IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) · Topic Collection

English Comprehension PYQs

Reading comprehension, vocabulary, synonyms and antonyms, idiom usage, error spotting, sentence improvement, and cloze tests.

765 Total Questions21 Official PapersYears: 2018–2025Search in English Comprehension
Showing questions 481–500 of 765Page 25 of 39
RRB Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held on: 24th September 2022) (Previous Year Paper)·English Language
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Question 481

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) 2022• English Language• English Language

In the following passage, some words have been left out. Read the passage carefully and select the correct answer for the given blank out of the given alternatives.

Despite all the global headwinds, talks of inflation, and recession the Indian markets have seen (1) _______ revitalized energy. The past couple of months have been encouraging. In the month of July Sensex gained 9.4%, whereas August witnessed gains of 1.5%.

The market in the short term primarily gets (2) ________ affected by either facts or noise. The facts for obvious reasons act as a stronger indicator of the sustainability of a trend. Thus, it becomes important to understand what it is that is driving the market.

There have been a lot of talks about the de-coupling of India from the West. The opinion is that India will (3) ________ continue to witness growth despite the underperformance of its Western peers. But if we look through history the GDP growth rate of India and the USA have been (4) ________ insufficiently in line with each other, (5) ________ sketching any downward movement in the USA economy will have its trickle-down impact on India too.

Which of the following words refers to the blank labelled as (1)?

  1. AOption (a)

    rescued

  2. BOption (b)

    renewed

  3. COption (c)

    rectified

  4. DOption (d)

    declining

  5. EOption (e)

    misleading

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

renewed

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'renewed.'

Key Points

  • The given text suggests that the blank must contain a word that means 'revitalized' I.e., imbue (something) with new life and vitality.
  • Let us see the meaning of the words given in the options:
  • rescued ⇒ saved (someone or something).
  • renewed ⇒ resumed (an activity) after an interruption.
  • rectified ⇒ made corrections of any error.
  • declining ⇒ decreasing.
  • misleading ⇒ giving the wrong idea or impression.
  • From the above discussion, we can see that the correct sentence is 'Despite all the global headwinds, talks of inflation, and recession the Indian markets have seen renewed energy.'

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

RRB Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held on: 24th September 2022) (Previous Year Paper)·English Language
View full paper

Question 482

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) 2022• English Language• English Language

In the following passage, some words have been left out. Read the passage carefully and select the correct answer for the given blank out of the given alternatives.

Despite all the global headwinds, talks of inflation, and recession the Indian markets have seen (1) _______ revitalized energy. The past couple of months have been encouraging. In the month of July Sensex gained 9.4%, whereas August witnessed gains of 1.5%.

The market in the short term primarily gets (2) ________ affected by either facts or noise. The facts for obvious reasons act as a stronger indicator of the sustainability of a trend. Thus, it becomes important to understand what it is that is driving the market.

There have been a lot of talks about the de-coupling of India from the West. The opinion is that India will (3) ________ continue to witness growth despite the underperformance of its Western peers. But if we look through history the GDP growth rate of India and the USA have been (4) ________ insufficiently in line with each other, (5) ________ sketching any downward movement in the USA economy will have its trickle-down impact on India too.

Which of the following words refers to the blank labelled as (2)?

  1. AOption (a)

    unmoved

  2. BOption (b)

    demonstrated

  3. COption (c)

    influenced

  4. DOption (d)

    jaded

  5. EOption (e)

    mandated

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (c)C.

influenced

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'influenced.'

Key Points

  • The given text suggests that the blank must contain a word that means the opposite of ' affected means impacted.
  • Let us see the meaning of the words given in the options:
  • unmoved ⇒ not changed, steadfast.
  • demonstrated ⇒ clearly show the existence or truth of (something) by giving proof or evidence.
  • influenced ⇒ have an effect on.
  • jaded ⇒ tired, physically exhausted.
  • mandated ⇒ assigned or administer (something, such as a territory) under a mandate.
  • From the above discussion, we can see that the correct sentence is 'The market in the short term primarily gets influenced by either facts or noise.'

Hence, the correct answer is Option 3.

RRB Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held on: 24th September 2022) (Previous Year Paper)·English Language
View full paper

Question 483

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) 2022• English Language• English Language

In the following passage, some words have been left out. Read the passage carefully and select the correct answer for the given blank out of the given alternatives.

Despite all the global headwinds, talks of inflation, and recession the Indian markets have seen (1) _______ revitalized energy. The past couple of months have been encouraging. In the month of July Sensex gained 9.4%, whereas August witnessed gains of 1.5%.

The market in the short term primarily gets (2) ________ affected by either facts or noise. The facts for obvious reasons act as a stronger indicator of the sustainability of a trend. Thus, it becomes important to understand what it is that is driving the market.

There have been a lot of talks about the de-coupling of India from the West. The opinion is that India will (3) ________ continue to witness growth despite the underperformance of its Western peers. But if we look through history the GDP growth rate of India and the USA have been (4) ________ insufficiently in line with each other, (5) ________ sketching any downward movement in the USA economy will have its trickle-down impact on India too.

Which of the following words refers to the blank labelled as (3)?

  1. AOption (a)

    carry on

  2. BOption (b)

    break down

  3. COption (c)

    bear away

  4. DOption (d)

    call up

  5. EOption (e)

    draw on

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (a)A.

carry on

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'carried on.'

Key Points

  • The given text suggests that the blank must contain a word that means 'continue' I.e., to persist in an activity or process.
  • Let us see the meaning of the phrasal verbs given in the options:
  • carry on ⇒ persist, keep om.
  • break down ⇒ cease to function.
  • bear away ⇒ attain a victory.
  • call up ⇒ summon someone to serve in the armed forces or remember (something).
  • draw on ⇒ use one's experience, talents, or skills as a resource.
  • From the above discussion, we can see that the correct sentence is 'The opinion is that India will carry on to witness growth despite the underperformance of its Western peers.'

Hence, the correct answer is Option 1.

RRB Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held on: 24th September 2022) (Previous Year Paper)·English Language
View full paper

Question 484

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) 2022• English Language• English Language

In the following passage, some words have been left out. Read the passage carefully and select the correct answer for the given blank out of the given alternatives.

Despite all the global headwinds, talks of inflation, and recession the Indian markets have seen (1) _______ revitalized energy. The past couple of months have been encouraging. In the month of July Sensex gained 9.4%, whereas August witnessed gains of 1.5%.

The market in the short term primarily gets (2) ________ affected by either facts or noise. The facts for obvious reasons act as a stronger indicator of the sustainability of a trend. Thus, it becomes important to understand what it is that is driving the market.

There have been a lot of talks about the de-coupling of India from the West. The opinion is that India will (3) ________ continue to witness growth despite the underperformance of its Western peers. But if we look through history the GDP growth rate of India and the USA have been (4) ________ insufficiently in line with each other, (5) ________ sketching any downward movement in the USA economy will have its trickle-down impact on India too.

Which of the following words refers to the blank labelled as (4)?

  1. AOption (a)

    inefficiently

  2. BOption (b)

    quickly

  3. COption (c)

    abruptly

  4. DOption (d)

    freely

  5. EOption (e)

    fairly

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (e)E.

fairly

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'fairly.'

Key Points

  • The given text suggests that the blank must contain a word that means the opposite of 'insufficiently' I.e., adequately or moderately.
  • Let us see the meaning of the words given in the options:
  • inefficiently ⇒ not efficiently.
  • quickly ⇒ fast.
  • abruptly ⇒ suddenly.
  • freely ⇒ willingly, without being controlled.
  • fairly ⇒

to a moderately high degree; relatively; pretty much.

  • From the above discussion, we can see that the correct sentence is 'But if we look through history the GDP growth rate of India and the USA have been fairly in line with each other.'

Hence, the correct answer is Option 5.

RRB Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held on: 24th September 2022) (Previous Year Paper)·English Language
View full paper

Question 485

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) 2022• English Language• English Language

In the following passage, some words have been left out. Read the passage carefully and select the correct answer for the given blank out of the given alternatives.

Despite all the global headwinds, talks of inflation, and recession the Indian markets have seen (1) _______ revitalized energy. The past couple of months have been encouraging. In the month of July Sensex gained 9.4%, whereas August witnessed gains of 1.5%.

The market in the short term primarily gets (2) ________ affected by either facts or noise. The facts for obvious reasons act as a stronger indicator of the sustainability of a trend. Thus, it becomes important to understand what it is that is driving the market.

There have been a lot of talks about the de-coupling of India from the West. The opinion is that India will (3) ________ continue to witness growth despite the underperformance of its Western peers. But if we look through history the GDP growth rate of India and the USA have been (4) ________ insufficiently in line with each other, (5) ________ sketching any downward movement in the USA economy will have its trickle-down impact on India too.

Which of the following words refers to the blank labelled as (5)?

  1. AOption (a)

    Starving

  2. BOption (b)

    Depicting

  3. COption (c)

    Decoupling

  4. DOption (d)

    Barricading

  5. EOption (e)

    Changing

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

Depicting

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'Depicting.'

Key Points

  • The given text suggests that the blank must contain a word that means 'Sketching' I.e., portraying.
  • Let us see the meaning of the words given in the options:
  • starving ⇒ suffering or dying from hunger.
  • depicting ⇒ showing, representing.
  • decoupling ⇒ disengaging or disconnecting.
  • barricading ⇒ block or defend with a barricade.
  • changing ⇒ becoming different; alter.
  • From the above discussion, we can see that the correct sentence is '... depicting any downward movement in the USA economy will have its trickle-down impact on India too.'

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

RRB Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held on: 24th September 2022) (Previous Year Paper)·English Language
View full paper

Question 486

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) 2022• English Language• English Language

**Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

Some words may be highlighted. Pay attention.**

After the pandemic caused shortages of essential items, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has disrupted important food supplies, driving up prices of staples like cooking oil in supermarkets around the world.  Before the war, Ukraine was the world’s largest exporter of sunflower oil. The conflict has now paralyzed harvests and left many nations with limited stocks of edible oil and soaring prices for what’s left. The United Nations has also warned that Russia's invasion of Ukraine could soon cause a global food crisis that may last for years.

Edible oil prices had gone up in the following months after Russian President Vladimir Putin launched a “Special military operation” in Ukraine. However, after five months, in continuation to the global price reduction and the government’s effort to pass on the benefits of reduced edible oil prices to consumers has given temporary relief to the common man.

Ukraine and Russia have been the major suppliers of sunflower oil. Between November 2020 and October 2021, India imported a total of 18.93 lakh tonnes of crude sunflower oil; of this Ukraine exported 13.97 lakh tonnes and Russia exported 2.22 lakh tonnes of sunflower oil to India. With the ongoing Russia-Ukraine crisis, the demand and supply chain of sunflower oil has been impacted. As a result, edible oil companies are now looking at options to import edible oil from other countries. They have also put forward the proposal of the usage of other cooking oils such as palm oil and groundnut oil so that the retail prices do not increase.

Weather woes across the world's major producers of edible oils are adding to fears of shortages. Dryness has foreshortened the size of soybean harvests in South America, the world's biggest producer, and drought in Canada shrank production of canola, leaving little available supply.

While limited supply and soaring prices are set to worsen inflation of food items like salad dressing and mayonnaise in wealthy economies like the U.S., developing nations like India are set to feel the worst impacts. Such countries depend on imports of palm oil as a cheaper alternative to more costly soybean, sunflower and canola oil.

Who has/have proposed usage of other cooking oils like palm oil and groundnut oil to keep the retail price in check?

  1. AOption (a)

    Russia

  2. BOption (b)

    Ukraine

  3. COption (c)

    The edible oil companies

  4. DOption (d)

    South America

  5. EOption (e)

    The Government of India

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (c)C.

The edible oil companies

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'Developing countries'.

Key Points

  • Let's take a look at the reference sentence in the passage:-
  • 'With the ongoing Russia-Ukraine crisis, the demand and supply chain of sunflower oil has been impacted. As a result, edible oil companies are now looking at options to import edible oil from other countries. They have also put forward the proposal of the usage of other cooking oils such as palm oil and groundnut oil so that the retail prices do not increase.'
  • We can see that it is the edible oil companies who have proposed using cooking oils other than sunflower oil so that the retail prices do not increase.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 3.

RRB Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held on: 24th September 2022) (Previous Year Paper)·English Language
View full paper

Question 487

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) 2022• English Language• English Language

**Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

Some words may be highlighted. Pay attention.**

After the pandemic caused shortages of essential items, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has disrupted important food supplies, driving up prices of staples like cooking oil in supermarkets around the world.  Before the war, Ukraine was the world’s largest exporter of sunflower oil. The conflict has now paralyzed harvests and left many nations with limited stocks of edible oil and soaring prices for what’s left. The United Nations has also warned that Russia's invasion of Ukraine could soon cause a global food crisis that may last for years.

Edible oil prices had gone up in the following months after Russian President Vladimir Putin launched a “Special military operation” in Ukraine. However, after five months, in continuation to the global price reduction and the government’s effort to pass on the benefits of reduced edible oil prices to consumers has given temporary relief to the common man.

Ukraine and Russia have been the major suppliers of sunflower oil. Between November 2020 and October 2021, India imported a total of 18.93 lakh tonnes of crude sunflower oil; of this Ukraine exported 13.97 lakh tonnes and Russia exported 2.22 lakh tonnes of sunflower oil to India. With the ongoing Russia-Ukraine crisis, the demand and supply chain of sunflower oil has been impacted. As a result, edible oil companies are now looking at options to import edible oil from other countries. They have also put forward the proposal of the usage of other cooking oils such as palm oil and groundnut oil so that the retail prices do not increase.

Weather woes across the world's major producers of edible oils are adding to fears of shortages. Dryness has foreshortened the size of soybean harvests in South America, the world's biggest producer, and drought in Canada shrank production of canola, leaving little available supply.

While limited supply and soaring prices are set to worsen inflation of food items like salad dressing and mayonnaise in wealthy economies like the U.S., developing nations like India are set to feel the worst impacts. Such countries depend on imports of palm oil as a cheaper alternative to more costly soybean, sunflower and canola oil.

Which country/countries are likely to have worst impact of the inflation of food items, according to the article?

  1. AOption (a)

    Wealthy countries

  2. BOption (b)

    Developing countries

  3. COption (c)

    Russia

  4. DOption (d)

    Ukraine

  5. EOption (e)

    None of these

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

Developing countries

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'Developing countries.'

Key Points

  • Let's take a look at the reference sentence in the passage:-
  • 'While limited supply and soaring prices are set to worsen inflation of food items like salad dressing and mayonnaise in wealthy economies like the U.S., developing nations like India are set to feel the worst impacts.'
  • The above sentence clearly states that developing nations like India will feel the worse impact of the inflation of food items.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

RRB Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held on: 24th September 2022) (Previous Year Paper)·English Language
View full paper

Question 488

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) 2022• English Language• English Language

**Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

Some words may be highlighted. Pay attention.**

After the pandemic caused shortages of essential items, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has disrupted important food supplies, driving up prices of staples like cooking oil in supermarkets around the world.  Before the war, Ukraine was the world’s largest exporter of sunflower oil. The conflict has now paralyzed harvests and left many nations with limited stocks of edible oil and soaring prices for what’s left. The United Nations has also warned that Russia's invasion of Ukraine could soon cause a global food crisis that may last for years.

Edible oil prices had gone up in the following months after Russian President Vladimir Putin launched a “Special military operation” in Ukraine. However, after five months, in continuation to the global price reduction and the government’s effort to pass on the benefits of reduced edible oil prices to consumers has given temporary relief to the common man.

Ukraine and Russia have been the major suppliers of sunflower oil. Between November 2020 and October 2021, India imported a total of 18.93 lakh tonnes of crude sunflower oil; of this Ukraine exported 13.97 lakh tonnes and Russia exported 2.22 lakh tonnes of sunflower oil to India. With the ongoing Russia-Ukraine crisis, the demand and supply chain of sunflower oil has been impacted. As a result, edible oil companies are now looking at options to import edible oil from other countries. They have also put forward the proposal of the usage of other cooking oils such as palm oil and groundnut oil so that the retail prices do not increase.

Weather woes across the world's major producers of edible oils are adding to fears of shortages. Dryness has foreshortened the size of soybean harvests in South America, the world's biggest producer, and drought in Canada shrank production of canola, leaving little available supply.

While limited supply and soaring prices are set to worsen inflation of food items like salad dressing and mayonnaise in wealthy economies like the U.S., developing nations like India are set to feel the worst impacts. Such countries depend on imports of palm oil as a cheaper alternative to more costly soybean, sunflower and canola oil.

What made companies of edible oils look towards the other countries as a import source?

  1. AOption (a)

    Covid-19 Pandemic

  2. BOption (b)

    Disruption in the supply chain by the war

  3. COption (c)

    Disruption in the production due to adverse weather

  4. DOption (d)

    Offer of reduced price by other contries

  5. EOption (e)

    UN Warning

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

Disruption in the supply chain by the war

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'Disruption in the supply chain by the war'.

Key Points

  • Let's take a look at the reference sentence in the passage:-
  • 'With the ongoing Russia-Ukraine crisis, the demand and supply chain of sunflower oil has been impacted. As a result, edible oil companies are now looking at options to import edible oil from other countries.'
  • The above line gives the answer to the given question.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

RRB Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held on: 24th September 2022) (Previous Year Paper)·English Language
View full paper

Question 489

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) 2022• English Language• English Language

**Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

Some words may be highlighted. Pay attention.**

After the pandemic caused shortages of essential items, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has disrupted important food supplies, driving up prices of staples like cooking oil in supermarkets around the world.  Before the war, Ukraine was the world’s largest exporter of sunflower oil. The conflict has now paralyzed harvests and left many nations with limited stocks of edible oil and soaring prices for what’s left. The United Nations has also warned that Russia's invasion of Ukraine could soon cause a global food crisis that may last for years.

Edible oil prices had gone up in the following months after Russian President Vladimir Putin launched a “Special military operation” in Ukraine. However, after five months, in continuation to the global price reduction and the government’s effort to pass on the benefits of reduced edible oil prices to consumers has given temporary relief to the common man.

Ukraine and Russia have been the major suppliers of sunflower oil. Between November 2020 and October 2021, India imported a total of 18.93 lakh tonnes of crude sunflower oil; of this Ukraine exported 13.97 lakh tonnes and Russia exported 2.22 lakh tonnes of sunflower oil to India. With the ongoing Russia-Ukraine crisis, the demand and supply chain of sunflower oil has been impacted. As a result, edible oil companies are now looking at options to import edible oil from other countries. They have also put forward the proposal of the usage of other cooking oils such as palm oil and groundnut oil so that the retail prices do not increase.

Weather woes across the world's major producers of edible oils are adding to fears of shortages. Dryness has foreshortened the size of soybean harvests in South America, the world's biggest producer, and drought in Canada shrank production of canola, leaving little available supply.

While limited supply and soaring prices are set to worsen inflation of food items like salad dressing and mayonnaise in wealthy economies like the U.S., developing nations like India are set to feel the worst impacts. Such countries depend on imports of palm oil as a cheaper alternative to more costly soybean, sunflower and canola oil.

Which oil acts as alternative to other costly edible oils in the countries like the U.S. and India?

  1. AOption (a)

    Palm oil

  2. BOption (b)

    Sunflower oil

  3. COption (c)

    Canola oil

  4. DOption (d)

    Olive oil

  5. EOption (e)

    Soybean oil

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (a)A.

Palm oil

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'Palm oil'.

Key Points

  • Let's take a look at the reference sentences in the passage:-
  • 'While limited supply and soaring prices are set to worsen inflation of food items like salad dressing and mayonnaise in wealthy economies like the U.S., developing nations like India are set to feel the worst impacts. Such countries depend on imports of palm oil as a cheaper alternative to more costly soybean, sunflower and canola oil.'
  • The concluding line gives the direct answer to the question.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 1.

RRB Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held on: 24th September 2022) (Previous Year Paper)·English Language
View full paper

Question 490

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) 2022• English Language• English Language

**Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

Some words may be highlighted. Pay attention.**

After the pandemic caused shortages of essential items, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has disrupted important food supplies, driving up prices of staples like cooking oil in supermarkets around the world.  Before the war, Ukraine was the world’s largest exporter of sunflower oil. The conflict has now paralyzed harvests and left many nations with limited stocks of edible oil and soaring prices for what’s left. The United Nations has also warned that Russia's invasion of Ukraine could soon cause a global food crisis that may last for years.

Edible oil prices had gone up in the following months after Russian President Vladimir Putin launched a “Special military operation” in Ukraine. However, after five months, in continuation to the global price reduction and the government’s effort to pass on the benefits of reduced edible oil prices to consumers has given temporary relief to the common man.

Ukraine and Russia have been the major suppliers of sunflower oil. Between November 2020 and October 2021, India imported a total of 18.93 lakh tonnes of crude sunflower oil; of this Ukraine exported 13.97 lakh tonnes and Russia exported 2.22 lakh tonnes of sunflower oil to India. With the ongoing Russia-Ukraine crisis, the demand and supply chain of sunflower oil has been impacted. As a result, edible oil companies are now looking at options to import edible oil from other countries. They have also put forward the proposal of the usage of other cooking oils such as palm oil and groundnut oil so that the retail prices do not increase.

Weather woes across the world's major producers of edible oils are adding to fears of shortages. Dryness has foreshortened the size of soybean harvests in South America, the world's biggest producer, and drought in Canada shrank production of canola, leaving little available supply.

While limited supply and soaring prices are set to worsen inflation of food items like salad dressing and mayonnaise in wealthy economies like the U.S., developing nations like India are set to feel the worst impacts. Such countries depend on imports of palm oil as a cheaper alternative to more costly soybean, sunflower and canola oil.

Which country has supplied highest amount of sunflower oil to India between November 2020 and October 2021?

  1. AOption (a)

    Both Ukraine and Russia

  2. BOption (b)

    Canada

  3. COption (c)

    U.S.

  4. DOption (d)

    Russia

  5. EOption (e)

    Ukraine

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (e)E.

Ukraine

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'Ukraine'.

Key Points

  • Let us have a look at the following lines given in the passage:-
  • 'Ukraine and Russia have been the major suppliers of sunflower oil. Between November 2020 and October 2021, India imported a total of 18.93 lakh tonnes of crude sunflower oil; of this Ukraine exported 13.97 lakh tonnes and Russia exported 2.22 lakh tonnes of sunflower oil to India.'
  • We can see that India imported a large amount of sunflower oil (18.93 lakh tonnes) in the said time, and the data clearly shows Ukraine has supplied most of it (13.97 lakh tonnes).

Hence, the correct answer is Option 5.

RRB Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held on: 24th September 2022) (Previous Year Paper)·English Language
View full paper

Question 491

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) 2022• English Language• English Language

**Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

Some words may be highlighted. Pay attention.**

After the pandemic caused shortages of essential items, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has disrupted important food supplies, driving up prices of staples like cooking oil in supermarkets around the world.  Before the war, Ukraine was the world’s largest exporter of sunflower oil. The conflict has now paralyzed harvests and left many nations with limited stocks of edible oil and soaring prices for what’s left. The United Nations has also warned that Russia's invasion of Ukraine could soon cause a global food crisis that may last for years.

Edible oil prices had gone up in the following months after Russian President Vladimir Putin launched a “Special military operation” in Ukraine. However, after five months, in continuation to the global price reduction and the government’s effort to pass on the benefits of reduced edible oil prices to consumers has given temporary relief to the common man.

Ukraine and Russia have been the major suppliers of sunflower oil. Between November 2020 and October 2021, India imported a total of 18.93 lakh tonnes of crude sunflower oil; of this Ukraine exported 13.97 lakh tonnes and Russia exported 2.22 lakh tonnes of sunflower oil to India. With the ongoing Russia-Ukraine crisis, the demand and supply chain of sunflower oil has been impacted. As a result, edible oil companies are now looking at options to import edible oil from other countries. They have also put forward the proposal of the usage of other cooking oils such as palm oil and groundnut oil so that the retail prices do not increase.

Weather woes across the world's major producers of edible oils are adding to fears of shortages. Dryness has foreshortened the size of soybean harvests in South America, the world's biggest producer, and drought in Canada shrank production of canola, leaving little available supply.

While limited supply and soaring prices are set to worsen inflation of food items like salad dressing and mayonnaise in wealthy economies like the U.S., developing nations like India are set to feel the worst impacts. Such countries depend on imports of palm oil as a cheaper alternative to more costly soybean, sunflower and canola oil.

What might cause a long term global food crisis according to the UN?

  1. AOption (a)

    Covid-19 Pandemic

  2. BOption (b)

    Drastic weather changes

  3. COption (c)

    The proposal by the edible oil companies

  4. DOption (d)

    Russia's invasion of Ukraine

  5. EOption (e)

    None of the above

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (d)D.

Russia's invasion of Ukraine

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is ' Russia's invasion of Ukraine'.

Key Points

  • Let's take a look at the reference sentence in the passage:-
  • 'The United Nations has also warned that Russia's invasion of Ukraine could soon cause a global food crisis that may last for years.'
  • The above line gives the direct answer to the question.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 4.

RRB Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held on: 24th September 2022) (Previous Year Paper)·English Language
View full paper

Question 492

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) 2022• English Language• English Language

**Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

Some words may be highlighted. Pay attention.**

After the pandemic caused shortages of essential items, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has disrupted important food supplies, driving up prices of staples like cooking oil in supermarkets around the world.  Before the war, Ukraine was the world’s largest exporter of sunflower oil. The conflict has now paralyzed harvests and left many nations with limited stocks of edible oil and soaring prices for what’s left. The United Nations has also warned that Russia's invasion of Ukraine could soon cause a global food crisis that may last for years.

Edible oil prices had gone up in the following months after Russian President Vladimir Putin launched a “Special military operation” in Ukraine. However, after five months, in continuation to the global price reduction and the government’s effort to pass on the benefits of reduced edible oil prices to consumers has given temporary relief to the common man.

Ukraine and Russia have been the major suppliers of sunflower oil. Between November 2020 and October 2021, India imported a total of 18.93 lakh tonnes of crude sunflower oil; of this Ukraine exported 13.97 lakh tonnes and Russia exported 2.22 lakh tonnes of sunflower oil to India. With the ongoing Russia-Ukraine crisis, the demand and supply chain of sunflower oil has been impacted. As a result, edible oil companies are now looking at options to import edible oil from other countries. They have also put forward the proposal of the usage of other cooking oils such as palm oil and groundnut oil so that the retail prices do not increase.

Weather woes across the world's major producers of edible oils are adding to fears of shortages. Dryness has foreshortened the size of soybean harvests in South America, the world's biggest producer, and drought in Canada shrank production of canola, leaving little available supply.

While limited supply and soaring prices are set to worsen inflation of food items like salad dressing and mayonnaise in wealthy economies like the U.S., developing nations like India are set to feel the worst impacts. Such countries depend on imports of palm oil as a cheaper alternative to more costly soybean, sunflower and canola oil.

Find the synonym of the following word: Crisis.

  1. AOption (a)

    windfall

  2. BOption (b)

    boon

  3. COption (c)

    godsend

  4. DOption (d)

    pulchritude

  5. EOption (e)

    plight

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (e)E.

plight

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'plight'.

Key Points

  • Let us see the meaning of the words given in the options:
  • windfall ⇒ a large amount of money that is won or received unexpectedly.
  • boon ⇒ a thing that is helpful or beneficial.
  • godsend ⇒ a very helpful or valuable event, person, or article.
  • pulchritude ⇒ beauty.
  • plight ⇒ a dangerous, difficult, or otherwise unfortunate situation.
  • From above, we can see that the word 'plight' is closest to the meaning of 'crisis'.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 5.

RRB Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held on: 24th September 2022) (Previous Year Paper)·English Language
View full paper

Question 493

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) 2022• English Language• English Language

**Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

Some words may be highlighted. Pay attention.**

After the pandemic caused shortages of essential items, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has disrupted important food supplies, driving up prices of staples like cooking oil in supermarkets around the world.  Before the war, Ukraine was the world’s largest exporter of sunflower oil. The conflict has now paralyzed harvests and left many nations with limited stocks of edible oil and soaring prices for what’s left. The United Nations has also warned that Russia's invasion of Ukraine could soon cause a global food crisis that may last for years.

Edible oil prices had gone up in the following months after Russian President Vladimir Putin launched a “Special military operation” in Ukraine. However, after five months, in continuation to the global price reduction and the government’s effort to pass on the benefits of reduced edible oil prices to consumers has given temporary relief to the common man.

Ukraine and Russia have been the major suppliers of sunflower oil. Between November 2020 and October 2021, India imported a total of 18.93 lakh tonnes of crude sunflower oil; of this Ukraine exported 13.97 lakh tonnes and Russia exported 2.22 lakh tonnes of sunflower oil to India. With the ongoing Russia-Ukraine crisis, the demand and supply chain of sunflower oil has been impacted. As a result, edible oil companies are now looking at options to import edible oil from other countries. They have also put forward the proposal of the usage of other cooking oils such as palm oil and groundnut oil so that the retail prices do not increase.

Weather woes across the world's major producers of edible oils are adding to fears of shortages. Dryness has foreshortened the size of soybean harvests in South America, the world's biggest producer, and drought in Canada shrank production of canola, leaving little available supply.

While limited supply and soaring prices are set to worsen inflation of food items like salad dressing and mayonnaise in wealthy economies like the U.S., developing nations like India are set to feel the worst impacts. Such countries depend on imports of palm oil as a cheaper alternative to more costly soybean, sunflower and canola oil.

Which of the given words is an antonym of ongoing?

  1. AOption (a)

    occurring

  2. BOption (b)

    extant

  3. COption (c)

    finished

  4. DOption (d)

    current

  5. EOption (e)

    happening

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (c)C.

finished

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'finished'.

Key Points

  • The word 'ongoing' is a participial adjective and it means something that is continuing; still in progress.
  • Usage example, 'No agreement has yet been reached and the negotiations are still ongoing.'
  • Let us take a look at the meaning of the marked word:
  • finished ⇒ brought to an end; completed.
  • Clearly, these two words are opposite in meaning.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 3.

Additional Information

  • Let us see the meanings of the other words in the options:
  • occurring (adj) ⇒ happening, taking place.
  • extant (adj) ⇒ still in existence; surviving.
  • current (adj) ⇒ happening or being used now.
  • happening (adj ⇒ fashionable, trendy.
RRB Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held on: 24th September 2022) (Previous Year Paper)·English Language
View full paper

Question 494

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) 2022• English Language• English Language

**Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

Some words may be highlighted. Pay attention.**

After the pandemic caused shortages of essential items, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has disrupted important food supplies, driving up prices of staples like cooking oil in supermarkets around the world.  Before the war, Ukraine was the world’s largest exporter of sunflower oil. The conflict has now paralyzed harvests and left many nations with limited stocks of edible oil and soaring prices for what’s left. The United Nations has also warned that Russia's invasion of Ukraine could soon cause a global food crisis that may last for years.

Edible oil prices had gone up in the following months after Russian President Vladimir Putin launched a “Special military operation” in Ukraine. However, after five months, in continuation to the global price reduction and the government’s effort to pass on the benefits of reduced edible oil prices to consumers has given temporary relief to the common man.

Ukraine and Russia have been the major suppliers of sunflower oil. Between November 2020 and October 2021, India imported a total of 18.93 lakh tonnes of crude sunflower oil; of this Ukraine exported 13.97 lakh tonnes and Russia exported 2.22 lakh tonnes of sunflower oil to India. With the ongoing Russia-Ukraine crisis, the demand and supply chain of sunflower oil has been impacted. As a result, edible oil companies are now looking at options to import edible oil from other countries. They have also put forward the proposal of the usage of other cooking oils such as palm oil and groundnut oil so that the retail prices do not increase.

Weather woes across the world's major producers of edible oils are adding to fears of shortages. Dryness has foreshortened the size of soybean harvests in South America, the world's biggest producer, and drought in Canada shrank production of canola, leaving little available supply.

While limited supply and soaring prices are set to worsen inflation of food items like salad dressing and mayonnaise in wealthy economies like the U.S., developing nations like India are set to feel the worst impacts. Such countries depend on imports of palm oil as a cheaper alternative to more costly soybean, sunflower and canola oil.

What is the meaning of the phrasal verb put forward?

  1. AOption (a)

    submit

  2. BOption (b)

    propose

  3. COption (c)

    stay for some time

  4. DOption (d)

    stretch out

  5. EOption (e)

    postpone

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

propose

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'propose'.

Key Points

  • The phrasal verb 'put forward' means recommend as a suitable option.
  • Usage example, 'These tentative suggestions have been put forward to generate discussion in the next meeting.'
  • Clearly, propose is the correct meaning of put forward.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

RRB Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held on: 24th September 2022) (Previous Year Paper)·English Language
View full paper

Question 495

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) 2022• English Language• English Language

**Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

Some words may be highlighted. Pay attention.**

After the pandemic caused shortages of essential items, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has disrupted important food supplies, driving up prices of staples like cooking oil in supermarkets around the world.  Before the war, Ukraine was the world’s largest exporter of sunflower oil. The conflict has now paralyzed harvests and left many nations with limited stocks of edible oil and soaring prices for what’s left. The United Nations has also warned that Russia's invasion of Ukraine could soon cause a global food crisis that may last for years.

Edible oil prices had gone up in the following months after Russian President Vladimir Putin launched a “Special military operation” in Ukraine. However, after five months, in continuation to the global price reduction and the government’s effort to pass on the benefits of reduced edible oil prices to consumers has given temporary relief to the common man.

Ukraine and Russia have been the major suppliers of sunflower oil. Between November 2020 and October 2021, India imported a total of 18.93 lakh tonnes of crude sunflower oil; of this Ukraine exported 13.97 lakh tonnes and Russia exported 2.22 lakh tonnes of sunflower oil to India. With the ongoing Russia-Ukraine crisis, the demand and supply chain of sunflower oil has been impacted. As a result, edible oil companies are now looking at options to import edible oil from other countries. They have also put forward the proposal of the usage of other cooking oils such as palm oil and groundnut oil so that the retail prices do not increase.

Weather woes across the world's major producers of edible oils are adding to fears of shortages. Dryness has foreshortened the size of soybean harvests in South America, the world's biggest producer, and drought in Canada shrank production of canola, leaving little available supply.

While limited supply and soaring prices are set to worsen inflation of food items like salad dressing and mayonnaise in wealthy economies like the U.S., developing nations like India are set to feel the worst impacts. Such countries depend on imports of palm oil as a cheaper alternative to more costly soybean, sunflower and canola oil.

Which of the given words is not a synonym of essential?

  1. AOption (a)

    vestal

  2. BOption (b)

    necessary

  3. COption (c)

    crucial

  4. DOption (d)

    indispensable

  5. EOption (e)

    vital

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (a)A.

vestal

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer to this question is 'vestal'.

Key Points

  • The word 'essential' is an adjective and it means something absolutely necessary; extremely important.
  • Usage example, 'Mother's milk is essential for a baby at least for first six months.'
  • Let us take a look at the meaning of the marked word:
  • vestal ⇒ relating to the Roman goddess Vesta.
  • Other words like necessary, crucial, indispensable and vital have similar meanings as essential.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 1.

RRB Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held on: 24th September 2022) (Previous Year Paper)·English Language
View full paper

Question 496

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) 2022• English Language• English Language

Directions

Pick out the most effective form of the word from the given options to fill in the blanks to make the sentence meaningfully complete.

According to brokers, a _______ trend in Asia accelerates buying activity in the _______ market.

  1. AOption (a)

    firmly, domestic

  2. BOption (b)

    firm, domestic

  3. COption (c)

    firm, domestics

  4. DOption (d)

    firms, domestically

  5. EOption (e)

    firmed, domesticate

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

firm, domestic

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. firm, domestic.

 

  • From the context of the sentence, the adjectives should be used in the given blanks.
  • Let us explore the options:
  • The first option is incorrect as 'firmly' is used as an adverb in the sentence. 'Domestic' is still okay for the second blank but 'firmly' is not fit for the first blank.
  • The second option is correct as 'firm' is used as an adjective to describe the noun 'trend'. 'Domestic' is also used as an adjective to describe the noun 'market'.
  • The third option is incorrect as 'domestics' is used as a noun. 'Firm' is still okay for the first blank but 'domestics' is not fit for the second blank.
  • The fourth option is incorrect as 'firms' is used as a noun and 'domestically' is used as an adverb.
  • The fifth option is incorrect as 'firmed' is used as the past form of the verb and 'domesticate' is also used as the verb.
  • Hence, the correct option is "firm, domestic".

​Complete Sentence: According to brokers, a firm trend in Asia accelerates buying activity in the domestic market.

  • Important Tips and Tricks to solve double fillers: 
  • Do not read options: Read the sentence and think of a word that 'fits' the sentence. Now go to the options and choose the word that best replaces the word that you had thought of initially.
  • Elimination method: In certain questions, our knowledge and understanding of vocabulary and common idioms-phrases may be tested. Hence, be sure to have a good skill set of such phrases.
  • Use grammar clues: Keep a close watch at the tense of the sentence, subject-verb agreement, whether the blank in the sentence is after the article 'an' etc.
  • Use Connotation: Each word expresses two things: a definition and a connotation. A connotation is a positive, negative, or neutral feeling that is implied by or associated with a word.
  • Identify the Indicators: Indicators tell us what is coming up. They indicate if the question is moving to draw a contrast with something stated previously, or support something stated previously.
RRB Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held on: 24th September 2022) (Previous Year Paper)·English Language
View full paper

Question 497

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) 2022• English Language• English Language

Directions

The following question has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words for each blank that best fits in the context of the sentence.

The pandemic _______ a range of new _______ needs, particularly around liquidity, for many retail and business customers.

  1. AOption (a)

    triggers, financially

  2. BOption (b)

    triggering, financial

  3. COption (c)

    trigger, financing

  4. DOption (d)

    triggered, finances

  5. EOption (e)

    triggered, financial

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (e)E.

triggered, financial

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is option 5) i.e. triggered, financial.

 

  • From the context of the sentence, a past participle form of the verb and an adjective should be used respectively in the given blanks.
  • Let us explore the options:
  • The first option is incorrect as 'triggers' is used as a third-person present form of the verb. 'Financially' is used as an adverb.
  • The second option is incorrect as 'triggering' is used as a present participle form of the verb. 'Financial' is still okay for the second blank but 'triggering' is not fit for the first blank.
  • The third option is incorrect as 'trigger' is used as the base form of the verb. 'Financing' is used as a noun.
  • The fourth option is incorrect as 'finances' is used as a noun. 'Triggered' is still okay for the first blank but 'finances' is not fit for the second blank.
  • The fifth option is correct as 'triggered' is used as the past participle form of the verb and 'financial' is used as an adjective describing the noun 'needs'.
  • Hence, the correct option is "triggered, financial".

​​Complete Sentence: The pandemic triggered a range of new financial needs, particularly around liquidity, for many retail and business customers.

  • Important Tips and Tricks to solve double fillers: 
  • Do not read options: Read the sentence and think of a word that 'fits' the sentence. Now go to the options and choose the word that best replaces the word that you had thought of initially.
  • Elimination method: In certain questions, our knowledge and understanding of vocabulary and common idioms-phrases may be tested. Hence, be sure to have a good skill set of such phrases.
  • Use grammar clues: Keep a close watch at the tense of the sentence, forms of the verb, subject-verb agreement, whether the blank in the sentence is after the article 'an' etc.
  • Use Connotation: Each word expresses two things: a definition and a connotation. A connotation is a positive, negative, or neutral feeling that is implied by or associated with a word.
  • Identify the Indicators: Indicators tell us what is coming up. They indicate if the question is moving to draw a contrast with something stated previously, or support something stated previously.
RRB Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held on: 24th September 2022) (Previous Year Paper)·English Language
View full paper

Question 498

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) 2022• English Language• English Language

Directions

Pick out the most effective form of the word from the given options to fill in the blanks to make the sentence meaningfully complete.

Emerging-market banks will _______ see a _______ increase in credit losses in 2020.

  1. AOption (a)

    likes, sharps

  2. BOption (b)

    likely, sharp

  3. COption (c)

    liking, sharping

  4. DOption (d)

    likely, sharpen

  5. EOption (e)

    like, sharp

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

likely, sharp

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. likely, sharp.

 

  • From the context of the sentence, an adverb and an adjective should be used respectively in the given blanks.
  • Let us explore the options:
  • The first option is incorrect as 'likes' is acting as a third-person singular verb and 'sharps' is acting as a noun.
  • The second option is correct as 'likely' is acting as an adverb and modifying the verb 'see'. 'Sharp' is acting as an adjective describing the noun 'increase'.
  • The third option is incorrect as 'liking' is the present participle form of the verb and 'sharping' is acting as a noun.
  • The fourth option is incorrect as 'sharpen' is acting as a verb. 'Likely' is still okay for the first blank but 'sharpen' is not fit for the second blank.
  • The fifth option is incorrect as 'like' is acting as a verb. 'Sharp' is still okay for the second blank but 'like' is not fit for the first blank.
  • Hence, the correct option is "likely, sharp".

​Complete Sentence: Emerging-market banks will likely see a sharp increase in credit losses in 2020.

  • Important Tips and Tricks to solve double fillers: 
  • Do not read options: Read the sentence and think of a word that 'fits' the sentence. Now go to the options and choose the word that best replaces the word that you had thought of initially.
  • Elimination method: In certain questions, our knowledge and understanding of vocabulary and common idioms-phrases may be tested. Hence, be sure to have a good skill set of such phrases.
  • Use grammar clues: Keep a close watch at the tense of the sentence, subject-verb agreement, whether the blank in the sentence is after the article 'an' etc.
  • Use Connotation: Each word expresses two things: a definition and a connotation. A connotation is a positive, negative, or neutral feeling that is implied by or associated with a word.
  • Identify the Indicators: Indicators tell us what is coming up. They indicate if the question is moving to draw a contrast with something stated previously, or support something stated previously.
RRB Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held on: 24th September 2022) (Previous Year Paper)·English Language
View full paper

Question 499

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) 2022• English Language• English Language

Pick out the most effective form of the word from the given options to fill in the blanks to make the sentence meaningfully complete.

The agitators, however, were unhappy with the verbal __________ as they were expecting a written _______________ from an officer.

  1. AOption (a)

    Assure, apology

  2. BOption (b)

    Assuring, apologizing

  3. COption (c)

    Assurance, apology

  4. DOption (d)

    Assured, apologetic

  5. EOption (e)

    Assurances, apology

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (c)C.

Assurance, apology

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is 'Assurance, Apology'

Key Points

Here, a basic knowledge of parts of speech can help you to find the correct answer at once.

The words verbal and written are adjectives which tell you that they are indicating some noun in the blank. Other words like assure (verb), Assuring(gerund/participle), assured(past participle) don’t fit in the blank.

So the correct word that would fit in the blank is assurance.

Similarly the second blank also requires a noun, hence apology is the correct answer.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

RRB Clerk Mains Memory Based Paper (Held on: 24th September 2022) (Previous Year Paper)·English Language
View full paper

Question 500

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk) 2022• English Language• English Language

Directions

Pick out the most effective form of the word from the given options to fill in the blanks to make the sentence meaningfully complete.

Interest to serve the merchants has been _______ since digitization _______ at the merchant's end.

  1. AOption (a)

    grown, started

  2. BOption (b)

    growing, started

  3. COption (c)

    grow, started

  4. DOption (d)

    growing, starting

  5. EOption (e)

    grows, started

View answer & explanation

Correct answer

Answer: (b)B.

growing, started

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is option 2) i.e. growing, started​​.

 

  • From the context of the sentence, the verbs should be used in the given blanks.
  • Let us explore the options:
  • The first option is incorrect as 'grown' is the past participle form of the verb. 'Started' is still okay for the second blank but 'grown' is not fit for the first blank.
  • The second option is correct as 'growing' is the present participle of the verb, the present perfect continuous is formed using has/have + been + present participle and 'started' is the past tense of the verb.
  • The third option is incorrect as 'grow' is the base or simple form of the verb. 'Started' is still okay for the second blank but 'grow' is not fit for the first blank.
  • The fourth option is incorrect as 'starting' is the present participle of the verb. 'Growing' is still okay for the first blank but 'starting' is not fit for the second blank.
  • The fifth option is incorrect as 'grows' is the third person present form of the verb.
  • Hence, the correct option is "growing, started​​".

​Complete Sentence: Interest to serve the merchants has been growing since digitization started at the merchant's end.

  • Important Tips and Tricks to solve double fillers: 
  • Do not read options: Read the sentence and think of a word that 'fits' the sentence. Now go to the options and choose the word that best replaces the word that you had thought of initially.
  • Elimination method: In certain questions, our knowledge and understanding of vocabulary and common idioms-phrases may be tested. Hence, be sure to have a good skill set of such phrases.
  • Use grammar clues: Keep a close watch at the tense of the sentence, subject-verb agreement, whether the blank in the sentence is after the article 'an' etc.
  • Use Connotation: Each word expresses two things: a definition and a connotation. A connotation is a positive, negative, or neutral feeling that is implied by or associated with a word.
  • Identify the Indicators: Indicators tell us what is coming up. They indicate if the question is moving to draw a contrast with something stated previously, or support something stated previously.

How should I prepare for English Comprehension in IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Clerk)?

Solving previous year questions by topic helps identify recurring concepts, question patterns, and frequently asked sub-topics. Attempt each question, review the step-by-step explanation, and note down key formulas or facts for quick revision before the exam.