relationship of a part of something to its whole.
• Example: Employees of the company.
• The preposition 'in' is used to involve or connect with a particular subject or activity.
• Example: I never knew you were in publishing.
• The preposition 'by' is used to show the person or thing that does something.
• Example: The motorcycle was driven by a tiny bald man.
• The preposition 'to' means approaching or reaching.
• Example: It's only two weeks to Christmas.
• Therefore, from the context of the sentence, the correct option is 'in'.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
  

Complete Sentence: Simulations of the 20th century by climate models that exclude the observed increase in greenhouse gases fail to simulate the increase in temperature over the second half of the 20th century.

Additional Information  

• A preposition is a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause.

Hinglish

• आइए दिए गए विकल्पों का पता लगाएं:
• Preposition 'of' का प्रयोग किसी वस्तु के किसी भाग के संपूर्ण के साथ संबंध को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।
• उदाहरण: Employees of the company.
• Preposition 'in' का प्रयोग किसी विशेष विषय या गतिविधि से जुड़ा या जुड़ा हुआ को दर्शाने के लिए किया जाता है। 
• उदाहरण: I never knew you were in publishing.
• Preposition 'by' का प्रयोग उस व्यक्ति या वस्तु को दिखाने के लिए किया जाता है जो कुछ करता है।
• उदाहरण: The motorcycle was driven by a tiny bald man.
• Preposition 'to' का अर्थ है पहुंचना।
• उदाहरण: It's only two weeks to christmas.
• अत: वाक्य के संदर्भ से सही विकल्प 'in' है।
• अतः विकल्प 2 सही उत्तर है।
  

पुरा वाक्य: Simulations of the 20th century by climate models that exclude the observed increase in greenhouse gases fail to simulate the increase in temperature over the second half of the 20th century.

The correct answer is 'at'.

Key Points

• Let us explore the options:
• The preposition 'in' is used for showing when something happens.
• Example: I’ll come and see you in the morning for a cup of coffee, okay?
• The preposition 'on' means in the possession of; being carried by.
• Example: Which page is that curry recipe on?
• The preposition 'by' means as a means of something or someone.
• Example: The motorcycle was driven by a tiny bald man.
• The preposition 'at' is used while referring to someone's age.
• Example: Many children leave school at 16.
• Therefore, from the context of the sentence, the correct option is 'at'.
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.
  

Complete Sentence: In extremely poor societies, children can be put to work at a young age and are therefore a source of income.

Hinglish

• आइए विकल्पों का पता लगाएं:
• Preposition 'in' का प्रयोग कुछ घटित होने पर दिखाने के लिए किया जाता है।
• उदाहरण: I’ll come and see you in the morning for a cup of coffee, okay?
• Preposition 'on' का अर्थ है कब्जे में; द्वारा ले जाया जा रहा है।
• उदाहरण: Which page is that curry recipe on?
• Preposition 'by' का अर्थ है किसी चीज या किसी के साधन के रूप में।
• उदाहरण: The motorcycle was driven by a tiny bald man.
• Preposition 'at' का प्रयोग किसी की उम्र के संदर्भ में किया जाता है।
• उदाहरण: Many children leave school at 16.
• अतः वाक्य के सन्दर्भ से सही विकल्प 'at' है।
• अत: विकल्प 4 सही उत्तर है।

पुरा वाक्य: In extremely poor societies, children can be put to work at a young age and are therefore a source of income.

The correct answer is 'to'.

Key Points      

• Let us explore the options:
• The preposition 'to' is used when someone is affected by something.
• Example: The government announced today that it is to cut funding for the arts for next year.
• The preposition 'about' means in the possession of; being carried by.
• Example: What's that book about?
• The preposition 'at' is used for expressing a particular state or condition.
• Example: We were surprised at the news.
• The preposition 'on' means engaged in.
• Example: Her talk is on Italian women's literature.
• Therefore, from the context of the sentence, the correct option is 'to'.
• Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.
  

Complete Sentence: People who are averse to hard work, generally do not succeed in life.

• Averse to is a phrasal verb meaning having a clear dislike of (something): strongly opposed to (something).
• For Examples:-
• He seems to be averse to exercise.
• No one is more averse to borrowing money than he is.
  

Hinglish

• आइए विकल्पों का पता लगाएं:

• Preposition 'to' का प्रयोग तब किया जाता है जब कोई किसी चीज से प्रभावित होता है।

• उदाहरण:  The government announced today that it is to cut funding for the arts for next year.

• Preposition 'about' का अर्थ है कब्जे में; द्वारा ले जाया जा रहा है।

• उदाहरण: What's that book about?

• Preposition 'at' का प्रयोग किसी विशेष अवस्था या स्थिति को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।

• उदाहरण:  We were surprised at the news.

• Preposition 'on' का अर्थ है लगे रहना।

• उदाहरण: Her talk is on Italian women's literature.

• अतः वाक्य के संदर्भ से सही विकल्प 'to' है।

• अतः विकल्प 1 सही उत्तर है।

• Averse to एक वाक्यांश क्रिया (phrasal verb) है जिसका अर्थ है (कुछ) का स्पष्ट नापसंद होना: (कुछ) का दृढ़ता से विरोध करना।

• उदाहरण के लिए:- 

• He seems to be averse to exercise.

• No one is more averse to borrowing money than he is.

पूर्ण वाक्य: People who are averse to hard work, generally do not succeed in life.

The correct answer is 'for'.

Key Points      

• Let us explore the given options:
• The preposition 'since' means in the intervening period between (the time mentioned) and the time under consideration, typically the present.
• Example: She hasn't spoken to him since last year.
• The preposition 'for' is used for saying a length of time or a distance.
• Example: We walked for miles.
• The preposition 'at' is used for expressing the time when an event takes place.
• Example: There's a meeting at 2.30 this afternoon.
• The preposition 'before' means during the period of time preceding (a particular event or time).
• Example: Before leaving he said goodbye to each of them.
• Therefore, from the context of the sentence, the correct option is 'for'.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
  

Complete Sentence: I have known her for a long time.

• For is used with a period of time.
• Since is used to refer to a specific point in time.  
  

Additional Information  

• A preposition is a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause.
  

Hinglish

• आइए दिए गए विकल्पों का पता लगाएं:
• Preposition 'since' का अर्थ है (उल्लिखित समय) और विचाराधीन समय के बीच की अवधि में, आमतौर पर वर्तमान।
• उदाहरण: She hasn't spoken to him since last year.
• Preposition 'for' का प्रयोग समय की लंबाई या दूरी के लिए किया जाता है।
• उदाहरण: We walked for miles.
• Preposition 'at' का प्रयोग किसी घटना के घटित होने के समय को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।
• उदाहरण: There's a meeting at 2.30 this afternoon.
• Preposition 'before' का अर्थ पूर्ववर्ती समय की अवधि (एक विशेष घटना या समय) के दौरान है।
• उदाहरण: Before leaving he said goodbye to each of them.
• अतः वाक्य के संदर्भ से सही विकल्प 'for' है।
• अतः विकल्प 2 सही उत्तर है।
• For समय की अवधि के साथ प्रयोग किया जाता है।
• Since समय में एक विशिष्ट बिंदु को संदर्भित करने के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है।
• एक Preposition एक शब्द है जो शासन करता है, और आमतौर पर पूर्ववर्ती, एक संज्ञा या सर्वनाम और खंड में किसी अन्य शब्द या तत्व के संबंध को व्यक्त करता है।

पूर्ण वाक्य: I have known her for a long time.

The correct answer is 'on'.

Key Points      

• Let us explore the options:
• The preposition 'on' means concerning a particular subject.
• Example: Her talk is on Italian women's literature.
• The preposition 'in' is used for expressing the situation of something that is or appears to be enclosed or surrounded by something else.
• Example: I got stuck in a traffic jam for half an hour.
• The preposition 'by' means as a means of something or someone.
• Example: I'm reading some short stories (written) by Chekhov.
• The preposition 'within' means inside the range of (a specified action or perception).
• Example: Two-thirds of Californians live within 15 miles of the coast.
• Therefore, from the context of the sentence, the correct option is 'on'.
• Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.
  

Complete Sentence: I accepted the offer on certain conditions.

Hinglish

• आइए विकल्पों का पता लगाएं:
• Preposition 'on' का अर्थ है किसी विशेष विषय से संबंधित।
• उदाहरण: Her talk is on Italian women's literature.
• Preposition 'in' का प्रयोग किसी ऐसी चीज की स्थिति को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है जो किसी चीज से घिरी हुई या घिरी हुई प्रतीत होती है।
• उदाहरण: I got stuck in a traffic jam for half an hour.
• Preposition 'by' का अर्थ है किसी चीज या किसी के साधन के रूप में।
• उदाहरण: I'm reading some short stories (written) by Chekhov.
• Preposition 'within' का अर्थ है (एक निर्दिष्ट क्रिया या धारणा) की सीमा के अंदर।
• उदाहरण: Two-thirds of Californians live within 15 miles of the coast.
• अतः वाक्य के संदर्भ से सही विकल्प 'on' है।
• अतः विकल्प 1 सही उत्तर है।

पुरा वाक्य: I accepted the offer on certain conditions.

The correct answer is 'of'.

Key Points      

• Let us explore the given options:
• The preposition 'off' means abstaining from.
• Example: One of my buttons has come off.
• The preposition 'of' is used for saying who or what has a particular feature, aspect, or quality.
• Example: The color of his tie matches his suit.
• The preposition 'from' is used for indicating separation or removal.
• Example: They were exiled from their homes during the war.
• The preposition 'within' means inside the range of (a specified action or perception).
• Example: Two-thirds of Californians live within 15 miles of the coast.
• Therefore, from the context of the sentence, the correct option is 'of'.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct

Complete Sentence: She is a woman of humble origin.

Hinglish

• आइए दिए गए विकल्पों का पता लगाएं:
• Preposition 'off' का अर्थ है परहेज करना।
• उदाहरण: One of my buttons has come off.
• Preposition 'of' यह कहने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है कि किसके पास कोई विशेष विशेषता, पहलू या गुणवत्ता है।
• उदाहरण: The color of his tie matches his suit.
• Preposition 'from' का प्रयोग अलगाव या हटाने को इंगित करने के लिए किया जाता है।
• उदाहरण: They were exiled from their homes during the war.
• Preposition 'within' का अर्थ है (एक निर्दिष्ट क्रिया या धारणा) की सीमा के अंदर।
• उदाहरण: Two-thirds of Californians live within 15 miles of the coast.
• अतः वाक्य के संदर्भ से सही विकल्प 'of' है।
• अत: विकल्प 2 सही है।

पूर्ण वाक्य: She is a woman of humble origin.

The correct answer is 'for'.

Key Points      

• Let us explore the options:
• The preposition 'for' means relating to or concerning someone or something.
• Example: I've got a lot of admiration for people who do that sort of work.
• The preposition 'of' is used for saying who or what has a particular feature, aspect, or quality.
• Example: Let us consider the events of the last five months.
• The preposition 'to' is used for showing the purpose of an action.
• Example: I'm going there to see my sister.
• The preposition 'on' means in the possession of; being carried by.
• Example: His initials were engraved on the back of his watch.
• Therefore, from the context of the sentence, the correct option is 'for'.
• Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.
  

Complete Sentence: There is no cure for the common cold.

Hinglish

• आइए विकल्पों का पता लगाएं:
• Preposition 'for' का अर्थ है किसी या किसी चीज़ से संबंधित।
• उदाहरण: I've got a lot of admiration for people who do that sort of work.
• Preposition 'of' यह कहने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है कि किसके पास कोई विशेष विशेषता, पहलू या गुणवत्ता है।
• उदाहरण: Let us consider the events of the last five months.
• क्रिया के उद्देश्य को दर्शाने के लिए Preposition 'to' का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
• उदाहरण: I'm going there to see my sister.
• Preposition 'on' का अर्थ है कब्जे में; द्वारा ले जाया जा रहा है।
• उदाहरण: His initials were engraved on the back of his watch.
• अतः वाक्य के संदर्भ से सही विकल्प 'for' है।
• अतः विकल्प 1 सही उत्तर है।

पुरा वाक्य: There is no cure for the common cold.

The correct answer is 'into'.

Key Points      

• Let us explore the options:
• The preposition 'by' means as a means of something or someone.
• Example: I'm reading some short stories (written) by Chekhov.
• The preposition 'off' means away from the place in question; to or at a distance.
• Example: Keep the dog on the lead or he'll just run off.
• The preposition 'beside' means at the side of; next to.
• Example: Come and sit here beside me.
• The preposition 'ran into' means to encounter unexpectedly.
• Example: Graham ran into someone he used to know at school the other day.
• Therefore, from the context of the sentence, the correct option is 'into'.
• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.
  

Complete Sentence: I ran into John yesterday, and it was a pleasant surprise.

Additional Information  

• A preposition is a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause.

​

Hinglish

• आइए विकल्पों का पता लगाएं:
• Preposition 'by' का अर्थ है किसी चीज या किसी के साधन के रूप में।
• उदाहरण:  I'm reading some short stories (written) by Chekhov.​
• Preposition 'off' का अर्थ है विचाराधीन स्थान से दूर; करने के लिए या दूरी पर।
• उदाहरण:  Keep the dog on the lead or he'll just run off.
• Preposition 'beside' का अर्थ है की ओर; इसके आगे।
• उदाहरण : Come and sit here beside me.
• Preposition 'ran into' का अर्थ है अप्रत्याशित रूप से सामना करना।
• उदाहरण: Graham ran into someone he used to know at school the other day.
• अतः वाक्य के संदर्भ से सही विकल्प 'into' है।
• अत: विकल्प 4 सही उत्तर है।
• एक preposition एक शब्द है जो शासन करता है, और आमतौर पर पूर्ववर्ती, एक संज्ञा या सर्वनाम और खंड में दूसरे शब्द या तत्व के संबंध को व्यक्त करता है।

पुरा वाक्य: I ran into John yesterday, and it was a pleasant surprise.

The correct answer is 'in'.

Key Points

• Let us explore the options:
• The preposition 'in' is used for showing where someone or something is.
• Example: They live in a charming old house.
• The preposition 'on' means on to; in the possession of; being carried by.
• Example: We could hang this picture on the wall next to the door.
• The preposition 'beside' means at the side of; next to.
• Example: Come and sit here beside me.
• The preposition 'within' means inside the range of (a specified action or perception).
• Example: Two-thirds of Californians live within 15 miles of the coast.
• Therefore, from the context of the sentence, the correct option is 'in'.
• Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.
  

Complete Sentence: My grandmother enjoyed boating in the lovely lake.

Hinglish

• आइए विकल्पों का पता लगाएं:
• Preposition 'in' का उपयोग यह दिखाने के लिए किया जाता है कि कोई व्यक्ति या कुछ कहाँ है।
• उदाहरण: They live in a charming old house.
• Preposition 'on' का अर्थ है पर; के कब्जे में; द्वारा ले जाया जा रहा है।
• उदाहरण: We could hang this picture on the wall next to the door.
• Preposition 'beside' का अर्थ है की ओर; इसके आगे।
• उदाहरण :  Come and sit here beside me.
• Preposition 'within' का अर्थ है (एक निर्दिष्ट क्रिया या धारणा) की सीमा के अंदर।
• उदाहरण: Two-thirds of Californians live within 15 miles of the coast.
• अतः वाक्य के संदर्भ से सही विकल्प 'in' है।
• अतः विकल्प 1 सही उत्तर है।

पूर्ण वाक्य: My grandmother enjoyed boating in the lovely lake.

The correct answer is option 3)  i.e. of.

Key Points      

• Let us explore the options:
• The preposition 'from' is used for indicating separation or removal.
• The preposition 'off' means abstaining from.
• The preposition 'of' means containing or consisting of something.
• The preposition 'on' means in the possession of; being carried by.
• Hence, from the context of the sentence, the correct option is 'of'.
  

Complete Sentence: He visits the needy to relieve them of their sufferings and poverty.

Additional Information

• A preposition is a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause.

Hinglish

• आइए विकल्पों का पता लगाएं:
  
• The preposition 'from' का प्रयोग अलगाव या हटाने को इंगित करने के लिए किया जाता है।
• The preposition 'off' का अर्थ है परहेज करना।
• The preposition 'of' मतलब किसी चीज से युक्त या युक्त।
  
• The preposition 'on' के कब्जे में मतलब है; द्वारा किया जा रहा है।
  
• अतः वाक्य के संदर्भ में सही विकल्प 'of' है।
  

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. b.​

Key Points

• .' comprises six houses' should be there in place of 'comprises of six houses'
• 'comprises' is not followed by 'of' preposition. 'Comprises' itself means 'consist of', so no need to add 'of' after it.
• Hence, no options 2 is the correct answer
  

Correct sentence: This building comprises six houses three parking lots and one basement.

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. b​.​

Key Points

• From the given options, the second option is incorrect.
• The infinitive 'meet' used in the sentence is incorrect, the gerund "meeting" should be used in the sentence, the object of the preposition "to".
• The adverbial prepositional phrase "to meeting" modifies the intransitive phrasal verb "look forward." "I", is the subject.
• Hence, the option "to meet" contains an error.
  

Correct sentence: I look forward to meeting you.

Important Points

• A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing". The gerund looks exactly the same as a present participle, but it is useful to understand the difference between the two. The gerund always has the same function as a noun (although it looks like a verb).

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. b​.​

Key Points

• From the given options, the second option is incorrect.
• The meaning of the verb cope is to manage.
• 'Cope' is followed by the preposition 'with' and never followed by 'up'.
• “Cope up” is an interpretation that is sometimes used incorrectly in place of “keep up.”
• “Cope” is an intransitive verb meaning to deal with something well, despite or in the face of some difficulty.
• Hence, the option "cope up" contains an error.
  

Correct sentence: I cannot cope with the pressure.

Important Points

• A preposition is a word used to link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence. They act to connect the people, objects, time and locations of a sentence. Prepositions are usually short words, and they are normally placed directly in front of nouns.

The correct answer is option 3) i.e. c​.​

Key Points

• From the given options, the third option is incorrect.
• The common noun 'walk' in the third option is incorrect.
• The present participle of the verb 'walking' should be used in the place noun 'walk'.
• Hence, the option "by walk" contains an error.
  

Correct sentence: I came to this place by walking.

Important Points

• A present participle is a word that ends with "-ing", formed from a verb, and is used as an adjective or to form verb tense.

The correct answer is option 3) i.e. c​.​

Key Points

• From the given options, the third option is incorrect.
• The preposition 'in' used in the third option is incorrect.
• 'Time' is an abstract concept, it does not have a body. So, it can not be contained “in” a watch or anything else.
• The correct phrase/usage is “by your watch”. ‘By’ here has the meaning of “according to”. So, the sentence is basically asking, ‘What time is your watch showing?'
• Hence, the option "in your watch?" contains an error.
  

Correct sentence: What is the time by your watch?

Important Points

• A preposition is a word used to link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence. They act to connect the people, objects, time and locations of a sentence. Prepositions are usually short words, and they are normally placed directly in front of nouns.

The correct answer is option 4) i.e. d​.​

Key Points

• From the given options, the fourth option is incorrect.
• The determiner 'the', the singular noun 'price', the preposition 'of', the pronoun 'my', the comparative adjective 'higher', the preposition 'than' and the plural noun 'yours' are used correctly in all the options.
• Hence, no options contain an error.
  

Correct sentence: The price of my dress is higher than that of yours.

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. b​.​

Key Points

• From the given options, the second option is incorrect.
• The expression “daughter-in-laws” is wrong as there is only one 'law' but there can be many “daughters”.
• The verb 'have' is a plural verb and it will take only the plural noun "daughters-in-law".
• The plural form of the noun “daughter-in-law” is "daughters-in-law".
• Hence, the option "daughter-in-laws" contains an error.
  

Correct sentence: My friend's daughters-in-law have come​.

Important Points

• The subject-verb agreement simply means the subject and verb must agree in number. This means both need to be singular or both need to be plural.

The correct answer is option 3) i.e. c.​

Key Points

• From the given options, the third option is incorrect.
• The preposition 'than' in the third option should be replaced by the preposition 'to'.
• The verb 'prefer' is used in the sentence, preferring something implies a relationship between exactly two things: one superior, one inferior. We cannot prefer something more 'than' something else to something.
• When the comparison is between a noun to a noun, we use 'prefer' with the preposition 'to'.
• Hence, the option "than Mediterranean food" contains an error.
  

Correct sentence: I prefer seafood to Mediterranean food.

Important Points

• We use 'prefer' with "to" when the comparison is between:
• Noun to Noun.
• Gerund to Gerund.
• We use 'prefer' with "than" when the comparison is between Infinitives to Infinitives.

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. b​.​

Key Points

• From the given options, the second option is incorrect.
• The preposition 'about' used in the second option is superfluous. The preposition 'about' should be removed from the sentence.
• The verb 'discussing' is a transitive verb, which means it always needs a direct object in the sentence.
• The verb “discussing” does not need the preposition “about” before the direct object (here- the issue).
• Hence, the option "discussing about" contains an error.
  

Correct sentence: We were discussing the issue.

The correct answer is option 1) i.e. a​.​

Key Points

• From the given options, the first option is incorrect.
• The phrase "Dispose off" should be replaced by "Disposed of".
• "Dispose off" means to throw out or away and "Dispose of" means to get rid of.
• Hence, the option "Dispose off" contains an error.
  

Correct sentence: Dispose of the garbage from the shelves.

Important Points

• A preposition is a word used to link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence. They act to connect the people, objects, time and locations of a sentence. Prepositions are usually short words, and they are normally placed directly in front of nouns.

The correct answer is Polynesia.

• New Zealand:
• New Zealand, island country in the South Pacific Ocean, the southwesternmost part of Polynesia.
• New Zealand is a remote land, one of the last sizable territories suitable for habitation to be populated and settled, and lies more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southeast of Australia, its nearest neighbor.
• The country comprises two main islands the North and South Islands and a number of small islands, some of them hundreds of miles from the main group.
• The capital city is Wellington and the largest urban area Auckland; both are located on the North Island.
• About two-thirds of the land is economically useful, the remainder being mountainous. Because of its numerous harbors and fjords, the country has an extremely long coastline relative to its area.
• New Zealand is part of the Ring of Fire the circum-Pacific seismic belt marked by frequent earthquakes and considerable volcanic activity.

The correct answer is 1, 2, and 3.

Key Points

• Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY):
• Launched on 1st July 2015 with the motto of "Har Khet Ko Paani".
• PMKSY is being implemented to expand the cultivated areas with assured irrigation, reduce wastage of water, and improve water use efficiency.
• PMKSY not only focuses on creating sources for assured irrigation but also creating protective irrigation by harnessing rainwater at the micro-level through "Jal Sanchay" and "Jal Sinchan".
• Micro-irrigation is also incentivized through subsidy to ensure "Per drop-More crop".
• PMKSY will be supervised and monitored by an Inter-Ministerial National Steering Committee (NSC) will be constituted under the Chairmanship of the Prime Minister with Union Ministers from concerned Ministries.

The correct answer is 1, 2, and 3.

• Article- 79:
• There shall be a Parliament for the Union which shall consist of the President and two Houses to be known respectively as the Council of States and the House of the People.

Important Points

• Indian Parliament:
• Parliament is the supreme legislative body of India.
• The Indian Parliament comprises the President and the two Houses - Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and Lok Sabha (House of the People).
• The President has the power to summon and prorogue either House of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha.
• The Constitution of India came into force on January 26, 1950.
• The first general elections under the new Constitution were held during the year 1951-52 and the first elected Parliament came into existence in April 1952.

The correct answer is USSR.

Key Points

• Five-year plan system:
• Five-Year Plans (FYPs) are centralised and integrated national economic programs.
• Joseph Stalin implemented the first FYP in the Soviet Union(USSR) in the late 1920s.
• Most communist states and several capitalist countries subsequently have adopted them.

Important Points

• Indian five-year plan system
• India launched its First FYP in 1951, under the socialist influence of the first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
• The process began with the setting up of the Planning Commission in March 1950.
• Objective: 
• ​To promote a rapid rise in the standard of living of the people by efficient use of the resources of the country, increasing production, and offering opportunities to all for employment in the service of the community.
• The Planning Commission was charged with the responsibility of making assessments of all resources of the country, augmenting deficient resources, formulating plans for the most effective and balanced utilization of resources, and determining priorities.

The correct answer is the Fifth Five Year Plan.

Key Points

• Garibi Hatao slogan:
• ‘Garibi Hatao’ was the slogan given by Indira Gandhi at the time of the fifth five-year plan.
• It was given for the objective of the poverty aviation and employment creation for a better life.
• The commitment to Poverty alleviation was followed by the formulation of a 20 point program by Indira Gandhi.
• The Fifth Five Year Plan India was sketched out for the period spanning 1974 to 1979.

Additional Information

• 4^th Five Year Plan:
• Rolled out during 1969-74.
• Also known as Ashok Rudrah Manne Model.
• First, two years was successful with record food grain production due to the Green revolution.
• Targeted growth rate: 5.7%, Achieved growth rate: 3.3%.
• The plan became a failure because of the huge influx of refugees from Bangladesh during Indo-Pak was 1971.
• 5^th Five Year Plan:
• Targeted growth rate: 4.4%, Achieved growth rate: 4.8%
• It was terminated 1 year before the plan period, in March 1978.
• The final draft of the plan was made by DP Dhar with the objective of removal of poverty & attainment of self-reliance.
• 6th Five Year Plan: 
• It was started in  1980.
• The targeted growth rate was 5.2% and the actual growth rate was 5.7%.
• In this plan, The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development was established in 1982 by recommendation of the Shivaraman Committee.
• 7th Five Year Plan: 
• The plan laid stress on improving the productivity level of industries by upgrading technology.
• The main objectives of the Seventh Five-Year Plan were to establish growth in areas of increasing economic productivity, production of food grains, and generating employment through "Social Justice".
• The target growth rate was 5.0% and the actual growth rate was 6.01% and the growth rate of per capita income was 3.7%.

The correct answer is A - 3, B - 4, C - 1, D - 2.

Important Points

Additional Information

• First Five year Plan (1951-56):
• After independence, India launched its First FYP in 1951, under socialist influence of first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
• It was based on Harrod-Domar Model.
• The Plan focussed on agriculture, price stability, power and transport.
• Objectives of rehabilitation of refugees, food self-sufficiency & control of prices were more or less achieved.
• Fifth Five Year Plan( 1974**-**1979):
• The  Draft of the fifth plan was prepared and launched by D.P. Dhar.
• The targeted growth rate was 4.4% but the actual growth achieved was 4.8%
• Main Objectives of the fifth five-year plan are:
• The removal of poverty
• Economic Independence
• Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007-2012):
• The National Development Council (NDC) has approved the Eleventh Plan on 19th December 2007.
• The averages economic growth rate to 9 percent from 7.6 percent recorded during the Tenth Plan.
• The total outlay of the Eleventh Plan has been placed at Rs.3644718 crore.
• The basic theme of this plan period is “Inclusive Growth”.
• Twelfth Five-Year Plan (2012-2017):​
• The Aim of the 12th five-year plan was- Faster, Sustainable and More Inclusive Growth.
• The growth rate target for this plan was 8% per annum.
• Poverty should be reduced by 10%
• The average educational age should increase to 7 years.
• The total fertility rate should be decreased to 2.1.

The correct answer is  Equal justice and free legal aid.

Key Points

• Provisions included in DPSPs after the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976:
• There are four new Directive Principles by the way of the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 to the original list: 
• Article  39: To secure opportunities for the healthy development of children.
• Article 39A: To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor.
• Article  43A: To take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries.
• Article  48A: To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife.
• 44th amendment act of 1978 added one directive principal:
• Article 38: The State shall, in particular, strive to minimize the inequalities in income, and endeavor to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities, and opportunities.

The correct answer is a law passed by the parliament.

Key Points

• Establishment of common High Court for two or more states:
• Seventh amendment Act of 1956 authorized the parliament to establish a common high court for two or more States or for two or more states and union territory.
• Parliament may by law establish a common High Court for two or more States or for two or more States and a Union territory.
• Article related to High court 214-231(Part 6) of the constitution.
• At present, there are 25 high courts in the country.

The correct answer is Motilal Nehru.

Key PointsMotilal Nehru Committee (1928):

• Under the Act of 1919, new reforms were to be introduced in India by the British Government after every 10 years.
• For this purpose, the Simon Commission was sent to India in 1927.
• Most of the Indian political parties decided to boycott the Commission on the plea that it lacked Indian representation.
• Lord Birkenhead, Secretary of State for Indian Affairs, challenged the Indians, “If they have any political capability and competence then they should form a unanimous constitution and present it to us and we will implement it”.
• Indian political parties accepted the challenge and called an All Parties Conference at Delhi in January 1928.
• During the third session of the All Parties Conference held at Bombay in May 1928 that a seven members committee under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru to determine the basic features of the future constitution of India.

Option 4 is not correct.

Key Points

• Jaipal Singh Munda:
• Jaipal Singh was born on 3 January 1903 in Munda tribal family in Takra, a small village in Khunti Block in Khunti District of Jharkhand.
• Jaipal Singh was a gifted hockey player. In 1928, Singh captained the India Hockey Team at the Amsterdam Olympics to win the country’s first-ever Olympic gold medal. Hence statement 3 is correct.
• Jaipal Singh established Adivasi Mahasabha in 1938 and demanded that a separate state ‘Jharkhand’ to be carved out of Bihar. Hence statement 2 is correct and 4 is not correct.
• After independence, in 1950, the Adivasi Mahasabha became a full-fledged political party – Jharkhand Party – and Jaipal Singh was its first President.
• Jaipal Singh was elected to the Constituent Assembly in 1946 from Bihar province. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• .He was one of the few Independent candidates to have been elected to the Constituent Assembly, a platform that he would use to voice the concerns and promote the interests of tribal people across India.

The correct answer is A mascot.

Key Points

• Tikki Mausi:
• The aim is to spread awareness about the nutrition, children and women, the Department of Women & Child Development and Mission Shakti, Government of Odisha, in collaboration with the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) unveiled a mascot named ‘Tikki Mausi’.
• Key Highlights:
• The department in collaboration with UNICEF also launched a comprehensive state-level communication strategy to make the public aware of children and woman’s nutrition and their development.
• The mascot: ‘Tikki Mausi’ aims to change the behavior of common people and make them aware of the child and woman’s nutrition and development in every household.
• The name ‘Tikki Mausi’
• The mascot has been named so in reference to the second mother of a child.
• Tikki Mausi is a gregarious character and is an empathetic protagonist with extensive knowledge on all issues related to women and children, thus loves to talk to people and raise their awareness on key positive social behaviors and practices.

The correct answer is Tourism and jobs: a better future for all.

• The theme for World Tourism Day, 2019 was Tourism and jobs: a better future for all.

Key Points

• World Tourism Day:
• Acknowledging the pace with which tourism has grown as an industry, the United Nations World Tourism Organization announced September 27 as World Tourism Day in 1980 and has been celebrating the day since then.
• Each year sees a new theme and a new country as a host.
• The objective is to acquaint people with the social, economic, cultural, and political importance of tourism and make them responsible tourists in turn.
• In 2019 for the first time, India will be hosting World Tourism Day which has the theme ‘Tourism and Jobs: a better future for all.

Additional Information

• The theme for World Tourism day 2020 was Tourism and Rural Development.
• The theme for World Tourism day 2021 was Tourism for Inclusive Growth.

The correct answer is Russia.

Key Points

• Exercise TSENTR 2019:
• Exercise TSENTR 2019 was conducted by the Central Military Commission of Russia.
• This year the exercise was planned between 09 September to 23 September 2019 at Donguz training ranges, Orenburg, Russia.
• Participants: Apart from host Russia, military contingents from China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Uzbekistan took part in this mega event.
• Aims: 
• The exercise aims at evolving drills of the participating armies and practicing them in the fight against the scourge of international terrorism thereby ensuring military security in the strategic Central Asian region.

The correct answer is Denmark.

• Denmark is called the 'country of winds'.

Key Points

• Country of winds:
• Denmark is called the 'Country of Winds' as it has the highest proportion of wind power in the world.
• It has the highest proportion of wind power in the world.
• Wind dominated, with 47% of the green energy coming from wind turbines.
• Denmark fulfil 50% of its power requirements from renewable energy
• Denmark:
• Capital: Copenhagen
• Currency: Danish krone
• Monarch: Margrethe II
• Prime Minister: Mette Frederiksen

Additional Information

• India is known as a country of villages.
• China is also known as The Red Dragon.

The correct answer is the Survey of India.

• Survey of India is the oldest scientific department of the Government of India

Key Points

• Survey of India:
• The National Survey and Mapping Organisation of the country under the Department of Science & Technology is the oldest scientific department of the Government of India.
• It was set up in 1767 and has evolved rich traditions over the years.
• In its assigned role as the Nation's Principal Mapping Agency, Survey of India bears a special responsibility to ensure that the country's domain is explored and mapped suitably, provide base maps for expeditious and integrated development and ensure that all resources contribute with their full measure to the progress, prosperity, and security of our country now and for generations to come.

Additional Information

• Department of Biotechnology comes under the Ministry of Science and Technology.
• It was founded in the year 1986.
• The India Meteorological Department comes under the aegis of the Ministry of Earth Sciences of the Government of India.
• It was founded in the year 1875.
• Defence Research and Development Organisation comes under the aegis of the Ministry of Defence.
• It was founded in the year 1958.

The correct answer is Oman.

Key Points

• Naseem-Al-Bahr (Sea Breeze) is a bilateral naval exercise between the Indian Navy and the Royal Navy of Oman, being conducted since 1993.
• Indian Navy ships Beas and Subhadra and Oman Navy ships RNOV Al Rasikh and RNOV Khassab are participating in this exercise.
• Oman Capital: Muscat
• Currency: Omani rial

Important Points

The correct answer is Chess.

Key Points

• Humpy Koneru:
• She born on 31 March 1987 in Gudivada, Andhra Pradesh
• She is an Indian chess grandmaster and current World Rapid Chess Champion.
• The youngest ever to win a World Junior title at 14 years, the youngest woman in the world to earn the GM title at that time, Asian Champion, British Women’s Champion.
• She won the individual bronze at the Women's World Team Chess Championship 2015 held in Chengdu, China.
• Koneru won three gold medals at the World Youth Chess Championship: 1997 (under-10 girls' division), 1998 (under-12 girls), and 2000 (under-14 girls).

Important Points

• ​Awards and achievements of Humpy Koneru:
• In 2003: Arjuna Award
• In 2007: Padma Shri
• In 2019: Women's World Rapid Chess Championship

The correct option is Vijaya.

Key Points

• Khelo India Youth Games: 
• Host City: Guwahati, Assam, India
• Moscot: Jaya the blackbuck and Vijay the tiger are the mascots for Khelo India Youth Games.
• Khelo India Youth Games has been introduced to establish India as a sporting superpower by building a strong framework for all sports played in our country and reviving the sports culture in India.
• The third edition of the Khelo India Youth Games was held from 10 January 2020 to 22 January 2020.
• The event was held in 20 disciplines with the participation of 37 states and Union Territories.
• Khelo India program’s inaugural edition was held in New Delhi in 2018, while Pune hosted the 2nd edition in 2019.

The correct answer is Ukraine International Airlines.

Key Points

• Ukraine International Airlines (UIA) flight crashes:
• The Boeing 737-800, operated by Ukraine International Airlines, took off from Imam Khomeini international airport at 6.12 am Tehran time on Wednesday.
• Ukraine International Airlines (UIA) flight crashed shortly after taking off from the Iranian capital Tehran on 8 January, killing all 176 passengers and crew members on board.
• It came in the midst of escalating tensions between the US and Iran.
• Iran admitted it had shot the Boeing plane down unintentionally.

The correct answer is Vishakapatnam.

Key Points

• Milan 2020:
• The Indian Navy’s major multilateral exercise, Milan 2020, in which around 30 countries were to participate at Visakhapatnam has been postponed due to the spread of Coronavirus.
• It is a biennial, multilateral naval exercise that started in 1995.
• The Navy has held 10 editions of the Milan exercise, with the theme of “synergy across the seas” to enhance professional interactions between friendly foreign navies and learn best practices from each other, since 1995.
• It was conducted at the Andaman and Nicobar Command until 2018.

The correct answer is Calcium carbonate.

Important Points

• Calcium carbonate and its forms:
• In nature, calcium carbonate occurs in the forms of chalk, limestone, and marble.
• Formation:
• ​The skeletal remains of dead sea animals sink to the seabed. Over millions of years, layer build-up and pressure from the top layer changes the bottom layer into chalk.
• Earth movements due to earthquake lift the layer of chalk to the Earth's surface.
• The earth's movements can also cause the layers to sink further. Thus, high pressure and heat cause the chalk to turn into much harder limestone.
• The limestone deposit may stay below the Earth for a longer time and due to higher pressure and temperature, the limestone turns to marble.

The correct answer is 32.

Key Points

Electronic Configuration:

• The distribution of electrons in an atom is called Electronic Configuration.
• The formula $2(n)^2$helps in the determination of the maximum number of electrons present in an orbit, here n= orbit number.
• Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles arranged like a cloud of negative charges outside the nucleus of an atom.
• The arrangement depends upon their potential energies in different orbits. The different energy levels are known as 1, 2, 3, 4..... and the corresponding shells are known as K, L, M, N, and so on.

For Example: 

• 1st energy level- K shell
• 2nd energy level- L shell
• 3rd energy level- M shell and
• 4th energy level- N shell and so on.

Hence for N shell n=4

By formula = $2(n)^2 = 2 \times 16 = 32$ , Hence Maximum no of an electron in N shell = 32

The correct answer is Ethanoic acid.

Ethanoic acid:

• Ethanoic acid commonly known as acetic acid belongs to a group of carboxylic acids.
• Vinegar used in our day to day life is a 5-8% solution of acetic acid (Ethanoic acid ) in water.
• It is extensively used as a preservative in pickles.

Important Points

• Tartaric acid: also called a dicarboxylic acid, one of the most widely distributed of plant acids, with a number of food and industrial uses.
• Sulphuric acid: also spelt as sulfuric acid or H₂SO₄, is an odourless, colourless, oily liquid.
• Also, it is very corrosive.
• Another name for it is Oil of Vitriol.
• On account of its wide applications, it has alluded as the ‘King of Chemicals’.

The correct answer is The pressure depends on the height of the liquid column.

Key Points

The pressure exerted by liquid at depth h of container given by:

P=hdg

• d = density of liquid
• g = acceleration due to gravity
• h= depth of liquid

Important Points

• The pressure increases as the depth inside the liquid increases.
• Liquid pressure remains the same in all directions at a given depth.
• A liquid with higher density exerts more pressure than a liquid of low density.

CONCEPT:

Sound: 

• A sound is a form of energy that produces a sensation of hearing in our ears.
• It is a kind of disturbance that travels through a medium due to repeated vibrations of the particles of the medium about their mean positions.
• The disturbance being handed over from one particle to the next.

Sound: It is a form of energy produced by vibration or disturbance that propagates in a medium.

• It travels in the form of longitudinal waves (Compression or rarefaction)

EXPLANATION:

• Sound waves travel in straight lines directly outwards from their source in the form of compression and rarefaction.
• From above it is clear that a sound is a form of energy that produces a sensation of hearing in our ears.
• Sound is a mechanical wave and needs a material medium like air, water, steel, etc. for its propagation.
• It cannot travel through a vacuum. Therefore option 4 is incorrect.

The correct answer is Gujarat.

Key Points

• The Kandla port (Gujrat): 
• One of the top 12 major ports in the country, had been rechristened as Deendayal Port in the name of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya.
• It is one of the busiest ports of India which handles one-fifth of the foreign trade of India predominantly in mineral oil and dry cargo.

Important Points

• There are some ports in the country which are named after individuals:
• Jawaharlal Nehru Port, located east of Mumbai in Maharashtra.
• Kamarajar Port located on the Coromandel Coast about 24 km north of Chennai Port in Tamil Nadu.

The correct answer is Cartagena.

Key Points

Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity:

• The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity aims to ensure the safe transfer, handling, and use of living modified organisms that result from modern biotechnology that may have adverse effects on biological diversity, taking also into account risks to human health.
• The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is a legally binding protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
• It was named in honor of Cartagena, Colombia, where negotiations were expected to conclude in February 1999.
• One year later, on January 29, 2000, the Protocol was finalized and adopted in Montreal, Canada by unanimous consent with 135 countries present.

The correct answer is Kavery River.

• Krishna Raja Sagara Dam/Reservoir is developed on the Kavery River.

Key Points

• Krishna Raja Sagar dam:
• Krishna Raja Sagar dam is constructed on the Kaveri river in the state of Karnataka.
• Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV Maharaj of Mysore constructed the dam during the famine of 1911.
• The gravity dam is made of surki mortar instead of cement.
• The water is used for irrigation in Mysore and Mandya, and it is the main source of drinking water for all of Mysore, Mandya, and almost the whole of Bengaluru city.

Additional Information

• Krishna River:
• It originates from the Mahabaleshwar, Western Ghats.
• The tributaries of the river are Tungabhadra, Mallaprabha, Koyna, Bhima, Ghataprabha, Yerla, Warna, Dindi, Musi, and Dudhganga.
• Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, Koyna Hydroelectric Project, Almatti Dam, Srisailam Dam and Bhadra Dam is on the Krishna river.
• The Tungabhadra River flows through the state of Karnataka.
• It is a tributary of the Krishna river.
• The Tungabhadra dam is located on the river.
• Godavari:
• It originates from the Tribakeshwar in Nashik district of Maharashtra.
• It drains into the Bay of Bengal.
• It flows through the states of Maharashtra, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh.
• Tributaries:
• Left bank: Banganga, Kadva, Shivana, Purna, Kadam, Pranahita, Indravati, Taliperu, Sabari, Dharna.
• Right bank: Nasardi, Pravara, Sindphana, Manjira, Manair, Kinnerasani.
• Nizam Sagar Dam, Singur Dam, Manjara Dam, Singur Dam are some important dams located on the river Godavari.

The correct answer is Tripura.

• Tripura shares a border with only one country Bangladesh.

Important Points

The Indian States on International Boundaries:

The correct answer is Punjab.

Key Points

Confusion Points

• The question is asking about the least populated State among the given OPTION only, which is Punjab.
• Otherwise, the least populated State of India according to Census 2011 is Sikkim with a population of 60,7688.

Important Points

• According to the 2011 census:
• Most populated state of country: Uttar Pradesh (199,812,341)
• Least populated state in the country: Sikkim (610577)
• Census 2011 was the seventh census after the independence and fifteenth census overall.
• 2011 Census Commissioner of India – C. Chandramouli​
• Moto of Census – 'Our Census, Our Future'

The correct answer is Four.

• People of India speak a large number of languages most of which belong to the families of:
• Indo-Aryan language
• Dravidian language
• Mon-Khmer language
• Sino-Tibetan language

Important Points

• The Aryan Languages:
• This is the most important of all the families of languages and spoken by a little less than three-fourths of the Indian population.
• The Aryan languages are divided into the following two main branches:

1. The Dardic Aryan Languages
2. The Indo Aryan Languages

• Dravidian Languages:
• Dravidian languages are older than the Aryan languages.
• The Dravidian languages, 153 in number, form the second major linguistic group of the country (24.47 percent).
• According to an estimate, Dravidians entered India much before the Aryans.
• Other estimates indicate that they are the original inhabitants of the country, who were driven away towards the south by the Aryans at a later stage.
• Mon-Khmer language:
• ​It constitutes the indigenous language family of mainland Southeast Asia.
• They range north to southern China, south to Malaysia, west to Assam state in India, and east to Vietnam.
• Some ethnic groups in Assam and other parts of eastern India speak languages of the
  

Mon-Khmer group.

• Sino-Tibetan language:
• Sino-Tibetan languages, group of languages that includes both the Chinese and the Tibeto-Burman languages.
• In terms of numbers of speakers, they constitute the world’s second-largest language family after Indo-Aryan.
• People in the northern Himalayan region and near the Burmese border speak Sino-Tibetan languages.
• Speakers of 20 Mon-Khmer languages and 98 Sino-Tibetan languages together make up about 2 percent of the population.

The correct answer is South Africa.

Important Points

• Mahatma Gandhi in Africa:
• Born in India and educated in England, Gandhiji traveled to South Africa in early 1893 to practice law under a one-year contract.
• Settling in Natal, he was subjected to racism and South African laws that restricted the rights of Indian laborers.
• When his contract expired, he spontaneously decided to remain in South Africa and launch a campaign against legislation that would deprive Indians of the right to vote.
• He formed the Natal Indian Congress and drew international attention to the plight of Indians in South Africa.
• In 1906, the Transvaal government sought to further restrict the rights of Indians, and Gandhi organized his first campaign of satyagraha or mass civil disobedience.
• After seven years of protest, he negotiated a compromise agreement with the South African government.

The correct answer is Lord Irwin.

Key Points

Important Points

• Dandi March:
• The Salt Satyagraha was initiated by Mahatma Gandhi against the salt tax that was imposed by the British Government in India.
• Mahatma Gandhi launched the Civil Disobedience Movement with his famous Dandi March, which began on 12th March 1930 and ended on April 6th, 1930.
• Gandhi traveled a total distance of 386 km from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi on the coast of the Arabian sea.
• Mahatma Gandhi broke the salt law on the coastal town of Dandi on the Arabian Sea on April 5.
• Dandi March is also known as Namak Satyagrah or Salt Satyagrah.
• Lord Irwin was the viceroy between 1926 to 1931 so above all activities take place in his duration as viceroy of India.