Environmental Studies PYQs

Young learners in class-I benefit from hands-on experiences and concrete examples to understand abstract concepts like the senses.

Key Points

• By using concrete materials, such as props, visuals, or interactive activities, the teacher can help students engage their senses and directly experience how each sense functions.
• For example, the teacher could bring in different objects or samples related to each sense, such as a scented flower or perfume for the sense of smell, a bell or musical instrument for the sense of hearing, textured objects for the sense of touch, and so on. The teacher can guide the students through interactive activities where they can explore these materials and discuss the sensations they experience.
• This approach allows for a more tangible and experiential understanding of the senses, making it easier for young learners to grasp the concept.

Thus, it is concluded that Option 3 is the correct answer.

Environmental Studies (EVS) is a multidisciplinary field that focuses on developing an understanding of the environment, including its components, processes, and interactions. It involves learning about various aspects of the environment, such as ecosystems, natural resources, pollution, conservation, and sustainable development.

Key Points

• The nature of EVS is described as a lifelong, continuous learning process focused on the environment.
• EVS is not limited to a specific stage of education but extends beyond formal schooling.
• It emphasizes the importance of ongoing learning and understanding about the environment throughout one's life.
• This includes developing knowledge, skills, and attitudes to address environmental challenges, make informed decisions, and promote sustainable practices.

Therefore, a life-long continuous learning process about environment is the most suitable explanation of the nature of EVS.

For young learners in class II, it is important to engage them actively and encourage hands-on experiences to enhance their understanding.

Key Points

• Instead of asking students to read and make notes or relying solely on computer presentations or newspaper articles, using information and communication tools and drawing conclusions from their own experiences would be more effective.
• The teacher can employ interactive and age-appropriate methods such as discussions, group activities, and visual aids to introduce the concept of transport.
• Students can be encouraged to share their experiences of different modes of transport they have used, such as buses, cars, trains, or bicycles.
• The teacher can also provide additional information and examples to expand their understanding.
• This approach promotes active participation, critical thinking, and application of knowledge gained from their experiences.

Thus, it is concluded that option 3 is the most appropriate choice in this context.

EVS is a subject that focuses on developing an understanding of the environment, its components, and the interactions between humans and the environment. It encompasses topics related to ecosystems, natural resources, pollution, conservation, and sustainable development.

Key Points

• The primary goal of EVS is to create awareness and sensitivity towards the environment and environmental problems.
• It aims to equip individuals with the knowledge, skills, and values necessary to understand the impact of human activities on the environment and to promote responsible and sustainable behavior.
• It is a broader subject that involves understanding, analyzing, and addressing environmental challenges from various perspectives.

Thus, it is concluded that the statement that best exhibits the nature of EVS is EVS is awareness and sensitivity about the environment and environmental problems.

Key Points

• Prepare students for letter-writing to their grandparents:- It involves preparing students for letter-writing to their grandparents. This activity allows students to practice the skill of writing letters, apply their knowledge of letter format and structure, and establish a personal connection with the topic by communicating with their grandparents.
• Planning a visit to the local post office to experience the work of a postman can provide students with a hands-on learning experience and help them understand the process of sending and receiving letters.

Thus, it is concluded that C and D is the correct answer.

Key Points

• Children are actively connected to the world around them. This statement recognizes that children have a natural curiosity and are constantly observing, exploring, and making connections with their environment. EVS learning builds on this active engagement with the world to deepen their understanding of the environment.
• Diversity makes the teaching-learning process challenging. While diversity can present challenges in the teaching-learning process, it also brings valuable opportunities for learning and growth. The presence of diverse backgrounds, perspectives, and experiences can enrich discussions, foster critical thinking, and promote empathy and understanding among students.
• Diversity is an important resource in the teaching-learning process. This statement is true. Diversity in the classroom provides a wide range of perspectives, ideas, and experiences that can enhance learning. It allows students to learn from one another, appreciate different viewpoints, and develop intercultural competence.

Thus, it is concluded that A, C, and D are true in the context of EVS learning of children.

Hint

• Children coming from different backgrounds have similar contextual experiences. This statement is not entirely accurate. Children from different backgrounds may have varied experiences and contexts based on their cultural, social, and geographic factors. These diverse backgrounds contribute to a rich and varied classroom environment where students can learn from one another's unique perspectives and experiences.

Nature walks provide an excellent opportunity for students to engage directly with their surroundings and observe birds in their natural habitats.

Key Points

• This hands-on experience allows students to actively participate in the learning process, enhancing their understanding and appreciation of birds.
• During the nature walk, the teacher can guide students in identifying local birds, observing their behaviors, and noting their habitats. This helps students connect theoretical knowledge about birds with real-life experiences, making the learning more meaningful and memorable.

Thus, it is concluded that Use nature walk to identify local birds, their habits and habitats is the most appropriate option.

Key Points

 The processes used by Vani in her statement "Mango tree is like an open umbrella" are:

• Observation: Vani has observed the physical appearance or structure of a mango tree, noticing its resemblance to an open umbrella.
• Comparison: Vani has made a comparison between the mango tree and an open umbrella, highlighting their similarity in terms of shape or structure.
• Imagination: Vani has used her imagination to form a mental image or concept of a mango tree resembling an open umbrella.

Thus, it is concluded that A, B and D is the correct answer.

Key Points The most appropriate way to deal with the situation where students share instances of people being refused to drink water from common resources like wells, ponds, etc., during the transaction of the class III topic on 'Water' is:

• Asking students to not get distracted and focus on the topic, is important to ensure that the discussion remains relevant and aligned with the learning objectives. It helps maintain a productive learning environment.
• Asking students to share their experiences and emphasizing the values of equality, is crucial. This approach allows students to express their observations and concerns related to water access and highlights the importance of equal access to water resources for all individuals.
• Asking students to share their experiences and write an essay on 'water conservation', is a valuable activity that encourages critical thinking and reflection on the topic. It promotes deeper understanding and encourages students to consider solutions and actions for water conservation.

Therefore, A, C, and D is the most appropriate way to deal with the situation.

Hint Asking students to not share such situations in class, is not recommended as it suppresses their voices and inhibits open discussion. It is important to create a safe and inclusive classroom environment where students feel comfortable expressing their thoughts and sharing their experiences.

EVS is a subject that aims to develop students' understanding of the environment, its components, and the interrelationships between humans and the environment.

Key Points 

• By nurturing the abilities of observation, enquiry, logic, and conclusion, students can actively engage with the subject matter, explore environmental issues, gather evidence, draw logical conclusions, and develop informed perspectives.
• This objective also aligns with the broader goals of EVS, which include promoting scientific temper, fostering a sense of inquiry, and encouraging students to become environmentally conscious and responsible citizens.

Thus, it is concluded that the development of abilities of observation, enquiry, logic, and conclusion is the most crucial objective for EVS subject.

The correct answer is: The process of cooling due to evaporation is fast when the area of water surface in contact with the atmosphere increases and the humidity (water vapour) in air is low.

Key Points  

• Evaporation is a type of vaporization that refers to the process of a liquid changing into gas.
• The process of the liquid changing into vapour even below its boiling point is called evaporation.​
• The factors affecting evaporation are explained below:​

Important Points

Evaporation:

• When the area of water surface in contact with the atmosphere increases, more water molecules can evaporate and escape into the atmosphere.
• If the humidity in the air is low, the air can hold more water molecules, allowing for more water molecules to evaporate and the cooling process to occur more quickly.
• In this scenario, the low humidity level in the air allows for more efficient evaporation of water molecules from the water surface, which results in a faster cooling process.
• Conversely, high humidity levels in the air make it more difficult for water molecules to evaporate, resulting in a slower cooling process.

Explanation:

• Naag Gumphan is a type of art design in which snake or snakes are painted in different styles to create patterns.
• It is used to make paintings in the Saurashtra region of Gujarat and South India.
• Designs of this kind are used in rangoli, embroidery and as wall decoration.
• The Kalbeliya tribe practice this art.

∴ Naag gumphan is a type of design found in Gujarat.

Compost/Manure:

• Composting is a process of breaking down organic materials, such as food scraps, yard waste, and animal manure, into a nutrient-rich soil amendment.
• This process occurs naturally, but composting can be accelerated through a controlled process that provides optimal conditions for microorganisms to decompose the organic matter.
• One of the main benefits of composting is that it improves the soil structure.
• Compost helps to break up heavy clay soils, allowing water and air to penetrate more easily.
• It also helps sandy soils to retain moisture and nutrients.
• The improved soil structure makes it easier for plant roots to grow, which in turn leads to healthier plants.
• Compost also provides a slow-release source of nutrients for plants.
• As the organic matter breaks down, it releases nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
• Unlike synthetic fertilizers, which can release nutrients all at once, compost releases nutrients slowly over time, reducing the risk of nutrient leaching and runoff.
• In addition to improving soil structure and providing nutrients, composting also helps to increase the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil.
• These microorganisms help to break down organic matter, suppress plant diseases, and improve soil fertility.
• Compost also helps to promote earthworms and other beneficial soil organisms, which can further improve soil health.
• Composting also helps to reduce the need for synthetic fertilizers, which can be energy-intensive to produce and can contribute to pollution and other environmental problems.
• In conclusion, composting is an effective way to improve soil health, promote plant growth, and reduce waste.
• By creating a nutrient-rich soil amendment, composting can help to create healthy, thriving ecosystems both in our gardens and beyond.

Thus, 

A. It enhances the water-holding capacity of soil: True

B. It makes the soil non-porous to stop exchange of gasses: False

C. it increases the number of friendly microbes: True

D. It improves the texture of the soil: True

The correct answer is Jammu and Kashmir and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Key Points 

• There are currently 28 states and 8 union territories in India.
• Manipur is a northeast state in India.
• Union territories are federal territories governed directly by the Central Government of India.
• The President of India appoints an administrator or lieutenant governor for each Union Territory.
• Union Territories in India are:

1. National Capital Territory of Delhi.
2. Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.
4. Chandigarh.
5. Lakshadweep.
6. Ladakh.
7. Puducherry.
8. Jammu and Kashmir

• Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir and Puducherry were given partial statehood among 8 union territories.
• These three union territories have their own locally elected legislative assembly and government.
• Ladakh became the union territory of India on 31^st October 2019
• Ladakh is the largest union territory of India.
• Also called Little Tibet.
• Current Lieutenant Governor: Radha Krishna Mathur.
• Lakshadweep is the smallest Union Territory of India.
• Formed on 1^st November 1956.
• Adopting the official name as Lakshadweep in 1973.
• Administrator: Praful Patel
• The union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli merged into a single union territory known as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu on 26^th January 2020.

Concept:

• Maps are drawn to reduced scales.
• Scale =  actual distance on the ground/distance shown on the map.

Given:

• Scale 1 cm = 110 meters
• The distance between Fateh Darwaja and  Ibrahim Burj = 12.9 cm.

Explanation:1 cm on map = 110 meters on the ground.

• The actual distance between cities = 12.9 x 110 meters = 1419 m = 1.419 km

Thus, the actual distance between Fateh Darwaja and Ibrahim Burj is approximately 1.419 km.

Explanation:

Mount Everest is the tallest peak in the world

• Its height is 8848m (its height is increasing)
• It is located in the Greater Himalayas in Nepal
• It runs along the border of Nepal and China
• It can be accessed through Nepal as well as China
• Most of the expeditions of the Himalayas takes place from Nepal

Additional Information 

• Mt.Everest is about 60 million years old.
• Edmund Hillary was the first person to climb Mt. Everest.
• Poorna Malavath is the youngest to climb Mt. Everest.
• Bachendri Pal was the first woman to climb Mt. Everest.

Key Points 

Smog is Fog and smoke:

• Smog is a type of intense air pollution that reduces visibility.
• The term "Smog" was coined in the early 20^th century and is derived from the words smoke and fog.
• Smog is a mixture of smoke (composed of minute particles of carbon, ash, and oil, etc. from coal combustion) and fog in suspended droplet form.
• It is the most common kind of air pollution that occurs in cities throughout the world, especially during winters.

Important Points 

• There are 2 types of smog: Classical and Photochemical smog.
• Classical smog (London smog) occurs in a cool and humid climate. It is reducing in nature.
• Photochemical smog (Los Angeles smog) occurs in a sunny and dry climate. It is oxidizing in nature.
• Smog falls under the category of particulate pollutants since it is composed of very minute particles.
• Long-term exposure to smog can be harmful to human health and cause asthma and cough.

Thus, 

A. Generally formed in winter: Correct 

B. Made up of smoke and fog : Correct 

C. Causes ozone depletion: Incorrect 

D. Causes asthma and cough: Correct

Concept:

Direction is divided into 8 sections, 4 cardinal directions, and 4 ordinal directions.

• The four cardinal directions are the directions north, east, south, and west, commonly denoted by their initials N, E, S, and W.
• East and west are perpendiculars (at right angles) to north and south.
• East is in the clockwise direction of rotation from north and west is directly opposite east.
• The ordinal directions are north-east (NE), south-east (SE), south-west (SW), and north-west (NW).
• NE, SE, SW, and NW lie in between the cardinal directions north and east, south and east, south and west, and north and west respectively.

Explanation:

Thus, with respect to the location of the capital of India the direction of Jaipur (capital of Rajasthan) and Dehradun (capital of Uttarakhand) respectively are South-West and North-East respectively.

Evaporation:

• Evaporation is the conversion of liquid into its vapour, below the boiling point of the liquid.
• During evaporation, a small fraction of particles at the surface, having higher kinetic energy, is able to break away from the forces of attraction of other particles and gets converted into vapour.

Winnowing:

• ​It is the method in which heavier components of the mixture are separated from the lighter substances with the help of wind.
• This method is popularly used for separating grains from chaff.
• Winnowing usually follows threshing in grain preparation.
• it involves throwing the mixture into the air so that the wind blows away the lighter chaff, while the heavier grains fall back down for recovery.
• Techniques included using a winnowing fan (a shaped basket shaken to raise the chaff).

 

 

Magnetic separation: 

 

• It is the process of separating components of mixtures by using magnets to attract magnetic materials.
• The process that is used for magnetic separation detaches non-magnetic material with those that are magnetic.
• This technique is useful for not all, but few minerals which are strongly affected by magnetic fields.

 

Fractional distillation:

• Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts or fractions. Chemical compounds are separated by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the mixture will vaporize. It uses distillation to fractionate.
• Generally, the component parts have boiling points that differ by less than 25 °C (45 °F) from each other under the pressure of one atmosphere.
• The method of distillation is used to separate the liquids having sufficient differences in their boiling points. Liquids having different boiling points vaporise at different temperatures, the vapours are cooled and the liquids so formed are collected separately.

Thus, the separation is feasible in a primary classroom is winnowing, evaporation and magnetic separation.

Concept:

About Kalbeliya dance:

• Kalbelia or kalbeliya dance form is associated with a Rajasthani tribe of the same name.
• In Kalbelia dance, the dance movements similar to snake movements.
• It is performed by the women of Kalbeliya community.
• The costumes of kalbelia dance look somewhere similar to serpents.
• Kalbeliya dancers clothes are flowing black skirts mixed in red and black hues and embroidered in unique patterns.
• Kalbeliya dance has a traditional musical instrument known as Poongi.
• Kalbeliya dance was included in UNESCO’s list of the Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2010.

Explanation:

• The Kalbelia dance is usually performed on the music of a been party.
• The been party consists of been, tumba, khanjiri and dhol.
• Except for dhol all the other three instruments are made from a dried gourd (lauki).​

 

Thus, a been party consists of been, tumba, khanjiri and dhol.

Additional Information 

About Kalbeliya tribe: 

• In ancient times, kalbelia community changed its location frequently.
• This community is found in a large number in the Pali district.
• Catching snakes and trading snake venoms are the traditional occupations of the kalbelia community.
• The cobras are carried in a traditional cane basket by men in old times.
• They consider snakes as their friends and gift each other snakes on special occasions.
• There is a negative impact on the occupation of the kalbelia community after the passing of the wildlife protection act 1972.