CDS English 8 Nov 2020 Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is a contestation of the then-existing dominant western practices.

Key Points

• Let's have a look at the 1^st sentence from the given paragraph:-
• "Post-colonial cultural analysis has been concerned with the elaboration of theoretical structures that contest the previous dominant western ways of seeing things."
• ​​Upon perusal of the above statement, it can be concluded that Post colonialism is a contestation of the then existing dominant western practices.

The correct answer is women were not given any right equal to men​.

Key Points

• Let's have a look at the 3^rd, 4^th and 5^th sentence from the given paragraph:-
• "The woman was there, but she was always an object, never a subject. From what you would read, or the films you would see, the woman was always the one who was looked at. She was never the observing eye."
• ​​Upon perusal of the above statement, it can be concluded that the quoted phrase in the question signifies that women were not accorded any right equal to men​.

The correct answer is Women were assumed to be less intelligent than men​.

Key Points

• Let's have a look at the 6^th sentence from the given paragraph:-
• "For centuries it was assumed that women were less intelligent than men and that they did not merit the same degree of education."
• ​​Upon perusal of the above statement, it can be concluded that women were never the observing eye as they were assumed to be less intelligent than men.

The correct answer is participation of women in social relations, politics, law, medicine, the arts, popular and academic knowledge​.

Key Points

• Let's have a look at the last two sentences from the given paragraph:-
• "Slowly, but increasingly, from the end of 18^th century, feminists began to contest this situation. The more they contested it, the more it became increasingly obvious that these attitudes extended into the whole of the culture; social relations, politics, law, medicine, the arts, popular and academic knowledge."
• ​​Upon perusal of the above statement, it can be concluded that the contestation to the dominance of the male resulted in the participation of women in social relations, politics, law, medicine, the arts, popular and academic knowledge​.

The correct answer is Analogy.

Key Points

• Let's have a look at the word given below:

• Contrast- the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

• Analogy- a thing which is comparable to something else in significant respects

• ​​Upon perusal of the above explanation, it can be concluded that the term 'Analogy' is an antonym of 'Contrast'.

• ​Let's look at the other words as well:

• Contestation- a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement

• Trivial- (informal) small and of little importance

• Discredited- to cause to be distrusted or disbelieved

The correct answer is The extraordinary diversity of habitats makes it amazing​.

Key Points

• Let's have a look at the 1^st three sentences from the 1^st paragraph:-
• "How wonderful is the living world! The wide range of the living types is amazing. The extraordinary habitats in which we find living organisms, be it cold mountains, deciduous forests, oceans, freshwater lakes, deserts or hot springs, leave us speechless.**"
• ​​Upon perusal of the above statement, it can be concluded that the extraordinary diversity of habitats makes the living types amazing.

The correct answer is Because living organisms sometimes fight and sometimes live together​.

Key Points

• Let's have a look at the 4^th sentence from the 1^st paragraph:-
• "The ecological conflict and cooperation among members of a population and among populations of a community or even a molecular traffic inside a cell make us deeply reflect on - what indeed is life?**"
• ​​Upon perusal of the above statement, it can be concluded that the author used the phrase 'ecological conflict and cooperation' as living organisms sometimes fight and sometimes live together​.

The correct answer is Meaning of life could be reflected as to what living is as opposed to the non-living and what the purpose of life is​.

Key Points

• Let's have a look at the 5^th, 6^th and 7^th sentence from the 1^st paragraph:-
• "The ecological conflict and cooperation among members of a population and among populations of a community or even molecular traffic inside a cell make us deeply reflect on - what indeed is life? This question has two implicit questions within it. The first is a technical one and seeks an answer to what living is as opposed to the non-living, and the second is the philosophical one, and seeks an answer to what the purpose of life is."
• ​​Upon perusal of the above statement, it can be concluded that the statement given in the 1^st option is true as per the given passage.

The correct answer is they are living organisms.

Key Points

• Let's have a look at the 2^nd sentence from the 2^nd paragraph:-
• "When we try to define ‘living’, we conventionally look for distinctive characteristics exhibited by living organisms."
• ​​Upon perusal of the above statement, it can be concluded that Distinctive characteristics exhibited by organisms indicate that they are living organisms.

The correct answer is distinctive.

Key Points

• Let's have a look at the word given below:
• unique- radically distinctive and without equal
• distinctive- of a feature that helps to distinguish a person or thing
• ​​​Upon perusal of the above explanation, it can be concluded that the term 'common' is an antonym of 'unique'.
• ​Let's look at the other words as well:
• common- occurring, found, or done often; prevalent
• characteristics- a prominent attribute or aspect of something
• general- applying to all or most members of a category or group

The correct answer is '(b)'​​.

Key Points

• ​​The phrase 'one of the' is always followed by a plural noun and a singular verb.
• Examples:
• One of my friend is a dancer.

• One of my friends is a dancer.

• Since one person is being selected out of many, 'members​' will be used instead of 'member' in part (b) of the given question.
• Therefore, option 2 is the correct answer. 

Correct Sentence: He has been one of the most revered members of the committee of enquiry.

Additional Information

• ​Exception case while using the phrase 'one of the':
• If a subject and a verb are joined by a relative pronoun, the verb will agree with the antecedent to the relative pronoun.
• Example:
• He is one of those men who trust everybody with whom he socializes.

Hinglish

• 'One of the' के बाद हमेशा plural noun और singular verb होती है।
• उदाहरण:
• One of my friend is a dancer.

• One of my friends is a dancer.

• चूँकि अनेकों में से एक व्यक्ति का चयन किया जा रहा है, इसलिए दिए गए प्रश्न के part (b) में 'member' के स्थान पर 'members' का प्रयोग किया जाएगा।
• अतः option 2 सही उत्तर है।​

The correct answer is (c).

Key Points

• To-infinitive is the 'to + the base form of the verb', e.g., to sing, to dance, etc.
• There are certain verbs that are used in a particular pattern given below:
• Subject + verb + noun/pronoun + to-infinitive.
• Some of the verbs are given below:
• ask, tell, advise, encourage, urge, wish, intend, invite, help, allow, hate, permit, etc.
• Example:
• ​I urge you helping me solve this problem.

• ​I urge you to help me solve this problem.

• Since 'to infinitive' has been used in part (c) of the sentence, 'join' will be used instead of 'joining' in the given part.

Correct Sentence: Rahul asked me whether I was interested to join the group for the trip.

​

Additional Information

• There are certain verbs that are used in a particular pattern given below:
• Subject + verb + present participle(-ing form of verb)
• Some of the verbs are given below:
• hate, stop, finish, enjoy, prefer, keep, rest, worth, propose, regret, etc.
• ​Example:
• He hates working out early in the morning.

The correct answer is (b).

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given definition:
• Proverb- a short, well-known pithy saying, stating a general truth or piece of advice
• A proverb/idiom is used the way it is i.e. without any alterations.
• Let's look at the correct form of the given proverb given below:
• Where there's a will, there's a way- used to say that if someone has the desire and determination to do something, he or she can find a method for accomplishing it
• Hence according to the proverb given above, the adverb 'then' will be removed from part (b) of the sentence.

Correct sentence: 'Where there is a will there is a way' is an old epithet.

The correct answer is "reached full maturity in the early twentieth century".

Key Points 

• The problem with this sentence is that it's trying to express two separate but related ideas, but it's doing so without properly connecting them, leading to a fragmented sentence.
• The first idea is that "Indian feminism grew out of the women’s movements of the late nineteenth century." This is a complete thought, with a subject "Indian feminism," a verb "grew," and an object "women’s movements of the late nineteenth century."
• The second idea is that (it) "reached full maturity in the early twentieth century." While this shares the same subject with the first part (implied 'it' referring to 'Indian feminism'), there is not a proper connector or conjunction between these two separate ideas, making the sentence structurally incorrect.
• The correct way to write the sentence would be: "Indian feminism grew out of the women’s movements of the late nineteenth century and reached full maturity in the early twentieth century."
• Adding 'and' before 'reached' provides that connector and makes a comprehensive statement covering both ideas.

Hence, the correct answer is 'option 3'.

The correct answer is (c)​.

Key Points

• ​An auxiliary verb is a verb that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it occurs, so as to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc.
• A modal or a modal auxiliary is a word such as 'can' or 'would' which is used with the main verb (the 1^st form of the verb) to express ideas such as possibility, intention, or necessity.
• Example:
• I have taken my breakfast. (have- auxiliary verb)
• One should obey one's elders. (should- modal)
• In the given condition, the verb 'pursues' will be replaced by the verb 'pursue' as per the rule given above.

Correct Sentence: The greatest merit of democracy is that everyone feels free and can pursue his/her interest.

​

Additional Information

• If should is used after lest, it indicates a negative purpose.
• Example:
• Hurry up lest you should miss the bus.

The correct answer is (c).

Key Points

• ​In a sentence, the verb is used according to person and number.
• In the case of the following words, the verbs used will be singular:
• Each, every/everyone, someone/somebody, none/ nobody, one, no one, any, many a, more than one, etc.​​
• Example:
• Everyone are addicted to smartphones nowadays.

• Everyone is addicted to smartphones nowadays.

• The usage of the determiner 'every' suggests that the noun will also be singular i.e. aspect in the part (c) of the sentence.

Correct Sentence: All stakeholders of education have the right to ask for accountability in every aspect of its implementation.

The correct answer is (b).

Key Points

• There are some uncountable nouns (followed by a singular verb) which don't take the articles 'a/an', many, few, and plural form:​
• Furniture, scenery, luggage, temper, hair, knowledge, equipment, pottery, music, jewelry, etc.​
• Example:
• ​The sceneries at my friend's house enchanted me.

• The scenery at my friend's house enchanted me.

• As 'harmony' is an uncountable noun (when it means a situation in which people are peaceful and agree with each other), 'harmony' will be used instead of 'harmonies' in the part given in the 2^nd option.
• The plural form 'harmonies' is used in the context of a pleasant musical sound made by different notes being played or sung at the same time.
• Example: She played the tune on the flute and I did some harmonies on the piano.

Correct sentence: Learning many languages promotes linguistic, cultural and social harmony among people speaking different languages.

Additional Information

• The nouns given below seem plural in form but in actuality are singular:
• ​news, billiards, summons, physics, measles, innings, etc.
• Example: 
• ​Physics is an interesting subject.

The correct answer is (c)​.

Key Points

• ​There are some fixed prepositional phrases given below:
• ​by dint of, in a public place, come in contact with something, by the dozen, owing to, on a trip, for a change, etc.
• Example:
• Smoking in some specific public places is prohibited.
• Thus the preposition 'on' in part (c) of the sentence will be replaced by 'in' as per the phrases given above.

Correct Sentence: One should not act according to one’s whims and fancies in public places.

The correct answer is (c)​​.

Key Points ​

• There are some verbs/nouns/adjectives which are followed by fixed preposition given below:
• ​Exonerate from, divide into, liberalization of, interested in, inured to, accused of, a predilection for, a respite from, vexed at, etc.
• Example:
• Airlines took advantage of the opportunities offered by the liberalization of transatlantic aviation.
• According to the rule and the example given above, 'of​' will be used instead of 'to' in the part (c) of the sentence.
• This phrase 'liberalization' means the practice of making laws, systems, or opinions less severe.

Correct Sentence: Economists believe that India had taken a new turn in 1990 with the liberalization of her economy.

The correct answer is Q, S, P, R​.

Key Points

• While arranging the parts of the passage, we should find some grammatical or contextual connections between them-

• Sentence Q starts with the topic 'Evolutionary Biology'. Hence it will be put in the first place.

• Sentence S further tells us about the segment it is concerned with. It will be put in second place.

• Sentence P initiates the purpose of evolutionary biology. Hence it will be the 3^rd sentence.

• The last sentence is R as it provides the concluding part.

• Thus, the correct order is- Evolutionary Biology is the study of the history of life forms on earth.

The correct answer is Q, P, S, R​.

Key Points

• While arranging the parts of the passage, we should find some grammatical or contextual connections between them-

• Sentence Q starts with the topic 'The origin'. Hence it will be put in the first place.

• Sentence P further tells us about the segment the origin (of life) is concerned with. It will be put in second place.

• Sentence S further tells about the above-mentioned event being a distinctive one. Hence it will be the 3^rd sentence.

• The last sentence is R as it provides the concluding part.

• Thus, the correct order is- The origin of life is considered a unique event in the history of universe.

The correct answer is Q, P, S, R​.

Key Points

• While arranging the parts of the passage, we should find some grammatical or contextual connections between them-

• Sentence Q starts with the interrogative tone regarding one's management skills. Hence it will be put in the first place.

• Sentence P further tells us about the segment in which the above-mentioned skills are required. It will be put in second place.

• Sentence S initiates the purpose of managing productive resources. Hence it will be the 3^rd sentence.

• The last sentence is R as it provides the concluding part.

• Thus, the correct order is- How we manage productive resources is critical to strategic growth and competitiveness.

The correct answer is Q, P, S, R​​​.

Key Points

• While arranging the parts of the passage, we should find some grammatical or contextual connections between them-

• The given sentence follows the assertive sentence structure.

• Now the sentence must begin with the part starting with the noun or the pronoun ('Operations strategy' in this case).

• Hence the sentence must begin with part Q.

• The given structure is followed only in the 2^nd option.

• The rest of the alternatives start with a preposition. Hence they are eliminated.

• Thus, the correct order is- Operations strategy in service firms is generally inseparable from the corporate strategy.

The correct answer is S, P, Q, R​.

Key Points

• While arranging the parts of the passage, we should find some grammatical or contextual connections between them-

• Sentence S starts with the topic 'Indian people'. Hence it will be put in the first place.

• Sentence P further tells us about the activity that the people are following. It will be put in second place.

• Sentence Q initiates a recently concluded survey. Hence it will be the 3^rd sentence.

• The last sentence is R as it provides the concluding part of the above-mentioned survey.

• Thus, the correct order is- Even as more and more Indians are travelling, a recent survey has revealed that they are worried about their safety.

The correct answer is Q, P, S, R​.

Key Points

• While arranging the parts of the passage, we should find some grammatical or contextual connections between them-

• Sentence Q starts with the topic 'Stories'. Hence it will be put in the first place.

• Sentence P further tells us about the effect that the stories have on the children. It will be put in second place.

• Sentence S initiates the reason behind the stories being quite effective. Hence it will be the 3^rd sentence.

• The last sentence is R as it provides the concluding part.

• Thus, the correct order is- Stories can exercise the imagination of children because they tell more than the stories.

The correct answer is option (1) i.e. S, P, R, Q​​​.

Key Points

• While arranging the parts of the passage, we should find some grammatical or contextual connections between them-
• The given sentence follows the assertive sentence structure.
• Now the sentence must begin with the part starting with the noun or the pronoun ('History' in this case).
• Hence the sentence must begin with part S.
• The given structure is followed only in the 1^st option.

Thus, the correct order is-  "History is considered as a record of the achievements, experiments and suffering of humans." 

The correct answer is Q, S, P, R​​​.

Key Points

• While arranging the parts of the passage, we should find some grammatical or contextual connections between them-

• The given sentence follows the assertive sentence structure.

• Now the sentence must begin with the part starting with the noun or the pronoun ('It' in this case).

• Hence the sentence must begin with part Q.

• The 2^nd part must be S as it introduces another/complementary clause with the conjunction 'that'.

• The given structure is followed only in the 1^st option.

• Thus, the correct order is-  It appears that all that can be invented has been invented.

The correct answer is S, R, Q, P​.

Key Points

• While arranging the parts of the passage, we should find some grammatical or contextual connections between them-

• Part S starts with the topic 'Indian cinema'. Hence it will be put in the first place.

• Part R further initiates the statement of what the cinema reflects. It will be put in second place.

• Part Q concludes the above-mentioned statement regarding Indian cinema. Hence it will be the 3^rd sentence.

• The last part is P as it provides the concluding part.

• Thus, the correct order is- Indian cinema stands as a testimony of Indian social, political and cultural life during the last century.

The correct answer is R, Q, P, S​.

Key Points

• While arranging the parts of the passage, we should find some grammatical or contextual connections between them-

• Sentence R starts with the topic 'The search for truth'. Hence it will be put in the first place.

• Sentence Q further presents the above-mentioned search as the start of something. It will be put in second place.

• Sentence P initiates the purpose of the search for truth. Hence it will be the 3^rd sentence.

• The last sentence is S as it provides the concluding part.

• Thus, the correct order is- An exploration into truth should be the beginning of all searches for knowledge and experiments of life.

The correct answer is Feel anxious​.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:
• Get the jitters- to experience a temporary state of nervous anxiety or anticipation
• Example: 
• Lo Jill always gets the jitters before exams.
• ​Thus from the explanation given above, we find that the 1^st option is the correct choice.

The correct answer is Absent from work without asking for permission​​.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:
• French leave- without permission; go away without telling anyone
• Example: 
• I think I might take French leave this afternoon and go to the cinema.​
• ​Thus from the explanation given above, we find that the 4^th option is the correct choice.

 ​​​​

Additional Information  

• Let's look at the origin of the idiom:
• This expression stems from the custom prevalent in 18^th-century France of leaving a reception or entertainment without saying goodbye to your host or hostess.

The correct answer is To publicly express an opinion about something​.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:
• Take a stand- to publicly assert one's unyielding support of, defense of, or opposition to something
• Example: 
• She was more than willing to take a stand on abortion rights​
• ​Thus from the explanation given above, we find that the 1^st option is the correct choice.

 ​​​​

Additional Information  

• Let's look at the origin of the idiom:
• This idiom alludes to the military sense of stand, "hold one's ground against an enemy."

The correct answer is To avoid a difficult situation by leaving suddenly​.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:

• Cut and run- stop a particular activity for the rest of the day

• Example: 

• The robbers tried to cut and run when they heard the approaching sirens.

• ​Thus from the explanation given above, we find that the 1^st option is the correct choice.

 ​​​​

Additional Information  

• Let's look at the origin of the idiom:
• In the past, ships' anchors were attached to ropes. If a warship was attacked, rather than causing delay by pulling up the anchor, the sailors would sometimes cut the rope.

The correct answer is To stop needing someone else to look after you and start acting independently​.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:
• Cut the cord- cease to rely on someone or something influential or supportive and begin to act independently
• Example: 
• In order to achieve true independence, developing countries must cut the cord and stop asking for financial aid from the developed countries.
• ​Thus from the explanation given above, we find that the 2^nd option is the correct choice.

 ​​​​

Additional Information  

• Let's look at the origin of the idiom:
• This phrase is the shortened version of 'cut the umbilical cord'. An unborn baby's umbilical cord is the tube connecting it to its mother, through which it receives oxygen and nutrients.

The correct answer is Loving someone to get something from the person.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:

• Cupboard love- refers to an affection that is given purely to gain something from someone

• Example: 

• Ever since I won the lottery, I worry that any woman who expresses a romantic interest in me will just be a case of cupboard love.

• ​Thus from the explanation given above, we find that the 1^st option is the correct choice.

 ​​​​

Additional Information  

• Let's look at the origin of the idiom:
• Cupboard here refers to food, which is kept in a cupboard, so this idiom originally meant showing love to somebody in order to get food.

The correct answer is An event or thing which is going to happen soon​.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:

• Around the corner- imminent or likely to happen very soon

• Example: 

• My little brother believes that an alien invasion is right around the corner and that we should prepare ourselves for life on another planet.

• ​Thus from the explanation given above, we find that the 2^nd option is the correct choice.

The correct answer is with pain and regret​.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:
• With Heavy Heart - a feeling of unhappiness or repent. (नाखुशी या पश्चाताप की भावना)
• Example: 
• With a heavy heart, she turned to wave goodbye.
• ​Thus from the explanation given above, we find that the 4^th option is the correct choice.

 ​​​​

Additional Information  

• Let's look at the origin of the idiom:
• The adjective 'heavy' has been used in the sense of "weighed down with grief or sadness" since about 1300.

The correct answer is To be very expensive​.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:
• Cost a bomb- refers to something that is extremely expensive (किसी ऐसी चीज को संदर्भित करता है जो बेहद महंगी हो)
• Example: 
• A fancy car like that costs a bomb, so I definitely can't afford it!
• ​Thus from the explanation given above, we find that the 3^rd option is the correct choice.

 ​​​​

Additional Information  

• Let's look at the origin of the idiom:
• 'Cost a fortune' or 'Cost the earth' are the other two variants of the given idiom which mean the same.

The correct answer is To prepare for hard work​.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:

• Roll your sleeves up​- to do or get ready to do something difficult, intense, or demanding

• Example: 

• If you want to pass this test, you need to roll your sleeves up and study.

• ​Thus from the explanation given above, we find that the 2^nd option is the correct choice.

 ​​​​

Additional Information  

• Let's look at the origin of the idiom:
• This expression, alluding to turning one's sleeves upward to avoid getting them wet or dirty, is used both literally and more loosely, as in the example here.

The correct answer is S, R, Q, P.

• An introductory clause is already given in the question that mentions the topic 'The country's economy'.
• ​​Sentence S tells us the after-effects of the rapid growth of our country on the automobile industry. It will be put in the first place.
• Sentence R mentions the domination of electric vehicles in the automobile sector in near future. It will be put in second place.
• Sentence Q takes the story forward by mentioning the estimates of NITI Aayog regarding electric vehicles and carbon emission. It will be put in third place.
• The last sentence is P as it mentions the opportunity of becoming a pioneer in manufacturing electric vehicles.

Thus, the correct order is: The country's economy is growing and would continue to grow at a rapid pace in the coming years. This presents a great opportunity for the automobile industry as the demand for automobiles would only increase. According to NITI Aayog (2019), if India reaches electric vehicles sales penetration, emission and oil savings can be achieved. It also provides us an opportunity to grow as a manufacturer of electric vehicles. The market share of electrical vehicles increases with the increasing availability of infrastructure.

The correct answer is Q, P, R, S.

• An introductory clause is already given in the question that mentions the topic 'Central government receipts'.
• ​​Sentence Q further elaborates the term 'non-debt receipts'. It will be put in the first place.
• Sentence P addresses another term i.e. Debt receipts. It will be put in second place.
• Sentence R takes the story forward by mentioning the contrasting outcomes regarding the budget estimates. It will be put in third place.
• The last sentence is S as it mentions the Budget 2018-19 and its objectives concerning the growth in non-debt receipts.

Thus, the correct order is: Central government receipts can broadly be divided into non-debt and debt receipts. The non-debt receipts comprise tax revenue, non-tax revenue, recovery of loans and disinvestment receipts. Debt receipts mostly consist of market borrowing and other liabilities which the government is obliged to repay in the future. The outcomes as reflected in the Provisional Actual figures are lower than the budget estimate owing to a reduction in the net tax revenue. The Budget 2018-19 targeted significantly high growth in non-debt receipts of the Central Government, which was driven by robust growth. This is also evident from the composition of non-debt receipts.

The correct answer is R, S, P, Q​.

• An introductory clause is already given in the question that mentions the topic 'Palaeontology'.
• ​​Sentence R tells us further about the usage of molecular biology and DNA studies in Palaeontology. It will be put in the first place.
• Sentence S addresses another term i.e. Hominid evolution. It will be put in second place.
• Sentence P takes the story forward by mentioning the significance of bones in providing vital information. It will be put in third place.
• The last sentence is Q as it mentions the indication provided by the distribution of faunal remains.

Thus, the correct order is: Palaeontology is the study of the remains of dead organisms over an enormous span of time. Within this discipline, molecular biology and DNA studies have been used to understand hominid evolution. Hominid evolution answers the questions about what ancient people looked like, and to plot patterns of migration. Bones provide a piece of great information. The distribution of faunal remains (animal bones) at a site can indicate which areas were used for butchering, cooking, eating, bone tool-making and refuse dumping. Faunal analysis gives information about the animals people hunted and domesticated, the age of animals at death, and the diseases that afflicted them.

The correct answer is P, S, R, Q​.

• An introductory clause is already given in the question that mentions the topic 'Hormones.
• ​​Sentence P tells us about the functions of various hormones in our body. It will be put in the first place.
• Sentence S addresses the role of insulin in maintaining glucose levels up to a certain level. It will be put in second place.
• Sentence R takes the story forward by mentioning the role of another hormone i.e. glucagon in increasing glucose levels in the blood. It will be put in third place.
• The last sentence is Q as it mentions the instance when glucose levels in the blood are high.

Thus, the correct order is: Hormones have several functions in the body. They help to maintain the balance of biological activities in the body. The role of insulin in keeping the blood glucose level within the narrow limit is an example of this function. On the other hand hormone, glucagon tends to increase the glucose level in the blood. Insulin is released in response to the rapid rise in blood glucose level. The two hormones together regulate the glucose level in the blood.

The correct answer is Q, R, S, P​.

• An introductory clause is already given in the question that mentions the topic 'How the living and non-living things are correlated'.
• ​​Sentence Q mentions the example of earthworms to establish the above-mentioned statement. It will be put in the first place.
• Sentence R tells us how the burrows made by earthworms affect the plants growing in it. It will be put in second place.
• Sentence S takes the story forward by mentioning the carriers of the virus that causes myxomatosis. It will be put in third place.
• The last sentence is P as it mentions the eventual effect of the above-mentioned virus on the population of foxes.

Thus, the correct order is: All living things affect the living and non-living things around them. For example, earthworms make burrows and worm casts. This act of earthworm affects the soil, and therefore the plants growing in it. Rabbit's fleas carry the virus which causes myxomatosis, so they can affect the size of the rabbit population. This can also affect the population of foxes if foxes depend on rabbits for food. This inter dependability needs to be understood when we, humans consume much more than required and abuse nature.

The correct answer is Q, R, S, P​.

• An introductory clause is already given in the question that mentions the topic 'How the ecosystem of water and many environmental factors are correlated'.
• ​​Sentence Q mentions the arising of problems owing to the neglect of the above-mentioned factors. It will be put in the first place.
• Sentence R tells us about the primary sources of water viz. rain and snowfall. It will be put in second place.
• Sentence S takes the story forward by mentioning the challenge of harvesting the rainwater. It will be put in third place.
• The last sentence is P as it mentions the alternative of the problem of rainwater harvesting.

Thus, the correct order is: The ecosystem of water is complex and many environmental factors are intricately linked. The problems we see are because we have undermined these links over decades. First, rain and snowfall are the only sources of water - about 99%. In the four months of monsoon, there are about 30-35 downpours and the challenge is to hold this water in systems that can last us over 365 days. Thick forests make for excellent catchments. The trees slowly transfer rainwater into the sub-soil and this is critical for sustaining water for months after the rains.

The correct answer is R, S, Q, P​.

• An introductory clause is already given in the question that mentions the topic 'Politics'.
• ​​Sentence R tells us what people think about living life. It will be put in the first place.
• Sentence S addresses other common opinions of people concerning various situations. It will be put in second place.
• Sentence Q takes the story forward by mentioning other instances where people like giving their opinions. It will be put in third place.
• The last sentence is P as it mentions the point of view of Aristotle regarding politics.

Thus, the correct order is: Politics is exciting because people disagree. They disagree about how they should live. Who should get what? How should power and other resource be distributed? Should society be based on cooperation or conflict? And so on. They also disagree about how such matters should be resolved, how collective decisions should be made and who should have a say. For Aristotle, politics is an attempt to create a good society because politics is, above all, a social activity. It is not solitary people who make politics and a good society; it is the people together which make good politics and society.

The correct answer is R, S, P, Q​.

• Let's understand the context of the given sentence and the meaning of the options given below.

• An introductory clause is already given in the question that mentions the topic 'Regular exercise'.

• ​​Sentence R tells us how regular exercise helps in the reduction of excess body fat. It will be put in the first place.

• Sentence S addresses the effect of exercise on one's fitness. It will be put in second place.

• Sentence P takes the story forward by mentioning various points that ascertain the benefits of regular exercise. It will be put in third place.

• The last sentence is Q as it mentions another positive aspect of regular exercise.

• Thus, the correct order is: 

• ​*Regular exercise makes many of the organ systems become more efficient.*

• It also uses up energy and helps to prevent large amounts of fat building up in the body.​

• Exercise can increase your fitness in three ways.

• It can improve your strength; make your body more flexible and less likely to suffer from a sprain.

• It can also improve your endurance.

• Different activities require different levels of fitness.

The correct answer is Q, S, R, P​.

• An introductory clause is already given in the question that mentions the topic 'The effect of temperature on the kinetic energy of solids'.
• ​​Sentence Q tells us about the change brought about by the kinetic energy in the particles. It will be put in the first place.
• Sentence S addresses the change in the force of attraction between the particles due to the heat. It will be put in second place.
• Sentence R takes the story forward by mentioning the instance when the particles start moving randomly. It will be put in third place.
• The last sentence is P as it mentions the eventual result achieved by the continuous supply of heat.

Thus, the correct order is: On increasing the temperature of solids, the kinetic energy of the particles increases. Due to the increase in kinetic energy, the particles start vibrating with greater speed. The energy supplied by heat overcomes the forces of attraction between the particles. The particles leave their fixed positions and start moving more freely. A stage is reached when the solid melts and is converted to a liquid. The temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at the atmospheric pressure is called its melting point.

The correct answer is S, P, R, Q​.

• An introductory clause is already given in the question that mentions the topic 'Things being different from the common perception'.
• ​​Sentence S tells us the perception of us being at rest. It will be put in the first place.
• Sentence P addresses the actual scenario where we are moving at around 2.1 kilometres per hour. It will be put in second place.
• Sentence R takes the story forward by mentioning the factors which aren't included in calculating the above-mentioned speed. It will be put in third place.
• The last sentence is Q as it mentions the distance that we might have traveled while reading the current paragraph.

Thus, the correct order is: Things are often not what they seem. As you read this sentence, perhaps sitting in a comfortable chair in your study, you would probably consider yourself at rest. But you are really not, because the Milky Way galaxy, of which you are a part, is moving through space at 2.1 million kilometres an hour. And that is without taking into account the effects of earth's rotation on its own axis, its orbiting around the sun and the sun's journey around the Milky Way. So in roughly twenty seconds that it would have taken you to read this paragraph, you have already moved thousands of kilometre. This happened without you even knowing it. So imagine the changes that occur to this earth and humanity.

The correct answer is had found​.

Key Points​

• ​Conditional sentences are statements discussing known factors or hypothetical situations and their consequences.
• One of the structures is mentioned below:
• This particular type is followed when something didn't happen as a certain condition wasn't fulfilled.
• If + Subject + had + V3 + object, Subject + Would have + V3 + Object.
• Had + Subject + been + V3 + object, Subject + Would have + V3 + Object. (alternative structure)
• Example:
• If I had noticed you, I would had call you.

• If I had noticed you, I would have called you*.*

• Had I noticed you, I would have called you.

• To follow the given structure correctly, 'had found' will be the correct choice in the blank part of the sentence.

Correct Sentence: If I had found a good match, I would have got married.

 ​​​​

Additional Information  ​

• There is one more type of conditional sentences in the past tense given below:
• This particular type is followed when we talk about something in the past which is purely imaginary.
• If + Simple Past, Subject + Would + V₁ + Object.
• Example:
• If I had wings, I would fly like a bird.

The correct answer is most powerful members​​​.

Key Points

• ​​'One of/only one of' is always followed by a noun/pronoun in the plural form and a verb in the singular form.
• Example:
• One of my friends are a dancer.

• One of my friends is a dancer.

• As a person is being selected out of many and the article 'the' is used, 'most powerful members​' will be used in the blank part of the given question.

Correct Sentence: The lady has been declared as one of the top ten most powerful members of the community.

• ​If a subject and a verb are joined by a relative pronoun, the verb will agree with the antecedent to the relative pronoun.
• Example:
• He is one of those men who trust everybody whom they socialize with.

The correct answer is "came across​".

Key Points​

• ​Let's understand the difference between the verbs given below:
• come (verb)- to move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody
• come across (phrasal verb)- to find something or someone by chance
• Example:
• I've come straight from the airport.
• He came across some old love letters.
• As per the context of the sentence, the narrator saw/found a lot of water bodies when he went to the nearby villages.
• Hence the 1^st option i.e. 'came across' will be the correct choice as the given sentence is in the past tense (as indicated by the verb 'visited').

Correct Sentence: When I visited the villages nearby the city I came across many water bodies intact.

The correct answer is broke​.

Key Points​

• ​Let's understand the difference between the words given below:
• broke (adjective)- used to emphasize that someone or something has no money at all
• broken (verb)- separate suddenly or violently into two or more pieces, or to (cause something to) stop working by being damaged
• Example:
• Many small businesses went broke (lost all their money) during the recession.
• I dropped the vase and it broke into pieces.
• As per the context of the sentence, the subject had no money as he had lost all his investments.
• Hence in the blank part of the given question, the 1^st option i.e. broke will be the correct choice.

Correct Sentence: He has lost all his investments and he is broke.

The correct answer is asked.

Key Points​

Since the given sentence is an example of indirect speech and the blank part is succeeded by 'whether', the 4^th option i.e. asked will be the correct choice.

Correct sentence: He asked whether he could get any certificate for the course.

The correct answer is bade​.

Key Points​

• ​Let's understand the difference between the verbs given below:
• bid- to offer a particular amount of money for something that is for sale and compete against other people to buy it (bid - bid - bid)
• bid- to give a greeting to someone, or to ask someone to do something (bid - bade - bidden)
• Example:
• She knew she couldn't afford it, so she didn't bid.
• They bade her good morning.​
• Since a greeting is being made in the given question, 'bade' will be the correct choice as the given sentence is in the past tense (as indicated by the phrase 'last year').

Correct Sentence: I bade farewell to all my course mates last year.

The correct answer is extant.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given options: 
• extant- still in existence; not extinct or destroyed or lost
• exit- to move out of or depart from
• exempt- to grant relief or an exemption from a rule or requirement to
• redundant- more than is needed, desired, or required
• As per the context of the sentence, not many Vedic texts from the ancient era are considered relevant nowadays.
• Hence, from the given meanings, we find that the 1^st option i.e. extant is the correct choice.

​Correct Sentence: Very few of the texts from very early Vedic period are extant now.

The correct answer is formal.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given options: 
• formal- being in accord with established forms and conventions and requirements (as e.g. of formal dress)
• informal- not officially recognized or controlled
• humorous- full of or characterized by humor
• political- involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians
• The given noun 'speech' means the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience.
• As per the definitions given above, we find that the 1^st option i.e. formal is the correct choice.

​Correct Sentence: A speech is a formal address, delivered to an audience that seeks to convince, persuade, inspire or inform.

The correct answer is glitters.

Key Points​

• ​Let's look at the points given below:
• 'All' can be used in both countable and uncountable sense.
• When used as uncountable, it takes a singular verb and when used as countable, it takes a plural verb.
• Examples:
• All is well in our society.
• All of us were obliged to be invited to the wedding.
• Since the word 'all' is used as an uncountable determiner, 'glitters' will be used in the blank part of the sentence.

​Correct Sentence: All that glitters is not gold.

Additional Information

• If 'all' denotes non-living things, 'that' is used and not 'who/whom'.
• Example: All that matters to me is you and not others.

The correct answer is a has-been​.

Key Points​

• ​Let's understand the difference between the adverbs given below:
• has-been (noun)- a person who in the past was famous, important, admired, or good at something, but is no longer any of these
• Example:
• I can more truthfully describe myself nowadays as a non-practising architect, an honorary chartered surveyor and a has-been politician.
• The phrases given in the other options are various verb forms whereas we need a noun in the given blank to qualify the article 'a'.
• Hence in the blank part of the given question, 'a has-been' will be the correct choice.

Correct Sentence: Having been in politics for about 40 years, the party now treats him like a has-been.

The correct answer is 'Encouraged'.

Key Points

• The word 'Emboldened' means to give someone the courage or confidence to do something.
• The synonyms of the word 'Emboldened' are "encouraged, strengthened, inspired".
• From the synonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Encouraged' has the same meaning.
• The word 'Encouraged' means to give support, confidence, or hope to someone.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'Emboldened' are "demoralized, discouraged, disheartened".
• Example of 'Emboldened' in a sentence:
• His success emboldened him to expand his business.

The correct answer is 'home-grown'.

Key Points

• The word 'Indigenous' means originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native. (किसी विशेष स्थान पर स्वाभाविक रूप से उत्पन्न होना या घटित होना; स्वदेशी)
• The synonyms of the word 'Indigenous' are "home-grown, domestic, endemic".
• From the synonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Home-grown' has the same meaning.
• The word 'Home-grown' means belonging to one's own particular locality or country. ( अपने विशेष इलाके या देश से संबंधित)

Hence, the correct answer is option 3. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'Indigenous' are "imported, foreign, immigrant".
• Example of 'Indigenous' in a sentence:
• Each country has its own indigenous cultural tradition.

The correct answer is 'Greed to accumulate more and more wealth'.

Key Points

• The word 'Pleonexia' means greed to accumulate more and more wealth​.
• The synonyms of the word 'Pleonexia' are "avarice, covetousness, greed".
• The antonyms of the word 'Pleonexia' are "unselfishness, generosity, benevolence".
• Example of 'Pleonexia' in a sentence:
• He portrays them as deeply divided because their pleonexia leaves them dissatisfied and full of self-hatred.
• From the synonym of the given word, we can say that option 2 has the same meaning.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2. 

Additional Information

• Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

The correct answer is 'incriminate'.

Key Points

• The word 'Implicate' means to bring into intimate or incriminating connection.
• The synonyms of the word 'Implicate' are "incriminate, expose, inculpate".
• From the synonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Incriminate' has the same meaning.
• The word 'Incriminate' means to make someone appear guilty of a crime or wrongdoing.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'Implicate' are "absolve, acquit, release".
• Example of 'Implicate' in a sentence:
• That verdict did not implicate individual police officers.

The correct answer is 'Statutory'.

Key Points

• The word 'Statutory' means required, permitted, or enacted by statute.
• The synonyms of the word 'Statutory' are "legal, lawful, authorized".
• From the synonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Legal' has the same meaning.
• The word 'Legal' means relating to the law.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'Statutory' are "illegal, illicit, unlawful".
• Example of 'Statutory' in a sentence:
• The authority failed to carry out its statutory duties.

The correct answer is 'rebellious'.

Key Points

• The word 'Dissident' means deviating from commonly accepted beliefs or practices. (️️आम तौर पर स्वीकृत मान्यताओं या प्रथाओं से विचलित होना)
• The synonyms of the word 'Dissident' are "rebellious, unconventional, unorthodox".
• From the synonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Rebellious' has the same meaning.
• The word 'Rebellious' means showing a desire to resist authority, control, or convention. (अधिकार, नियंत्रण या परंपरा का विरोध करने की इच्छा दिखाना)

Hence, the correct answer is option 1. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'Dissident' are "conformist, conventional, orthodox".
• Example of 'Dissident​' in a sentence:
• Dissident radicals of all sorts were assumed to bear loyalty to alien ideologies.

The correct answer is 'promotion'.

Key Points

• The word 'Advocacy' means the act or process of supporting a cause or proposal.
• The synonyms of the word 'Advocacy' are "promotion, endorsement, approval".
• From the synonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Promotion' has the same meaning.
• The word 'Promotion' means an activity that supports or encourages a cause, venture, or aim.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'Advocacy' are "stop, oppose, protest".
• Example of 'Advocacy' in a sentence:
• She is renowned for her advocacy of human rights.

The correct answer is 'high-mindedness'.

Key Points

• The word 'High-mindedness' means having strong moral principles.
• The synonyms of the word 'High-mindedness' are "strong principles, nobility, blamelessness".
• From the synonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Strong principles' has the same meaning.
• The word 'Strong principles' means strong morally correct behavior and attitudes.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'High-mindedness' are "sinfulness, dishonor, wickedness".
• Example of 'High-mindedness' in a sentence:
• There is far more high-mindedness, racial tolerance, and intellectual curiosity than you might expect.

The correct answer is 'predisposition'.

Key Points

• The word 'Tendency' means an established pattern of behavior.
• The synonyms of the word 'Tendency' are "predisposition, aptness, predilection".
• From the synonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Predisposition' has the same meaning.
• The word 'Predisposition' means a liability or tendency to suffer from a particular condition, hold a particular attitude, or act in a particular way.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• The antonyms of the word 'Tendency' are "disinclination, dislike, indisposition".
• Example of 'Tendency' in a sentence:
• He has a tendency to forget things.

The correct answer is 'supported'.

Key Points

• The word 'Patronized' means to promote the interests or cause of something. (किसी चीज़ के हितों या उद्देश्य को बढ़ावा देना)
• The synonyms of the word 'Patronized' are "supported, advocated, endorsed".
• From the synonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Supported' has the same meaning.
• The word 'Supported' means to give approval, comfort, or encouragement to something. (किसी चीज़ को अनुमोदन, सांत्वना या प्रोत्साहन देना)

Hence, the correct answer is option 1. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• Respected: to admire someone or something deeply. (किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु की गहराई से प्रशंसा करना)
• Opposed: anxious to prevent or put an end to something. (किसी चीज़ को रोकने या समाप्त करने के लिए उत्सुक)
• Scolded: remonstrated with or rebuked someone angrily. (किसी को क्रोधपूर्वक डांटना या डांटना)
• The antonyms of the word 'Patronized' are "interfered, opposed, sabotaged".
• Example of 'Patronized' in a sentence:
• The restaurant is patronized by politicians and journalists.

The correct answer is 'modern'.

Key Points  

• The word 'Archaic' means very old or old-fashioned.
• The antonyms of the word 'Archaic' are "modern, recent, current".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Modern' is the opposite in meaning.
• The word 'Modern' means relating to the present or recent times as opposed to the remote past.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Archaic' are "antiquated, dated, outmoded".
• Example of 'Archaic' in a sentence:
• The system is archaic and unfair and needs changing.

The correct answer is 'concentrate'.

Key Points  

• The word 'Diffuse' means to spread out over a large area; not concentrated.
• The antonyms of the word 'Diffuse' are "concentrate, converge, meet".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Concentrate' is the opposite in meaning.
• The word 'Concentrate' means to gather (people or things) together in a common location.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Diffuse' are "disperse, dissipate, scatter".
• Example of 'Diffuse' in a sentence:
• In an attempt to diffuse the tension I suggested that we break off for lunch.

The correct answer is 'Calm'.

Key Points  

• The word 'Unrest' means a disturbed or uneasy state.
• The antonyms of the word 'Unrest' are "calm, ease, peace".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Calm' is the opposite in meaning.
• The word 'Calm' means the absence of violent activity in a place.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Unrest' are "uneasiness, unquietness, turbulence".
• Example of 'Unrest' in a sentence:
• The government failed to stifle the unrest.

The correct answer is 'uproar'.

Key Points  

• The word 'Tranquility' means a state of freedom from storm or disturbance.
• The antonyms of the word 'Tranquility' are "uproar, unquietness, unrest".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Uproar' is the opposite in meaning.
• The word 'Uproar' means a loud and impassioned noise or disturbance.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Tranquility' are "calm, quiet, serenity".
• Example of 'Tranquility' in a sentence:
• The noise ruptured the tranquility of the afternoon.

The correct answer is 'including'.

Key Points  

• The word 'Barring' means the act of ordering that something not to be done or used.
• The antonyms of the word 'Barring' are "including, allowing, approving".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Including' is the opposite in meaning.
• The word 'Including' means allow (someone) to share in an activity or privilege.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Barring' are "excluding, banning, prohibiting".
• Example of 'Barring' in a sentence:
• Two police officers were barring her exit.

The correct answer is 'prepared'.

Key Points  

• The word 'Extempore' means made or done without previous thought or preparation.
• The antonyms of the word 'Extempore' are "prepared, rehearsed, premeditated".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Prepared' is the opposite in meaning.
• The word 'Prepared' means ready to do or deal with something.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Extempore' are "ad-lib, unprepared, unrehearsed".
• Example of 'Extempore' in a sentence:
• His remarks were extempore and may need to be qualified.

The correct answer is 'retrospective'.

Key Points  

• The word 'Ensuing' means to come at a later time; to happen as a result. (बाद में आना; एक परिणाम के रूप में होने के लिए)
• The antonyms of the word 'Ensuing' are "retrospective, following, preceding".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Retrospective' is the opposite in meaning.
• The word 'Retrospective' means looking back on or dealing with past events or situations.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Ensuing' are "subsequent, after, later".
• Example of 'Ensuing' in a sentence:
• He lost his job and in the ensuing months became more and more depressed.

The correct answer is 'accepted'.

Key Points  

• The word 'Expunged' means obliterated or removed completely something unwanted or unpleasant. (पूरी तरह से हटा दिया गया या हटा दिया गया कुछ अवांछित या अप्रिय)
• The antonyms of the word 'Expunged' are "accepted, conserved, saved".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Accepted' is the opposite in meaning.
• The word 'Accepted' means to regard favorably or with approval; welcome. (अनुकूल या अनुमोदन के साथ संबंध; स्वागत हे)

Hence, the correct answer is option 3. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Expunged' are "demolished, destroyed, expelled".
• Example of 'Expunged' in a sentence:
• She expunged the sound of his voice from the tape recording.

The correct answer is 'persuaded'.

Key Points  

• The word 'Dissuaded' means persuaded someone not to take a particular course of action.
• The antonyms of the word 'Dissuaded' are "persuaded, encouraged, urged".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Persuaded' is the opposite in meaning.
• The word 'Persuaded' means induced someone to do something through reasoning or argument.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Dissuaded' are "deterred, discouraged, inhibited".
• Example of 'Dissuaded' in a sentence:
• The father dissuaded his son from leaving school.

The correct answer is 'opponents'.

Key Points  

• The word 'Confidants' means a person who has a strong liking for and trusts another.
• The antonyms of the word 'Confidants' are "opponents, enemies, rivals".
• From the antonym of the given word, we can say that the word 'Opponents' is the opposite in meaning.
• The word 'Opponents' means someone who competes with or opposes another in a contest, game, or argument.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1. Let's see the meaning of other given options:-

Additional Information

• The synonyms of the word 'Confidants' are "familiars, friends, intimates".
• Example of 'Confidants' in a sentence:
• He has been one of Meera's closest confidants during the difficult years of her rocky marriage.

The correct answer is 'Preposition.'

Key Points

• Let us explore the given options:
• 'Adverb' is a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group.
• 'Place value' is the numerical value that a digit has by virtue of its position in a number.
• 'Preposition' is a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause.
• 'Verb' is a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence.
• In the given sentence, the word 'under' is governing and preceding, the noun ''banyan tree''.

​

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Additional Information

• The preposition 'under' means below something covering or protecting.

The correct answer is 'Noun.'

Key Points

• Let us explore the given options:
• 'Object' is a noun or noun phrase governed by an active transitive verb or by a preposition.
• 'Adjective' is a word naming an attribute of a noun.
• 'Noun phrase' is a word or group of words containing a noun and functioning in a sentence as subject, object, or prepositional object.
• 'Noun' is a word used to identify any of a class of people, places, or things, or to name a particular one of these.
• In the given sentence, the word 'statue' is used to identify the class of a thing.

​

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Additional Information

• The noun 'statue' means a carved or cast figure of a person or animal, especially one that is life-size or larger.

The correct answer is 'Possessive adjective.'

Key Points

Let us explore the given options:

• 'Possessive pronoun' A possessive pronoun does show ownership, but it does not come before a noun or in a noun phrase. It stands alone. It can also be used to replace a noun.
• Here is a list of the possessive pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, its.
• ​'Possessive adjective' sits before a noun or a pronoun to show who or what owns it. The possessive adjectives are my, your, his, her, its, our, their, and whose.
• 'Adverb' is a word that modifies (describes) a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or even a whole sentence.
• 'Verb' is a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence.
• In the given sentence, the noun 'pen' belongs to someone. But his is used before a noun, therefore it is a possessive adjective.​

The correct answer is 'Pronoun.'

Key Points

• Let us explore the given options:
• 'Pronoun' is a word that can function as a noun phrase used by itself and that refers either to the participants in the discourse or to someone or something mentioned elsewhere in the discourse (e.g. she, it, this).
• 'Nominative' means relating to or denoting a case of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives in Latin, Greek, and other inflected languages, used for the subject of a verb.
• 'Noun' is a word used to identify any of a class of people, places, or things, or to name a particular one of these.
• 'Adverb' is a word that modifies (describes) a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or even a whole sentence.
• In the given sentence, the pronoun 'it' refers to the noun 'jewel'.

​

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional Information

• The pronoun 'it' is used to refer to a thing previously mentioned or easily identified.

The correct answer is 'Impersonal Pronoun.'

Key Points

• Let us explore the given options:
• 'Personal pronoun' is a short word we use as a simple substitute for the proper name of a person. I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, us, and them are all personal pronouns.
• 'Relative pronoun' introduces relative clauses. The most common relative pronouns are who, whom, whose, which, that.
• 'Impersonal pronoun' is the pronoun 'it' when used without definite reference or antecedent.
• 'Verb' is a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence.
• In the given sentence, the pronoun 'it' used without definite reference or antecedent.

​

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is 'Adverb.'

Key Points