Environmental Studies PYQs

The correct answer is decreases and the amount of moisture in air (humidity) is high.

Key Points

• When the wind speed decreases, the rate of evaporation also decreases, leading to slower cooling.
• High humidity means that the air already contains a high amount of moisture, which reduces the rate of evaporation and slows down the cooling process.
• When both wind speed and humidity are low, the air is relatively dry and has a higher capacity to absorb moisture, leading to a faster rate of evaporation and cooling.

Additional Information

• Wind speed is a crucial factor in the rate of evaporation as it helps to remove the moisture-saturated air from the surface, allowing more dry air to come into contact with the surface and absorb moisture.
• Humidity is the amount of moisture present in the air, and it affects the rate of evaporation by determining how much moisture the air can still absorb.
• Other factors that affect the rate of evaporation include temperature, surface area, and the type of liquid or material being evaporated.
• Understanding the factors that affect evaporation is essential in various fields such as meteorology, agriculture, and manufacturing, where controlling the rate of evaporation is critical to achieving desired outcomes.

The correct answer is Delhi, Lakshadweep.

Key Points

• Union Territories are the regions which are directly governed by the central government of India.
• There are eight Union Territories in India.
• Goa and Puducherry are not a pair of Union Territories, as Goa is a state and Puducherry is a Union Territory.
• Mizoram is a state in the northeastern region of India, whereas Ladakh is a Union Territory in the northernmost region of India.
• Nagaland is a state in the northeastern region of India, whereas Jammu and Kashmir is a Union Territory in the northernmost region of India.
• Delhi and Lakshadweep are the only pair of Union Territories in India.

Additional Information

• Goa is a state located on the western coast of India, famous for its beaches, nightlife, and Portuguese heritage.
• Puducherry, also known as Pondicherry, is a Union Territory located on the eastern coast of India, famous for its French colonial heritage, beaches, and spiritual centers.
• Mizoram is a state located in the northeastern region of India, famous for its natural beauty and cultural diversity.
• Ladakh is a Union Territory located in the northernmost region of India, famous for its scenic beauty, Buddhist culture, and adventure tourism.
• Nagaland is a state located in the northeastern region of India, famous for its tribal culture, natural beauty, and adventure tourism.
• Jammu and Kashmir is a Union Territory located in the northernmost region of India, famous for its scenic beauty, cultural heritage, and adventure tourism.

The correct answer is Full moon.

Key Points

• Lunar eclipses occur at the full moon phase.
• When Earth is precisely positioned between the Moon and the Sun, Earth's shadow falls on the Moon's surface, dimming it and sometimes turning it a striking red over a few hours.

Additional Information

• Crescent moon is when less than half of the moon is illuminated by the sun.
• Quarter moon is when half of the moon is illuminated by the sun and the other half is in shadow.
• New moon is when the moon is between the sun and the Earth, and the side facing the Earth is not illuminated.

The correct answer is Bavdis.

Key Points

• The question is asking about the origin of a particular practice of rainwater harvesting in Rajasthan.
• The correct answer is option 3, Bavdis.
• Rainwater harvesting is an important practice in Rajasthan, which is a dry and arid region with limited water resources.
• Bavdis are traditional stepwells that were used for rainwater harvesting in Rajasthan.
• They were built by digging deep into the ground and creating a series of steps that led to the water source.
• Bavdis were used to collect and store rainwater during the monsoon season, which could then be used throughout the year for drinking, washing, and irrigation.
• Guls and Kuls are also traditional water harvesting systems.
• But they originated in other regions of India, such as Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh.
• Guls are small canals that divert water from streams and rivers, while Kuls are underground channels that transport water from mountain springs.
• Naulas are another type of traditional water harvesting system that originated in the Himalayan region of India.
• They are natural springs that have been channelized to collect and store water.

Additional Information

• Guls and Kuls are more commonly found in the northern regions of India, while Bavdis and Naulas are more prevalent in the western and Himalayan regions.
• All of these traditional water harvesting systems are still in use today, although many have fallen into disrepair due to neglect and lack of maintenance.
• Rainwater harvesting is becoming increasingly important in India, as climate change and urbanization put pressure on the country's water resources.
• Many modern rainwater harvesting systems have been developed to supplement these traditional methods.

The correct answer is South-East and South.

Key Points

• The question is related to the location of capital cities in India.
• Option 1 is the correct answer - Bhubaneshwar is located in the South-East direction from Delhi and Bangaluru is located in the South direction.
• Bhubaneshwar is located in the state of Odisha.
• It is known for its ancient temples and architecture.
• Bangaluru is located in the state of Karnataka and is known as the IT hub of India.
• Delhi is the capital of India and is located in the northern part of the country.
• Option 2 is incorrect as Bhubaneshwar is not located in the South-West direction from Delhi.
• Option 3 is incorrect as Bhubaneshwar is not located in the North-West direction from Delhi.
• Option 4 is incorrect as Bhubaneshwar is not located in the North-East direction from Delhi.

Additional Information

• Option 2 mentions South-West and South-East directions.
• While South-East is correct for Bhubaneshwar, South-West is not a valid direction for Bangaluru.
• Option 3 mentions South-East and North-West directions.
• While South-East is correct for Bhubaneshwar, North-West is not a valid direction for Bangaluru.
• Option 4 mentions North-East and South directions.
• While South is correct for Bangaluru, North-East is not a valid direction for Bhubaneshwar.

Shahmir is trying to develop observation and analysis skills in students.

Key Points

• Observation: Shahmir asks the students to see how many men and women are working and the type of work they are doing, which requires careful observation of the painting and its details.
• Analysis: By asking the students to analyze the painting and identify the different tasks performed by men and women, Shahmir is encouraging them to critically examine the artwork and draw meaningful conclusions based on their observations.
• Shahmir's approach helps students develop their ability to observe details and analyze visual information, which are valuable skills in understanding art, history, and various other subjects.

Thus, it is concluded that A and B is the correct answer.

Child marriage is a serious issue that can have significant negative consequences for the young girls involved, including health risks, limited access to education, and an impact on their overall well-being. To address this problem, it is essential to involve local authorities and community leaders.

Key Points

Invite village community to a school play showing drawbacks of child marriage: This option takes a community-based, awareness-building approach.

• Organizing a school play to showcase the drawbacks of child marriage can be a powerful tool for education and initiating conversations within the community.
• It addresses the issue at a broader level by encouraging a shift in social norms and attitudes.
• It considered the most suitable because it not only raises awareness but also engages the community in a non-confrontational manner.
• By using a creative medium like a school play, Aparna can effectively convey the negative consequences of child marriage and potentially influence community perspectives.

In summary, addressing child marriage requires a community-centric, culturally sensitive approach that aims to change societal attitudes. Option 4 aligns with this approach, making it a more suitable choice in the given context.

Hint

• Talking to the parents alone might not always be effective, as child marriage could be deeply ingrained in cultural norms and traditions in the village.
• Contact village panchayat representative and prevent marriage: In many Indian villages, the panchayat plays a significant role in community matters. Involving them can be more culturally sensitive than directly involving the police. However, the effectiveness depends on the attitudes and practices of the specific panchayat.
• Informing the police can be considered as a last resort if other efforts fail, as child marriage is illegal in many countries, including India. However, it is generally better to address the issue through community involvement and awareness first, as involving the police can sometimes have unintended consequences.

Environmental Studies (EVS) is a subject that encourages active learning, exploration, and engagement with the environment and the world around us. It is essential to use methods that promote experiential learning and critical thinking to understand the complexities of environmental issues.

Key Points

• Experimentation: Encouraging students to conduct experiments and hands-on activities allows them to observe and understand various environmental phenomena and concepts.
• Story-telling: Story-telling can be an effective way to engage students, convey environmental messages, and create an emotional connection to environmental issues.
• Guided inquiry: Guided inquiry involves posing questions to students and guiding them through the process of finding answers and solutions. It fosters critical thinking and encourages students to explore environmental topics in-depth.
• Discussions: Open discussions provide opportunities for students to share their perspectives, exchange ideas, and develop a deeper understanding of environmental challenges and solutions.

Thus, it is concluded that instructions through lecture is not an appropriate approach to teach EVS.

Environmental Studies is a subject that encourages active learning, exploration, and engagement with the environment and the world around us.

 Key Points

These approaches address the individual learning needs of the student and can significantly enhance their understanding and learning experience in EVS.

• Make a Mixed Peer Group while Learning: Creating a mixed peer group involves grouping students with different levels of understanding and abilities together. When students work in groups, they can learn from each other. Those who have a better grasp of the topic can help explain concepts to their peers, reinforcing their own understanding in the process.​
• Break the tasks into parts and teach the parts separately: Breaking down complex topics into smaller, more manageable parts can make it easier for the student to grasp the content gradually. By teaching the concepts step-by-step, the student can build a solid foundation and better understand the overall topic.

Thus, it is concluded that A and B is the correct answer.

The objectives of teaching Environmental Studies (EVS) can vary based on the specific goals of the curriculum or the educators.

 Key Points

• The most important objective of EVS teaching at the primary level is to help children develop conceptual understanding of the world around them.
• EVS encourages children to observe, explore, question, and construct meaning, which strengthens concept formation rather than memorization.
• NCERT EVS curriculum (Classes III–V) highlights “understanding” as the core purpose, where learning is built through experiences, discussion, and exploration.

Hint

• Developing conceptual knowledge - Knowledge is limited to facts; EVS goes beyond facts to help students understand concepts.
• Developing procedural knowledge - Procedural skills like “how to do” are important, but they are not the primary objective in EVS at the primary stage.
• Developing higher-order thinking skills - HOTS develop gradually, but at the primary level, the emphasis is first on building basic conceptual understanding.

Thus, it is concluded that the most important objective of Environmental Studies (EVS) teaching is developing conceptual understanding.

Learning indicators of EVS are specific observable behaviors or outcomes that demonstrate a student's understanding and knowledge of environmental concepts and their ability to apply them.

 Key Points

• Observation and reporting are crucial skills in EVS learning as they involve students actively engaging with their environment, making detailed observations, and reporting their findings.
• Through observation, students can gather firsthand information about various environmental phenomena, natural resources, ecosystems, and human interactions with the environment.
• By reporting their observations, they develop the ability to communicate their understanding, which is an essential aspect of learning and sharing knowledge in EVS.

Thus, it is concluded that Observation and reporting represents the learning indicators of EVS learning.

Key Points

The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 1975 proposed that Environmental Studies be taught as a single, integrated subject for the entire primary stage.

• This meant that in classes I and II, both the natural and social environment would be covered under one subject.
• However, in classes III to V, the curriculum would be divided into separate portions for social studies and general science, labeled as Part I and Part II, respectively.

Additional Information

Here's a breakdown of the recommendations for Environmental Studies across different NCFs:

• NCF 1988: Similar to NCF 1975, it recommended Environmental Studies as a single subject for the primary stage, but with increased emphasis on environmental awareness and conservation.
• NCF 2000: This framework advocated for Environmental Studies to remain an integrated subject for the entire primary stage, highlighting the interconnectedness of natural and social environments.
• NCF 2005: This current framework reiterates the recommendation of NCF 2000, emphasizing the importance of integrated Environmental Studies throughout the primary stage.

Therefore, NCF 1975 stands out as the framework that proposed the specific division of Environmental Studies into separate portions for social studies and general science in classes III to V.

The given scenario describes a classic example of classical conditioning, which is a type of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus to produce a specific response.

Key Points

• In this case, the interval bell ringing (neutral stimulus) has become associated with the expectation of the mid-day meal (meaningful stimulus), which leads to joyful anticipation and salivating response (unconditioned response) in the children.
• Over time, the bell ringing becomes a conditioned stimulus that triggers the conditioned response of joy and mouthwatering, even without the actual meal being served yet.
• Classical conditioning was famously studied by Ivan Pavlov, and it is a fundamental form of learning that helps individuals and animals associate stimuli with certain responses based on previous experiences.

Thus, it is concluded that Classical conditioning is the correct answer.

Hint

• Observational learning involves learning by observing and imitating others.
• Operant conditioning involves learning through reinforcement and punishment, where behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on their consequences.
• Instrumental conditioning is another term for operant conditioning, emphasizing the use of behaviors as instruments to produce specific outcomes.

In Environmental Studies (EVS), teaching methods play a crucial role in enhancing students' understanding of the natural world. The chapter "Super senses" in class V focuses on the diverse ways animals, specifically birds, use their senses. When it comes to teaching about birds' warning calls, selecting an effective approach is important to engage students and facilitate a meaningful learning experience.

Key Points

​Taking students to a field visit and listening to calls by birds

• This approach is considered the most suitable as it provides a direct, experiential learning opportunity.
• Taking students to a field visit allows them to observe birds in their natural habitat and listen to their warning calls firsthand.
• This real-life experience deepens understanding and makes the learning process more memorable and authentic.

Additional Information

• Imitating different calls by teachers: While teachers can bring enthusiasm and engagement to the classroom, imitating bird calls might not provide an authentic representation. It could be challenging for teachers to accurately imitate various bird calls, and students may benefit more from experiencing the actual sounds in nature.
• Imitating different calls by students: This option involves student participation, which is generally positive. However, imitating bird calls might not be as effective as experiencing them in their natural context. Students might struggle to accurately mimic the sounds, and the focus may shift from understanding the purpose of warning calls to imitating the sounds themselves.
• Asking students to identify recorded calls: This option involves listening to recorded bird calls, which can be informative. However, it lacks the direct experience of being in the field and might not fully capture the nuances and context of the birds' behavior. Field visits provide a more holistic understanding of the environment.

In conclusion, option 4 stands out as the most suitable approach because it aligns with the experiential nature of Environmental Studies and allows students to directly engage with the subject matter in its natural setting.

School-based assessment (SBA) is an educational assessment approach that involves evaluating students' learning progress and achievements within the school setting.

 Key Points

• It is learner-centred: School Based Assessment (SBA) places the focus on the learner's progress, development, and individual needs. It emphasizes understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each student, tailoring instruction to their learning styles, and providing feedback to promote growth and improvement.
• It is diagnostic in nature: SBA is designed to diagnose students' learning progress, understanding, and challenges. It helps identify areas where students need additional support and allows teachers to adapt their instructional strategies accordingly. The diagnostic nature of SBA aims to enhance learning outcomes by addressing individual learning needs.

Thus, it is concluded that A and C is the correct answer.

Hint

• SBA is not teacher-centred; rather, it revolves around the learner's needs, progress, and achievements. The teacher's role is to facilitate and support the learning process.
• Its focus is on the evaluation of achievement: While SBA involves assessment and evaluation, its primary focus is on assessing student learning progress and diagnosing areas for improvement. It is not solely focused on the final achievement or grades but aims to promote continuous improvement and personalized learning experiences.

A unit plan is a comprehensive and detailed outline of instructional activities and assessments that a teacher designs to teach a particular topic or theme over a defined period, usually lasting for several weeks.

 Key Points

• A unit plan is a detailed plan that focuses on a specific subject matter or topic, which is a cohesive whole.
• It is designed to cover a particular theme or concept in-depth, often spanning multiple lessons or instructional periods.
• A unit plan can vary in the number of lessons it covers, and it is not limited to planning for more than 10 lessons.

Some unit plans may consist of just a few lessons, while others may extend to several weeks or even months, depending on the depth and complexity of the subject matter.

• While a unit plan does include an overview of the learning activities for the entire unit, it is not necessary to provide detailed activities for each individual lesson plan within the unit.
• It is a short-term plan that concentrates on a particular topic or concept within a subject area, aiming to achieve specific learning outcomes over a shorter time frame.

Thus, it is concluded that It is planning for a subject matter which is a cohesive whole is applicable for unit plan.

An integral component of Environmental Education at the primary level is children's environment.

 Key Points

• Environmental Education aims to help children understand and connect with their immediate surroundings and natural environment. It involves learning about the local environment, ecosystems, natural resources, and the impact of human activities on the environment.
• By engaging with and exploring their own environment, children can develop a sense of environmental awareness, responsibility, and appreciation for the world around them. It encourages them to be observant of their surroundings, recognize environmental issues, and participate in efforts to protect and preserve the environment.

Thus, it is concluded that children's environment is the correct answer.

Key PointsAccording to NCF 2005, the objectives of teaching Environmental Studies (EVS) at the primary level are:

• To develop an awareness about environmental issues: EVS aims to sensitize children to the importance of environmental conservation and sustainability. It focuses on developing an awareness of various environmental issues and the role that individuals can play in protecting the environment.
• To nurture the curiosity and creativity of the child, particularly in relation to the natural environment: EVS encourages children to explore and interact with the natural environment. It fosters curiosity about the world around them and promotes creativity in understanding and appreciating the natural world.
• To enhance children's learning capabilities by providing concrete learning experiences: EVS utilizes concrete learning experiences that are connected to the child's immediate environment. These experiences enhance the child's learning capabilities and understanding of various concepts related to the environment, society, and their interconnections.

Thus, it is concluded that A, B and C is the correct answer.

The discussion method is a teaching and learning technique that involves interactive and collaborative conversations between the teacher and students or among students themselves.

Key Points

• Involving interchange of ideas among peers: The discussion method involves active participation and interaction among students. It encourages students to share their ideas, opinions, and perspectives on a particular topic or issue. Through discussions, students learn from each other, exchange viewpoints, and engage in meaningful dialogue.
• Enhancing self-confidence in students: The discussion method provides opportunities for students to express themselves in a supportive and collaborative environment. As students engage in discussions, they develop self-confidence in articulating their thoughts and viewpoints. This can lead to improved communication skills and a greater sense of self-assurance.

Thus, it is concluded that C and D are the characteristics of discussion method.

The theme "Relationships" in EVS often involves exploring various relationships between living organisms, between humans and the environment, and between individuals and society.

Key Points Role play is a suitable method:

• Active learning: Role play allows students to actively participate and engage in the learning process. Through role play, they can step into different roles and perspectives, which helps them better understand and empathize with different relationships.
• Real-life connections: Role play provides opportunities to simulate real-life situations and relationships, making the learning experience more relatable and meaningful for students.
• Empathy development: By acting out different roles, students can develop empathy and a deeper understanding of how relationships impact individuals and communities.

Thus, it is concluded that Role play would be suitable for transacting the theme "Relationships" in EVS class.