Computer Knowledge PYQs

The correct answer is Nibble.

• A half byte is called a Nibble.

Key Points

• One byte is equal to 8 bits.
• One kilobit is equal to 1000 bits.
• One kilobyte is equal to 8000 bits.
• One kibibit is equal to 1024 bits.
• One kibibyte is equal to 8192 bits.
• One Megabit is equal to 1000000 bits.
• One Megabyte is equal to 8000000 bits.

The Correct Answer is Digitizer.

Key Points

• A digitizer is a hardware device that receives analog information, such as sound or light and converts it into digital form.
• Usually, the information is stored in a file on a computing device.
• This process is called digitization.
• A digital camera is one example of a digitizer.

Additional Information

• Optical Mark Reading (OMR) is a method of entering data into a computer system.
• The OMR technology could be used if data is to be collected from a large number of sources simultaneously, a large volume of data must be collected and processed in a short period of time.
• A barcode reader is an optical scanner that can read printed barcodes, decode the data contained in the barcode, and send the data to a computer.

The correct answer is ​Input.

​ Key Points

• A device that receives data for processing is called an input device.
• In the context of computers, tracker balls is an input device.
• A trackball is a pointing device.
• The trackball was invented by Ralph Benjamin.
• An input device converts input information into suitable binary code from acceptable to a computer.
• Major input devices:
• Keyboard.
• Lightpen.
• Mouse.
• Joystick.
• Scanner.
• Microphone.
• Optical mark reader.
• Bar code reader.
• Graphics tablet.
• Touch screen.

Additional Information

• Major output devices:
• Monitor.
• Printer.
• Speaker.
• Projector.
• Sound card.
• Headphone.
• Plotter.
• Video card.

The correct answer is Protocols

Key Points

• A protocol is a standard set of rules that allow electronic devices to communicate with each other. These rules include what type of data may be transmitted, what commands are used to send and receive data, and how data transfers are confirmed.

• You can think of a protocol as a spoken language. Each language has its own rules and vocabulary. If two people share the same language, they can communicate effectively. Similarly, if two hardware devices support the same protocol, they can communicate with each other, regardless of the manufacturer or type of device. For example, an Apple iPhone can send an email to an Android device using a standard mail protocol. A Windows-based PC can load a webpage from a Unix-based web server using a standard web protocol.

• Protocols exist for several different applications. Examples include wired networking (e.g., Ethernet), wireless networking (e.g., 802.11ac), and Internet communication (e.g., IP). The Internet protocol suite, which is used for transmitting data over the Internet, contains dozens of protocols. These protocols may be broken up into four categories:

• Link-layer - PPP, DSL, Wi-Fi, etc.

• Internet layer - IPv4, IPv6, etc.

• Transport layer - TCP, UDP, etc.

• Application layer - HTTP, IMAP, FTP, etc.

• Link-layer protocols establish communication between devices at a hardware level. In order to transmit data from one device to another, each device's hardware must support the same link-layer protocol. Internet layer protocols are used to initiate data transfers and route them over the Internet. Transport layer protocols define how packets are sent, received, and confirmed. Application layer protocols contain commands for specific applications. For example, a web browser uses HTTPS to securely download the contents of a webpage from a web server. An email client uses SMTP to send email messages through a mail server.

• Protocols are a fundamental aspect of digital communication. In most cases, protocols operate in the background, so it is not necessary for typical users to know how each protocol works.

VGA Port:

• It connects monitor to a computer's video card.
• It has 15 holes.
• It is similar to the serial port connector. However, serial port connector has pins, VGA port has holes.

An excel workbook contains all the information put in by the user in the sheets. This could be the text information in the worksheet or the information in the bar graphs, pie charts etc. the workbook comprises of the worksheet as well as the chart sheets.

The correct answer is Instant messaging and the Google toolbar

Explanation:

• Freeware software is available without any cost. Any user can download it from the internet and use it without paying any fee. However, freeware does not permit any kind of modification on the software or charging a fee for its distribution. Examples are:

• Adobe Reader

• Audacity

• ImgBurn

• Recuva

• Skype

• Team Viewer

• Yahoo Messenger

• As small software utilities, freeware is free to use throughout its lifetime because it does not expire after a certain period. Freeware may be used for a desktop, mobile, or Web-based utility.

• Generally, freeware is a concise and limited version of a larger and paid software program. Vendors publish freeware to provide a limited but free version of software to prospective buyers prior to purchase. Additionally, large independent software vendors (ISV) publish freeware to enhance brand buzz and market reputation.

• Below are a few reasons a program might be offered as freeware:

• To offer a program developed by a non-profit or educational institution to the public

• To promote a brand or drive traffic to a company's website

• To generate revenue through advertisements or in-app purchases within the program

• To generate revenue by offering other programs during the installation process

• To provide a "lite" version of a program that may lead users to upgrade to the full-featured version

Insert option provides the user to add or put into your document such as a picture or table in the Microsoft office.

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or W3). Founded and currently led by Tim Berners-Lee, on October 1, 1994 the  consortium is made up of member organizations which maintain full-time staff for the purpose of working together in the development of standards for the World Wide Web. As of 2 June 2016, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has 423 members. The W3C also engages in education and outreach, develops software and serves as an open forum for discussion about the Web.

The correct answer is shareware

• Shareware is a software that is freely distributed to users on a trial basis. It usually comes with a time limit and when the time limit expires, the user is asked to pay for the continued services. There are various types of shareware like Adware, Donationware, Nagware, Freemium, and Demoware (Crippleware And Trialware). Some examples of shareware are:
• Adobe Acrobat
• Getright
• PHP Debugger
• Winzip
• Freeware software is available without any cost. Any user can download it from the internet and use it without paying any fee. However, freeware does not permit any kind of modification on the software or charging a fee for its distribution. Examples are:
• Adobe Reader
• Audacity
• ImgBurn
• Recuva
• Skype
• Team Viewer
• Yahoo Messenger

The parallel port is found on the back of IBM compatible computers and is a 25-pin (type DB-25) computer interface commonly used to connect printers to the computer.

Concept:

1’s complement representation of a binary number is obtained by toggling all the bits, i.e. replacing 1 with 0, and 0 with 1.

2’s complement representation of a binary number is obtained by adding 1 to the 1’s complement representation.

Application:

Given the binary number is 1101101

Taking the 1's complement of the above, we replace all the 1's with 0's and all the 0's with 1's to get:

1's complement of 1101101 = 0010010

Adding 1 to the 1's complement, we get the 2's complement as:

0010010 + 1 = 0010011

The domain names are the last three letters suffixed after the dot symbol and represent the kind of website being accessed. The domain ".edu" is for educational institution.

The correct answer is UNIX.

• UNIX has the exclusive feature SHELL.

Key Points

• A Unix Shell is a command-line interpreter or shell that provides a command-line user interface for Unix-like operating systems.
• The shell is both an interactive command language and a scripting language and is used by the operating system to control the execution of the system using shell scripts.
• Users typically interact with a Unix shell using a terminal emulator;
• However, direct operation via serial hardware connections or Secure Shell is common for server systems.
• All Unix shells provide filename wildcarding, piping, here documents, command substitution, variables, and control structures for condition-testing and iteration.

Additional Information

• A disk operating system (DOS) is a computer operating system that can use a disk storage device, such as a floppy disk, hard disk drive, or optical disc.
• A disk operating system must provide a file system for organizing, reading, and writing files on the storage disk.
• Application software:
• This software is used by the user to perform a specific task
• It is also known as the end-user program
• Application software programs are developed to assist you with a particular process that may be related to creativity, productivity, or better communication.
• It is non-essential software.
• Application software runs as and when the user requests it.
• Some of the examples of application software are, google chrome, internet explorer, VLC media, etc.
• System software
• It is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer’s hardware and application programs.
• If we think of the computer system as a layered model, the system software is the interface between the hardware and user applications.
• The operating system (OS) is the best-known example of system software. The OS manages all the other programs on a computer.

Concept:

• A computer keyboard is one of the primary input devices used with a computer. Similar to an electric typewriter, a keyboard is composed of buttons that create letters, numbers, and symbols, and other functions.
• It is a type of Input device.

Various types of keys on Keyboard

• Alpha Numeric Keys
• It includes keys from A to Z and numeric keys including space bar.
• It also contains characters like @,#,$,<,? etc.
• Numeric keys
• It includes numeric from 1 to 0.
• It also contains page up, down, enter, division and multiplication.
• Function Keys
• It includes keys like F1,F2,F3 etc.
• All function keys have different functions.

Explanation:

So, the correct option is Function Key because it is not the part of numeric key as explained above.

Page up, page down, enter are present in numeric keys$.

The correct answer is Optical Storage.

Optical Storage:

• Such devices used lasers and lights to detect and store data. They are cheaper in comparison to USB drives and can store more data.
• CD-ROM – This stands for Compact Disc – Read-Only Memory and is an external device that can store and read data in the form of audio or software data
• Blu-Ray Disc – Introduced in 2006, Blu-ray disk was backup up by major IT and computer companies. It can store up to 25 GB of data in a single-layer disc and 50 GB of data in a dual-layer disc
• DVD – Digital Versatile Disc is another type of optical storage device. It can be readable, recordable, and rewritable. Recordings can be done in such devices and then can be attached to the system
• CD-R – It is a readable Compact Disc that uses photosensitive organic dye to record data and store it. They are a low-cost replacement for storing software and applications.

Additional Information

• Magnetic Storage Devices:
• Floppy Disk
• Hard Drive
• Zip Disk
• Optical Storage Devices:
• Such devices used lasers and lights to detect and store data. They are cheaper in comparison to USB drives and can store more data.
• CD-ROM
• Blu-Ray Disc
• DVD
• CD-R

Through 1970s, computers gained dramatically in speed, reliability and storage capacity but entry into the fourth generation was evolutionary rather than revolutionary. So, the fourth generation computers were built. The fourth generation computers emerged with development of the VLSI

The correct answer is MHz.

Key Points

• Speed of Processor
• ​Processor speed is relative to the clock speed which is measured in units of cycles per second.
• CPUs run at rates of millions and billions of Hertz, megahertz(MHz) and gigahertz(GHz).
• A clock speed of 3.5 GHz to 4.0GHz is generally considered a good processor speed.

Additional Information

• Processor(CPU)
• A CPU is also called a central processor, main processor, or just processor, is the electronic circuitry that executing instructions comprising a computer program.
• The CPU performs basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output operations specified by the instructions in the program.
• The fundamental operation of most CPU's regardless of the physical form they take is to execute a sequence of stored instructions called a program.
• Instructions cycle in Processor(CPU)
• All CPU's follows the following steps in order to complete their operations:

1. Fetch: The first step, involves retrieving instructions from the program memory.
2. Decode: The instruction that the CPU fetches from the memory determines what the CPU will do, which is decoded by the instructor decoder.
3. Execute: In this step, all the desired functions are performed as per the instructions decoded.

The correct answer is Option 4.

• The shortcut key combination Alt+ Print Screen takes the screenshot of the current screen view. Alternatively, Ctrl+ print Screen can also be used for the purpose of taking a screenshot.
• Windows+ E opens Explorer with drive selection option.
• Windows +Tab and Alt +tab are used to switch between open applications.
• Windows+ T is used to switch between applications on the taskbar.

Computer uses Binary Code system to represent numbers, letters, commands, images and sounds.