CDS English 7 Feb 2021 Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is with.

Key Points​

• ​Let's look at the meanings given below:
• go (along) with- accept or support an idea
• go for- put maximum effort into achieving something
• go about- begin or carry on with an activity
• 'Go between' doesn't add up.
• Examples:
• Walter tends to go along with anything his wife says.
• She really went for it.
• They are going about this in the wrong way.
• As the subject instructs someone to not support an ideology otherwise he/she has to face unpleasant consequences later, 'with' will be the correct choice in the blank part of the sentence.
  

​Correct Sentence: Don't go with the wind, you will face the music later.

The correct answer is an.

Key Points​​

• ​Articles are words that define a noun as specific or unspecific.
• The definite article 'the' is used with the name of things that are unique or already mentioned before.
• The article 'a' is used with the name of things that are not specific.
• The article 'an' is used with the words starting with the sound of a vowel.
• Since the given noun 'honest' starts with the sound of a vowel, the article 'an' will be used here.
  

Correct Sentence: He has been considered an honest contestant in the competition.

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Additional Information  ​​

• ​​​If a word starts with a vowel but has the sound of a consonant, it will be preceded by the article 'a'.
• Example: a university, a union, a one rupee note, etc.

The correct answer is between.

Key Points​

• ​There are some fixed prepositional phrases given below:
• ​by dint of, out of jealousy, in danger, read between the lines, by car/bus/train, owing to, on a trip, for a change, etc.
• Example:
• She said she could afford it, but reading between the lines I don't think she has enough money.

​Hence according to the phrases given above, 'between' will be the correct choice in the given blank.

• This phrase 'read between the lines' means to find meanings that are intended but that are not directly expressed in something said or written.
  

Correct Sentence: Don't read between the lines. Read the lines.

Additional Information

• There are some verbs/nouns/adjectives which are followed by fixed preposition given below:
• ​Exonerate from, refrain from, suspicious of, interested in, inured to, accused of, predilection for, respite from, vexed at, etc.
• Example:
• ​After spending some time on the island they became inured to the hardships.

The correct answer is a.

Key Points​​

• ​Articles are words that define a noun as specific or unspecific.
• The definite article 'the' is used with the name of things that are unique or already mentioned before.
• The article 'a' is used with the name of things that are not specific.
• The article 'an' is used with the words starting with the sound of a vowel.
• ​​​If a word starts with a vowel but has the sound of a consonant, it will be preceded by the article 'a'.
• Example: a university, a union, a one rupee note, etc.
• In the given blank part of the sentence, the article 'a' will be used as the adjective 'scenic' starts with a consonant sound.
  

Correct Sentence: The village possesses a scenic beauty.

The correct answer is for​.

Key Points ​

• There are some verbs/nouns/adjectives which are followed by fixed preposition given below:
• ​Exonerate from, refrain from, blame someone for something, interested in, inured to, accused of, a predilection for, a respite from, vexed at, etc.
• Example:
• He was blamed for the failure of the mission.

According to the rule and the example given above, 'for​' will be used in the blank part of the sentence.

Correct Sentence: He is all out to blame everyone for his mistakes.

  ​​​

• ​The adjective 'compare' is mainly followed by two prepositions given below:

• compare to- used to point out or imply resemblances between objects of a different order.

• compare with- used to point out differences between objects of the same order.

• For example:

• He compared me with a tall building.

• He compared me to a tall building*.*

The correct answer is a.

Key Points​​

• ​Articles are words that define a noun as specific or unspecific.
• The definite article 'the' is used with the name of things that are unique or already mentioned before.
• The article 'a' is used with the name of things that are not specific.
• The article 'an' is used with the words having the first letter as a vowel and having the sound of a vowel.
• ​​​If a word starts with a vowel but has the sound of a consonant, it will be preceded by the article 'a'.
• Example: a university, a union, a one rupee note, etc.
• In the given blank part of the sentence, the article 'a' will be used as the word 'unique' doesn't start with the sound of a vowel.
  

Correct Sentence: This is a unique system of governance where everyone is the government.

 ​​​​

Additional Information  ​​

• Any abbreviation having the sound of a vowel will be preceded by the article 'an'.

• For example:

• He is a MLA.

• He is an MLA.

The correct answer is of.

Key Points​

• ​Let's look at the meanings given below:
• (take) care of- to look after or protect something or someone
• care about- to have a strong feeling of love or affection for someone or something
• care for- used in polite offers and suggestions
• Example:
• Gaurav took good care of his sister when his parents were away.
• There is nothing I care about more than my children.
• Would you care for a drink?
• As the subject talks about not worrying about him as he is capable of looking after himself, 'of' will be the correct choice in the blank part of the sentence.
  

​Correct Sentence: I will take care of myself. You don't bother about me.

The correct answer is- the.

Key Points​​

• ​Articles are words that define a noun as specific or unspecific.
• The definite article 'the' is used with the name of things that are unique or already mentioned before.
• The article 'a' is used with the name of things that are not specific.
• The article 'an' is used with the words having the first letter as a vowel and having the sound of a vowel.
• When a person or place is mentioned for comparative purpose, 'the' comes before that proper noun.
• Example: Ahmedabad is the Manchester of India.
• In the given blank part of the sentence, the article 'the' will be used as the subject is being compared to Florence Nightingale.
  

Correct Sentence: She is considered the nightingale of the college for her melodious voice.

 ​​​​

Additional Information  ​​

• Any abbreviation having the sound of a vowel will be preceded by the article 'an'.

• For example:

• He is a MLA.

• He is an MLA.

The correct answer is on.

Key Points​

• ​Let's look at the meanings given below:
• turn on- start a machine, light, or electronic device
• turn in- go to bed
• turn off- stop the operation or flow of something by means of a tap, switch, or button.
• turn away- not allow someone to enter a place
• Examples:
• When I get to work, the first thing I do is turn on my computer.
• I’m a bit exhausted. I’m going to turn it in early tonight.
• The instructor told me to turn the machine off.
• The owner of the park turned me away.
• The subject talks about switching the light on as there is darkness in the room, 'on' will be the correct choice in the blank part of the sentence.
  

​Correct Sentence: The room is a bit dark. Could you please turn on the light?

The correct answer is up.

Key Points​

• ​Let's look at the meanings given below:
• keep in with- stay on good terms with someone
• keep up with- move at the same rate
• The other two phrasal verbs don't add up with the preposition given after the blank i.e. with.
• Examples:
• The teacher couldn't keep in with the staff.
• The obese boy tried to keep up with the other boys.
• The subject urges the other to walk slow as he can't walk at the same pace, 'up' will be the correct choice in the blank part of the sentence.
  

​Correct Sentence: Don't walk so fast! I can't keep up with you.

The correct answer is Preposition.

Key Points

• The Preposition is a word which is placed before the noun or the pronoun in the sentence to show its relationship with the other words of the sentence.
• Example: You are in the good books of the teachers.
• As we have to identify which part of speech the word belongs to, we need to know the significance of parts of speech.
• Parts of speech:
• A category to which a word is assigned in accordance with its syntactic functions.
• In English, the main parts of speech are noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction and interjection.

Let's understand the definitions of parts of speech given in options with examples:

The word 'above' establishes the relation with the verb. So it is classified as a Preposition.

The correct answer is Adjective.

Key Points

• A word that qualifies a noun or pronoun in the sentence is an adjective.
• The three words—good, better, and best—are examples of the three forms of an adjective or adverb: positive, comparative, and superlative.
• The positive form of an adjective or adverb is the basic form listed in a dictionary.
• The comparative form (followed by 'than') is used when there is a comparison between two or more things.
• The superlative form is used for a thing that is better than any other of the same category i.e the best.
• Example:
• She is a good Cricketer.
• Rohit is a better human being than his brother.
• He is the best singer in our class.
• As per the points given above, the 2nd option will be the correct choice.

Additional Information

• Whenever we see the structure like 'as....as' and 'so....as', we will use a positive degree of adjective/adverb.

• For example:

• The thief ran as faster as he could.

• The thief ran as fast as he could.

The correct answer is Interjection.

Key Points

• As we have to identify the part of the speech of the word, we need to know the significance of the parts of the speech.
• Parts of speech:
• A category to which a word is assigned in accordance with its syntactic functions.
• In English, the main parts of speech are noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.
• Let's understand the definitions of parts of speech given in the options:
  

The given word 'Alas!' describes a feeling of sadness. Thus the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is the Relative pronoun.

Key Points​​

• ​The pronouns that connect a clause or phrase to a noun or a pronoun, is called a relative pronoun.
• The most common relative pronouns are:
• who, whom, whose, which.
• Example:
• We don’t know the person who donated this money.
• You need to tick the box which says yes.​
• ​We use 'who' in relative clauses to refer to people, and sometimes to pet animals. (refer to the above example)
• Thus the given word 'who' is a **relative pronoun.**​

Mistake PointsDemonstrative pronouns single out a person or thing. It is a pronoun that represents a noun and expresses its position as near or far (including in time). The demonstrative pronouns are "this," "that," "these," and "those."

Eg. That boy is very talkative.

​​​

Additional Information  ​​

Let’s consider the parts of speech:​

The correct answer is Coordinating Conjunction.

Key Points

• A coordinating conjunction is a word that joins two elements of equal grammatical rank and syntactic importance such as: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so, etc.
• Example: The children ran and jumped all over the playground. (coordinating conjunction)
• ​We can remember them using the mnemonic device:
• FANBOYS = for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
• As in the given sentence, the conjunction and is connecting two independent clauses hence, it is a coordinating conjunction.
  

​As per the points above, the 2nd option will be the correct choice.

Additional Information

• A subordinating conjunction is a word or phrase that links a dependent clause to an independent clause such as: after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, etc.​

Important Points

• A subordinating conjunction is always used to introduce a dependent clause.
• Example: If you work hard, you shall pass. (subordinating conjunction)

The correct answer is Adverb.

Key Points

• An adverb is a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, etc.
• Adverbs usually come after the main verb 'be', except in emphatic clauses where it comes before the verb.
• An adverb is always placed adjacent to the word/clause it modifies.
• Example:
• She’s always late for everything.
• I never was a fan of hers. (emphatic)
• Since is used for a point of time (1982, last month, etc.) whereas for is used for any duration (4 days, 6 months, etc.).
• As per the points given above, the 2nd option is the correct choice.
  

 ​​​​

Additional Information  

• ​Adverbs of manner/place/time are used to express how/where/when something is done respectively.
• Example:
• I drove to work hastily. (manner)
• I regularly go there. (place)
• We waited for hours, but she arrived eventually. (time)
• ​If we use these adverbs in the same sentence, the adverbs will always be in this order:
• Manner- Place -Time (MPT).
• Example:
• ​She danced wildly here yesterday.

The correct answer is Demonstrative​.

Key Points​​

• ​The pronouns that connect a clause or phrase to a noun or a pronoun, is called a relative pronoun.
• A demonstrative pronoun represents a thing or things. The most common demonstrative pronouns are:
• this, that, these, those.
• Example:
• This is my bag.
• Those were the days!
• Thus the given word 'this' is a Demonstrative pronoun.

​​​

Additional Information  ​​

Let’s consider the parts of speech:​

The correct answer is Pronoun.

Key Points

• Reflexive pronouns are words ending in -self or -selves that are used when the subject and the object of a sentence are the same.
• The nine English reflexive pronouns are:
• myself, yourself or thyself, himself, herself, oneself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves.
• Example: 
• Jack decided to reward himself with a dinner out.
• As per the points given above, the 2nd option i.e. Pronoun will be the correct choice.
  

​​​​

Additional Information  

• Reflexive pronouns do not work as the main subject but the subject pronoun does.
• Example:
• Myself will conduct today’s meeting. (incorrect)
• I will conduct today’s meeting. (correct)

The correct answer is- Transitive verb.

Key Points

• There are up to five forms for each verb.
• Let's look at the meaning of the given words/phrases:
• Transitive verb- a verb that accepts one or more objects e.g. like, annoy, sell, etc.
• Intransitive verb- one that does not take a direct object e.g. arrive, die, etc.
• The root/base form of the verb- same as the infinitive form with “to” removed e.g. see, watch
• The third-person singular form of the verb- the root/base form with s/es e.g. sees, watches
• The present participle form of the verb- verb form is created by adding -ing to the root word e.g. seeing, watching
• The past/simple past form of the verb- namely the 2nd form of the verb e.g. saw, watched
• The past participle form of the verb- namely the 3rd form of the verb e.g. seen, watched
• In the given case, the three forms of the verb are: win - won - won.
• Since the given verb requires a direct object i.e. the match, the 2nd option will be the correct choice.

The correct answer is Noun.

Key Points

• A noun is the name of a person, place, animal, thing or feeling in the sentence.
• An abstract noun is a noun that refers to an intangible concept such as an emotion, a feeling, a quality, or an idea.
• Example: 
• consideration, parenthood, belief, anger, etc.
• The word 'exultation' describes a state of triumphant elation or jubilation. So it is classified as an abstract noun.
  

Additional Information

• Man is a common noun.
• If a man is given a name such as Ram, Mohan etc., it becomes a Proper Noun.
• The names of feelings such as love, hate, etc are called abstract noun.

The correct answer is but she is very honest​. 

Key Points

• Let's look at the explanation given below:
• The sentence given in the question tells us about the unpleasant situation that the subject faces.
• The given sentence is in the present perfect tense.
• In the given scenario, the 3rd and the 4th options are rejected as these sentences are in the past tense.
• Typically, the one "at the receiving end" is the recipient of some behavior or action perceived to be harmful or negative.
• The statements given in the 1st and the 2nd option is in contrast with the one given in the question as the subject is facing problems despite being an honest person.
• Thus we need a sentence that starts with the conjunction that represents a contrasting statement.
• Hence the 1st option will be the correct choice as it starts with the desired conjunction i.e. but.
  

​

Correct Sentence: Sheela has been at the receiving end but she is very honest​.

The correct answer is than to accept the challenge.

Key Points

• The adverb 'else' is followed by 'but' whereas 'rather/other/otherwise', are followed by 'than'.

• ​The adverb 'rather' is followed by a bare infinitive as illustrated in the example given below.

• For example:

• ​The teacher would rather slap him but beat.

• ​​​​The teacher would rather slap him than beat.

• As per the rule given above, the 2nd option possesses the desired structure.
  

Correct Sentence: Elam has no other option than to accept the challenge.

The correct answer is they are under the watch of the police​.

Key Points​​

• A conjunction is a word which is used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause.
• When the though/although clause comes before the main clause, we usually put a comma at the end of the clause.
• Example:
• Even though I earn a lot of money every month, I never seem to have any to spare.
• The sentence given in the question tells us about a group being set free from a criminal charge but with a condition.
• The given sentence is in the present perfect tense.
• In the given scenario, the 2nd and the 3rd options are rejected as these sentences don't offer any proper precondition.
• The statement given in the 4th option is in contrast with the one given in the question and doesn't make any sense.
• Hence the 1st option will be the correct choice as it has the desired statement (the group being under surveillance).
  

​

Correct sentence: Although the group has been acquitted they are under the watch of the police​.

The correct answer is you will not be called for the interview​​. 

Key Points

• Let's look at the explanation given below:
• The sentence given in the question tells us about a condition where one has to possess essential qualifications.
• The subsequent sentence needs to offer a conclusion on what will take place next if one doesn't possess essential qualifications.
• In the given scenario, the next statement must include some unpleasant consequences like the applicant being rejected.
• The statements given in the 1st, 2nd and 4th option are rejected as it these statements don't demonstrate negative consequences.
• ​Hence the 3rd option will be the correct choice as it depicts the desired scenario (the applicant not being called for the interview).
  

​

Correct Sentence: Unless you fulfill the essential qualifications you will not be called for the interview​​.

The correct answer is since the deposit in the account is found less than required​. 

Key Points

• Let's look at the explanation given below:
• The sentence given in the question tells us about the company's bid is turned down.
• The given sentence is in the present simple tense (passive voice).
• The subsequent sentence needs to be an explanation of the rejection of the above-mentioned company's bid.
• In the given scenario, the 1st and the 2nd option are rejected as these sentences don't offer any explanation.
• The statement given in the 3rd option is rejected as it is in the past perfect tense (passive voice).
• ​Hence the 4th option will be the correct choice as it contains the desired explanation.
  

​

Correct Sentence: The company's bid for the contract is rejected since the deposit in the account is found less than required​.

The correct answer is despite being very tired​. 

Key Points

• Let's look at the explanation given below:
• The sentence given in the question tells us about the instance of the subject not being able to sleep.
• The given sentence is in the past simple tense.
• The subsequent sentence needs to offer a conclusion or further explanation on why the subject couldn't sleep.
• In the given scenario, the 3rd option is rejected as this sentence doesn't add up with the one given in the question.
• The statement given in the 1st option is rejected as it doesn't contain the required preposition 'of' after the conjunction 'because'.
• As per the statements given in the 2nd and the 4th options, the subject couldn't sleep even though he was tired.
• Thus we need a sentence that starts with the conjunction that represents a contrasting statement.
• Hence the 2nd option will be the correct choice as it starts with the desired preposition i.e. despite.
  

​

Correct Sentence: I could not sleep despite being very tired.

The correct answer is because of his nature​​. 

Key Points

• Let's look at the explanation given below:
• The sentence given in the question tells us about the instance of a girl marrying a boy.
• The given sentence is in the past simple tense.
• The subsequent sentence needs to be an explanation of the above-mentioned instance.
• In the given scenario, the 1st and the 4th option are rejected as these sentences don't start with the required conjunction.
• The statement given in the 2nd option is rejected as it doesn't contain the required preposition 'of' after the conjunction 'because'.
• ​Hence the 3rd option will be the correct choice as it contains the desired conjunction.
  

​

Correct Sentence: She married him because of his nature​​.

The correct answer is in case you want​​. 

Key Points

• Let's look at the explanation given below:
• The sentence given in the question tells us about the instance when the subject comes to meet someone.
• The given sentence is in the future simple tense.
• The next statement needs to offer some kind of explanation which results in the above-mentioned situation.
• In the given scenario, the 4th option is rejected as it offers a contrasting statement.
• The statements given in the 2nd and the 3rd option is rejected as these statements offer incomplete explanations.
• ​Hence the 1st option will be the correct choice as it starts with the desired conjunction and offers a complete explanation.
  

​

Correct Sentence: I will come to meet you in case you want​​.

The correct answer is you could have completed it on time.

Key Points

• ​Conditional sentences are statements discussing known factors or hypothetical situations and their consequences.

• One of the structures is mentioned below:

• This particular type is followed when we talk about something in the past which is purely imaginary.

• If + Subject + had + V3 + object, Subject + Would/could have + V3 + Object.

• Example:

• If I had noticed you, I would had call you.

• If I had noticed you, I would have called you*.*

• As per the rule and example given above, only the 4th option follows the desired structure.
  

Correct Sentence: If you had planned the work well you could have completed it on time.

Additional Information 

• In the case of imaginary sentences, 'were' is used with all subjects irrespective of their number.
• Example:
• He shouted at me as if he were my coach.

The correct answer is as long as you do not use any external drive​.

Key Points

• Conditional sentences are statements discussing known factors or hypothetical situations and their consequences.

• If two actions take place one after the other in the future, the structure will be as given below:

• If/(any conditional word) + Subject + V1 + Object, Subject + Will + V1 + Object.

• For example:

• If George will be there, I will not go at any cost.

• If George is there, I will not go at any cost.

• As the latter part (given in the options) of the sentence is conditional in nature, 'do not use' is the correct form of the verb to be used.

• The desired structure is followed only in the 3rd option.
  

Correct Sentence: You can use my computer as long as you do not use any external drive​.

 ​​​​

Additional Information  

• We use the zero conditional to talk about things that are generally true, especially for laws and rules.
• The structure will be as given below:
• If + Subject + V1 + Object, Subject + V1 + Object.
• Example:
• When the sun goes down, it gets dark.

The correct answer is (c).

Key Points

• The past perfect continuous is a verb tense that shows an action that started in the past continued up until another time in the past.
• The structure is given below:
• Subject + had been + V1 + -ing + since/for + object.
• Since is used for a point of time (1982, last month, etc.) whereas for is used for any duration (4 days, 6 months, etc.).
• Example:
• ​The program that was terminated had been working well since 1945.
• As a point of time i.e. 1990s has been given in the question, 'since' will replace 'during' in the 3rd part of the question.
  

Correct Sentence: He had been doing the job of a physician since the 1990s.

The correct answer is (c)​.

Key Points​

• ​The following adjectives are always followed by 'to' and not 'than':

• Junior, senior, superior, inferior, prior, prefer/preferable, anterior, posterior.

• For example:

• My sister is junior than me.

• My sister is junior to me.

• As per the rule and example given above, 'to' will be used instead of 'than' in the 3rd part of the given question.
  

Correct Sentence: He said that he preferred coffee to tea.

Additional Information

• We use the positive degree of adjective/adverb before 'enough'.

• For example:

• ​Adams was better enough to beat his opponent.**

• Adams was good enough to beat his opponent.**

The correct answer is (c).

Key Points​

• ​Let's look at the points given below:
• 'All' can be used in both countable and uncountable sense.
• When used as uncountable, it takes a singular verb and when used as countable, it takes a plural verb.
• Examples:
• All is well in our society.
• All of us were obliged to be invited to the wedding.
• Since the word 'all' is used as an uncountable determiner, 'is' will be used instead of 'are' in the 3rd part of the sentence.
  

​Correct Sentence: All that glitters is not gold.

Additional Information

• If 'all' denotes non-living things, 'that' is used and not 'who/whom'.
• Example: All that matters to me is you and not others.

The correct answer is (c).

Key Points​

• ​There are some fixed prepositional phrases given below:
• ​by the dint of, at risk, out of jealousy, on strike, by the dozen, owing to, on a trip, for a change, etc.
• For example:
• All houses within 100 metres of the seas are at risk of flooding.
  

​The phrase 'at risk' means a situation involving exposure to danger.

• Thus the preposition 'at' will be used instead of 'in' in the 3rd part of the question.
  

Correct Sentence: A species is considered endangered when it is at a very high risk of extinction in the world.

Additional Information

• There are some verbs/nouns/adjectives which are followed by fixed preposition given below:
• ​Exonerate from, refrain from, suspicious of, interested in, inured to, accused of, a predilection for, a respite from, vexed at, etc.
• Example:
• ​After spending some time on the island they became inured to the hardships.

The correct answer is '(c).'

Key Points

• The error lies in part (c) of the sentence.
• Here, fell is an incorrect construction that is incompatible with the rest of the sentence.
• The first part of the sentence is in the Present Tense, therefore the second part of the sentence must be in the Present Tense.
• Hence, 'fall' is the correct construction.
• ​Correct sentence: Our greatest glory is not in never falling but in rising every time we fall.

Additional Information    

• The past indefinite tense, also known as simple past tense, is used to indicate a finished or completed action/task that occurred/happened at a specific point in time in the past. 
• Structure: Subject + verb in the past form + . . . . . + adverb of time + . . . . .
• Example: I ate a mango a few minutes ago.

Hinglish

• त्रुटि भाग part (c) में निहित है।​
• यहाँ, fell एक गलत रचना है जो शेष वाक्य के साथ असंगत है।
• वाक्य का पहला भाग Present Tense में है, इसलिए वाक्य का दूसरा भाग Present Tense में होना चाहिए।
• इसलिए, 'fall' सही रचना है।​

The correct answer is (b).

Key Points​​

• ​Articles are words that define a noun as specific or unspecific.
• The definite article 'the' is used with the name of things that are unique or already mentioned before.
• The article 'a' is used with the name of things that are not specific.
• The article 'an' is used with the words starting with the sound of a vowel.
• A/An are used before indefinite singular countable nouns.
• ​​​If a word starts with a vowel but has the sound of a consonant, it will be preceded by the article 'a'.
• Example: a university, a union, a one rupee note, etc.
• In the 2nd part of the sentence, the article 'an' suggests that the noun followed by it must be a singular one.
• Hence in the 2nd part of the question, 'mode' will be used instead of 'modes'.
  

Correct Sentence: Language is an essential mode of communication and every language matters in communication.

The correct answer is (a).

Key Points

• The simple past tense is used when we talk about things that happened or existed before now.
• The structure is given below:
• Subject + V2 + object. (Active Voice)
• Object + was/were + V3 + by + subject. (Passive Voice)
• Example:
• ​He won the car race. (active voice)
• The car race was won by him. (passive voice)
• Since the sentence follows the passive voice structure, 'was resolved' will be used instead of 'was been resolved' in the 1st part.
  

Correct Sentence: The matter was resolved after long deliberations among the members of the team.

Additional Information

• Some phrases are followed by past indefinite/simple tense as given below:

• ​It's high time, It's time, It's about time, etc.

• For example:

• It's high time I start preparing for my final exams*.*

• It's high time I started preparing for my final exams.

The correct answer is (b).

Key Points​​

• ​Articles are words that define a noun as specific or unspecific.
• The definite article 'the' is used with the name of things that are unique or already mentioned before.
• The article 'a' is used with the name of things that are not specific.
• The article 'an' is used with the words having the first letter as a vowel and having the sound of a vowel.
• ​​​If a word starts with a vowel but has the sound of a consonant, it will be preceded by the article 'a'.
• Example: a university, a union, a one rupee note, etc.
• In the given 2nd part of the sentence, the article 'the' will be used before the noun 'safety' as the well-being of specific people (the participants) has been talked about in the question.
  

Correct Sentence: Care has been taken to ensure the safety and security of the participants in the event.

 ​​​​

Additional Information  ​​

• Any abbreviation having the sound of a vowel will be preceded by the article 'an'.

• For example:

• He is a MLA.

• He is an MLA.

The correct answer is (c)​.

Key Points

• ​​'One of/only one of' is always followed by a noun/pronoun in the plural form and a verb in the singular form.

• Example:

• One of my friends are a dancer.

• One of my friends is a dancer.

• As per the rule and example given above, 'symbols' will be used instead of 'symbol' in the part given in the 3rd option.
  

Correct Sentence: Indian film industry is considered to be one of the symbols of cultural and social life.

• ​If a subject and a verb are joined by a relative pronoun, the verb will agree with the antecedent to the relative pronoun.
• Example:
• He is one of those men who trust everybody whom they socialize with.

The correct answer is (d).

Key Points ​

• There are some verbs/nouns/adjectives which are followed by fixed preposition given below:
• ​Exonerate from, dependent on, blame someone for something, interested in, inured to, accused of, a predilection for, a respite from, vexed at, etc.
• Example:
• He was blamed for the failure of the mission.
• Since the given sentence follows the required structure and rules, the 4th option will be the correct choice.
  

Correct Sentence: It is still true that the Indian economy is dependent on monsoon.

The correct answer is Less successful​.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:
• Be in eclipse- much less successful and important than before
• Example: 
• Even when her career was temporarily in eclipse she had no financial worries.
  

​ ​​​​

Additional Information  

• Let's look at the origin of the idiom:

• An eclipse of the sun is an occasion when the moon is between the earth and the sun so that for a short time you cannot see part or all of the sun.

• An eclipse of the moon is an occasion when the earth is between the sun and the moon so that for a short time you cannot see part or all of the moon because it is covered by the shadow of the earth.

• Be in eclipse- पहले की तुलना में बहुत कम सफल और महत्वपूर्ण

The correct answer is Methods of achieving something.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:
• Ways and means: the methods by which something is accomplished or attained, especially in relation to finances
• Example: 
• We're here to discuss the goals of the project, not the ways and means.
  

​ ​​​​

Additional Information  

• Let's look at the origin of the idiom:
• In the British parliamentary system, this phrase is used specifically for the various methods of raising government revenue.

​

• Ways and means: वे विधियाँ जिनके द्वारा कुछ पूरा किया जाता है या प्राप्त किया जाता है, विशेषकर वित्त के संबंध ��ें

The correct answer is Very costly​.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:
• Big ticket- Very expensive
• Example: 
• We've never had much money, so a brand new furniture set is something of a big-ticket item for us.

​

• Big ticket: बहुत महंगा

The correct answer is An event or piece of news which is unexpected​​.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:
• Bolt from the blue- A sudden, unexpected event
• Example: 
• The resignation of the chairman came like a bolt from the blue.
  

​ ​​​​

Additional Information  

• Let's look at the origin of the idiom:
• The allusion here is to the surprise like a lightning bolt from a clear sky.
• Thomas Carlyle was the first author known to have used the term in print, in his The French Revolution, 1837: "Arrestment, sudden really as a bolt out of the Blue, has hit strange victims."

The correct answer is Behave unconventional and unpredictable​​.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:
• Be a law unto yourself- behave in an independent way, ignoring laws, rules, or conventional ways of doing things
• Example: 
• Some of the landowners were a law unto themselves.

​

• Be a law unto yourself- स्वतंत्र तरीके से व्यवहार करना, कानूनों, नियमों या चीजों को करने के पारंपरिक तरीकों की अनदेखी करना

The correct answer is To make oneself look neat.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:
• Spiff up- improve in appearance often by making more neat or stylish
• Example: 
• High-school students used to spiff up their college applications with extracurriculars like Model U.N. and student council.

The correct answer is Very angry​.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:
• Up in arms- angry or rebellious
• Example: 
• My mom was up in arms about the new salary cuts rumored to be put in place.
  

​ ​​​​

Additional Information  

• Let's look at the origin of the idiom:
• The literal meaning of the phrase dates back to the 1500s. It is related to the fact that weapons and armour are also called arms.
• One of the first examples of the phrase can be found in King Richard III, by William Shakespeare.

​

• Up in arms- क्रोधित या विद्रोही

The correct answer is To behave without any control​​.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:
• Run wild- to run, go, behave, etc., in a wild and uncontrolled way
• Example: 
• The mob was running wild in the streets.

The correct answer is To relax after a period of activity​.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:
• Wind down- (of a person) relax after stress or excitement (किसी व्यक्ति का) तनाव या उत्तेजना के बाद आराम करना)
• Example: 
• *I sank into a hot bath in order to **wind down.***​​​​

The correct answer is To enjoy oneself without doing much.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meaning of the given idiom:
• Mellow out- to become relaxed and calm
• Example: 
• My dad has definitely mellowed out as he's gotten older.

​ ​​​​

Additional Information  

• Let's look at the origin of the idiom:
• The word 'mellow' means relaxed and cheerful through being slightly drunk.
• The given idiom also a derivative of the above-mentioned word.

The correct answer is uproar.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• commotion- a state of confused and noisy disturbance
  
• uproar- a loud and impassioned noise or disturbance
• ​​​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• peace- freedom from disturbance; tranquility
  
• sound- vibrations that travel through the air or another medium and can be heard when they reach a person's or animal's ear
• furious- extremely angry
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that commotion and uproar are synonyms.

The correct answer is inbuilt.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• inherent- existing in something as a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute
  
• inbuilt- existing as an original or essential part of something or someone
  
• ​​​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• outward- of, on, or from the outside
  
• difficult- needing much effort or skill to accomplish, deal with, or understand
• hallow- honor as holy
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that inherent and inbuilt are synonyms.

The correct answer is admonished.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• reprimanded- rebuke (someone), especially officially
  
• admonished- warn or reprimand someone firmly
  
• ​​​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• appreciated- recognize the full worth of
  
• praised- express warm approval or admiration of
• disliked- feel distaste for or hostility toward
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that reprimanded and admonished are synonyms.

The correct answer is everlasting.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• perpetual- never-ending or changing
  
• everlasting- lasting forever or a very long time
  
• ​​​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• temporary- lasting for only a limited period of time; not permanent
  
• powerful- having great power or strength
• persuasive- good at persuading someone to do or believe something through reasoning or the use of temptation
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that perpetual and everlasting are synonyms.

The correct answer is demonstrate.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• exemplify- be a typical example of
• demonstrate- give a practical exhibition and explanation of (how a machine, skill, or craftworks or is performed)
• ​​​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• devise- plan or invent (a complex procedure, system, or mechanism) by careful thought
• sympathize- feel or express sympathy
• ask for- put a question or seek an answer from someone
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that exemplify and demonstrate are synonyms.

The correct answer is core.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• crux- the decisive or most important point at issue
  
• core- the central or most important part of something
  
• ​​​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• part- an element or constituent that belongs to something and is essential to its nature
  
• idea- a thought or suggestion as to a possible course of action
• tip- the pointed or rounded end or extremity of something slender or tapering
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that crux and core are synonyms.

The correct answer is capability.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• competency- the ability to do something successfully or efficiently
  
• capability- the ability or power to do, experience, or understand something
• ​​​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• thinking- the process of using one's mind to consider or reason about something
  
• knowledge- what is known in a particular field or in total; facts and information
• ideal- satisfying one's conception of what is perfect; most suitable
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that competency and capability are synonyms.

The correct answer is arrogant.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• haughty- arrogantly superior and disdainful
  
• arrogant- having or revealing an exaggerated sense of one's own importance or abilities
  
• ​​​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• tough- (of a substance or object) strong enough to withstand adverse conditions or rough or careless handling
  
• modest- unassuming or moderate in the estimation of one's abilities or achievements
• knowledgeable- intelligent and well informed
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that haughty and arrogant are synonyms.

The correct answer is diligent.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• industrious- diligent and hard-working
  
• diligent- having or showing care and conscientiousness in one's work or duties
  
• ​​​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• knowledgeable- intelligent and well informed
  
• indolent- wanting to avoid activity or exertion; lazy
• insincere- not expressing genuine feelings
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that industrious and diligent are synonyms.

The correct answer is resentful.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• resentful- feeling or expressing bitterness or indignation at having been treated unfairly
• indignant- feeling or showing anger or annoyance at what is perceived as unfair treatment
• ​​​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• congenial- (of a person) pleasant because of a personality, qualities, or interests that are similar to one's own
• unruly- disorderly and disruptive and not amenable to discipline or control
• supportive- providing encouragement or emotional help
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that resentful and indignant are synonyms.

The correct answer is straightforward.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• bombastic- high-sounding but with little meaning; inflated
  
• straightforward- uncomplicated and easy to do or understand
  
• ​​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• outdated- out of date; obsolete
  
• verbose- using or expressed in more words than are needed
• untrue- not in accordance with fact or reality; false or incorrect
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that bombastic and straightforward are antonyms.

The correct answer is reasonable.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• absurd- wildly unreasonable, illogical, or inappropriate
  
• reasonable- (of a person) having sound judgment; fair and sensible
  
• ​​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• bizarre- very strange or unusual, especially so as to cause interest or amusement
  
• meaningless- having no meaning or significance
• thoughtful- absorbed in or involving thought
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that absurd and reasonable are antonyms.

The correct answer is alive.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• deceased- a person who has died
• alive- (of a person, animal, or plant) living, not dead
• ​​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• injured- harmed, damaged, or impaired
• dead- no longer alive
• survived- continue to live or exist, especially in spite of danger or hardship
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that deceased and alive are antonyms.

The correct answer is aggravation.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• solace- comfort or consolation in a time of distress or sadness
• aggravation- an intensification of a negative quality or aspect
• ​​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• comfort- a state of physical ease and freedom from pain or constraint
• relief- a feeling of reassurance and relaxation following release from anxiety or distress.
• punishment- the infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offense
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that solace and aggravation are antonyms.

The correct answer is similar.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• contrary- opposite in nature, direction, or meaning
  
• similar- resembling without being identical
  
• ​​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• different- not the same as another or each other; unlike in nature, form, or quality
  
• divergent- tending to be different or develop in different directions
• faith- complete trust or confidence in someone or something
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that contrary and similar are antonyms.

The correct answer is prepared.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• prepared- make (something) ready for use or consideration (उपयोग के लिए तैयार किया गया)
• spontaneous- performed or occurring as a result of a sudden inner impulse or inclination and without premeditation or external stimulus (बिना योजना या अग्रिम में कहा या किया गया)
• ​​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• alerted- warn (someone) of danger, threat, or problem, typically with the intention of having it avoided or dealt with
• automatic- working by itself with little or no direct human control
• well-executed- skillfully carried out
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that spontaneous and prepared are antonyms.

The correct answer is denying.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• asserting- state a fact or belief confidently and forcefully
  
• denying- state that one refuses to admit the truth or existence of
  
• ​​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• declaring- say something in a solemn and emphatic manner
  
• supporting- bear all or part of the weight of; hold up
• propagating- breed specimens of (a plant or animal) by natural processes from the parent stock
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that asserting and denying are antonyms.

The correct answer is convicted.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• exonerated- (especially of an official body) absolve (someone) from blame for a fault or wrongdoing, especially after due consideration of the case
  
• convicted- having been declared guilty of a criminal offense by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge
  
• ​​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• honoured- regard with great respect
  
• pardoned- forgive or excuse (a person, error, or offense)
• felicitated- congratulate
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that exonerated and convicted are antonyms.

The correct answer is Discouraging.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• Persuasion- the action or fact of persuading someone or of being persuaded to do or believe something
• Discouraging- causing someone to lose confidence or enthusiasm; depressing
• ​​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• Dislike- feel distaste for or hostility toward
• Convincing- capable of causing someone to believe that something is true or real
• Induce- to cause something to happen
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that Persuasion and Discouraging are antonyms.

The correct answer is common.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given word and marked option:
• distinctive- characteristic of one person or thing, and so serving to distinguish it from others
• common- occurring, found, or done often; prevalent
• ​​Let's look at the meanings of the other given options: 
• unique- being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else
• special- better, greater, or otherwise different from what is usual
• unfamiliar- not known or recognized
• Hence from the given meanings, we find that distinctive and common are antonyms.

The correct answer is a.

Key Points​​

• ​Articles are words that define a noun as specific or unspecific.
• The definite article 'the' is used with the name of things that are unique or already mentioned before.
• The article 'a' is used with the name of things that are not specific.
• The article 'an' is used with the words starting with the sound of a vowel.
• ​​​If a word starts with a vowel but has the sound of a consonant, it will be preceded by the article 'a'.
• Example: a university, a union, a one rupee note, etc.
• In the 1st blank part of the cloze test, the article 'a' will be used as the adjective 'great' starts with a consonant sound.

The correct answer is the.

Key Points​​

• ​Articles are words that define a noun as specific or unspecific.
• The definite article 'the' is used with the name of things that are unique or already mentioned before.
• The article 'a' is used with the name of things that are not specific.
• The article 'an' is used with the words having the first letter as a vowel and having the sound of a vowel.
• ​​​If a word starts with a vowel but has the sound of a consonant, it will be preceded by the article 'a'.
• Example: a university, a union, a one rupee note, etc.
• In the given 2nd blank of the cloze test, the article 'the' will be used as a particular phrase (education for peace) has been talked about in the question.

The correct answer is a.

Key Points​​

• ​Articles are words that define a noun as specific or unspecific.
• The definite article 'the' is used with the name of things that are unique or already mentioned before.
• The article 'a' is used with the name of things that are not specific.
• The article 'an' is used with the words starting with the sound of a vowel.
• ​​​If a word starts with a vowel but has the sound of a consonant, it will be preceded by the article 'a'.
• Example: a university, a union, a one rupee note, etc.
• In the 3rd blank part of the cloze test, the article 'a' will be used as the noun 'course' starts with a consonant sound.

The correct answer is on.

Key Points​

• ​There are some fixed prepositional phrases given below:
• ​by dint of, out of jealousy, course on something, read between the lines, by car/bus/train, owing to, on a trip, for a change, etc.
• Example: ​Hence according to the phrases given above, 'on' will be the correct choice in the 4th blank.
• Julie has signed up for courses on English and French this year.
• The phrase 'course on something' means a series of lessons on a particular subject.
  

Mistake Points

• Take a course in something would entirely change the meaning, For eg:
• I took a course in Arabic ( here Arabic is not the subject to be studied but the language of that particular course).

The correct answer is any.

Key Points

• ​An adjective is any member of a class of words that modify nouns and pronouns.
• ​Let's have a look at the meanings of the given adjectives:
• Any- used to refer to one or some of a thing or number of things, no matter how much or how many
• Few- a small number of (negligible)
• That- used to identify a specific person or thing observed by the speaker
• This- used to identify a specific person or thing close at hand or being indicated or experienced
• ​The adjective 'few' is used with plural countable nouns, whereas 'any' is used with singular countable nouns.
• The singular noun 'difference' used after the blank part of the sentence suggests that the adjective in the blank part must be a singular one.
• Since no specific difference is being talked about here, we find that the 1st option i.e. any is the correct choice in the 5th blank.

The correct answer is Between​.

Key Points​

• ​Between is used when referring to one-to-one relationships.
• Between is used when there are two or more than two (a specific number) elements involved.
• Among is used when talking about people or things that are not distinct and are viewed as a group.
• Among is used before consonant sound whereas amongst for vowel sounds.
• For example:
• ​There wasn’t much unity between the council members. (incorrect as elements aren't specific)
• ​There wasn’t much unity among the council members. (correct)
• As a specific number of things are given (two categories of students) in the sentence, 'between' will be the correct choice in the 6th blank.

The correct answer is and.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given options: 
• with- accompanied by (another person or thing)
  
• and- used to connect words of the same part of speech, clauses, or sentences, that are to be taken jointly
• because- for the reason that
• but- used to introduce a phrase or clause contrasting with what has already been mentioned
• ​In the given sentence, we need a conjunction that tells us further about how the Indian students and their counterparts live together.
• Hence we find that the 2nd option i.e. and is the correct choice in the 7th blank.

The correct answer is with.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given options: 
• or- used to link alternatives
  
• with- accompanied by (another person or thing)
• for- used to indicate the place someone or something is going to or toward
• some- an unspecified amount or number of
• ​As per the possible context of the sentence, the growth of life with conflicts is compared to the growth of grass accompanied by trees.
• Hence, from the given meanings, we find that the 2nd option i.e. with is the correct choice in the 8th blank.

The correct answer is that.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given options: 
• for- used to indicate the place someone or something is going to or toward
• but- used to introduce a phrase or clause contrasting with what has already been mentioned
• that- introducing a subordinate clause expressing a statement or hypothesis
• when- at what time
• In the given sentence, we need a conjunction that describes the crux of arguments and stances taken by the children.
• Hence we find that the 3rd option i.e. that is the correct choice in the 9th blank.

The correct answer is by.

Key Points

• Let's look at the meanings of the given options: 
• by- identifying the agent performing an action
  
• with- possessing (something) as a feature or accompaniment
• to- expressing motion in the direction of (a particular location)
• for- used to indicate the place someone or something is going to or toward
• ​As per the possible context of the sentence, the method of attaining peace is understanding a conflict rather than solving it.
• Hence, from the given meanings, we find that the 1st option i.e. by is the correct choice in the 10th blank.

The correct answer is RQSP.

Key Points 

• An introductory clause is already given in the question that gives us the idea of the man's progress.
• ​​Sentence R starts with the adverb i.e. Hitherto which alludes to the man's condition before now. It will be put in the first place.
• Sentence Q tells us about the capability of the present human being assisted by scientific knowledge. It will be put in second place.
• Sentence S takes the story forward by mentioning the instance when the man landed on the moon. It will be put in third place.
• The last sentence is P as it mentions another milestone that the man is about to achieve in near future.
• 'Hitherto' means 'until now or until a particular time'.
• Example: Mira revealed hitherto unsuspected talents on the dance floor.

Complete paragraph after re-arrangement:

Man has progressed with science and technology. Hitherto he had been backward. Now with scientific knowledge and technical know-how he has done what was impossible. He has reached the moon. He is on the road to conquer other planets. What was difficult and impossible is now easy and possible.

The correct answer is RSQP.

• An introductory clause is already given in the question that mentions the high consumption of water in summers.
• ​​Sentence R tells us about the garments worn in summer different from the ones worn in winter. It will be put in the first place.
• Sentence S addresses the question of why lighter clothes are worn in summer and woolen clothes in winter in north India. It will be put in second place.
• Sentence Q takes the story forward by answering the above-mentioned question. It will be put in third place.
• The last sentence is P as it mentions the north-eastern states where winters are mild.
  

Thus, the correct order is: RSQP.

The correct answer is SRQP.

• An introductory clause is already given in the question that introduces the noun 'Policy'.
• ​​Sentence S gives us the idea that a policy can be of various types. It will be put in the first place.
• Sentence R gives some examples of various policies such as broad, public, written, etc. It will be put in second place.
• Sentence Q explains one of the policies i.e. Public policy. It will be put in third place.
• The last sentence is P as it further tells us more about public policy.
  

Thus, the correct order is: SRQP.

The correct answer is SPRQ.

• An introductory clause is already given in the question that introduces the noun 'dhoti kurta'.
• ​​Sentence S tells us about the garment 'dhoti'. It will be put in the first place.
• Sentence P mentions the complement (tunic) that is worn with 'dhoti'. It will be put in second place.
• Sentence R takes the story forward by mentioning a personality (Gandhi Ji) that worn dhoti. It will be put in third place.
• The last sentence is Q as it mentions the attire that Gandhi Ji wore before he started wearing dhoti.
  

Thus, the correct order is: SPRQ.

The correct answer is QSPR.

• An introductory clause is already given in the question that introduces the topic i.e. Languages.
• ​​Sentence Q tells us the factor (language contact) that is the driver of change. It will be put in the first place.
• Sentence S addresses an instance which caused major changes in the vocabulary and grammar of English. It will be put in second place.
• Sentence P takes the story forward by describing the effect of English on local languages. It will be put in third place.
• The last sentence is R as it mentions the result borne by the above-mentioned instance.
  

Thus, the correct order is: QSPR.

The correct answer is SRQP.

• An introductory clause is already given in the question that introduces the topic 'Urbanisation'.
• ​​Sentence S tells us the importance of urbanisation in a nation's growth. It will be put in the first place.
• Sentence R addresses the effect of urbanisation on the number of cities. It will be put in second place.
• Sentence Q takes the story forward by mentioning the transformation of India from being mostly rural to a quasi-urban society. It will be put in third place.
• The last sentence is P as it mentions the 2030 development agenda of the United Nations​.
  

Thus, the correct order is: SRQP.

The correct answer is RQPS.

• An introductory clause is already given in the question that mentions the topic 'ethics'.
• ​​Sentence R tells us about how various factors are related to ethics. It will be put in the first place.
• Sentence Q addresses another sub-category of ethics i.e. Environmental ethics. It will be put in second place.
• Sentence P takes the story forward by mentioning the point of view of many philosophers. It will be put in third place.
• The last sentence is S as it mentions the definition of the noun 'value'.
  

Thus, the correct order is: RQPS.

The correct answer is QPSR.

• An introductory clause is already given in the question that mentions the topic 'The constitution of India'.
• ​​Sentence Q tells us about how India as a country was supposed to be at that time. It will be put in the first place.
• Sentence P addresses the governmental structure that would be followed in India. It will be put in second place.
• Sentence S takes the story forward by mentioning the point of assuring Indian citizens of some rights. It will be put in third place.
• The last sentence is R as it mentions some of the fundamental rights granted to Indian citizens.
  

Thus, the correct order is: QPSR.

The correct answer is RQPS.

• An introductory clause is already given in the question that mentions the topic 'The National Health Policy 2017'.
• ​​Sentence R tells us the objectives of the above-mentioned policy. It will be put in the first place.
• Sentence Q addresses another objective in particular in addition to the ones mentioned earlier. It will be put in second place.
• Sentence P takes the story forward by mentioning the component of the policy 'Ayushman Bharat'. It will be put in third place.
• The last sentence is S as it mentions the first initiative that would be taken under the above-mentioned policy.
  

Thus, the correct order is: RQPS.

The correct answer is QRSP.

• An introductory clause is already given in the question that mentions the topic 'The subjects that determine the distribution of organisms'.
• ​​Sentence Q tells us the impact that the above-mentioned subjects have on species distribution. It will be put in the first place.
• Sentence R addresses the tendency that the biogeographers have regarding ecological aspects. It will be put in second place.
• Sentence S takes the story forward by mentioning ecological biogeographers in particular. It will be put in third place.
• The last sentence is P as it mentions the interests of historical biogeographers.
  

Thus, the correct order is: QRSP.

The correct answer is "was broke".

Key Points

• The phrase "was broke" means that he had no money, which fits in this context because he lost all his investment in the stock market.
• Here is a detailed explanation of all the options:
• "was broken": "Broken" is usually used to describe something that is damaged and not in working order. It can be used metaphorically to describe a person who is emotionally hurt, but it doesn't really fit in this context, as the sentence is about financial loss, not emotional damage.
• "was broke": "Broke" is a slang term for having no money. It is the past tense of "break" when used in the financial context, meaning that he had no money left after losing his investment.
• "brake": "Brake" is a device for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle, typically by applying pressure to the wheels. In this context, "brake" doesn't make sense.
• "had been collapse": This option is grammatically incorrect. "Collapse" is a verb meaning to fall down or cave in suddenly; it can also mean to fail suddenly, as in the case of a business or economy. But the proper past perfect form would be "had collapsed". Even then, it doesn't work very well in this sentence because it's usually used to describe entities like businesses or economies, not individuals.
• So, considering all these, option 2 "was broke" is the best choice.
• The completed sentence should read: "He said that he was broke when he lost all his investment in the stock market."

The correct answer is one of the players​.

Key Points

• ​​'One of/only one of' is always followed by a noun/pronoun in the plural form and a verb in the singular form.

• Example:

• One of my friends are a dancer.

• One of my friends is a dancer.

• As per the rule and example given above, 'one of the players​' will be used in the blank part of the given question.
  

Correct Sentence: The man in black thought that he was one of the players​ selected for the team to play at the national level.

• ​If a subject and a verb are joined by a relative pronoun, the verb will agree with the antecedent to the relative pronoun.
• Example:
• He is one of those men who trust everybody whom he socializes with.