General Awareness PYQs

The correct answer is Judiciary.

Key Points

• Ranjana Prakash Desai is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India.
• She has served in the judiciary system and has made significant contributions to the legal field.
• As a judge, she has been involved in several landmark judgments and cases.
• Her appointment as the chairperson of the Press Council of India marks a significant milestone as she is the first woman to hold this position.

Additional Information

• Judiciary:
• The judiciary is one of the three pillars of democracy, the other two being the legislature and the executive.
• It is responsible for interpreting the laws, ensuring justice, and maintaining the rule of law in the country.
• The judiciary comprises various levels of courts, including the Supreme Court, High Courts, and lower courts.
• Judges in the judiciary system play a crucial role in adjudicating disputes, protecting rights, and upholding the Constitution.
• Press Council of India (PCI):
• The Press Council of India is a statutory body established under the Press Council Act of 1978.
• It aims to preserve the freedom of the press and maintain and improve the standards of newspapers and news agencies in India.
• The PCI acts as a watchdog of the press, ensuring ethical standards and addressing complaints against the press.
• The chairperson of the PCI is typically a retired judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court.
• Supreme Court of India:
• The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority in the country.
• It has the power of judicial review, which allows it to invalidate laws and executive actions that are inconsistent with the Constitution.
• It comprises the Chief Justice of India and a number of other judges as prescribed by law.
• The Supreme Court ensures the protection of fundamental rights and resolves disputes between the central and state governments.

The correct answer is Maharashtra.

Key Points

• Maharashtra is the state with the maximum number of large dams in India, having more than 1800 dams.
• The state has a large number of irrigation projects, with the largest dam being the Jayakwadi Dam on the Godavari River.
• Maharashtra's dams are crucial for water storage, irrigation, and hydroelectric power generation.
• The state has invested heavily in water resources infrastructure to support its agricultural and industrial sectors.

Additional Information

• Large Dams in India
• A large dam is defined by the International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) as a dam with a height of 15 meters or more from the foundation.
• India has over 5200 large dams, which are used for irrigation, water supply, hydroelectric power, and flood control.
• The Bhakra-Nangal Dam on the Sutlej River is one of the highest gravity dams in the world.
• The Tehri Dam in Uttarakhand is the highest dam in India and one of the highest in the world.
• Irrigation Projects
• Irrigation projects in India include the construction of canals, wells, and dams to support agricultural activities.
• The major irrigation projects include the Indira Gandhi Canal in Rajasthan and the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam in Andhra Pradesh.
• Irrigation is vital for India’s agriculture, which is highly dependent on monsoon rains.
• Hydroelectric Power
• Hydroelectric power is generated by using the energy of falling or flowing water to turn turbines connected to generators.
• India has significant hydroelectric potential, with major hydroelectric projects located in the Himalayan region.
• The Sardar Sarovar Dam on the Narmada River is one of the largest water resource projects in India, providing both irrigation and hydroelectric power.

The correct answer is Helium.

Key Points

• Helium is a noble gas and is represented by the symbol He.
• It is the second lightest and second most abundant element in the observable universe.
• Helium is a monoatomic gas, meaning it exists as single atoms rather than molecules.
• It is chemically inert and does not easily form compounds with other elements.

Additional Information

• Monoatomic Molecule
• A monoatomic molecule consists of a single atom, unlike diatomic or polyatomic molecules which consist of two or more atoms.
• Examples of monoatomic molecules include noble gases like Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), and Xenon (Xe).
• These elements exist as individual atoms because their outer electron shells are complete, making them highly stable and unreactive.
• Carbon Monoxide (CO)
• Carbon monoxide is a diatomic molecule consisting of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom.
• It is a colorless, odorless, and highly toxic gas.
• CO is produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels.
• Oxygen (O₂)
• Oxygen is a diatomic molecule consisting of two oxygen atoms.
• It is essential for respiration in most living organisms.
• Oxygen makes up about 21% of the Earth's atmosphere.
• Chlorine (Cl₂)
• Chlorine is a diatomic molecule consisting of two chlorine atoms.
• It is a greenish-yellow gas with a strong, pungent odor.
• Chlorine is used in water purification, disinfectants, and the production of many consumer products.

The correct answer is Thane.

Key Points

• Thane district, located in the state of Maharashtra, displays the highest population according to the Census 2011.
• The population of Thane district as per Census 2011 is approximately 11 million.
• The district is known for its rapid urbanization and proximity to Mumbai, the financial capital of India.
• Thane has a mix of residential, industrial, and commercial areas contributing to its high population density.

Additional Information

• Census:
• A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population.
• The Indian Census is conducted every ten years and is the largest single source of a variety of statistical information on different characteristics of the people of India.
• The Census 2011 was the 15^th National Census of the Country since 1872 and the 7^th after independence.
• Population Density:
• It refers to the number of people living per unit of an area (e.g., per square kilometer).
• Higher population density areas are often urban centers with significant economic activities and employment opportunities.
• Urbanization:
• Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas, and the ways in which each society adapts to this change.
• Thane's rapid urbanization has been influenced by its proximity to Mumbai, leading to increased migration and development.
• Maharashtra:
• Maharashtra is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau.
• It is the second-most populous state in India and has a significant contribution to the country's economy.

The correct answer is Only 1, 3 and 4.

Key Points

• The Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0 scheme is a restructured scheme from the previous 'Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)' scheme.
• This scheme is implemented under the Ministry of Women and Child Development.
• It is not just limited to children aged below 6 years but also includes pregnant women and lactating mothers.
• Six services provided under this scheme include supplementary nutrition, pre-school non-formal education, nutrition & health education, immunization, health check-up, and referral services.

Additional Information

• Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0
• This is a flagship program of the Government of India aimed at improving the nutritional and health status of children, pregnant women, and lactating mothers.
• It is a Centrally-Sponsored Scheme and not under the National Food Security Act, 2003.
• The scheme is designed to address the challenges of malnutrition and to ensure holistic development of children.
• It integrates supplementary nutrition, early childhood care, and education, maternal care, and various health services.
• Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
• Launched on 2^nd October 1975, ICDS is one of the world's largest programs for early childhood care and development.
• ICDS aims to provide food, preschool education, primary healthcare, immunization, health check-up, and referral services to children under 6 years of age and their mothers.
• It is a significant step towards meeting the nutritional and health needs of the most vulnerable sections of society.
• National Food Security Act, 2013
• The National Food Security Act, 2013 (also known as the Right to Food Act), was legislated by the Indian Parliament in 2013.
• The Act aims to provide subsidized food grains to approximately two-thirds of India's 1.2 billion people.
• It includes provisions for both rural and urban populations and covers a range of food security measures.

The correct answer is Seventh.

Key Points

• The slogan 'food, work, and productivity' was used during the Seventh Five-Year Plan of India.
• This plan was implemented during the period from 1985 to 1990.
• The main focus was on increasing agricultural production, employment, and productivity in various sectors.
• It aimed to achieve self-sufficiency in food grains and increase employment opportunities to reduce poverty.

Additional Information

• Five-Year Plans of India
• India's Five-Year Plans were centralized and integrated national economic programs. These plans aimed at economic development and were formulated by the Planning Commission of India.
• The First Five-Year Plan (1951-1956) focused on agriculture and energy.
• The Second Five-Year Plan (1956-1961) aimed at the rapid industrialization of the country.
• The Third Five-Year Plan (1961-1966) focused on agriculture and improving production of wheat.
• The Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969-1974) aimed at growth with stability and progressive achievement of self-reliance.
• The Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974-1979) focused on poverty alleviation and achieving self-reliance.
• The Sixth Five-Year Plan (1980-1985) emphasized the elimination of poverty and technological self-reliance.
• The Seventh Five-Year Plan (1985-1990) focused on "food, work, and productivity."
• The Eighth Five-Year Plan (1992-1997) aimed at improving the quality of life, generating employment, and reducing inequality.
• The Ninth Five-Year Plan (1997-2002) aimed at achieving a rapid and sustainable growth rate.
• The Tenth Five-Year Plan (2002-2007) focused on reducing poverty and achieving a growth rate of 8% per annum.
• The Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007-2012) aimed at inclusive growth.
• The Twelfth Five-Year Plan (2012-2017) focused on faster, more inclusive and sustainable growth.
• Planning Commission of India
• The Planning Commission was an institution in the Government of India, which formulated India's Five-Year Plans, among other functions.
• It was established in March 1950 by an executive resolution of the Government of India, on the recommendation of the Planning Commission's Report.
• The Planning Commission was replaced by the NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) in 2015.

The correct answer is CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq).

Key Points

• Quick lime is chemically known as calcium oxide (CaO).
• When quick lime reacts with water, it forms calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), also known as slaked lime.
• This reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat.
• The chemical equation for this reaction is: CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq).

Additional Information

• Quick Lime (Calcium Oxide)
• Quick lime, or calcium oxide (CaO), is a white, caustic, alkaline substance.
• It is produced by heating limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO3) to a high temperature, a process known as calcination.
• CaO is widely used in industrial processes such as steelmaking, chemical production, and wastewater treatment.
• Calcium Hydroxide
• Calcium hydroxide, also known as slaked lime, is a compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)2.
• It is a white powdery substance that forms when calcium oxide reacts with water.
• Ca(OH)2 is used in the construction industry to make mortar and plaster, in the food industry for processing water and as a food additive, and in various chemical processes.
• Exothermic Reactions
• An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat or light.
• In the reaction of calcium oxide with water, the release of heat is significant enough to make the mixture hot and sometimes boiling.
• Exothermic reactions are used in various applications, including heat packs, combustion engines, and industrial manufacturing processes.

The correct answer is Bharatanatyam.

Key Points

• Yamini Krishnamurthy is a renowned Indian dancer known for her proficiency in Bharatanatyam.
• She began her Bharatanatyam training at the age of 5.
• Yamini Krishnamurthy has received numerous awards including the Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan for her contributions to Indian classical dance.
• She has performed Bharatanatyam extensively both in India and internationally, promoting the dance form worldwide.

Additional Information

• Bharatanatyam
• Bharatanatyam is one of the oldest classical dance traditions of India, originating from Tamil Nadu.
• It is known for its fixed upper torso, bent legs, and intricate footwork combined with expressive hand gestures and facial expressions.
• Bharatanatyam performances are usually accompanied by classical Carnatic music.
• The dance form has a rich history and was traditionally performed in temples by Devadasis.
• Mohiniyattam
• Mohiniyattam is a classical dance form from Kerala.
• It is characterized by graceful, swaying body movements and subtle expressions.
• Mohiniyattam is typically performed as a solo dance by women.
• Odissi
• Odissi is a classical dance form from the state of Odisha.
• It is known for its lyrical grace and expressive eye movements.
• Odissi dance is distinguished by its intricate footwork and is often performed to traditional Odia music.
• Sattriya
• Sattriya is a classical dance form from Assam.
• It was introduced by the Vaishnava saint Srimanta Sankardev in the 15^th century.
• Sattriya dance is performed in monasteries called Satras and often depicts mythological stories.

The correct answer is Pandit Bhimsen Joshi.

Key Points

• Pandit Bhimsen Joshi was the first vocalist to receive the Bharat Ratna in 2009.
• He is renowned for his contribution to Hindustani classical music.
• He is credited with popularising the 'Khyal Gayaki' style of singing.
• His music is characterized by a powerful voice and intricate improvisations.

Additional Information

• Bharat Ratna
• The Bharat Ratna is India's highest civilian award, given for exceptional service towards the advancement of Art, Literature, and Science, and in recognition of public service of the highest order.
• It was instituted in 1954 and the recipients receive a certificate known as 'Sanad' signed by the President of India and a medallion.
• The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister of India to the President, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded each year.
• Khyal Gayaki
• 'Khyal' is a form of vocal music in Hindustani classical music.
• It is characterized by a greater emphasis on improvisation and flexibility.
• This style of singing allows the artist to explore the raga extensively, often with intricate and complex patterns.
• The word 'Khyal' means imagination, thought, or idea, reflecting the creative freedom this style offers to the performer.
• Pandit Bhimsen Joshi
• Pandit Bhimsen Joshi was born on February 4, 1922, in Gadag, Karnataka.
• He belonged to the Kirana gharana and was a disciple of Sawai Gandharva.
• He was known for his deep, robust voice and mastery over ragas such as Puriya Dhanashree, Multani, and Miyan Ki Todi.
• In addition to Bharat Ratna, he was also awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, Padma Shree, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Vibhushan.

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh.

Key Points

• The third edition of the Khelo India University Games was hosted by the state of Uttar Pradesh.
• The event is organized as part of the Khelo India initiative, which aims to promote sports and fitness among youth in India.
• The University Games provide a platform for university athletes to showcase their talents and compete at a national level.
• The Khelo India University Games help in the identification and nurturing of young sports talents across various disciplines.

Additional Information

• Khelo India Initiative
• The Khelo India initiative was launched by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports in 2018 to revive the sports culture in India at the grass-root level.
• It aims to build a strong framework for all sports played in the country and establish India as a great sporting nation.
• The program includes the Khelo India School Games, Khelo India Youth Games, and Khelo India University Games, among others.
• It provides financial assistance to talented players identified through these games, supporting their training and development.
• Previous Editions of Khelo India University Games
• The first edition of the Khelo India University Games was held in Odisha in 2020.
• The second edition took place in Karnataka in 2021.
• The games have seen participation from universities across the country, with athletes competing in various sports like athletics, swimming, basketball, football, and more.
• Impact of Khelo India University Games
• The games have played a crucial role in promoting sports among university students and encouraging a healthy lifestyle.
• They have helped in the identification of future sports stars who have the potential to represent India at international levels.
• The games have also contributed to the development of sports infrastructure in the host states.

The correct answer is Pandit Vishnu Digambar Paluskar.

Key Points

• Pandit Vishnu Digambar Paluskar was one of the foremost figures in the revival of Hindustani classical music in the early 20^th century.
• He founded the Gandharva Mahavidyalaya in 1901, which was instrumental in the democratization of classical music education.
• Pandit Omkar Nath Thakur was deeply influenced by Paluskar's teachings and philosophy of music.
• Paluskar's efforts were significant in promoting classical music among the masses and establishing structured music education in India.

Additional Information

• Pandit Vishnu Digambar Paluskar
• He was born on August 18, 1872, in Kurundwad, Maharashtra.
• He was a renowned Hindustani classical musician and is credited with creating a structured system of music education.
• Paluskar's efforts led to the founding of several music schools across India, ensuring the spread of classical music education.
• He composed many bhajans and patriotic songs, the most famous being "Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram".
• Gandharva Mahavidyalaya
• Established by Paluskar in 1901 in Lahore (now in Pakistan), it was the first institution to provide formal training in Hindustani classical music.
• The institution has branches all over India and continues to be a significant center for music education.
• Gandharva Mahavidyalaya’s curriculum blends traditional gurukul methods with modern educational techniques.
• Hindustani Classical Music
• It is one of the two main subgenres of Indian classical music, the other being Carnatic music.
• It originated in the northern part of India and encompasses a wide range of vocal and instrumental styles.
• Key features include ragas (melodic frameworks) and talas (rhythmic cycles).
• Music Education in India
• Formal music education in India has a rich history, with traditional gurukul systems being the earliest form of structured training.
• Modern institutions like Gandharva Mahavidyalaya and the Bhatkhande Music Institute have played crucial roles in popularizing classical music education.
• These institutions have produced many renowned musicians and have contributed significantly to the preservation and promotion of Indian classical music.

The correct answer is 0.035.

Key Points

• The rate of unemployment in Maharashtra for the year 2021-22 was reported to be 0.035 by the Ministry of Labour and Employment.
• This figure represents the proportion of the labor force that was unemployed during this period.
• Unemployment rate is a crucial economic indicator that reflects the overall health of an economy.
• A lower unemployment rate typically indicates better economic conditions and higher employment levels.

Additional Information

• Unemployment Rate:
• It is the percentage of the labor force that is jobless and actively seeking employment.
• The formula for calculating the unemployment rate is: (Number of Unemployed / Labor Force) x 100.
• It is a key indicator used to measure the economic health of a region.
• High unemployment rates may indicate economic distress, while low rates may suggest a healthy economy.
• Ministry of Labour and Employment:
• It is a branch of the Government of India responsible for protecting and safeguarding the interests of workers in general and the poor, deprived, and disadvantaged sections of the society.
• It aims to create a healthy work environment for higher production and productivity and to develop and coordinate vocational skill training and employment services.
• The Ministry oversees a number of labor laws, employment policies, welfare schemes, and initiatives aimed at improving the employment landscape in India.
• Economic Indicators:
• Economic indicators are statistics that provide information about the economic performance of a country and its economic health.
• Common indicators include GDP, unemployment rates, inflation rates, and consumer price indices.
• Policymakers, economists, and analysts use these indicators to understand the current state of the economy and to guide economic policy decisions.

The correct answer is Durga.

Key Points

• Navratri is a Hindu festival that spans nine nights and is dedicated to the worship of the Hindu deity Durga.
• During Navratri, nine forms of Durga, also known as Navdurga, are worshipped each day.
• The festival symbolizes the victory of good over evil, as it commemorates Durga's triumph over the buffalo demon Mahishasura.
• Navratri is celebrated with great fervor and involves fasting, feasting, dancing (Garba and Dandiya), and various cultural activities.

Additional Information

• Navratri:
• Navratri, meaning "nine nights," is a major Hindu festival observed in honor of the goddess Durga, who is regarded as the divine mother and the ultimate power in the universe.
• The festival occurs in the lunar month of Ashvin, which typically falls in September or October.
• The nine nights of Navratri are dedicated to the nine forms of Durga: Shailaputri, Brahmacharini, Chandraghanta, Kushmanda, Skandamata, Katyayani, Kalaratri, Mahagauri, and Siddhidatri.
• Each day of Navratri has its own significance, rituals, and practices, reflecting different aspects and attributes of the goddess Durga.
• Durga Puja:
• Durga Puja is a major festival celebrated particularly in the Indian states of West Bengal, Odisha, Assam, Tripura, and Bihar during the last five days of Navratri.
• It marks the victory of the goddess Durga over the evil buffalo demon Mahishasura, symbolizing the victory of good over evil.
• The festival is characterized by elaborate decorations, artistic displays, cultural performances, and grand processions.
• Devotees offer prayers, perform rituals, and partake in communal feasts during Durga Puja.
• Garba and Dandiya Raas:
• Garba and Dandiya Raas are traditional dance forms performed during Navratri, especially in the Indian state of Gujarat.
• Garba involves rhythmic clapping and circular movements around a central image or representation of the goddess Durga.
• Dandiya Raas, also known as "stick dance," involves pairs of dancers striking small sticks (dandiyas) together in sync with the music.
• These dance forms are not only a way to celebrate the festival but also a means to seek the blessings of the goddess and enjoy the festive spirit.
• Fasting and Feasting:
• Fasting during Navratri is a common practice among devotees, symbolizing purification and devotion.
• Different regions have their own fasting rules and dietary restrictions, often involving abstaining from grains, meats, and certain vegetables.
• Feasting on special Navratri delicacies, such as sabudana khichdi, kuttu ki puri, and various fruits, is an integral part of the celebration.
• The end of the fasting period is marked by communal feasts and sharing of food, signifying unity and joy.

The correct answer is Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan.

Key Points

• Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as Bacha Khan or Frontier Gandhi, was a prominent freedom fighter and a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi.
• He founded the Khudai Khidmatgar (Servants of God) movement in 1929, which was a non-violent movement against British rule.
• The Khudai Khidmatgar movement was based in the North-West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan).
• The movement played a significant role in the Indian independence struggle and promoted education, social reforms, and the unity of the Pashtun people.

Additional Information

• Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan:
• Born on 6 February 1890, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was a Pashtun independence activist who worked to end the British rule in India.
• He was a devout Muslim and a follower of non-violence, which earned him the nickname "Frontier Gandhi."
• He founded several educational institutions and worked towards the upliftment of the Pashtun community.
• He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in 1987.
• Khudai Khidmatgar Movement:
• The Khudai Khidmatgar movement was also known as the "Red Shirts" due to the red uniforms worn by its members.
• The movement emphasized non-violence, social reform, and the promotion of education and unity among the Pashtuns.
• It played a crucial role in mobilizing the Pashtun population against British colonial rule.
• Despite facing severe repression from the British authorities, the movement remained committed to its principles of non-violence and social justice.
• Other Related Leaders:
• Muhammad Ali Jinnah: He was the leader of the All-India Muslim League and the founder of Pakistan. He played a crucial role in the creation of Pakistan in 1947.
• Hakim Ajmal Khan: He was a prominent Indian freedom fighter and a renowned physician. He was one of the founders of the Jamia Millia Islamia University in Delhi.
• Maulana Muhammad Ali: He was a prominent Indian Muslim leader, scholar, and journalist who played a significant role in the Khilafat Movement and the Indian independence struggle.

The correct answer is 3.

Key Points

• Vijender Singh has represented India in the Olympics for a total of three times.
• He participated in the 2004 Athens Olympics, 2008 Beijing Olympics, and the 2012 London Olympics.
• Vijender Singh is a celebrated Indian boxer who has made significant contributions to the sport in India.
• He is notable for winning India's first-ever Olympic medal in boxing, which he achieved in the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

Additional Information

• Olympics Overview
• The Olympics are a leading international sporting event featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions.
• The modern Olympic Games were first held in 1896 in Athens, Greece.
• The Olympics are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart.
• The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is responsible for organizing the Games and overseeing the host city's preparations.
• Vijender Singh's Achievements
• Vijender Singh Beniwal, born on October 29, 1985, is an Indian professional boxer and former amateur boxer.
• He won a bronze medal in the middleweight category at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, making him the first Indian boxer to win an Olympic medal.
• Vijender has also won medals at the Commonwealth Games and the Asian Games, adding to his impressive list of achievements.
• He turned professional in 2015 and has since continued to make a mark in the professional boxing circuit.
• Boxing in the Olympics
• Boxing has been a part of the Olympic Games since its inclusion in the 1904 St. Louis Games.
• The competition is divided into different weight categories, and boxers compete in a knockout format to win medals.
• Olympic boxing matches are typically shorter than professional bouts, consisting of three three-minute rounds.
• The scoring system is based on the number of clean punches landed, and judges decide the winner if there is no knockout.

The correct answer is Wrestling.

Key Points

• India's first individual Olympic medal was won by Khashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav in the sport of wrestling.
• He won the bronze medal in the 1952 Helsinki Olympics.
• Khashaba Jadhav competed in the freestyle bantamweight category.
• This achievement marked a significant milestone for India in the Olympic Games.

Additional Information

• Olympic Games:
• The Olympic Games are a leading international sporting event featuring summer and winter sports competitions.
• Thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions.
• The Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart.
• Freestyle Wrestling:
• Freestyle wrestling is a style of amateur wrestling that is practiced worldwide.
• It is one of the two wrestling disciplines featured in the Olympic Games, the other being Greco-Roman.
• In freestyle wrestling, competitors are allowed to use their legs for both offense and defense, which differentiates it from Greco-Roman wrestling.
• Khashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav:
• Khashaba Jadhav was an Indian wrestler who competed in the 1948 London Olympics and the 1952 Helsinki Olympics.
• He is remembered for his remarkable achievement in the 1952 Helsinki Olympics, where he won the bronze medal.
• Jadhav's victory was a historic moment for India, bringing the country its first individual Olympic medal.

The correct answer is Jagdish Bhagwati.

Key Points

• Jagdish Bhagwati is an eminent Indian-American economist known for his extensive research in international trade and economic development.
• He has served as a professor at Columbia University and has been a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations.
• Bhagwati has received several prestigious awards and honors, including the Padma Vibhushan, India’s second-highest civilian award.
• He has authored numerous influential books and articles that have significantly shaped modern economic policies and theories.

Additional Information

• Prof. C.R. Rao Centenary Gold Medal
• This award was instituted in honor of Professor Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao, a renowned statistician whose contributions have had a profound impact on statistical theory and its applications.
• The award recognizes outstanding contributions to the fields of statistics and probability.
• It aims to promote and encourage the pursuit of excellence in research and innovation in these fields.
• The inaugural award in 2021 highlighted the importance of statistical sciences in various domains including economics, medicine, and social sciences.
• International Trade and Economic Development
• International trade refers to the exchange of goods and services between countries, which allows nations to expand their markets and access goods and services that may not be available domestically.
• Economic development involves sustained and concerted actions by policymakers and communities to improve the standard of living and economic health of a specific area.
• Economists like Jagdish Bhagwati have emphasized the role of free trade in promoting economic growth and development, arguing that open markets lead to more efficient resource allocation and increased innovation.
• Debates in this field often revolve around the balance between globalization's benefits and its potential drawbacks, such as economic inequality and environmental impact.
• Columbia University
• Founded in 1754, Columbia University is an Ivy League research university located in New York City.
• It is one of the world's leading institutions for higher education and research, known for its distinguished faculty and alumni, including numerous Nobel laureates and influential public figures.
• The university's Department of Economics is highly regarded, offering rigorous programs and fostering innovative research in various economic fields.
• Columbia has played a significant role in shaping modern economic thought and policy, with many of its faculty members being prominent economists.

The correct answer is Geetanjali Lal.

Key Points

• Geetanjali Lal is a renowned Kathak dancer and not associated with Odissi dance.
• Kathak is one of the eight major forms of Indian classical dance. Its origin is traditionally attributed to the traveling bards of ancient northern India known as Kathakars or storytellers.
• Geetanjali Lal has made significant contributions to the Kathak dance form and is known for her performances and teaching.
• Other dancers mentioned in the options, such as Mayadhar Raut, Kiran Segal, and Kumkum Mohanty, are all associated with Odissi, a classical dance form from the state of Odisha.

Additional Information

• Odissi Dance:
• Odissi is one of the classical dance forms of India originating from the state of Odisha in eastern India.It is known for its grace, fluid movements, and expressive gestures.
• The dance form is characterized by its intricate footwork, elaborate costumes, and jewelry.
• Odissi draws heavily from the ancient Sanskrit texts on dance called the "Natya Shastra".
• Kathak Dance:
• Kathak is a North Indian classical dance form that originated from the storytelling tradition.
• It is known for its intricate footwork, spins, and expressive gestures.
• The dance form has both Hindu and Mughal influences, and it evolved during the Bhakti movement and later in the courts of the Mughal emperors.
• Mayadhar Raut:
• Mayadhar Raut is a celebrated guru and exponent of the Odissi dance form.
• He has contributed significantly to the revival and popularization of Odissi dance.
• Kiran Segal:
• Kiran Segal is a renowned Odissi dancer and has been trained under the guidance of prominent Odissi gurus.
• She has performed extensively in India and abroad, promoting the art form.
• Kumkum Mohanty:
• Kumkum Mohanty is a distinguished Odissi dancer and choreographer.
• She has been awarded several prestigious honors for her contributions to Indian classical dance.

The correct answer is Article 75.

Key Points

• Article 75 of the Indian Constitution deals with the appointment of the Prime Minister and other ministers by the President.
• It states that the Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.
• The article also discusses the collective responsibility of the Council of Ministers to the House of the People (Lok Sabha).
• It mentions that the Ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the President.

Additional Information

• Article 62
• Article 62 deals with the time of holding election to fill a vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of the elected person.
• It specifies that an election to fill the vacancy caused by the expiration of the term of office of President shall be completed before the expiration of the term.
• It also states that an election to fill a vacancy in the office of President occurring by reason of his death, resignation, or removal, or otherwise, shall be held as soon as possible after, and in no case later than six months from, the date of occurrence of the vacancy.
• Article 66
• Article 66 deals with the election of the Vice-President of India.
• The Vice-President is elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of the members of both Houses of Parliament.
• The election is held in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote and the voting is by secret ballot.
• Article 71
• Article 71 deals with matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President.
• It states that all doubts and disputes arising out of or in connection with the election of a President or Vice-President shall be inquired into and decided by the Supreme Court whose decision shall be final.

The correct answer is President.

Key Points

• The oath of office to the Vice-President of India is administered by the President of India.
• This ceremony usually takes place in the Central Hall of Parliament.
• The Vice-President, before entering upon his office, makes and subscribes to an oath or affirmation.
• In the oath, the Vice-President swears to bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India and to discharge the duties of his office faithfully.

Additional Information

• Chief Justice of India:
• The Chief Justice of India (CJI) is the head of the judiciary of India and the Supreme Court of India.
• The CJI is responsible for the allocation of cases and appointment of constitutional benches that deal with important matters of law.
• They hold the position until they reach the age of 65.
• Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG):
• The CAG is an authority, established by the Constitution of India, who audits all receipts and expenditure of the Government of India and the state governments.
• The CAG is also the external auditor of government-owned corporations and conducts supplementary audits of government companies.
• The CAG is appointed for a term of six years or until the age of 65, whichever is earlier.
• Prime Minister:
• The Prime Minister of India is the head of government and is appointed by the President of India.
• The Prime Minister leads the executive branch of the Government of India and is the chief advisor to the President of India.
• The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the party or coalition that has a majority in the Lok Sabha.