CDS English 4 Feb 2018 Official Paper (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is Option 2, i.e. 'Mature'.

Key Points

• 'Ripe' means 'something which has arrived at a fitting stage or advanced or fully grown'.
• The given sentence means that a person who is old and has earned respect is a complete mature man.
• 'Senior' can be the synonym of old but not ripe.
• 'Respectable' man cannot be a perfect man.
• 'Seasoned' person doesn’t suit here at all.
• Hence, the word synonymous with 'ripe' is 'mature', which means 'become fully grown or developed'.

Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

'Repulse' means 'to force back on something maybe like an attack by attackers'.

'Defeat' means to win over something.

'Destroy' means to completely end the existence of something by attacking or damaging.

'Rejected' means to dismiss something inappropriate.

'Repelled' also means to force back on something or to push back on something.

Here, defeated and destroyed suits the sentence but does not fit to be the synonym of repulsed, and rejected is completely a different word.

Therefore, repelled is the correct synonym of repulsed.

Thus, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is Option 1, i.e. 'Hid'.

'Masked' means 'something covered or concealed'.

The given sentence states that she could cover her feelings very skilfully.

Therefore, 'hid' is synonymous with 'masked'.

Other options do not fit here. The meaning of 'flaunted' is to 'show off'.

'Oblique' means 'something which is expressed in an indirect manner' and 'obscure' means 'something which is not known to many people'.

Thus, the correct answer is option 1.

'Vendor' is 'someone who is engaged in selling'.

'One who drives a car' is called a 'Driver'.

'One who works in a hospital' could be 'Doctor/nurse'.

'The one who is employed in food serving' can be 'caterer or waiter'.

Therefore, option 4 is correct, i.e. 'One engaged in selling'.

'Admit' means 'to agree on something or valid'.

'Avow' means 'to declare assuredly or to accept publicly'.

'Receive' doesn’t fit here.

'Accept' means 'to admit something'.

'Concede' means 'agree that something is true after first denying or resisting it'.

Here avow, concede and accept are somewhere close to being synonyms but accept suits the best. 

Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

'Embezzled' means 'to steal'.

'Asserted' means 'to state a fact firmly or confidently'.

'Yielded' is 'to produce'

'Abdicated' is 'fail to fulfil or undertake (a responsibility or duty)'.

Therefore, the correct answer would be 'embezzled'. Thus, the correct answer is option 1.

'Exemplary' is 'used for someone who is serving as a desirable model; very good'.

'Flawed' means 'imperfection'.

'Faulty' is something which is 'not correct or has defects'.

'Ideal' is 'a person or a thing to be perfect or most suitable'.

The meaning of 'boisterous' is 'someone who is noisy or not controlled'.

Hence, Ideal is the correct synonym for exemplary. Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

'Served' means 'to present food or drink to someone'.

'Assisted' means 'to help someone'.

'Obliged' means 'to make it necessary for someone to do something'.

'Waited' is 'to delay an action due to any reason'.

'Offer' is 'to provide something to someone'.

Therefore, option 4 is correct.

'Recommend' is 'to the put forward something with approval that is suitable'.

'Praise' means 'an expression of gratitude or approval'.

'Advise' means 'to offer advice or to give someone official information'.

'Counsel' also 'means to give advice to someone'.

'Suggest' is 'to put forward for consideration'.

Therefore, 'suggest' suits to be the most appropriate answer.

Thus, the correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

Let us look into the meaning of given words:

• 'Save' means 'keep safe or rescue (someone or something) from harm or danger'.
• 'Hide is 'to conceal'.
• 'Rescue' means 'to save'.
• 'Protect' also means 'to save from harm or injury'.
• 'Liberate' means 'set (someone) free from imprisonment, slavery, or oppression', which is completely out of context.

Here, protect fits appropriately as compared to the word 'rescue' in case of the action of death.

Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

Confusion Points

• Even though both the words 'rescue' and 'protect' are synonymous to 'save' but the word 'protect' is correct is accordance with the answer provided in the official answer key.

Option 1 does not have a connection between them. S cannot follow R that is – "of the from the very".

In Option 2, SP forms a proper sequence but SP followed by QR doesn’t even complete the sentence properly.

Option 3, denoting correct order that is 'From the very beginning the British manufacturers were jealous of the popularity of Indian textiles'.

Manufacturers - noun leading to the auxiliary verb.

In option 4, Indian textiles won’t be jealous of anything since it is a non-living thing. Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

PRSQ makes a coherent sentence whereas, in option B, SP as a pair do not have a link in between.

In option 3, the sentence cannot start with "Of the English" because after that, it is not making a link between Q and P.

In option 4, RQ doesn’t connect since textiles cannot replace the English.

Thus, the correct answer is option 1 - PRSQ.

The sentence starting with 'The British manufacturers' suits appropriately because in P the word 'their' denotes the British manufacturers.

Therefore, R is correctly followed by P. Also, the British government is restricting and prohibiting Indian goods in England - SQ forms a sensible part of the sequence.

Therefore, the correct sequence is RPSQ. Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

Option 1  that begins with Q cannot be the starting part because it has the word ‘their' in it which should denote something before it.

Therefore, the sentence cannot start with Q.

In option 2, PR as a pair is inappropriate.

Only option 4 - RPSQ forms a coherent sentence.  Thus, the correct answer is option 4.

Option 1 starting with S gives an incomplete start to the sentence.

In option 2, QP as a pair does not form a sequence because in P ‘it’ is denoted by what is not depicted.

Option 3 is correct because QR that is 'The Industrial Revolution' is the cause of the transformation makes sense.

Then British society seems connected - followed by P and linked by a conjunction 'and'. In option 4, PQ as a pair is incorrect. 

Thus, the correct answer is option 3 - QRSP.

In S it is mentioned 'one of the ….' So, the name of that person should be told either before or after.

Therefore, nowhere PS is given but SP as a starting part of the sequence is there in option 4- correct answer - SPRQ .

Given parts of the statement shows that it would be a cause and effect relationship. Therefore, option A - SPRQ is correct.

"The failure of the British government to accept any of the important demands of the nationalists produced disillusionment."

The correct answer is 'Q R P S'.

Key Points

• The sentence arrangement should follow a coherent and logical sequence. Starting with "modern Japan after 1868" sets the historical context.
• "Q R" introduces the subject (modern Japan after 1868) and the main action (showed that).
• "P S" completes the sentence by presenting what was demonstrated (a backward Asian country could develop itself without Western control).
• This arrangement places the historical event (the rise of modern Japan after 1868) at the forefront, creating a strong foundation for the rest of the statement.
• The selected order effectively communicates the significant achievement of Japan in modernizing independently, a notable historical example of self-led development.
• The full sentence reads clearly and impactfully in this order, delivering the intended message without ambiguity.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

In option A, PQ cannot be in link since P is starting with 'and'.

Option 2 that is SPRQ forms a coherent sentence as compared to the other options available.

Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is 'SQRP'.

Key PointsThe sentence talks about a person, Mr. John, adopting a child named Charles. Given the context, we can infer the following:

• "Mr John" is the subject of the sentence.
• "adopted" is the action that Mr. John took.
• "Charles" is the object of the sentence - the person who Mr. John adopted.
• "as his son" is additional information explaining the relationship Charles has with Mr. John.
• "who was hardly six months old" is a relative clause that provides more information about Charles.

So, the logical arrangement of the sentence is: "Mr John (S) adopted (Q) Charles (R) as his son (P) who was hardly six months old."

This sentence tells us that Mr. John adopted Charles, who was only six months old at the time, and that Charles became Mr. John's son through the adoption.

Hence, the correct sequence is 1) S Q R P.

The correct answer is Absolve

Key Points

• Let us understand the meaning of the given options:

• The blank needs a word that describing freeing a person from guilt

• Thus according to the context of the given sentence, only 'Absolve' fits in.

• आइए हम दिए गए विकल्पों के अर्थ को समझते हैं:

• रिक्त को एक शब्द की आवश्यकता होती है जो किसी व्यक्ति को अपराधबोध से मुक्त करने का वर्णन करता है।
• इस प्रकार दिए गए वाक्य के संदर्भ के अनुसार, केवल 'Absolve' में फिट बैठता है।

Keep off means (of bad weather) fail to occur.

'Put off' is 'some unpleasant quality or nature'.

'Set back' means 'a reversal or check in progress'.

'Stay out' is 'to avoid going into a place'.

In the case of weather, keep off is correct.

Thus, the correct answer is option 1.

'Cut up' means 'to behave in a mischievous manner'.

'Done in' means 'extremely tired'.

'Done out' doesn’t make any sense. Lastly, 'run out' means something used up completely so that nothing is left.

Here, most appropriate is 'done in' that is some of them felt completely tired.

Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is 'Had'.

Key Points

• The given sentence is an example of two simultaneous actions in the past.
• As a general rule, some expressions can be used (often with past perfect tense) to talk about two events that happen one after another. such as scarcely … when / before, hardly … when / before, no sooner … than.
• Let's have a look at the structural  form of the given rule:
• Scarcely/hardly + had + subject + v₃  + object, when + subject + v₂ + object.
• ​Example: 
• ​Scarcely had I reached the station when the train arrived. (correct)
• *Scarcely did/has I reached the station when the train arrived. (incorrect)*​
• According to the explanation and example that are given above, 'Had' is the correct choice for the blank.

Correct sentence: Scarcely had the teacher entered the class when he heard the noise.

• It is wrong to use 'than' instead of 'when' in this given above structure.
• Hardly had I arrived home than my phone rang. (incorrect)​​**

'Get by' is 'to manage with difficulty to live or accomplish something'.

'Get off' is 'to escape a punishment'.

'Get through' is 'to reach a destination or succeed'.

'Get over' is 'to the recover or overcome'.

Hence, 'get over' makes the sentence grammatically and structurally correct. Thus, the correct answer is option 4.

The right phrase is 'to cry over spilt milk' which means to not cry over something which has already happened and cannot be changed now. Therefore, spilt milk is correct.

The correct answer is- 'Wouldn’t'

Key Points

• Use of 'wouldn't' to make the sentence correct.
• Would is the past form of will. One of the main uses of will is to refer to things in the future that we think are certain.
• ​Example: He would lose his job if he were identified.
• According to the context of the given question, 'wouldn't' is the most appropriate answer.
• 'Should' shows 'a compulsion'. It is a probability that since his train will leave after three hours, he would not have left yet. But 'need' and 'must' make doing it essential or put an obligation on him.

Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

Rash driver leads to the potential killer that is if rash driving continues, it might lead to the potential killer in people.

But calling people 'reckless' and 'powerful' killer is a strong statement to make. 'Sure' isn't appropriate.

Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is Gratitude

Key Points

• Let us understand the meaning of the given options:

• The blank must contain a word that demonstrates our thankfulness for what our freedom fighters have done for us.

• Thus according to the context of the given sentence, only 'Gratitude' fits in.

• आइए हम दिए गए विकल्पों के अर्थ को समझते हैं:

• रिक्त में एक शब्द होना चाहिए जो हमारे स्वतंत्रता सेनानियों ने हमारे लिए जो किया है उसके लिए हमारी कृतज्ञता प्रदर्शित करता है।
• इस प्रकार दिए गए वाक्य के संदर्भ के अनुसार, केवल 'Gratitude' में फिट बैठता है।

A wet blanket is a phrase used for a person who destroys the fun of other people and also fails to be its part and disapproves of the activities of others.

In the given statement, all young men were having fun except the one who was a wet blanket. Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

The meanings of some of the given words are:

Naive means 'immature, innocent or inexperienced'.

'Credulous' means 'too ready to believe things'.

Therefore, option 3 - wise is the correct antonym of naive.

The meanings of the given words are:

• 'Suitable' means 'appropriate, right, apt or proper'.
• 'Insufficient' means 'not enough'.
• 'Impertinent' means 'not pertinent to a particular matter; irrelevant.'.

Example: talk of ‘rhetoric’ and ‘strategy’ is impertinent to this process

• 'Befitting' means 'appropriate or suited'.
• 'Congenial' means 'friendly or pleasant'.

Now, looking at the meanings of all the options, 'impertinent' is the correct option. Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

The meanings of the given words are:

• 'Criticism' means 'negative judgements or comments on somebody'.
• 'Scold' means 'to punish someone'.
• 'Scorn' means 'to mock at someone'.
• 'Appreciation' means 'positive compliments for somebody or praising someone'.
• 'Censure' means 'strong disapproval or criticism'.

Therefore, option 3 – Appreciation is correct.

The meanings of the given words are:

• Anxious- to be worried about something.
• Certain- to have no doubt that something is going to happen.
• Composed- calm, settle or under control.
• Heedless- showing a reckless lack of care and attention.

Therefore, 'composed' is the correct antonym. Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is "indolence​".

Key Points

• The term "activity" refers to the state of being active. In this context, it implies the execution of tasks or work, or the pursuit of specific endeavors or fields of study. It is synonymous with words like action, operation, or work.
• An example sentence could be, "The city is always full of activity during the day."
• indolence- to inactivity resulting from a dislike of work Or  inclination to laziness : sloth.
• For example- After a sudden burst of activity, the team lapsed back into indolence.
• Hence, the correct answer will be Option 3, "indolence".

Additional Information

• Option 1, "Dull", is not the correct answer. "Dull" generally refers to something that is not interesting or exciting. While it can imply a lack of activity, it's not a direct antonym of the word "activity" as it does not inherently suggest a state of inactivity.
• "Dormant" refers to a state of rest or inactivity. This term is often used to describe something that is not currently active, but has the potential to become active in the future.

An example sentence could be, "The volcano has been dormant for hundreds of years.

• Option 4, "Idle", is similar to "dormant" in that it signifies a state of inactivity. However, "idle" often carries a connotation of being unproductive or not being used, which is not as closely aligned with the direct antonym of "activity" as "dormant" is.

Therefore, the most appropriate antonym for "activity" in the given sentence is "dormant".

The meanings of the given words are:

• Peculiar- different to what is normal or strange or unusual.
• Unique- something which is different.
• Familiar- well-known.

Therefore, 'unique' is the correct synonym of 'peculiar'. Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

The meanings of the given words are:

• Charming- very pleasant or attractive.
• Enchanting- delightfully charming or attractive.
• Hypnotic- readily holding the attention.
• Repulsive- extremely unpleasant or distasteful.
• Fascinating- very charming or captivating.

So, 'repulsive' is the antonym of 'charming'. Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

The meanings of the given words are:

• Abominable- causing moral revulsion or very bad or unpleasant.
• Abhorrent- something truly horrible or detestable.
• Repugnant is a synonym of abhorrent.
• Reputable- having a good reputation.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4

The meanings of the given words are:

• Fanatical- uncritical zeal with an obsessive single-minded enthusiasm.
• Bigoted- obstinately attached to an opinion or belief.
• Militant- aggressive in support or promotion of a cause.
• Moderate- average in amount or intensity.
• Fervid- intensely enthusiastic or passionate.

It is clear from the meanings that 'moderate' is the correct answer. Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

The meanings of the given words are:

• Vulnerable- prone to danger exposed to the possibility of being attacked.
• Unguarded- not safe.
• Exposed- not covered.
• Resilient- something which is not easily damaged on being hit and who/ which recovers very quickly.

​

Thus, the correct answer is option 4.

Q is linked to S1 as the rules of order and safety say that any man who is weaker cannot be beaten just like that by anyone.

Q is followed by R as the whole sole power is in the hands of law and order. Therefore, disputes are solved by the law. Hence, R is followed by P.

Last sentence S has a link with S6 since both of them are talking about robbery.

Therefore, the correct order is QRPS.

Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

S1 and R are connected because it is mentioned in S1 that men are equal before the law but in R, it is stated where the difference in this equality comes in.

Later, R is followed by P because that difference is further discussed in this. Then, PQ as a pair is correct because after the discussion of differences an example of few families is given.

Q is followed by S as the description of the same room is continued in S and the miserable life of poor people is further mentioned in S6.

The correct order is RPQS.

Thus, the correct answer is option 1.

S1 is being linked to S because some great leader is discussed and his work in history is also mentioned.

S is followed by P because some more work done by him is stated in P.

His continuous efforts are being shown in Q which is further followed by R as the word 'them' in R denotes all his major work.

After stating all his immense work, it is mentioned that this great personality is no more with us, concluding with S6. The correct order is SPQR.

Thus, the correct answer is option 4.

S1 is followed by P as the questions asked in S1 are further asked in P.

PR as a pair is correct since it analyses comfort and cleanliness. The word 'they' in R denotes a connection with P.

But later, the speaker is asking us to be a keen observer - that is pointing to Q. Then the topic of the connection between growth and ideas is carried forward in S, ending it with S6. The correct sequence is PRQS.

Thus, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'P S Q R.'

Key Points 

• While arranging the parts of the passage given in options, we have to find some grammatical or contextual connections between them, so let’s find out.  
• The first statement in the sequence should be the one that best connects with S1.
• It should be a continuation or extension of S1.
• P follows S1 because it is talking more about the technology.
• S follows P because it is saying about the symbol which is mentioned in P.
• Q follows S because it is saying about the inventions that led to changes in agricultural methods.
• Q is directly connected to R as it is talking about the inventions in the technology.
• S6 provides a conclusion to the story.
• Therefore, the sequence is 'S1PSQRS6.'
• Thus, the correct answer is 'P S Q R.'
• ​​The correct sequence:

​

S1: To most people, the term technology conjures up images of mills or machines.

P: The classic symbol of technology is still the assembly line created by Henry Ford half a century ago.

S: This symbol, however, has always been inadequate, for technology has always been more than factories and machines.

Q: The invention of the horse collar in the Middle Ages led to changes in agricultural methods and was as such a technological advance.

R: Moreover, technology includes techniques, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.

S6: It includes ways to make chemical reactions occur, ways to breed fish, plant forests or teach history.

Additional Information 

• Steps for solving Para Jumbles:
• Clues include pronouns, like he, she, it, this, that, these, those; adverbs like formally, really; article a, an and the; definers like actually, finally, another; connectors like but, yet, both, also and neither nor, or, however, nevertheless.
• Now, with the help of clues, try to find out qualifier and qualified sentences, so that we can make pairs of qualified and qualifier sentences to eliminate the wrong choices given in the question.
• After making pairs, start eliminating the wrong choices or options given in the question.
• In case there is more than one choice, try to follow the sequence of sentences according to the occurrence of the events.

Hinglish 

• विकल्पों में दिए गए गद्यांश के भागों को व्यव���्थित करते समय, हमें उनके बीच कुछ व्याकरणिक या प्रासंगिक संबंध खोजने होंगे, तो आइए जानें।
• अनुक्रम में पहला कथन वह होना चाहिए जो S1 के साथ सर्वोत्तम रूप से जुड़ता हो।
• यह S1 की निरंतरता या विस्तार होना चाहिए।
• P, S1 का अनुसरण करता है क्योंकि यह तकनीक के बारे में अधिक बात कर रहा है।
• S, P का अनुसरण करता है क्योंकि यह उस प्रतीक के बारे में कह रहा है जिसका उल्लेख P में है।
• Q, S का अनुसरण करता है क्योंकि यह उन आविष्कारों के बारे में कह रहा है जिनके कारण कृषि विधियों में परिवर्तन हुए।
• Q सीधे R से जुड़ा है क्योंकि यह प्रौद्योगिकी में आविष्कारों के बारे में बात कर रहा है।
• इसलिए, अनुक्रम 'S1PSQRS6' है।
• इस प्रकार, सही उत्तर 'P S Q R' है।

S1 is followed by Q because the word capacity denotes his powers as a secretary.

Q is followed by P because the discussion of the city, Kolkata, is continued. Both P and S give the details of the cities. The passage concludes with R because the author is sharing his experience in the city followed by S6. The correct order is QPSR.

Thus, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is "P R S Q".

Key Points

• The first sentence 'S1' talks about 'the series of concessions to trade and industry last month'.
• This statement will be followed by the sentence 'P' as it states the effect of these changes done by the finance ministry i.e. loss of revenue of Rs. 100 crore
• The sentence S and Q are forming a pair as sentence S talks about custom duty on raw materials and sentence Q talks about the earlier custom duty on raw materials. Hence, option 4 was eliminated.
• As the first part of rearrangement is sentence 'P' we can conclude that the correct rearrangement will be 'PRSQ'.

Therefore, the final answer will be Option 2.

After the attack mentioned in S1, the response to it is given in statement R. R is followed by Q.

His word in Q points to Hitler in statement R. After all this attack, a treaty was signed between the two countries which is mentioned in statement S. Even though the treaty failed, no complaint was registered as such, which is mentioned in statement P and concluding the passage with S6. The correct order is RQSP.

Thus, the correct answer is option 1.

Usher was a quiet person, therefore, the author did not know much about him. So S1 is followed by S.

S and R are connected because even though he did not know much about him, he knew something about his family; that his ancestors were famous. Therefore, R is followed by P.

The words 'many' and 'others' are the connection between P and Q, such that many of his ancestors were known for their artistic and musical abilities but others were known for their charity. The correct order is SRPQ.

Thus, the correct answer is option 4.

The given paragraph is about mass production, so an example of a manufacturer is given in statement R.

The desired decisions of a manufacturer are mentioned in R and Q.

Q is linked to P because the phrase 'these various things' in sentence P denotes food, shelter, etc. 

P is then followed by S because the discussion of money value is taken forward. The correct order is RQPS.

'Irony' refers to the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.

The last statement makes it clear that over-population causes poverty and the country’s stark poverty itself is a major cause of over-population. 

Thus, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is 'Sombre.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the given tones:
• Funny/ humorous: a humorous tone is witty and amusing at the same time. (एक विनोदी स्वर एक ही समय में मजाकिया और मनोरंजक है।)
• Sombre: dark or dull in colour or tone. (रंग या स्वर में गहरा या सुस्त।)
• Didactic: a tone intended to teach, especially in a way that is too determined or eager, and often fixed and unwilling to change. (सिखाने का इरादा एक स्वर, विशेष रूप से इस तरह से जो बहुत दृढ़ या उत्सुक है, और अक्सर निश्चित और बदलने के लिए तैयार नहीं है।)
• Tragic: a tone caused or characterized by extreme distress or sorrow. (अत्यधिक संकट या दुःख के कारण या विशेषता वाला स्वर।)
• In this passage, the author is talking about dark matters like overpopulation, poverty, under-nourishment, and unemployment.
• Therefore, the general tone of the passage is 'Sombre.'

Additional Information

• The tone of the passage represents the author’s sentiment or attitude towards the subject being discussed.
• In other words, it’s the predominant emotion the author displays towards the subject.
• Broadly, the tones used are subjective or objective.
• As you would guess, the objective tone is used when the author chooses to remain neutral and detached.
• On the other hand, a subjective tone reveals the attitude and emotions of the author with respect to the issue.

It is very clearly mentioned in the passage that,

‘It has largely diluted the fruits of the remarkable economic progress that the nation has made'.

Here, 'it' denotes over-population. 

Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

The whole passage mentions that the major reason of over-population is poverty. 

Thus, the correct answer is option 4.

'Diluted/dilution' is 'the process of making something weaker in force'.

'Coalesced' means 'to come together to form one mass'.

'Consolidated' means 'physically more strong or more solid'.

'Compound' means 'to combine'.

'Cheapened' is 'a reduction majorly in case of prices'.

Therefore, 'consolidated' is the correct antonym of 'diluted'.

Thus, the correct answer is option 4.

It is mentioned in the passage that the leaf roller builds a temporary shelter to feed and rest. Also, the aquatic larva makes a portable hideout from fragments of aquatic leaves. Therefore, option 1 is correct.

The given passage says that the jelly slug extruded a sticky translucent coating that may foul the mouth-parts of marauding ants. So, the correct answer is 2.

It is mentioned in the passage that the leaf roller reduces its risks of being picked up by predators and the jelly slug extruded a sticky translucent coating that may foul the mouth-parts of marauding ants. Thus, these two predators and marauding ants are the clear enemies of the caterpillar.

The meaning of 'unpalatable' is 'something which is not good in taste or unpleasant to taste'. In the passage, it is given that jelly slug extruded a sticky translucent coating that may foul the mouth-parts of marauding ants. This means that it is deliberately done to escape from those ants. Thus, the answer is Jelly slug.

The first line of the passage says 'to eat and not be eaten – that’s the imperative of a caterpillar's existence' which means that the life of caterpillar is just to protect themselves.

In the rest of the passage, it is mentioned how these caterpillars try to save themselves from enemies. So, the main idea of the passage is that 'caterpillars have to protect themselves while feeding'.

The word 'Orient' refers to the countries of the East, especially East Asia.

The word 'Occident' refers to the West, especially the areas of Europe and America.

Therefore, the correct option is 2, ie., the East and the West respectively.

It is clearly mentioned in the passage that India and Europe in the 12^th or 13^th century would not have been very great. Differences have been intensified by the process of industrialisation. ​Therefore, the correct option is 4.

The author's opinion on industrialization is complex.

• While the author acknowledges that industrialization has promoted material well-being, the author argues that this has come at a cost to the life of the mind.
• The author suggests that industrialization has created an environment that does not encourage individuals to think, and that this could ultimately lead to the collapse of civilization.
• Thus, while the author does not believe that industrialization is an absolute curse, the author suggests that its negative impacts may outweigh its positive impacts.

Therefore, the correct answer is D, more of a curse than a blessing.

Confusion Points "an absolute curse," is incorrect because the author does not suggest that industrialization is entirely negative.

• While the author does criticize some of the negative impacts of industrialization, such as the destruction of the life of the mind, the author also acknowledges that it has promoted material well-being.
• The author's view on industrialization is nuanced and complex, and cannot be characterized as an "absolute curse."
• Therefore, option 2 is not the correct answer.

In the passage, it is mentioned that industrialization is destroying the life of the mind, which is in a process of deterioration, chiefly because the environment that has been created by it does not give time or opportunity to individuals to think. Therefore, option 4 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 'Impact of Industrialization on our civilization.'

Key Points 

• After reading the whole passage, it can be said that the passage is talking about the drastic effects of industrial growth on our civilization.
• पूरे passage को पढ़ने के बाद, यह कहा जा सकता है कि मार्ग हमारी सभ्यता पर औद्योगिक विकास के कठोर प्रभावों के बारे में बात कर रहा है।
• ​Hence, the correct answer is 'Impact of Industrialization on our civilization.'

Additional Information

• The meaning of the word 'drastic' is likely to have a strong or far-reaching effect; radical and extreme. ('Drastic' शब्द का अर्थ है एक मजबूत या दूरगामी प्रभाव होने की संभावना; कट्टरपंथी और चरम।)
• Example: Many employees have had to take drastic cuts in pay.

In the first sentence of the passage, it is given that it was forbidden (means 'not allowed') by the law and order to take a dog into a public vehicle. Therefore, option 3 is correct.

A sentence in the given passage states that 'wishing to evade (to escape or avoid) the law, she placed her tiny dog in her dress pocket’. Therefore, option 4 is correct.

The given passage says that it so happened that the person next to this lady was a pickpocket, and during the journey, he carefully placed his hand into her pocket in search of her purse. So, option 2 is correct.

The word 'evade' means 'to escape or to avoid'. Therefore, option 1 is correct.

There is a sentence in the passage - 'Great was the horror to find instead a pair of sharp teeth inserted into his finger'. So, it is clear that he was bitten by the dog.

The correct option is- 'A.'

Key Points

• In the sentence, there is an error in the first segment of the sentence.
• To make the sentence correct, replace 'in which you can' with the preposition 'to.'
• Thus option 1 is the correct answer.

The correct sentence is: The best way to open the bottle is by putting it into hot water first.

Additional Information 

• Let's understand the use of in and into:
• We use in to talk about where something is in relation to a larger area around it.
• Example: She’s in the garden.
• We use into to talk about the movement of something, usually with a verb that expresses movement.
• Example: Helen came into the room.

The correct option is- 'B.'

Key Points

• A relative pronoun is a word that connects a noun or a pronoun to another word in the sentence.
• For example, in the sentence “The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting”, the relative pronoun “that” connects the noun “book” to the rest of the sentence.
• Relative pronouns can be either subject or object of a verb or a preposition.
• For example, in the sentence “The girl who lives next door is my friend”, the relative pronoun “who” is the subject of the verb “lives”.
• In the sentence “The man whom I met at the party was very funny”, the relative pronoun “whom” is the object of the preposition “at”.
• The rule is that we use “who” when the relative pronoun is the subject and “whom” when it is the object.
• Therefore, in the sentence “Somebody who I enjoy reading is Tagore”, the relative pronoun “who” is incorrect because it is the object of the verb “enjoy”.
• The correct way to write it is “Somebody whom I enjoy reading is Tagore”.

Additional Information

• Let's understand the use of in and into:
• We use in to talk about where something is in relation to a larger area around it.
• Example: She’s in the garden.
• We use into to talk about the movement of something, usually with a verb that expresses movement.
• Example: Helen came into the room.

Mistake Points

• According to the grammar rules, who is a subjective pronoun that functions as the subject of a sentence or clause, while whom is an objective pronoun that functions as the object of a verb or preposition.
• In the given sentence, the relative pronoun is the object of the verb “enjoy”, so it should be whom.
• The fact that “Tagore” is the object of the main verb “is” does not affect the choice of the relative pronoun.
• The clause “who I enjoy reading” is subordinate to the main clause “Somebody is Tagore”, and the relative pronoun should agree with its own clause.
• A simple trick to test whether to use who or whom is to replace it with he or him. If he fits, use who. If him fits, use whom.
• For example:

Who/whom wrote this book? -> He wrote this book. -> Use who.

Who/whom did you give this book to? -> You gave this book to him. -> Use whom.

The correct option is- 'D.'

Key Points

• There is no error in the sentence "Electricity companies are working throughout days and nights to repair the damage."
• In this sentence, the phrase "working throughout days and nights" is correctly used to express the idea that the electricity companies are working continuously, both during the day and at night, to repair the damage.
• Parts (a), (b), and (c) are all correct in their usage and context:

(a) "Electricity companies are" is the correct subject and verb for the sentence.

(b) "working throughout" is the correct verb phrase to express continuous work.

(c) "days and nights to repair the damage" correctly completes the idea that the work is being done continuously to repair the damage.

• Hence, the correct answer will be Option 4, "D", which indicates that there is no error in the sentence.

The correct option is- 'C.'

Key Points

• The error in the sentence is in part (c), "were pleasant".
• The term "pleasant" is typically used to describe something that gives a sense of happy satisfaction or enjoyment.
• However, it's not usually used to describe test results. Instead, words like "good", "excellent", or "impressive" might be used if the results were positive, or "poor", "disappointing", or "unsatisfactory" if the results were not as hoped.
• Therefore, the corrected sentence would be something like**: "The students’ test results were good."**
• Hence, the correct answer will be Option 3, "C".

Additional Information

• Let's understand the use of apostrophes:
• Apostrophes are used to form the possessive form of a singular noun or a plural noun not ending in s by adding ' and an s at the end. If a plural noun ends in s, only ' should be added.
• Example: *Jone's yard is much bigger than Smith's.*​

The erroneous part is- 'B'. 

Key Points

• According to subject-verb agreement, a singular subject takes a singular verb, and a plural subject takes a plural verb.
• Example: Ram goes to the temple every day.
• When fraction or percentage is used as a subject in a sentence, the structure is as follows:
• One-fourth of/Three-fourths of/Ten per cent of + plural countable noun + plural verb
• One-fourth of/Three-fourths of/Ten per cent of + uncountable noun/singular noun + singular verb
• Example: 
• ​One-fourth of the students have failed.
• Ninety per cent of the information is true.
• One-third of the pizza was eaten. (part of one pizza was eaten)
• Two-thirds of the pizza was eaten. (part of one pizza was eaten)
• In the given sentence, 'book' is a singular noun, and thus, a singular verb (was) must be used.
• So, 'were' should be replaced with 'was' to make the sentence grammatically correct.

The correct sentence is: Two-thirds of the book was rubbish. 

Additional Information 

• Let's learn some more rules of subject-verb agreement:
• When the subject of the sentence is composed of two or more nouns or pronouns connected by and, use a plural verb.
• Example: The doctoral student and the committee members are working every day.
• When there is one subject and more than one verb, the verbs throughout the sentence must agree with the subject.
• Example: Interviews are one way to collect data and allow researchers to gain an in-depth understanding of participants.

The correct answer is- 'B.' 

Key Points

• In the given sentence, there are two errors of the preposition in the second segment of the sentence.
• We are answerable for something and to someone.
• So, the correct preposition would be 'answerable to the court'.
• And it will be **'**the court for any lie' in place of 'with'.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct sentence: You will be answerable to the court for any lies you have told.

Additional Information 

• Let's learn some more rules of to and with:
• Use the preposition 'to' when indicating that there is movement from one place to another.
• Example: We're flying to San Francisco on Thursday for a meeting.
• 'With' often follows adjectives that refer to reactions and feelings.
• Example: I’m delighted with this new jacket.

The correct answer is- 'B.' 

Key Points

• The error is in the second segment of the sentence.
• The word 'anxious' is always followed by the preposition 'about' if its reason follows it.
• And 'have' will be used with its '-ing' form.
• To make the sentence correct replace for with about and have with having.
• Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct sentence: She felt terribly anxious about having to sing in front of such a large audience.

Additional Information 

• Let's learn more about the use of the preposition about:
• The most common meaning of about as a preposition is ‘on the subject of’ or ‘connected with’
• Example: I’m very worried about my brother.
• ​There are some words we don’t use with about: aware, consider, description, discuss, experience and mention.
• Example: She’s not aware of the rules of the road.

The correct option is- 'B.'

Key Points

• Agree to is used to say that you will do something that someone else wants or suggests.
• Here, the sentence gives the sense that he doesn't agree to smack children. (Smack means a sharp slap or blow, typically one given with the palm of the hand)

The correct sentence is: I don’t agree to smacking children if they do something wrong. 

Additional Information

• Let's learn the meaning of 'to agree with something':
• 'To agree with something' means 'to accept it and believe that it is valid'.
• Example: I do not agree with capital punishment.

The correct option is- 'C.'

Key Points

• There is an error of preposition in the third segment of the given sentence.
• Instead of the preposition 'to' it should be 'into', in order to convey the conversion of fruit into jam.
• To make the sentence correct replace to with into.
• Thus option 3 is the correct answer.

The correct sentence is: The fruit can be made into jam. 

Additional Information

• Let's learn more about the preposition into:
• We use into to talk about the movement of something, usually with a verb that expresses movement. It shows where something is or was going.
• Example: She has gone into the house.

The correct option is- 'C.'

Key Points

• There is an error in the third segment of the sentence.
• When one part of the sentence is in the simple past, then the other part of the sentence should be in the past perfect tense.
• To make the sentence correct replace the verb has with had.
• Thus option 3 is the correct answer.

The correct sentence is: I asked him what he had done. 

Additional Information

• Let's learn more about the past perfect tense:
• The past perfect tense is used to talk about actions that were completed before some point in the past and to talk about something that happened before something else.
• Example: She had gone before I arrived.

There is an error in the first segment of the sentence.

Instead of 'have', it should be 'has' because a tornado is singular.

Thus, option 1 is correct.

The error is in the second segment of the statement.

Here, the nurse will not 'let' you give blood if you have any health complications. So, instead of 'leave', it should be 'let'.

Thus, option 2 is correct.

There is an error in the second segment of the sentence.

It says that a prism is used to refract white light so the white light spreads out in a continuous spectrum. But it should be:

A prism is used to refract white light so that it spreads out in a continuous spectrum.

Thus, option 2 is correct.

The error is in the second segment of the sentence.

The word 'form' does not fit here contextually. Therefore, it should be 'formation' because a process is taking place.

The correct sentence will  be:

Because of the movement of a glacier, the formation of the Great Lakes was very slow.

Thus, option 2 is correct.

The error is in the second segment of the sentence. 

Instead of 'twice more than' it should be either 'twice as much as' or 'two times more than'.

The correct sentence will be:

The new model costs twice as much as/two times more than last year's model.

Thus, option 2 is correct.

The error is in the first segment of the sentence.

There is no need for the word 'for' between 'regretted' and 'the fact'.

Hence, it should be:

Gandhi Ji always regretted the fact that people gave him adulation while what he wanted was acceptance of his way of life.

Thus, the correct answer is option 1.

There is an error in the second segment of the sentence.

'Ousted' means 'to drive out or expel from a position'.

Therefore, 'ousted' will be followed by 'from' instead of 'in'.

The correct sentence will be:

The party was ousted from power after twelve years.

Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

There is an error in the second part of the sentence.

In this sentence, "he is being held 'under' the prevention of Terrorism Actä  will be correct, instead of "held 'in' the prevention".

Thus, the correct answer is option 2.

The error is in the third part of the sentence.

Instead of "that 'are' connected with drama", it should be 'that is' because the subject (each and everything) is singular. 

Thus, the correct answer is option 3.

The given sentence is structurally and grammatically correct and hence, correct option is option 4.

The correct answer is 'Joy.'

Key Points

• As it is mentioned in the first sentence that M.S.Subbulakshmi was the greatest musician, then obviously it would bring 'delight' to the people.
• So for the blank space (1), we need a word similar in meaning to 'delight.'
• Let us explore the meanings of the given words:
• Sorrow: a feeling of great sadness because something bad has happened. (बहुत दुख की भावना क्योंकि कुछ बुरा हुआ है।)
• Joy: a feeling of great pleasure, delight and happiness. (बहुत खुशी, खुशी की भावना।)
• Boredom: the state of feeling bored. (ऊब महसूस करने की स्थिति।)
• Pain: highly unpleasant physical sensation caused by illness or injury. (बीमारी या चोट के कारण अत्यधिक अप्रिय शारीरिक अनुभूति।)
• 'Sorrow', 'Boredom' and 'Pain' are negative and the meaning of the word 'joy' is closest to 'delight.'
• Therefore, the correct answer is 'Joy.'
• Correct phrase: Her singing has brought joy to millions of people............

Additional Information

• Let us see the antonym of the given words:

The correct answer is 'In.'

Key Points​

• Let us explore the usage of the given prepositions:
• Over: We use over to talk about movement or position at a higher level than something else. (हम किसी और चीज की तुलना में उच्च स्तर पर स्थिति के बारे में बात करने के लिए over का उपयोग करते हैं।)
• On: We use on to refer to a position on any surface. (हम किसी भी सतह पर स्थिति का उल्लेख करने के लिए on का उपयोग करते हैं।)
• In: We use in to talk about locations within a larger area. (हम एक बड़े क्षेत्र के भीतर स्थानों के बारे में बात करने के लिए in का उपयोग करते हैं।)
• With: With means *‘in the same place as someone or something’ or ‘accompanying.’ (*With का अर्थ है 'किसी के या किसी चीज़ के समान स्थान पर' या 'साथ में।')
• Since her singing has brought joy throughout the country, 'in' is the appropriate preposition.
• Therefore, the correct answer is 'in.'
• Correct phrase: *...........*not only in all parts of India,..........

Additional Information

• Let us explore the usage of the given prepositions in a sentence:

The correct answer is 'Other.'

Key Points​

• Let us explore the meanings of the given words:
• Strange countries: not previously visited, seen, or encountered; unfamiliar or alien countries. (अजीब, अपरिचित या विदेशी देश।)
• Unknown: not known or familiar. (अज्ञात या अपरिचित।)
• Other: used at the end of a list to show that there are more things, without being exact about what they are. (अन्य।)
• Familiar: well known from long or close association. (लंबे या करीबी जुड़ाव से जाना जाने वाला।)
• Since the whole world is being talked 'other' countries is the appropriate fit for the blank.
• Therefore, the correct answer is 'Other.'
• Correct phrase: *..........*but in other parts of the world as well.

Additional Information

• Let us see the synonym of the given words:

The correct answer is 'In.'

Key Points​

• Let us explore the usage of the given prepositions:
• Within: Within means inside or not further than an area or period of time. (Within का मतलब किसी क्षेत्र या समय की अवधि के अंदर और उससे अधिक नहीं।)
• On: We use on to refer to a position on any surface. (हम किसी भी सतह पर स्थिति का उल्लेख करने के लिए on का उपयोग करते हैं।)
• In: We use in to denote during part or all of a period of time. (हम कुछ समय के दौरान या सभी अवधि के दौरान निरूपित करने के लिए in का उपयोग करते हैं।)
• By: By is used to show the person or thing that does something. (By का प्रयोग उस व्यक्ति या वस्तु को दिखाने के लिए किया जाता है जो कुछ करता है।)
• Since a month is being talked about, 'in' is the correct preposition.
• Therefore, the correct answer is 'in.'
• Correct phrase: In October​ 1966 Subbulakshmi was invited to*..........*

Additional Information

• Let us explore the usage of the given prepositions in a sentence:

The correct answer is 'Sing.'

Key Points

• Let us explore the meanings of the given words:
• Dance: move rhythmically to music, typically following a set sequence of steps. (संगीत के लिए लयबद्ध रूप से आगे बढ़ना, आमतौर पर चरणों के एक सेट अनुक्रम का पालन करते हुए।)
• Sing: make musical sounds with the voice, especially words with a set tune. (आवाज के साथ संगीतमय ध्वनियां बनाएं, विशेष रूप से एक निर्धारित धुन वाले शब्द।)
• Speak: say something in order to convey information or to express a feeling. (जानकारी देने या भावना व्यक्त करने के लिए कुछ कहना।)
• Enjoy: take delight or pleasure in (an activity or occasion). ((एक गतिविधि या अवसर) में खुशी होना।))
• It is mentioned in the first sentence that she is a famous singer.
• So, it is clear that she was invited to 'sing' in New York.
• Therefore, the correct answer is 'Sing.'
• Correct phrase: ..........invited to sing in New York, where people.........

Additional Information

• Let us explore the usage of the given words in a sentence:

The correct answer is 'Many.'

Key Points

• Since she is famous worldwide, she has listeners in 'a lot of' foreign countries as well.
• So for the blank space (6), we need a word similar in meaning to 'a lot of.'
• Let us explore the meanings of the given words:
• Many: a large number (of), or a lot (of). (एक बड़ी संख्या (का), या बहुत।
• Few: some, or a small number of something. (कुछ, या किसी चीज़ की एक छोटी संख्या।)
• Backward: not advanced. (पिछड़ा।)
• All: everyone (of), or the complete amount or number (of), or the whole (of). (हर एक (का), या पूरी राशि या संख्या (की), सब।)
• 'Few' and 'backward' are negative words and don't fit the context at all.
• Therefore, the correct answer is 'Many.'
• Correct phrase: .........where people of many foreign countries listened........

Additional Information

• Let us explore the usage of the given words in a sentence:

The correct answer is 'Attentively.'

Key Points

• Since her music is loved by all, therefore people listen to it 'in an attentive way.'
• So for the blank space (7), we need a word similar in meaning to 'in an attentive way.'
• Let us explore the meanings of the given words:
• Attentively: in a way that is attentive (listening carefully or giving careful attention). (एक तरह से जो चौकस हो (ध्यान से सुनना या ध्यान से ध्यान देना)।)
• Quietly: without making much noise. (ज्यादा शोर किए बिना।)
• Indifferently: in a way that shows you are not thinking about or interested in someone or something. (एक तरह से जो दर्शाता है कि आप किसी के बारे में या किसी चीज़ के बारे में नहीं सोच रहे हैं या उसमें दिलचस्पी नहीं है।)
• Boldly: in a brave and confident way, without showing any fear. (बिना किसी डर के, एक बहादुर और आत्मविश्वास से भरे तरीके से।)
• 'Quietly' and 'indifferently' are negative words and are thus eliminated and the meaning of the word 'attentively' is closest to the meaning of 'in an attentive way.'
• Therefore, the correct answer is 'Attentively.'
• Correct phrase: ..........countries listened to her music attentively.

Additional Information

• Let us explore the usage of the given words in a sentence: