DSSSB PGT Political Science (Male) Official Paper (Held On: 04 Jul, 2021 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

For this question,

Logic: If two dice have same face value in given image than their clockwise or anticlockwise wise number are know as opposite numbers in dice.

For this situation, Face value 1 is common in both dice, so-

In clockwise direction: 1 → 5 → 2 and 1 → 4 → 6

Here, (5,4) and (2,6) are the opposite pairs of cube.

2 is opposite to 6.

Hence, Option (2) is correct.

The pattern followed is:

Option(1): VXAE

Option (2): BDGK

Option (3): NPSW

Option (4): FLIP

Here, Option (4) does not have same relation as other options have.

Hence, Option (4) is correct.

The pattern followed is:

Now, We will apply the same relation on OQJL as shown-

Hence, Option (2) is correct.

For this question, the Venn diagram of the statements is shown below-

1. All tips are pubs → False → It is possible but not definite.
2. Some cups are tips → False → There is no clear relation given between cups and tips. Thus it is possible but not definite.
3. Some tips are pubs → True → According to the Venn diagram.
4. Some tips are cups → False → There is no clear relation given between cups and tips. Thus it is possible but not definite.

• Thus, only the conclusion given in option 3 follows from the given statements.

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

For this question, The relation of Examination : Pass will be as-

After Examination either you Fail or Pass.

Similarly, After a Fight either you Win or Loss.

Hence, Option (2) is correct.

Additional Information Faults occur during running a machine.

The logic followed is:

Newspaper and Magazines both are Reading material but Newspaper contains News going around the world whereas Magazines contains information about celebrities.

Newspaper and Magazines both are different Reading Materials.

The most suitable Venn diagram of "Reading Material, Newspaper, Magazines" is shown below-

Hence, Option (4) is correct.

The pattern followed is:

Hence, Option (2) is correct.

For this question, We have unfold the given situation to get the actual image as shown-

Here, final image is similar to Option (1).

Hence, Option (1) is correct.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as below:

Conclusions:

(1) Some tables are beds → True → As per Venn diagram.

(2) Some desks are beds → True → According to Venn diagram.

Hence, Option (1) is correct. 

Additional Information

Statement:

W > D ≥ C = X < A < Z ≤ F

Conclusion:

I. Z > C → True → W > D ≥ C = X < A < Z ≤ F

II. X < W → True → W > D ≥ C = X < A < Z ≤ F

Hence, Option (4) is correct.

​Four children P, Q, R, and S are standing on a ladder.

i) P is on the ladder above Q and Q is between P and R.

ii) If S is above P then-

Here, P is third from the bottom.

Hence, Option (3) is correct.

The family chart is as follows:

According to the question-

Here, the boy is the brother of Ragini.

Hence, Option (4) is correct.

The pattern followed is:

'SECTOR' is written as 'CQRAPM '

Similarly,

Thus 'PERIOD' will be written as CNGPBM.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Given Equation: 10 ÷ 18 + 25 × 20 - 5 = 92

For this question, we have to check the given equation with each options as-

Option (1) - and +

10 ÷ 18 - 25 × 20 + 5

0.556 - 500 + 5 = -494.44 ≠ 92

Option (2) + and ×

10 ÷ 18 × 25 + 20 - 5 

0.556 × 25 + 15 = 13.88 + 15 = 28.88 ≠ 92

Option (3) + and ÷

10 + 18 ÷ 25 × 20 - 5

10 + 0.72 × 20 - 5 = 14.4 + 5 = 19.4 ≠ 92

Option (4) ÷ and -

10 - 18 + 25 × 20 ÷ 5

10 - 18 + 25 × 4 = 92

Hence, Option (4) is correct.

The pattern followed is:

Hence, Option (4) is correct.

For this question, the relation is given below-

 This has 4 sides Outer shape and Two 3 sides i.e. (4-1) inner shapes crossing each other.

 

 This has 5 sides Outer shape and Two 4 sides i.e. (5-1) inner shapes crossing each other. In this image, both inner and Outer images have 1 side more than the previous image.

Similarly,

This has 5 sides Outer shape and Two 4 sides i.e. (5-1) inner shapes crossing each other.

Now, The most relatable image to the above image is given below-

This has 6 sides Outer shape and Two 5 sides i.e. (6-1) inner shapes crossing each other. Because in this image, both inner and Outer images have 1 side more than the previous image. 

Hence, Option (4) is correct.

The pattern followed is:

Hence, Option (1) is correct.

The logic followed is:

Algebra and Trigonometry both are branches of Mathematics but individually both are different from each other.

So, The Venn diagram of Algebra, Trigonometry, Mathematics as shown-

Hence, Option (4) is correct.

For this question, We have to find the missing part of the given image which is similar to the other parts of the image.

Here, the missing part is similar to Option (3).

Hence, Option (3) is correct.

For this question, The directions of Amar are shown below-

Here, We can see that at final position Amar is looking at South.

Hence, Option (4) is correct.

The correct answer is 5th.

Key Points

• Nalanda was a monastic university.
• It is a Mahavihara since it is a complex of many monasteries
• Only a small portion of the place has been studied as most of it lies buried under present civilisation and is impossible to excavate.
• The records of the Chinese traveller Xuan Zang (Hsuan-Tsang) gives a huge amount of information about Nalanda.
• As per the records, the foundation of the learning centre was laid down by Kumaragupta I, the Gupta king in the 5th century CE.
• Later kings added to the original centre.
• Evidence for all three Buddhist doctrines of Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrayana is taught here.
• Nalanda was a centre for art production and Buddhist sculptures and manuscripts were taken from here by monks to their countries.
• So, art in Nalanda had a profound impact on art in all Buddhist countries.
• The Nalanda School of sculpture was influenced by the Buddhist Gupta art of Sarnath, the local Bihar tradition and Central India.
• This synthesis emerged during the 9th century​.

The correct answer is P.C Mahalanobis.

Key Points

• P.C. Mahalanobis:
• He is considered the father of modern statistics in India.
• He founded the Indian Statistical Institute.
• He is also known as the Architect of Indian Planning.
• Mahalanobis's model of the second five-year plan focused on Rapid industrialization and strengthening the public sector.

Additional Information

• The Second Five Year Plan in India was planned under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru for the period from 1956 to 1961.
• It was based on the P.C. Mahalanobis model built in 1953.
• Its main emphasis was on the country's economic growth.
• This plan lagged below its 4.5 per cent target growth rate and reached a 4.27 per cent growth rate.
• This plan was opposed by many experts, and India faced a payment crisis in 1957 as a result.

The correct answer is 1915.

Key Points 

• Mahatma Gandhi returned from South Africa on 9th January 1915.
• To commemorate this day we celebrate this day as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas. January 9 is annually celebrated as the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas.
• ​After arriving in India, Mahatma Gandhi successfully organized Satyagraha Movements in various places.
• Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in 1915 at the request of Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
• Gandhi Ji returns from South Africa can be seen as perfect timing for the future of the development of the Indian national movement. Gokhale helped  Gandhiji at the time of hardships in raising funds when Gandhiji was in South Africa.
• Gokhale insisted to Gandhiji that he has been far away from his nation. He wanted Gandhiji to come to India and know the situation of India under British Rule.

Important Points

• Movements Started by Gandhiji in India:
• Champaran Satyagraha of 1917.
• Kheda Satyagrah of 1918.
• Khilafat Movement Post World War I.
• Non-Co-operation Movement.
• Civil Disobedience Movement.
• Negotiations over Round Table Conferences.
• Gandhi Irwin Pact.
• Quit India Movement.

The correct answer is Spring Balance.

Key Points

• A spring scale or spring balance is a type of weighing scale.
• It consists of a spring fixed at one end with a hook to attach an object at the other.
• It works by Hooke's Law, which states that the force needed to extend a spring is proportional to the distance that spring is extended from its rest position.

The correct answer is Asia.

Key Points

• The Dead Sea lies between Israel and Jordan in Asia.
• It is known as the Arabic lake.
• The Dead Sea is at the lowest point on Earth.
• This sea is spread in the lowest place.
• The Dead Sea is 48 miles long and 11 miles wide.
• It is surrounded by three ranges.
• Its level is 400 meters below sea level.
• Its eastern coast is Jordan, while the southwestern coast in Israel, with very little water.

The correct answer is Water Cycles.

Key Points

• The water cycle describes how water evaporates from the surface of the earth, rises into the atmosphere, cools and condenses into rain or snow in clouds, and falls again to the surface as precipitation.
• And we can also define it as by which water continually changes its form and circulates between oceans, atmosphere, and the land is called the water cycle.
• The water cycle, also called the hydrological cycle, involves the continuous circulation of water in the Earth-atmosphere system.
• Of the many processes involved in the water cycle, the most important are evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.

Additional Information

• Ocean current, stream made up of horizontal and vertical components of the circulation system of ocean waters that is produced by gravity, wind friction, and water density variation in different parts of the ocean.
• Ocean currents are similar to winds in the atmosphere in that they transfer significant amounts of heat from Earth’s equatorial areas to the poles and thus play important roles in determining the climates of coastal regions.
• Precipitation is any liquid or frozen water that forms in the atmosphere and falls back to the Earth.
• It comes in many forms, like rain, sleet, and snow. Along with evaporation and condensation, precipitation is one of the three major parts of the global water cycle.
• Tide, any of the cyclic deformations of one astronomical body caused by the gravitational forces exerted by others.
• The most familiar are the periodic variations in sea level on Earth that correspond to changes in the relative positions of the Moon and the Sun.
• The tides may be regarded as forced waves, partially running waves, and partially standing waves.

The correct answer is Vaccine Maitri.

Key Points

• Under the Vaccine Maitri scheme, India supplied vaccines to other nations.
• It was a humanitarian initiative that was undertaken by the Indian government to provide COVID-19 vaccines to neighbouring and friendly countries.
• This initiative was under the Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India.

For current information: https://www.mea.gov.in/vaccine-supply.htm

The correct answer is **Harivansh Narayan Singh.**​

Key Points

• JD(U) leader Harivansh Narayan Singh has been re-elected as the Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha on September 14th, 2020.
• This is the second time that he has been elected as the deputy chairman of the House.
• He defeated the Opposition-backed RJD MP Manoj Jha by a voice vote in the Upper House.
• The Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha presides over the proceedings of the Rajya Sabha in the absence of the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
• The Deputy Chairman is elected internally by the **Rajya Sabha.**​

Additional Information

The correct answer is 250.

Key Points

• The upper house of the Indian Parliament is known as Rajya Sabha.
• It is a permanent house (cannot be dissolved) which is also known as the 'Council of states'.
• There are a total of 245 members in this house and the maximum strength is 250.
• Out of 245 members, 12 members are nominated by the President and 233 are elected.
• The feature of the nomination of members to Rajya Sabha was borrowed from Ireland.
• Those 233 members are elected by the MLAs of the respective states and the Union Territories of Pudducherry and Delhi.
• The elected members have a tenure of 6 years and elections are held for 2/3rd of the seats every two years.

Important Points

• The Rajya Sabha is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India constituted under Article 80 of the Indian constitution.
• It is also known as the house of elders.
• The Vice President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
• As of September 2021, Venkaiah Naidu is the chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
• Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and not subject to dissolution.

The correct answer is 1.

Key Points

• “Jana Gana Mana ” is the national anthem of India.
• Written in highly Sanskritised (Tatsama) Bengali, it is the first of five stanzas of a Brahmo hymn composed and scored by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore.
• But only 1 stanza of Rabindranath Tagore's "Jana Gana Mana" song was adopted as the National Anthem of India.​
• It was first sung in the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress on 27 December 1911.
• “Jana Gana Mana” was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian national anthem on 24 January 1950.
• 27 December 2011 marked the completion of 100 years of Jana Gana Mana since it was sung for the first time.
• The original poem written by Rabindranath Tagore was translated into Hindi by Abid Ali.
• It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of India on 24 January 1950.
• It was first sung on 27 December 1911 at the Kolkata Session of the Indian National Congress.
• A formal rendition of the national anthem takes fifty-two seconds.

The correct answer is 1950.

Key Points

• Planning Commission
• It was an institution in the Government of India.
• It formulated five-year plans.
• It was formed on 15 March 1950.
• It was dissolved on 17 August 2014 and replaced by the new institution NITI Aayog.
• The Prime Minister of India was the ex-officio chairman of the Planning Commission.

Additional Information

• The term NITI stands for National Institution for Transforming India.
• NITI Aayog is a think tank that advises the government in policy formulation, unlike the PC which was empowered to allocate distribute funds for the planning.
• NITI Aayog's main focus areas are cooperative & competitive federalism, decentralised planning, scenario planning, capacity building etc.
• Full-Time Organisational Framework:
• Chairman: Prime Minister (Narendra Modi)
• Vice Chairperson: Appointed by the Prime Minister. (Suman Berry)
• Chief Executive Officer (CEO).
• Full-Time members
• Part-time members: maximum 2
• Ex-officio members: maximum 4
• Structure:
• Chairman: The Prime Minister.
• Governing Council: comprising of chief ministers and Lt. Governors.
• Regional Council
• Special Invitees: Experts and practitioners as appointed by the Prime Minister.

The correct answer is Dr. AS Pillai.

• Dr. AS Pillai has authored the book "40 Years with Abdul Kalam- Untold Stories".

Key Points

• The author had the opportunity of working with this great soul closely for more than four decades and shared difficulties, failures, and successes.
• This book discusses many of the interesting events, mostly the untold ones, during this journey, including those at ISRO, DRDO, and BrahMos, and interactions with the corridors of power.
• Manufacturing is the key to economic prosperity and the chapter on Strategic Industries gives a complete insight into how India has steadily progressed in modern India.
• It was a long and unique journey for the author with the most appreciated true Indian, KALAM the Brahmarishi.

Important Points

• Dr. Abdul Kalam, a great human being, established a unique place in the hearts of Indians with his admirable virtues and combined a simple lifestyle with strong willpower to envision an empowered nation.
• Without any ego, he could adapt himself to the situation to win over the person in front of him or would instantly become a captivating communicator to the audience. Everyone, irrespective of age, position, or religion, who met him on different occasions, celebrates him as a friend.
• As the eleventh President of India, he had totally changed the perception of India in the global arena.

Additional Information

The Great Depression was the greatest and longest economic recession in modern world history. It began with the U.S. stock market crash of 1929 and did not end until 1946 after World War II. 

Key Point

• The American public began a frenzy of investing in the speculative market in the 1920s.Trade routes created during WWII remained open and helped the market recover.
• The 1929 market crash wiped out a great deal of nominal wealth for individuals and businesses alike.
• Other factors including inactivity followed by overaction by the Fed also contributed to the Great Depression.
• Both Presidents Hoover and Roosevelt tried to mitigate the impact of the depression through government policies.
• Neither the government policies or the beginning of WWII can be single-handedly credited with ending the depression.

What Ended the Great Depression

• In 1932, the country elected Franklin D. Roosevelt as president. He promised to create federal government programs to end the Great Depression. Within 100 days, he signed the New Deal into law, creating 42 new agencies throughout its lifetime. They were designed to create jobs, allow unionization, and provide unemployment insurance.  They help safeguard the economy and prevent another depression.

The correct answer is 86th Amendment Act.

Key Points

• The 86th amendment to the Constitution of India in 2002 provided the right to education as a fundamental right.
• A new article 21A was added which made the right to education a fundamental right for children between  6-14 years.
• Changes in Article 45 of the Directive Principle of State Policies were made.
• It made education for all children below 6 years a Directive Principle of State Policies(DPSP).
• It made the opportunities for education to the child a Fundamental Duty of parents of children.

Additional Information

• Article 51A of the constitution deals with Fundamental Duties.
• Fundamental Duties are takes from the constitution of Russia.
• Article 36-51 deals with the Directive Principle of State policy.
• The Directive Principle of State policy is taken from the Irish Constitution.

The correct answer is Edwin Aldrin.

Key Points

• Edwin Aldrin was the second individual to land on the surface of the Moon.
• Neil Armstrong landed on the moon for the first time.
• This was achieved by sending two men to Apollo 11 on July 20, 1969.
• Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin went to the lunar surface in an expedition called Apollo 11.
• Apollo 11 space mission was launched by Saturn V rocket from Kennedy Space Center on July 16, 1969.
• This mission created history by carrying Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin to the Moon’s surface on July 20, 1969.
• Apollo 11 space mission entered the lunar orbit three days after its launch.
• Apollo 11 Astronauts Neil Armstrong and Aldrin used the Eagle Lunar module to land on the Moon.
• Armstrong and Aldrin landed the lunar module in a crater known as the 'Sea of Tranquillity.

Important Points

• Yuri Gagarin was the first person to go to space in the world.
• Rakesh Sharma was the first Indian to go into space.

The correct answer is Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences.

• The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel  is the official name of the Nobel Prize in the field of Economics

Key Points

• The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel has been awarded 52 times to 86 Laureates between 1969 and 2020.
• In 2020 it was awarded jointly to Paul R. Milgrom and Robert B. Wilson "for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats.
• About Nobel Prize
• The Nobel Prize award was first conferred in 1901.
• It is given in the name of Alfred Nobel who was a Swedish inventor.
• The season for Nobel Prize begins in October every year.
• The Nobel Prize is awarded yearly to the individuals or organizations who do an extraordinary job in the field of Physics, chemistry, literature, peace, physiology or medicine, and Economics.
• All the Nobel Prizes are given in Stockholm, Sweden except for the Nobel Peace Prize which is awarded in Oslo, Norway.
• Three people at maximum can share a Nobel Prize.
• Between 1901 and 2020, the Nobel Prizes and the Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 603 times to 962 people and organizations.

Key Points 

• The 2025 Nobel Prizes were awarded across five categories, highlighting achievements in quantum physics, materials science, immunology, literature, and peace.
• Physics Prize:
• Awarded to John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for their work in macroscopic quantum mechanical tunneling and energy quantization in electric circuits, showcasing quantum mechanics at a macroscopic scale.
• Their work enabled advances in quantum computing, cryptography, and quantum sensors.
• Chemistry Prize:
• Awarded to Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M. Yaghi for their development of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), materials with vast internal surface areas for various applications such as water harvesting, carbon capture, and toxic gas storage.
• Medicine Prize:
• Awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for discovering regulatory T cells (Tregs) that prevent autoimmune diseases and play a role in cancer therapy.
• Their work has revolutionized the understanding of autoimmune diseases and immunotherapy.
• Literature Prize:
• Awarded to László Krasznahorkai for his visionary works, including "Satantango", which explore themes of apocalyptic terror, chaos, and human isolation.
• Known for long, complex sentences and dark, philosophical narratives.
• Peace Prize:
• Awarded to Maria Corina Machado, a Venezuelan leader and symbol of democratic resistance against authoritarianism in Venezuela, emphasizing "ballots over bullets" and leading the opposition.
• Praised for her courage despite life-threatening risks and for unifying the opposition around democratic principles.

Additional Information

• Geographical Distribution:
• United States leads with six laureates.
• Other countries: Japan (2 laureates), Australia, Hungary, and Venezuela (1 laureate each).
• Ceremony: 
• The award ceremony will take place on December 10, 2025, in Stockholm (Peace Prize in Oslo).
• Each prize includes 11 million Swedish kronor, a gold medal, and a diploma.

The correct answer is Russia.

Key Points

• Sputnik V is developed by Russia’s Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology.
• It claims to be one of the three vaccines in the world with an efficacy of over 90%.
• Approved by the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI), Sputnik V is the third vaccine to be made available in India after the Serum Institute of India’s Covishield and Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin.
• The vaccine supplies for the global market will be produced by the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) international partners in India, Brazil, China, South Korea and other countries.

The correct answer is 9.

• The Navratnas of Akbar were as follows: Raja Birbal, Tansen, Abul Fazal, Faizi, Raja Man Singh, Raja Todar Mal, Mullah Do Piaza, Fakir Aziao-Din, Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana.

Key Points

• Tansen was an Indian musician and poet who was an important figure in the North Indian tradition of Hindustani classical music.
• His renditions of ragas, a musical form intended to invoke emotion or nature, were said to tame animals and turn day into night, while his voice could replicate the roar of a lion or the chirp of a bird.
• His real name was Ramtanu Pandey.
• He was greatly esteemed for his dhrupad and raga compositions and for his vocal performances.
• Tansen was the title given to him by Raja Vikramjit of Gwalior.
• Akbar gave the title of Kanthabharan Vanivilas to Tansen.

Additional Information

• Akbar (1556 to 1605)
• Akbar was the third Mughal emperor (1556 to 1605) and son of  Humayun.
• Akbar succeeds in the throne at just 13 years old due to the death of Humayun.
• The kingdom Akbar inherited was little more than a collection of frail fiefs, under the regency of  Bairam Khan.
• Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system.
• The Navratnas of Akbar were as follows: Raja Birbal, Tansen, Abul Fazal, Faizi, Raja Man Singh, Raja Todar Mal, Mullah Do Piaza, Fakir Aziao-Din, Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana.
• Abul Fazl started the writing of Akbarnama in 1589.
• It is the most detailed history of the reign of Akbar.

The correct answer is Radio Astronomer.

Key Points

• Govind Swarup passed away on 7 September 2020.
• He was 91 years old.
• He is widely recognized as the ‘Father of Indian Radio Astronomy.’
• He was the founding director of the Pune-based National Centre for Radio Astrophysics (NCRA) of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR).
• He built the Ooty Radio Telescope and the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) array in Pune.
• In 1973, he was awarded the Padma Shri for his contributions.
• In 1972, he received the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize.

Additional Information

• Radio astronomy is a subfield of astronomy that studies celestial objects at radio frequencies.
• The initial detection of radio waves from the astronomical object was created in the 1930s when Karl Jansky observed radiation coming back from the extragalactic nebula.
• Subsequent observations have known a variety of various sources of radio waves.
• These embrace stars and galaxies, likewise as entirely new categories of objects like radio galaxies, quasars, and pulsars.

The correct answer is India.

Key Points

• World football governing body FIFA announced the cancellation of its women’s youth tournaments for 2020, awarding the hosting rights of the 2022 editions to those nations.
• It means India will now host the 2022 FIFA U-17 Women’s World Cup.

Additional Information

• Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA):
• It is the international governing body of the football association.
• FIFA was founded in 1904 to oversee international competition among the national associations of Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland.
• FIFA is headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland.
• Its membership now comprises 211 national associations.

Given:

A candidate got 75% of total valid votes = 2160

Formula used:

The gain marks percentage = {(The gain marks)/(The total number of marks)} × 100

Calculation:

Let be assume the total number of voters is X

⇒ The total number of voter those who cast their votes = {(100 - 20)/100} × X = (80/100) × X = (4/5) × X

⇒ The total number of valid votes = (90/100) × (4X/5) = (9/10) × (4X/5) = 36X/50

⇒ A candidates got votes = 2160

⇒ (75/100) × (36X/50) = 2160

⇒ X = (2160 × 50 × 100)/(36 × 75) = (60 × 50 × 4)/3 = 20 × 50 × 4 = 1000 × 4 = 4000

∴ The required result will be 4000.

Given:

The speed of car = 40 km/h

The total distance = 200 km

Formula used:

S = D/T   

Where, S = Speed, D = Distance and T = Time

Calculation:

Let the speed of bus be S

According to the question;

⇒ Total time is taken by car to complete the journey = 200/40 = 5 hours

⇒ To travel half of the distance car will take time = 5/2 = 2.5 hours

⇒ Time is taken by bus to travel half of the distance = 4.5 - 2.5 = 2 hours

⇒ The total distance travel by bus in = 2 × 2 = 4 hours

⇒ The speed of bus = 200/4 = 50 km/h

∴ The required result will be 50 km/h.

Please check the last two lines

Given:

Students study in syllabus Q in institute B = 540

Students study in syllabus P, Q, R, S, and T institute C respectively = 550, 610, 390, 570, and 380

Formula used:

GM% = {(GM)/(TM)} × 100    (Where GM = Gain marks and TM = Total Marks)

Calculation:

⇒ The students study in syllabus Q in institute B = 540

⇒ Total students study in institute C = 550 + 610 + 390 + 570 + 380 = 2500

⇒ The required % = (540/2500) × 100 = (0.216) × 100 = 21.6   which is nearest to 22 ≈ 22

∴ The required result will be 22.

Given:

The number of users of ABC in city P, Q, R, S, and T respectively = 600, 500, 650, 700, and 550

Concept:

If two numbers A and B then, addition of these two number will be = A + B

Calculation:

⇒ Total number of user of ABC in all cities = 600 + 500 + 650 + 700 + 550 = 3000

∴ The required result will be 3000.

Given:

The first sum = 1200

The second sum = 1000

The time = 120

Formula used:

I = (P × R × T)/100    (Where, I = Interest P = Principle, R = Rate, and T = Time)

Calculation:

Let be assume the rate of interest is R

⇒ Interest on first sum = (1200 × 3 × R)/100 = 36R

⇒ Interest on second sum = (1000 × 3 × R)/100 = 30R

⇒ 36R - 30R = 120

⇒ 6R = 120

⇒ R = 20%

∴ The required result will be 20%.

Given:

The fractions = 22/88, 212/841, 85/96, and 13/45

Concept:

If A is greater than B then, 

A > B

Calculation:

⇒ 23/88 = 0.261

⇒ 212/841 = 0.252

⇒ 85/96 = 0.885

⇒ 13/45 = 0.288

⇒ The acending order of the numbers = 212/841 < 23/88 < 13/45 < 85/96

∴ The required result will be 212/841.

Given:

The radius of the circle = 6 cm

Concept:

When a square is circumscribed by a circle then,  The diameter of the circle = Diagonal of the square

Formula used:

The area of a square = a²   

The diameter of the square = √2 × (a)

(Where a = Side of the square)

Calculation:

Let be assume a is the side of the square

⇒ The diameter of the square = √2 × (a)

⇒ 6 + 6 = √2 × (a)

⇒ 12 = √2 × (a)

⇒ Squaring the both side 

⇒ (12)² = (√2)² × a²

⇒ a² = 144/2 = 72 cm²    (Where a² = Area of the square whose side is a)

∴ The required result will be 72 cm².

Given:

The students studying in institute A in different syllabus respectively = 520, 410, 430, 350, and 370

The students studying institute H in different syllabus respectively = 450, 310, 480, 460, and 660

Calculation:

⇒ The total number of students studying in institute A = 520 + 410 + 430 + 350 + 370 = 2080

⇒ The total number of students studying in institute H = 450 + 310 + 480 + 460 + 660 = 2360

⇒ The required ratio = 2080/2360 = 208/236 = 52/59

∴ The required result will be 52 : 59.

Given:

The expression = 342 - 262 = ?2 - 30% of 320

Concept:

Calculation:

⇒ 342 - 262 = ?2 - 30% of 320

⇒ 1156 - 676 = ?² - (30/100) × (320)

⇒ 1156 - 676 = ?² - (0.3 × 320)

⇒ 1156 - 676 = ?² - 96

⇒ 1156 + 96 - 676 = ?²

⇒ ?² = 576

⇒ ? = √576 = 24

∴ The required result will be 24.

Shortcut Trick

The required number is exactly divisible by 18, so it must also be divisible by 9.

By the divisibility rule of 9, the sum of its digits must be a multiple of 9.

From the given options (8, 6, 9, 12), only 9 is a multiple of 9.

Alternatively, the smallest 4-digit multiple of their LCM (360) is 360 × 3 = 1080.

Sum of digits of 1080 = 1 + 0 + 8 + 0 = 9.

∴ The correct answer is 9.

Alternate Method

Given:

Divisors: 8, 10, 12, 18, and 24

Formula Used:

Required number = Smallest 4-digit number + (LCM − Remainder)

Calculations:

⇒ Prime factorization of given numbers:

⇒ 8 = 2³

⇒ 10 = 2 × 5

⇒ 12 = 2² × 3

⇒ 18 = 2 × 3²

⇒ 24 = 2³ × 3

⇒ LCM = 2³ × 3² × 5 = 8 × 9 × 5 = 360

⇒ The smallest 4-digit number is 1000.

⇒ 1000 ÷ 360 gives a quotient of 2 and a remainder of 280.

⇒ To make it perfectly divisible by 360, we add the difference between the divisor and the remainder.

⇒ Required Number = 1000 + (360 − 280) = 1080

⇒ Sum of the digits = 1 + 0 + 8 + 0 = 9

∴ The correct answer is 9.

Additional Information

LCM and HCF Relation

The product of two numbers is equal to the product of their LCM and HCF: a × b = LCM × HCF.

Greatest n-digit number divisible by given numbers

To find the greatest n-digit number divisible by given numbers, find their LCM, divide the greatest n-digit number by the LCM, and subtract the remainder from the greatest n-digit number.

Divisibility Rule of 9

A number is perfectly divisible by 9 if the sum of its digits is a multiple of 9. This rule is highly useful for cross-verifying answers involving multiples of 9 or 18.

Given:

The efficiency of B is less than A = 37.5%

The efficiency of C is less than B = 60%

Formula used:

W = E × T   (Where, W = Work, E = Efficiency and T = Time)

Calculation:

Let be assume an efficiency of A is 100

⇒ The efficiency of B = (100 - 37.5) = 62.5

⇒ The efficiency of C = {(100 - 60)/100} × 62.5 = (2/5) × 62.5 = 25

⇒ A and C can complete the work in 42 days then,

⇒ The total work = 42 × (100 + 25) = 125 × 42 = 5250

⇒ A, B, and C together can complete the work = 5250/(100 + 25 + 62.5) = 5250/187.5 = 28 days

∴ The required result will we 28 days.

Given:

The speed of the boat in still water = 15 km/h

Concept:

Downstream speed of boat = Speed of boat in still water + Speed of stream

Formula used:

S = D/T   (Where S = Speed, D = Distance, and T = Time)

Calculation:

⇒ The speed of boat in downstream = 15 + 3 = 18 km/h = 18/60 km/minutes = 0.3 km/minutes

⇒ The distance travelled in 12 minutes in downstream = 0.3 × 12 = 3.6 km

∴ The required result will be 3.6 km.

Given:

The profit on selling the blanket = 180 rupees

Formula used:

GM% = (GM/TM) × 100 (Where GM = Gain marks, TM = Total marks)

Calculation:

Let be assume cost price of the blanket is X

⇒ The marked price of the blanket = {(100 + 25)/100} × X = (125/100) × X = 5X/4

⇒ The selling price of the blanket = (100 - 12)/100 × (5X/4) = (88/100) × (5X/4) = (22/25) × (5X/4) = 22X/20

⇒ Profit = 22X/20 - X

⇒ 180 = (22X - 20X)/20

⇒ 2X = 3600

⇒ X = 1800

⇒ The marked price of blanket = 5X/4 = (5/4) × 1800 = 2250

∴ The required result will be 2250.

Alternate MethodUsing ratio Method:

Let CP be 100

Ratio between CP and MP = 100 : 125

After 12% discount

Ratio of CP : MP : SP = 100 : 125 : 110

Given Profit = Rs. 180

So, 110 - 100 = 10 unit   (SP - CP = Profit)

10 unit = Rs. 180

So, 1 unit = Rs. 18

Marked price = 125 unit

So Marked price = 125 × Rs. 18 = Rs. 2250

Given:

The average of the present age of P and Q = 12.5

The difference between the squares of the present age of the P and Q = 25

Formula used:

a² - b² = (a + b) × (a - b)

Average = (The sum of all items)/(Total number of items)

Calculation:

Let be assume the present age of P and Q is P and Q respectively. and after X year ratio of their present age is 15 : 14

⇒ P + Q = 2 × 12.5 = 25 ...... (1)

⇒ P² - Q² = 25

⇒ (P + Q) × (P - Q) = 25

⇒ 25 × (P - Q) = 25

⇒ P - Q = 1 ....... (2)

⇒ By solving equation (1) and (2)

⇒ P = 13, Q = 12

⇒ (13 + X)/(12 + X) = 15/14

⇒ 182 + 14X = 180 + 15X

⇒ X = 2 years

∴ The required result will be 2 years.

Given:

A man saves an average from January to June = 500 rupees

Concept:

Income = Expenditure + Saving

Formula used:

Average = (The sum of all items)/(The total number of items)

Calculation:

⇒ The total saving from January to June = 500 × 6 = 3000

⇒ The total saving of January to July = 3000 + 450 = 3450

⇒ The total saving of August to December = 3450 × (60/100) = 2070

⇒ The total saving of whole year = 3450 + 2070 = 5520

⇒ The total spending of whole year = 440 × 12 = 5280

⇒ The total annul income of the man = 5520 + 5280 = 10800

⇒ The total monthly income of man = 10800/12 = 900

∴ The required result will be 900.

Given:

The percentage of oil in mixture = 60%

Calculation:

Let be assume an initial quantity of the mixture is X

⇒ The quantity of oil in mixture = (60/100) × X = 0.6X

⇒ The quantity of water in mixture = (40/100) × X = 0.4X

⇒ Now, water and oil is 50%-50% of the mixture if 30 ml of water is added then,

⇒ 0.4X + 30 = (X + 30) × (50/100)

⇒ 0.4X + 30 = X/2 + 30/2

⇒ 0.4X + 30 = X/2 + 15

⇒ 30 - 15 = X/2 - 4X/10

⇒ (5X - 4X)/10 = 15

⇒ X = 15 × 10 = 150

∴ The required result will be 150.

Given:

The expression = $\sqrt{21+\sqrt{49}+\sqrt{64}} \space {\%:of:5000}=?$

Concept:

Calculation:

$\sqrt{21+\sqrt{49}+\sqrt{64}} \space {\%:of:5000}=?$ 

⇒ $\sqrt{(21+{7}+{8})}\%:of:5000$

⇒ $\sqrt{36{}}\%:of:5000$

⇒ (6/100) × 5000

⇒ 50 × 6 = 300

∴ The required result will be 300.

Given:

The surface area of sphere = 616 cm²

Formula used:

The surface area of sphere = 4 × (π × r²)       (Where, r = Radius of the sphere)

Calculation:

Let be assume the new radius of the sphere is r

⇒ The surface area of the sphere after 75% reduce = 616 × {(100 - 75)/100} = (25/100) × 616 =  616/4 = 154 cm²

⇒ The new surface area of the sphere = 154 cm²

⇒ 4 × (22/7) × r² = 154

⇒ r² = (154 × 7)/(22 × 4) = (7 × 7)/4 = 49/4 

⇒ r = √(49/4) = 7/2 = 3.5 cm

∴ The required result will be 3.5 cm.

Concept:

If a polynomial is divisible by a function/polynomial, then the function has to be one of its factors.

Calculation:

If any polynomial is divisible by x - 3, it means it is a factor of x - 3

⇒ It will satisfy x - 3 = 0

⇒ x = 3

Put x = 3 in all the equations and check which one gives output = 0

Checking option 1:

Put x = 3 in x⁴ - 8x² - x - 7

⇒ 3⁴ - 8 × 3² - 3 - 7 = - 1

So, it is not divisible by x - 3

Checking option 2:

⇒ Put x = 3 in 3x3 - 6x2 - 5x - 12

⇒ 3 × 33 - 6 × 32 - 5 × 3 - 12 = 0

∴ 3x3 - 6x2 - 5x - 12 is divisible by x - 3

Given:

The production of factory decreased = 20%

Concept:

Production of the factory = M × H     (Where M = Total number of men, and H = Total number of hours)

Calculation:

Let be assume the total production is 100, number of men is 20 and working hours is 5 initialy

⇒ When production is reduce by 20% then production = 100 × {(100 - 20)/100} = (4/5) × 100 = 80

⇒ When production reduce by 20% then the number of men = 80/5 = 16 men

⇒ If production should remain as initial then the number of working hours = 100/16 = 6.25

⇒ Percentage change in working hours = {(6.25 - 5)/5} × 100 = (1.25/5) × 100 = 1.25 × 20 = 25%

∴ The required result will be 25%.

The correct answer is 'strong enough'.

Key Points

• The error lies in the incorrect usage of adverb 'enough'.
• According to the rule 'strong' is an adjective and 'enough' is an adverb when an adverb is used to modify an adjective, adverb will succeed the adjective.
• Example:
• He was kind enough to lend me some money. (Correct)
• He was old enough to earn a living. (Correct)
• He was enough kind to me some money. (Incorrect)
• He was enough old to earn a living. (Incorrect)
• Thus, 'enough strong' needs to be replaced with 'strong enough'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'The network is strong enough and I can say that the mobile networks in India now are better or at par with any network in the world. '

The correct answer is 'Friedman used the term to signify "unexpectedly dumping money onto a struggling economy with the intention to shock it out of a deep slump."'

Key Points

• Option 1, it is incorrect because the conjunction 'and' is coordinate conjunction and is used to connect phrase and clause of same grammatical rank. An -ing form of verb is succeeding 'and' therefore, it must be preceded by an -ing form of verb i.e. 'printing' in place of the infinitive 'to print' to make the sentence grammatically correct.
• Option 2 is a grammatically and contextually correct sentence.
• Option 3 is incorrect because 'aimed with' is an incorrect phrasal verb to be used in the sentence. The correct phrasal verb is 'aimed at' which means  To target a particular issue or goal. Thus, 'with' needs to be replaced with 'at' to make the sentence grammatically correct.
• Option 4, it is incorrect because the conjunction 'and' and whenever conjunction like 'and' preceded the adverb 'thereby' it is succeeded by a present or past tense. Thus, 'boost' will be used in place of 'to boost' to make the sentence grammatically correct.

The correct answer is 'until'.

Key Points

• Let's explore the options:
• For: As a preposition, it is used to express the purpose of.
• Example: There's a sign there saying "boats for hire".
• Since: As an adverb, it is used to express an action or event from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now.
• Example: Emma went to work in New York a year ago, and we haven't seen her since.
• Apart: As an adverb, it is used to express separation by distance or by time.
• Example: How far apart should the speakers be?
• Until: It is used as a preposition and conjunction and used to express not before a particular time or event.
• Example: Once he starts painting a room he won't stop until it's done.
• Thus, 'until' will be used in the blank because an event of 'competing in a race' will not happen before 'Christmas'.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'She broke her foot recently in practice and will not be competing until after Christmas.'

The correct answer is 'His assistants have and', i.e. the error lies in this part of the sentence.

Key Points

• The error lies in the incorrect usage of verb.
• 'Have' needs to be replaced with 'have done'.
• The action has started in past continues in the present, the action in present is represented by 'are doing' but action in past is represented by 'have' which is incorrect and needs to be replaced with 'have done'.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

Therefore, the correct statement is: 'His assistants have done and are still doing excellent work for the organisation.' 

Additional Information

• Present perfect tense: It is defined as an action started in past, finished in past, and has a relation with the present or an action that has happened in a period of time up to now.

The correct answer is 'Parsimonious'.

Key Points

• Let's explore the meaning of the marked word and the given word. 
• Prodigal: spending or using large amounts of money, time, energy, etc., especially in a way that is not very wise.
• Example: The prodigal landlord spends the money as fast as he receives it.
• Parsimonious: not willing to spend money or to give or use a lot of something.
• Example: She's too parsimonious to heat the house properly.
• From above, we can refer that the correct answer is option 2.

Additional Information 

• Lavish: large in quantity and expensive or impressive.
• Example: The evening was a lavish affair with glorious food and an endless supply of champagne.
• Generous: willing to give money, help, kindness, etc., especially more than is usual or expected.
• Example: TShe's been very generous with her time.
• Jabbering: to speak or say something quickly in a way that is difficult to understand.
• Example: The train was full of people jabbering (away) into their mobile phones.

The correct answer is 'its'.

Key Points

• The error lies in the incorrect usage of apostrophe.
• 'It's' needs to be replaced with 'its'.
• It's: 'It's' means it is or it has. The apostrophe signals that something has been removed.
• Example: It's raining. [=It is raining.]
• Its: of or relating to it or itself.
• Example: Let the medicine do its job.
• Here in the sentence 'it's' is used for 'government' which is incorrect.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 1.

Therefore, the correct sentence is: 'After its unsuccessful bid to sell Air India in 2018, the government this time has decided to offload its entire stake.'

The correct answer is 'Glamourous', i.e. it is a wrongly spelt word.

Key Points 

• Glamourous: It is a wrongly spelt word. The correct spelling is 'Glamorous'.
• Glamorous: attractive or appealing in an exotic or exciting way.
• Example: Being a singer must be such a glamorous lifestyle.
• Thus, from the above-given explanation, we can say that the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information  

• Gauge: estimate or determine the amount, level, or volume of.
• Example: astronomers can gauge the star's intrinsic brightness.
• Grandeur: splendour and impressiveness, especially of appearance or style.
• Example: The majestic grandeur and simplicity of Roman architecture.
• Grievous: (of something bad) very severe or serious.
• Example: His death was a grievous blow

The correct answer is 'Uxoricide'.

Key Points 

• Uxoricide: the crime of murdering your wife.
• Example: Younger women, relative to older women, are at higher risk of uxoricide - being murdered by their husbands.
• Thus, from above, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information 

• Regicide: the action of killing a king.
• Sororicide: the killing of one’s sister.
• Suicide:  the action of killing oneself intentionally.

The correct answer is 'PRQS'.

Key Points

• Statement P  will be the first in sequence as it introduces the subject of the sentence 'Countries'.
• Statement R will follow Statement P as it mentions the era of lockdown which is mentioned in statement P.
• Statement Q will follow statement R as it states the effect of lockdown on adult as well as on children.
• Statement S will be the last part.

Therefore, the correct sequence is PRQS.

• Sequence:
• P. Countries across the globe have slowly begun to lift their lockdown restrictions.
• R:  In this era of stepping out only when necessary, it is the children who bear the maximum brunt of the isolation.
• Q:  As adults have slowly adapted to the new normal, a rapid change of the lifestyles can have an immense impact on the minds of the little ones.
• S. The truth is that the pandemic is far from over.

The correct answer is 'RSPQ'.

Key Points

• Statement R will be the first in sequence as it introduces the subject of the sentence 'Materialistic Culture'.
• Statement S will follow Statement R as it mentions how a new product is sold to consumers despite having existing ones which served well.
• Statement P will follow statement S as it mentions what happens when the consumers reached their limits for loans.
• Statement Q will be the last part.

Therefore, the correct sequence is RSPQ.

• Sequence:
• R: Owing to the materialistic culture elsewhere, it was possible to keep selling newer products to the consumers despite having existing ones which served equally well.
• S: They were lured through advertising and marketing techniques of 'dustbinisation' of the customer; and then finally, once they became ready customers, they were given loans and credits to help them buy more and more.
• P: When all the credit worthy people were given loans to a logical limit, they ceased to be a part of the market.
• Q: Even this would have been understandable if it could work as an eye opener.

The correct answer is 'steady'.

Key Points 

• Let's explore the meaning of the given options:

 

• Thus, from the above-given explanation, we can say that 'steady' will be used in the blank.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'To have a natural interest in gardening​'.

Key Points

• To have a green thumb:  It is an idiomatic phrase which means the ability to make plants grow and be healthy. 
• Example: My sister has a green thumb, but I kill most plants that I buy.
• Thus, from above we can say that the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is 'Agreement'.

Key Points

• Let's explore the meaning of the marked word and the given word. 
• Consensus: a generally accepted opinion or decision among a group of people.
• Example: The general consensus in the office is that he can't do his job.
• Agreement: the situation in which people have the same opinion, or in which they approve of or accept something.
• Example: The whole family was in agreement with her about/on what they should do.
• From above, we can refer that the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information 

• Denial: a statement that something is not true or does not exist.
• Example: The CEO issued a denial of the report that she is about to resign.
• Discord: the state of not agreeing or sharing opinions.
• Example: A note of discord has crept into relations between the two countries.
• Dissension: arguments and disagreement, especially in an organization, group, political party, etc.
• Example: There are signs of dissension within the ruling political party.

The correct answer is 'Intimidate.

Key Points

• Intimidate: to frighten or threaten someone, usually in order to persuade them to do something that you want them to do. (भयभीत)
• Example: They were intimidated into accepting a pay cut by the threat of losing their jobs.
• Thus, from above, we can refer that the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'Stop working on something'.

Key Points 

• Call it a day: It is an idiomatic phrase which means to stop what you are doing because you do not want to do any more or think you have done enough. 
• Example: I'm getting a bit tired now - let's call it a day.
• Thus, from above we can say that the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'Antony's Speech'.

Key Points

• Let's refer to the following lines of the passage:
• After Brutus speaks, the crowd becomes calm and supports his cause. However, Antony, in his speech, questions the motives of the conspirators and reminds the crowd of Caesar's benevolent actions and of his refusal to accept the crown. He also reads them Caesar's will, in which Caesar leaves public land and money to each Roman citizen. Antony's speech stirs the crowd into a murderous riot, and the conspirators are forced to flee from the city.
• Thus, from above we can refer that the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'Antony's speech stirred the crowd into a murderous riot and the conspirators had to flee.'

Key Points

• Let's refer to the following lines of the passage:
• Brutus stoically receives news of his wife's suicide in Rome.
• Antony has joined with Caesar's great-nephew, Octavius, and with a man called Lepidus.
• Antony, triumphant on the battlefield, praises Brutus as 'the noblest Roman of them all' and orders a formal funeral before he and Octavius return to rule in Rome.
• Antony's speech stirs the crowd into a murderous riot, and the conspirators are forced to flee from the city.
• Thus, from above the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'Mark Antony'.

Key Points

• Let's refer to the following lines of the passage:
• Antony, triumphant on the battlefield, praises Brutus as 'the noblest Roman of them all' and orders a formal funeral before he and Octavius return to rule in Rome.
• Thus, from above the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'to avenge Caesar’s murder by infuriating the crowd'.

Key Points

• Let's refer to the following lines of the passage:
• However, Antony, in his speech, questions the motives of the conspirators and reminds the crowd of Caesar's benevolent actions and of his refusal to accept the crown. He also reads them Caesar's will, in which Caesar leaves public land and money to each Roman citizen. Antony's speech stirs the crowd into a murderous riot, and the conspirators are forced to flee from the city.
• Thus, from above, we can infer that the correct answer is option 4

The correct answer is 'impassively'.

Key Points

• Let's explore the meaning of the marked word and the given word. 
• Stoically: without complaining or showing your feelings, especially when something bad happens to you.
• Example: She listened stoically as the guilty verdict was read out.
• impassively: in a way that expresses no emotion or reaction.
• Example: He stared impassively out of the window.
• From above, we can refer that the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information 

• edgily: in a nervous or worried way.
• fervidly: hot, burning, or glowing.
• dolorously: sad, or causing sadness or emotional suffering.

दिए गए विकल्पों में ‘धिक्!’ विकल्प सही है। अन्य विकल्प इसके अनुचित हैं। 

 Key Points

उपरोक्त विकल्पों में ‘धिक्!’ शब्द ‘तिरस्कारबोधक’ अव्यय है जो विस्मयादिबोधक अव्यय का भेद है।

उदाहरण- हट!, जाओ वहाँ। 

 Important Points

ब्याज का अर्थ सूद होता है, और व्याज का अर्थ बहाना होता है।

ब्याज - व्याज, के लिए शुद्ध शब्द युग्म 'सूद - बहाना​' है।

• ब्याज : सूद
• व्याज : बहाना

Key Points

• अन्य शब्द -
• नृत्य - नाच।
• सहोदर - एक ही पेट से जन्मे, सगा।
• पंखा - हवा देने वाला यंत्र।

Additional Information 

उपरोक्त विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर विकल्प 4 ‘वह हँसता है।’ होगा। अन्य विकल्प इसके त्रुटिपूर्ण उत्तर होंगे।

Key Points 

• ‘वह हँसता है।’ यह वाक्य ‘अकर्मक क्रिया’ का है।
• अकर्मक क्रिया: ‘अकर्मक’ मतलब कर्म उपस्थित नहीं है। जब किसी वाक्य में कर्ता हो और क्रिया भी हो लेकिन कर्म ना हो तो वहां पर अकर्मक क्रिया होती है। ‘वह हँसता है।‘ इस वाक्य में ‘वह’ कर्ता का काम कर रहा है और हँसना क्रिया है, लेकिन इसका प्रभाव और किसी चीज पर नहीं पड़ रहा है, इसलिए यहां पर अकर्मक क्रिया है।

Additional Information अन्य विकल्प:

• पूर्वकालिक क्रिया- पूर्वकालिक का अर्थ होता है– पहले से हुआ। जब कर्ता एक कार्य को समाप्त करके तुरंत दूसरे काम में लग जाता है, तब जो क्रिया पहले ही समाप्त हो जाती है, उसे पूर्वकालिक क्रिया कहते हैं। पूर्वकालिक क्रिया को धातु में कर या करके लगाकर बनाया जाता है।
• जिन क्रियाओं से यह बोध होता है कि कर्ता स्वयं कार्य न कर के किसी दूसरे को कार्य करने के लिए प्रेरित करता है, उन्हें प्रेरणार्थक क्रिया कहते हैं जैसे, लिखना से लिखवाना, समझना से समझाना इत्यादि।

दिए गए विकल्पों में आत्मशुद्धि शब्द की वर्तनी शुद्ध है। अत: सही विकल्प 3 ‘आत्मशुद्धि’ है। अन्य सभी शब्दों की वर्तनी त्रुटि पूर्ण हैं।

Key Points

• ‘आत्मशुद्धि’ का अर्थ ‘स्वयं का शुद्धिकरण’ है।

 

 

 

 

 

 

Additional Information

विकल्प 3 ‘अवरोहण’ इसका सही उत्तर है। अन्य विकल्प अनुचित हैं।

Key Points

दिए गए विकल्पों में ‘अवरोहण’ उपरोक्त वाक्यांश के लिए उचित शब्द है।

 

अन्य विकल्प:

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दिए गए विकल्पों में सही उत्तर विकल्प 2 ‘लाजवाब’ है। अन्य विकल्प इसके अनुचित उत्तर हैं।

• ‘जवाब’ मूल शब्द है जिसमें ‘ला’ उपसर्ग के योग से ‘लाजवाब’ शब्द निर्मित हुआ है।
• लाजवाब का अर्थ बेहतरीन होगा।
• ‘ला’ उपसर्ग से बने अन्य शब्द हैं- लावारिस, लाचार, लाजवाब, लापरवाह, लापता आदि।

1. रसगुल्ला - मीठा खाद्य पदार्थ।
2. ललित - मनोहर, सुन्दर।
3. लालरंग - एक प्रकार का रंग।

भूख स्त्रीलिंग शब्द हैं। अन्य सभी विकल्प पुल्लिंग के उदाहरण है।  

जैसे - उसे भूख जोरो की लगी है।

Key Points

अन्य विकल्प  

- ‘कृत्य’ एक पुल्लिंग शब्द है। उदाहरण - उसका कृत्य क्षमा योग्य नही है।  

• ‘बहाव’ पुल्लिंग शब्द हैं। जैसे -  नदी का बहाव तेज है। 
  
• 'गाना' पुल्लिंग शब्द है। जैसे - फिल्म का गाना सुनने जैसा है। 

विशेष -

दिए गए विकल्पों में सही उत्तर विकल्प 1 ‘जड काटते जाना और पानी देते रहना​’ है। अन्य विकल्प इसके असंगत उत्तर हैं।

Key Points

स्पष्टीकरण: 

• ‘जड काटते जाना और पानी देते रहना’ लोकोक्ति का अर्थ ‘ऊपर से प्रेम दिखाना, अप्रत्यक्ष में हानि पहुँचाते रहना’ होगा। अन्य विकल्प त्रुटिपूर्ण हैं।
• वाक्य प्रयोग - प्रशान्त जब मुझसे मिलता है हँसकर प्रेम से बात करता है लेकिन पीछे भाई साहब से मेरी बुराई करता है। जब मुझे पता चला तो मैंने उससे कहा कि तुम जड़ काटते हो ऊपर से पानी देते हो।
• जीभ जली और स्वाद भी कुछ न आया - बदनामी भी हुई और लाभ भी नहीं मिला
• वाक्य प्रयोग - तुमने उस लड़की से प्यार किया उसने धोखा दिया और किसी और से शादी कर ली। तुमने तो जीभ जली और स्वाद भी कुछ न आया वाली कहावत चरितार्थ कर दी।
• जान मारे बनिया पहचान मारे चोर - बनिया परिचित व्यक्ति को ठगता है और चोर भेद मिलने से चोरी करता है।
• वाक्य प्रयोग - सेठ जी वैसे तो मेरे मित्र हैं, लेकिन कपड़े के दाम बड़े महंगे लिए। मैं भी मुलाहिजे में कुछ न कह सका। ये कहावत ठीक ही है – ‘जान मारे बनिया, पहचान मारे चोर’।
• जहाँ न जाएँ रवि वहाँ जाए कवि - कवि की कल्पना अनन्त होती है।
• वाक्य प्रयोग - कालिदास और भवभूति जैसे कवियों की रचनाओं को पढ़कर कहा जा सकता है – जहाँ न जाए रवि वहाँ जाए कवि।
• अन्य विकल्प इसके अनुचित उत्तर होंगे।

Additional Information 

विशेष:

'थैली का मुँह खोलना’ मुहावरे का सही अर्थ है – खुले दिल से व्यय करना। अन्य विकल्प असंगत हैं। 

स्पष्टीकरण:-

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अन्य विकल्प:-

Additional Information

दिये गए विकल्पों में से 'आपने नौकरी पाने का एक अच्छा अवसर खो दिया।' शुद्ध वाक्यरूप है। 

Key Points

• 'आपने नौकरी पाने का एक अच्छा अवसर खो दिया​।' शुद्ध वर्तनी युक्त वाक्य है। क्योंकि इसमें कोई त्रुटि नहीं है।
• अन्य विकल्पों में अशुद्धियां हैं।

अन्य विकल्प - 

 

Additional Information

उपरोक्त विकल्पों में सम्बोधन के समय जिसे सम्बोधित किया जाता है, उसके बाद अल्पविराम चिन्ह का प्रयोग किया जाता है। 

Key Points

विरामचिन्ह – भाषा के लिखित रूप में विशेष स्थानों पर रुकने का संकेत करने वाले चिन्हों को विरामचिन्ह कहते हैं। 

गुरु को नमस्कार है। वाक्य में 'सम्प्रदान कारक' है l 

Key Points 

• क्योंकि जिस शब्द से किसी के लिए कुछ करने या देने का बोध हो, या नमस्कार करने का भाव हो।
• अतः स्पष्ट है कि सम्प्रदान कारक सटीक विकल्प हैl
• अन्य विकल्प असंगत है l

अन्य विकल्प

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