SSC CGL 2023 Tier-I Official Paper (Held On: 26 Jul 2023 Shift 4) (Previous Year Paper)

The least possible Venn diagram for the given relations is as shown below :

• All Alligators are Reptiles.
• All Reptiles are Animals.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "QNMQ".

The logic followed here is :-

Logic: (Second number - First number) × 2 = Third number.

• ​(5, 13, 16) → (13 - 5) × 2 = 8 × 2 = 16

and

• (4, 11, 14) → (11 - 4) × 2 = 7 × 2 = 14

Similarly,

1) (8, 13, 10) → (13 - 8) × 2 = 5 × 2 = 10

2) (12, 21, 18) → (21 - 12) × 2 = 9 × 2 = 18

3) (7, 17, 20) → (17 - 7) × 2 = 10 × 2 = 20

4) (9, 21, 26) → (21 - 9) × 2 = 12 × 2 = 24 ≠ 26.

Hence, the correct answer is "(9, 21, 26)".

Mistake PointsThe question is asking to find the Not correct, so solve accordingly.

The logic followed here is :-

By using BODMAS RULE :

Given expression is : 26 - 13 + 144 × 18 ÷ 81

After replacing operators in place of alphabets the expression is as follows : 26 × 13 - 144 ÷ 18 + 81

= 26 × 13 - 144 ÷ 18 + 81

= 26 × 13 - 8 + 81

= 338 - 8 + 81

= 419 - 8

= 411

Hence, the correct answer is "411".

The logic followed here is :-

(Second number × Third number) ÷ 10

• (60, 15, 40) → (15 × 40) ÷ 10 = 600 ÷ 10 = 60

and

• (100, 50, 20) → (50 × 20) ÷ 10 = 1000 ÷ 10 = 100

Similarly,

• (200, 40, 50) → (40 × 50) ÷ 10 = 2000 ÷ 10 = 200

Hence, the correct answer is "(200, 40, 50)".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Preparing the family tree using the following symbols:

According to the given information,

The given expression is :  

'P ÷ Q - R + S - K × L' → P is sister of Q, Q is mother of R, R is brother of S, S is mother of K, K is husband of L.

Hence, the correct answer is "R is K's mother's brother".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "93".

The logic followed here is :-

(First number × 2) + 4

1) 15 ∶ 34 → (15 × 2) + 4 = 30 + 4 = 34

2) 1 ∶ 6 → (1 × 2) + 4 = 2 + 4 = 6

3) 7 ∶ 18 → (7 × 2) + 4 = 14 + 4 = 18

4) 18 ∶ 42 → (18 × 2) + 4 = 36 + 4 = 40

Hence, correct answer is "18 ∶ 42".

The figure that will replace the question mark (?) in the following figure series is shown below:

1. For 1st box → From the given word "SLATED" :

• First and third letter interchanged positions.
• Fourth and sixth letter interchanged positions.

2. For 2nd box →

• First and sixth letter interchanged positions.
• Second, third, fourth and fifth letters shifted one step in the forward direction.

3. For 3rd box → Same as in 1st box.

4. For 4th box → Same as in 2nd box.

Final series is

Hence, ‘option - (4)’ is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is :-

Fair synonym is Righteous.

Similarly,

Cunning synonym is Deceit

Hence, the correct answer is "Deceit".

The logic followed here is :-

Second number = First number + 8

Third number = First number + 16

• (15, 23, 31) →(15, 15 + 8, 15 + 16)

and

• (33, 41, 49) → (33, 33 + 8, 33 + 16)

Similarly,

• (20, 28, 36) → (20, 20 + 8, 20 + 16)

Hence, the correct answer is "(20, 28, 36)".

The logic followed here is :-

(First number × (First number + 2)) + 2

• (7, 65) → (7 × (7 + 2)) + 2 = (7 × 9) + 2 = 63 +2 = 65

and

• (11, 145) → (11 × (11 + 2)) + 2 = (11 × 13) + 2 = 143 + 2 = 145

Similarly,

• (8, 82) → (8 × (8 + 2)) + 2 = (8 × 10) + 2 = 80 + 2 = 82

Hence, the correct answer is "(8, 82)".

The logic followed here is :-

By using BODMAS RULE :

Option 1) : + and ×

Given equation is : 50 - 25 ÷ 5 × 3 + 6 = 59

After interchanging the two signs the equation is as follows : 50 - 25 ÷ 5 + 3 × 6 = 59

⇒ 50 - 25 ÷ 5 + 3 × 6 = 59

⇒ 50 - 5 + 3 × 6 = 59

⇒ 50 - 5 + 18 = 59

⇒ 68 - 5 = 59

⇒ 63 ≠ 59

LHS ≠ RHS

Option 2) : ÷ and +

Given equation is : 50 - 25 ÷ 5 × 3 + 6 = 59

After interchanging the two signs the equation is as follows : 50 - 25 + 5 × 3 ÷ 6 = 59

⇒ 50 - 25 + 5 × 3 ÷ 6 = 59

⇒ 50 - 25 + 5 × 0.5 = 59

⇒ 50 - 25 + 2.5 = 59

⇒ 52.5 - 25 = 59

⇒ 27.5 ≠ 59

LHS ≠ RHS

Option 3) : × and -

Given equation is : 50 - 25 ÷ 5 × 3 + 6 = 59

After interchanging the two signs the equation is as follows : 50 × 25 ÷ 5 - 3 + 6 = 59

⇒ 50 × 25 ÷ 5 - 3 + 6 = 59

⇒ 50 × 5 - 3 + 6 = 59

⇒ 250 - 3 + 6 = 59

⇒ 256 - 3 = 59

⇒ 253 ≠ 59

LHS ≠ RHS

Option 4) : - and +

Given equation is : 50 - 25 ÷ 5 × 3 + 6 = 59

After interchanging the two signs the equation is as follows : 50 + 25 ÷ 5 × 3 - 6 = 59

⇒ 50 + 25 ÷ 5 × 3 - 6 = 59

⇒ 50 + 5 × 3 - 6 = 59

⇒ 50 + 15 - 6 = 59

⇒ 65 - 6 = 59

⇒ 59 = 59

LHS = RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "- and +".

After unfolding the given paper the figure formed is as shown below :

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given relations is as shown below :

• All Fairies are Mythical creatures.
• All Unicorns are Mythical creatures.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The arrangement of the given words in the order in which they appear in an English dictionary is as shown below :

4. Dedicated
5. Defiance
6. Diabolical
7. Differentiate
8. Dither
9. Dramatic

Hence, the correct answer is "4, 2, 6, 5, 1, 3".

The correct mirror image from the following options, when the mirror MN is placed on the right side of the given figure :

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The logic followed here is :-

Number of alphabets in given word² 

'PEN' is coded as 9.

Number of alphabets in word PEN = 3 

= 3² 

= 9

and

'PAPER' is coded as 25 . 

Number of alphabets in word PAPER = 5

= 5² 

= 25

Similarly,

'CHAPTER' will be coded as :

Number of alphabets in word CHAPTER = 7

= 7² 

= 49

Hence, the correct answer is "49".

The logic followed here is :-

'APRIL' is coded as 'CSTLN".

and

'MARCH' is coded as "ODTFJ".

Similarly,

'JUNE' will be coded as:

Hence, the correct answer is "LXPH".

The logic followed here is :-

Fountain Pen is invented by Waterman.

Similarly,

Telescope is invented by Galileo.

Hence, the correct answer is "Galileo".

The logic followed here is :-

1) OPK

2) ABY

3) LMO

4) IJQ

∴ Here, 'LMO' is different from other three alternatives.

Hence, the correct answer is "LMO".

The figure from among the given options that can replace the question is as shown below :

• Here one horizontal line is added at bottom from figure to figure.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Given :- L _ N N N _ _ M N N N N _ M N N N _

By checking options and substituting accordingly.

1) L M M N L → L L N N N M - M M N N N N - N M N N N L

2) M N N L M → L M N N N N - N M N N N N - L M N N N M

3) M N L L N → L M N N N N - L M N N N N - L M N N N N

• Here, 'LMNNNN' is repeated.

4) L M N N L → L L N N N M - N M N N N N - N M N N N L

• Option (3) gives the pattern of :- L M N N N N - L M N N N N - L M N N N N

Hence, the correct answer is "M N L L N".

The correct answer is "Sivamani".

Key Points

• Sivamani is a well-known Indian percussionist and music composer who is considered to be one of the leading drummers in India.
• He has worked with many famous musicians and composers in the Indian film industry and has also collaborated with international artists.
• In 2019, Sivamani was awarded the Padma Shri, which is one of the highest civilian honors in India, for his contribution to the field of music.
• Apart from his work as a drummer and composer, Sivamani has also been involved in various philanthropic activities.

Additional Information

• Nucleya is a popular Indian electronic music producer who has gained a lot of popularity in recent years.
• His real name is Udyan Sagar.
• Bappi Lahiri is a veteran music composer and singer in the Indian film industry.
• Guinness World Records recognized him in 1986 for having recorded over 180 songs in a single year.
• Naushad was a legendary music composer in the Indian film industry who is known for his work in the 1940s-60s. 
• In 1981 and 1992, Naushad received the Dadasaheb Phalke Award and the Padma Bhushan.

The correct answer is Bhutan.

Key Points

• Joenpa Legso is a traditional Bhutanese dance that is performed to welcome guests.
• The dance is usually performed by women in their traditional attire, which includes a Kira (a long dress) and a Tego (a jacket).
• The dance involves graceful movements of the arms and feet, and the dancers often use a scarf or a handkerchief to add to the elegance of the performance.
• The Joenpa Legso is an important part of Bhutanese culture and is performed at various occasions, such as weddings, festivals, and official ceremonies.

Additional Information

• Afghanistan's national dance, attan, is a traditional dance that comes from the Pashtun tribal areas.
• The Kandyan dance is an extremely elegant and complex dance.
• It became popular during the reign of the Kandyan kings in the 16th and 17th centuries, and it is now recognized as Sri Lanka's national dance.
• The dhali, baul, manipuri, and snake dances are among the dance forms that have emerged in Bangladesh.

The correct answer is FASTER.

Key Points

• The Supreme Court of India introduced an electronic system in November 2021 to communicate its crucial decisions electronically to prison authorities and investigating agencies.
• The system is named FASTER, which stands for "Fast and Secure Transmission of Electronic Records."
• This system is expected to expedite the process of delivering the court's orders to prison authorities and investigating agencies, reducing the time taken for manual processing and physical delivery of the orders.
• With this system, the court aims to ensure that the orders are communicated quickly and securely to the concerned authorities, thereby reducing delays in the justice delivery system.

Additional Information

• The Supreme Court of India is the highest court in the Republic of India and the ultimate judicial authority.
• The Chief Justice of India and up to 33 more justices make up the Supreme Court.
• Through its original, appellate, and advisory authorities, it possesses a wide range of powers.
• DY Chandrachud is the Chief Justice of India at the moment.

The correct answer is There is very little temperature difference between day and night in the coastal areas of Kerala.

Key Points

• Kerala is a state located in the southern part of India, and it is known for its coastal areas.
• Due to the proximity of the sea, the coastal areas of Kerala experience a moderate climate with very little temperature difference between day and night.
• The temperature in Kerala's coastal areas ranges from 20^oC to 30^oC throughout the year, making it a popular tourist destination.
• The coastal areas of Kerala also receive heavy rainfall during the monsoon season, which lasts from June to September.

Additional Information

• Rajasthan is a desert state located in the northern part of India and experiences extreme temperatures during summer and winter seasons.
• Central India is a semi-arid region with a monsoon climate, and rainfall is limited to the monsoon season.
• India's climate is characterized by a broad spectrum of weather patterns.
• According to the Köppen system, India has six main climatic subtypes: the west has arid deserts, the north has alpine tundra and glaciers, and the southwest and island territories have wet tropical regions that support rain forests.
• India's topography and geology play a key role in its climate; the Himalayas in the north and the Thar Desert in the northwest combine to produce a monsoonal regime that is significant to both culture and the country's economy.
• The majority of India can be considered tropical in climate, even though the Tropic of Cancer, the line between the tropics and subtropics, crosses through the center of the nation.

The correct answer is Siri.

Key Points

• The capital city that Allauddin Khilji built was called Siri.
• It was located near the present-day village of Shahpur Jat in Delhi and served as the political and cultural center of the Delhi Sultanate during his reign.
• Some of the notable features of Siri were:
• A massive fortification system that included walls, gates, and bastions to protect the city from external threats.
• A grand palace complex that housed the royal court, administrative offices, and living quarters for the sultan and his family.
• A central market or bazaar that attracted merchants and traders from different parts of the world.
• Several mosques, madrasas, and public buildings that reflected the Islamic architectural style and religious ethos of the time.

Additional Information

• Dinpanah was a city founded by the Mughal emperor Humayun in the mid-16th century, long after the reign of Allauddin Khilji.
• It was located near the present-day Purana Qila in Delhi and served as a refuge for Humayun during his exile from India.
• Allauddin Khilji was a prominent ruler of the Khilji Dynasty who ruled over the Delhi Sultanate from 1296 to 1316 CE.
• He is known for his military campaigns and administrative reforms, as well as his patronage of art and literature.

The correct answer is Maharashtra.

Key Points

• Narali Poornima is a festival celebrated in Maharashtra, which marks the end of the monsoon season.
• The festival is celebrated on the full moon day of the Hindu month of Shravana.
• The festival is also known as Coconut Day, as people offer coconuts to the sea god Varuna on this day.
• Maharashtra is a state located in the western region of India, and it experiences monsoon season from June to September.

Additional Information

• Bihar is a state located in the eastern region of India, and it also experiences monsoon season from June to September.
• Some festivals of Bihar include Chatth Puja, Sama Chakeva, Shravani Mela, Sonepur Cattle Fair, and Makar Sankranti Mela.
• West Bengal is also a state located in the eastern region of India, and it experiences monsoon season from June to September.
• Some festivals of West Bengal include Durga Puja, Jamai Shashti, Charak Puja and Poush Sankranti.
• Tamil Nadu is a state located in the southern region of India, and it experiences monsoon season from October to December.
• Some festivals of Tamil Nadu include Pongal Festival, Natyanjali Dance Festival, Karthigai Deepam and Jallikattu Bull Festival.

The correct answer is Goa.

Key Points

• Dhalo is a traditional folk dance of Goa, which is performed by women in a group during the monsoon season.
• The dance involves forming a circle and moving rhythmically to the beats of the dhol and other percussion instruments.
• Goa, on the other hand, has a unique blend of Portuguese and Indian cultures, which is reflected in its music and dance forms.
• Apart from Dhalo, the state is also known for its popular folk dance forms such as **Fugdi, Dekhni, and Corredinho.**​

Additional Information

• Tamil Nadu is known for its classical dance form Bharatanatyam.
• However, the state also has several folk dances such as Karagattam, Kavadi, and Mayilattam.
• Uttar Pradesh is home to several folk dance forms such as Charkula, Rasiya, and Nautanki, among others.
• The state is also known for its classical dance form Kathak.
• Madhya Pradesh has a rich tradition of folk dances such as Gaur, Tertali, and Matki, among others.
• Madhya Pradesh is known for Tansen, a famous musician and poet who was born in the state

The correct answer is Lord Clive.

Key Points

• The dual system of government of Bengal was introduced in 1765 by Lord Clive, who was the Governor-General of India at that time.
• The policy was implemented after the Battle of Plassey in 1757, which gave the British East India Company control over Bengal, one of the richest provinces in India.
• Under the dual system of government, the British East India Company became the de facto ruler of Bengal, while the Nawab of Bengal remained the titular head of the province.
• The policy was aimed at ensuring that the British East India Company could exploit the resources of Bengal without having to bear the responsibilities of governance.
• The dual system of government continued until the Indian Rebellion of 1857, after which the British Crown took over the governance of India from the East India Company.

Additional Information

• Lord Hastings was the Governor-General of Bengal from 1813 to 1823.
• He is known for his administrative reforms, including the establishment of the Indian Civil Service and the introduction of English education in India.
• Lord Lytton was the Viceroy  of India from 1876 to 1880.
• He is known for his controversial policies, including the Vernacular Press Act, which curbed the freedom of the press in India.
• Lord Dalhousie was the Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856.
• He is known for his reforms, including the introduction of the Doctrine of Lapse, which allowed the British to annex Indian states that did not have a male heir.

The correct answer is White revolution.

Key Points

• Modern agricultural technology, Green revolution, and Seed-fertiliser-water technology are all related to increasing agricultural productivity and efficiency, while White revolution is related to the increase in milk production in India.
• Green revolution refers to the use of high-yielding varieties of crops, improved irrigation, and modern agricultural techniques to increase crop productivity.
• It was introduced in India in the 1960s and led to a significant increase in food production.
• Seed-fertiliser-water technology is a modern agricultural technique that involves using high-quality seeds, appropriate fertilizers, and efficient irrigation methods to increase crop yields.
• Modern agricultural technology encompasses a wide range of techniques and methods, including precision farming, biotechnology, and mechanization, among others.
• These techniques aim to improve agricultural efficiency and reduce costs.

Additional Information

• White revolution, also known as Operation Flood, was a dairy development program launched in India in 1970.
• It aimed to increase milk production and make India self-sufficient in milk production.
• The program was successful in increasing milk production and creating a cooperative network of milk producers in India.
• It led to the establishment of Amul, a dairy cooperative that has become a household name in India.
• The success of the White revolution was due to the efforts of Dr. Verghese Kurien, who is often referred to as the father of the White revolution in India.
• The program involved the introduction of modern dairy farming techniques, such as artificial insemination and improved cattle feed.
• It also involved the establishment of milk collection centers and processing plants, which helped to increase the market for milk and dairy products.

The correct answer is 2008.

Key Points

• The Indian Premier League (IPL) began in the year 2008.
• IPL is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in India which is governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).
• The Indian Premier League was founded by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007 with the first season played in 2008.
• The league consists of eight teams representing different cities in India, and each team is owned by different franchisees.
• The IPL is known for its high-octane cricket matches, star-studded line-ups, and extravagant opening ceremonies.
• The league has also been a platform for young and upcoming cricketers to showcase their talent and earn a chance to play for the Indian cricket team.

Additional Information

• The 17th season of the Indian Premier League took place in 2024.
• Kolkata Knight Riders won 2024 IPL edition.

The correct answer is India.

Key Points

• The FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup is a biennial international football tournament for female players under the age of 17, organized by FIFA.
• The 2022 edition of the tournament was originally scheduled to be hosted by India from November 2 to 21, 2022, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was postponed to 2023.
• This will be the first time that India will host a FIFA women's tournament, and it will also be the first time that the U-17 Women's World Cup will be held in India.
• India was awarded the hosting rights of the tournament in 2019, beating out competition from other countries like South Africa, Korea Republic, and New Zealand.

Additional Information

• In 2022, Morocco, Tanzania, and the host nation, India, made their FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup debuts.
• Sixteen teams made it to the championship round.
• Having won their first championship in 2018, Spain was the reigning champion.
• They were able to hold onto the title.

The correct answer is West Bengal.

Key Points

• Gorumara National Park is situated in the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas in the Terai region of West Bengal.
• It was declared a National Park in the year 1992 and is spread over an area of 80 sq km.
• The park is famous for its one-horned rhinoceros and is also home to several other species of animals such as elephants, leopards, gaurs, and different types of deer.
• The park is also a paradise for bird watchers as it is home to over 200 species of birds.

Additional Information

• Assam is home to the following national parks: Rajiv Gandhi-Orang National Park, Kaziranga National Park, Manas National Park, Nameri National Park, Raimona National Park, and Dihing Patkai National Park.
• The national parks of Uttarakhand are Jim Corbett National Park, Rajaji National Park, and Gangotri National Park.
• The lone tiger reserve in Bihar is the Valmiki Tiger Reserve, which represents the easternmost boundary of the Himalayan Terai forests in India.

The correct answer is Kathakali.

Key Points

• Mrinalini Vikram Sarabhai was an Indian classical dancer and choreographer who was known for her expertise in Bharatanatyam.
• She was also recognised for Kathakali dance forms.
• She was also a pioneer in introducing contemporary dance to India.
• Some of her famous works include "The Spirit of Buddha" and "Tasher Desh".

Additional Information

• Kathak is a classical dance form that originated in northern India.
• It is characterized by intricate footwork and fluid movements.
• Some of the famous Kathak dancers include Birju Maharaj and Shovana Narayan.
• Kathakali is a classical dance form that originated in the state of Kerala in India.
• It is known for its elaborate costumes and makeup.
• The dance form usually depicts mythological stories and is accompanied by music and vocal performances.
• Kuchipudi is a classical dance form that originated in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.
• It is known for its graceful movements and intricate footwork.
• Some of the famous Kuchipudi dancers include Swapnasundari and Yamini Reddy.
• Odissi is a classical dance form that originated in the state of Odisha in India.
• It is known for its fluid movements and sculpturesque poses.
• Some of the famous Odissi dancers include Sonal Mansingh and Madhavi Mudgal.

The correct answer is Gupta.

Key Points

• The first inscriptional example of the practice of Sati is found in the Gupta period.
• Sati was a practice where a widow would immolate herself on her husband's funeral pyre.
• The Gupta period was known for its cultural and artistic achievements, as well as its promotion of Hinduism.
• The Maukhari and Vardhana dynasties were both North Indian dynasties that preceded the Gupta dynasty.
• The Satavahana dynasty was a South Indian dynasty that existed before the Gupta period.

Additional Information

• Evangelists like Carey and Hindu reformers like Ram Mohan Roy opposed the practice of sati, which finally prompted British Governor-General of India Lord William Bentinck to implement the Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829.
• It stated that Hindu widows who are burned or buried alive will face legal action from the criminal courts.
• Subsequent laws were passed to combat what the British believed to be connected problems concerning violence against Hindu women.
• These laws included the Age of Consent Act of 1891, the Female Infanticide Prevention Act of 1870, and the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act of 1856.
• Sati is defined as the act or rite itself in Part I, Section 2(c) of the Indian Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987.

The correct answer is a: Furan, b: Pyridine, c: Thiophene

Key Points

• Furan is a heterocyclic organic compound containing a five-membered aromatic ring with one oxygen atom.
• Toluene is a colorless liquid with a sweet, pungent odor.
• It is a common solvent and used as a precursor to many chemicals.
• Pyridine is a heterocyclic aromatic compound with a six-membered ring containing five carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom.
• It is used as a solvent, catalyst, and precursor to many chemicals.

Additional Information

• Thiophene is a heterocyclic compound containing a five-membered aromatic ring with one sulfur atom.
• It is used as a solvent and in the production of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
• Aniline is an aromatic amine with a benzene ring and a primary amine group.
• It is used in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and rubber processing chemicals.
• Anisole is an organic compound with a methoxy group (-OCH3) attached to a benzene ring.
• It is used as a solvent and in the production of perfumes and flavors.

The correct answer is Cripps.

Key Points

• Cripps mission was sent by the British government to India in 1942.
• The mission was led by Sir Stafford Cripps, a senior British politician, and aimed to secure Indian support for the British war effort during World War II.
• The mission proposed a plan for Indian independence after the war, but with conditions that were unacceptable to Indian political leaders, leading to its failure.

Additional Information

• Lord Linlithgow was the Viceroy of India from 1936 to 1943.
• He played a key role in India's participation in World War II, including the Quit India movement and the Cripps mission.
• Cabinet refers to the British government as a whole, which was responsible for decisions related to India during the colonial period.
• Lansdowne refers to Lord Lansdowne.
• He served as Viceroy of India from 1888 to 1894, and was involved in several important reforms and policies during his tenure.

The correct answer is Maharashtra.

Key Points

• The India Justice Report is a comprehensive study that evaluates the performance of the country's justice delivery system across various parameters, including infrastructure, human resources, diversity, budgets, workload, and outcomes.
• The second edition of the report, released in November 2020, covered 18 large and mid-sized states that account for about 90% of the country's population and 95% of its pending cases.
• Maharashtra ranked first among these states with an overall score of 4.4 out of 5, followed by Tamil Nadu (4.2), Telangana (4.1), Punjab (4.0), and Kerala (3.9).

Additional Information

• The national average score was 3.2.
• Maharashtra performed well in most of the sub-categories, such as infrastructure, diversity, and budget utilization.
• But it lagged behind in the parameter of clearance rate, which measures the percentage of cases disposed of against the number of cases instituted in a year.
• Tamil Nadu, which ranked second, scored high in the parameters of diversity, case management, and disposal rate.
• But it faced challenges in the areas of budget utilization and human resources.

The correct answer is communication of all decisions of the Council of Ministers to the Governor.

Key Points

• Article 167 of the Indian Constitution deals with the duties of the Chief Minister.
• It states that it shall be the duty of the Chief Minister to communicate to the Governor of the State all decisions of the Council of Ministers relating to the administration of the affairs of the State and proposals for legislation.
• This duty is important as it ensures that the Governor is kept informed of the decisions taken by the Council of Ministers, who are responsible for the governance of the State.
• The communication of all decisions of the Council of Ministers to the Governor helps in maintaining transparency and accountability in the functioning of the State Government.
• It also helps in ensuring that the Governor is able to exercise his/her constitutional powers and functions effectively, such as giving assent to Bills passed by the State Legislature or summoning and proroguing the Legislature.

Additional Information

• The Chief Minister is responsible for the selection of the Council of Ministers, who are collectively responsible to the State Legislature.
• The Chief Minister can recommend the removal of a Minister to the Governor, but the final decision lies with the Governor.
• The Speaker is elected by the members of the Legislative Assembly from among themselves and is not appointed by the Chief Minister.
• The Advocate General is appointed by the Governor in consultation with the Chief Minister and holds office during the pleasure of the Governor.

The correct answer is Anthocyanins.

Key Points

• Anthocyanins is a water-soluble pigment that is present in pomegranate, eggplant, black carrots, and red cabbage.
• It belongs to a phenolic group.
• These are responsible for the red, purple, and blue colors in many fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
• They have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and are being studied for their potential health benefits.

Additional Information

• Phycoerythrin is a water-soluble pigment found in red algae and cyanobacteria.
• It is used in biotechnology as a fluorescent label and in medical research as a diagnostic tool.
• Phycobilins are water-soluble pigments found in cyanobacteria and some red algae.
• They are involved in photosynthesis and act as accessory pigments that capture light energy.
• Betalains are water-soluble pigments found in beets and cacti.
• They are responsible for the red and yellow colors in these plants and have antioxidant properties.

The correct answer is i - d, ii - c, iii - b, iv - a.

Key Points

• Gaucher disease is caused by the deficiency of glucocerebrosidase enzyme, which leads to the accumulation of glucocerebroside in the lysosomes of cells.
• Hunter syndrome is caused by the deficiency of the enzyme Iduronate-2-sulfatase, which leads to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in the lysosomes of cells.
• Tay-Sachs disease is caused by the deficiency of the enzyme hexosaminidase A, which leads to the accumulation of gangliosides in the lysosomes of cells.
• Phenylketonuria is caused by the deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme, which leads to the accumulation of phenylalanine in the blood.

Additional Information

• Gaucher disease is a rare genetic disorder that affects the bone marrow and spleen, leading to fatigue, anemia, and bone pain.
• Hunter syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the connective tissues, leading to joint stiffness, coarse facial features, and delayed development.
• Tay-Sachs disease is a rare genetic disorder that affects the nervous system, leading to muscle weakness, seizures, and blindness.
• Phenylketonuria is a rare genetic disorder that affects the metabolism of amino acids, leading to intellectual disability and behavioral problems if left untreated.

The correct answer is Article 28.

Key Points

• Article 28 of the Indian Constitution prohibits religious instructions in any state-funded educational institution.
• Article 28 falls under Part III of the Indian Constitution, which deals with fundamental rights.
• It specifically deals with the right to freedom of religion.
• Clause (1) of Article 28 states that no religious instruction shall be provided in any educational institution wholly maintained out of state funds.
• This means that any school or college that receives funding from the government cannot impart religious teachings to its students.
• However, Clause (2) of Article 28 allows for religious instruction to be provided in educational institutions that are administered by the state but not wholly maintained out of state funds.
• In such cases, attendance in such classes must be voluntary for students.

Additional Information

• It is important to note that Article 28 only applies to institutions that are funded or administered by the state.
• Private institutions are not bound by this provision.
• Article 29 deals with the protection of interests of minorities in educational institutions.
• Article 30 deals with the right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
• Article 27 Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion

The correct answer is Pension.

Key Points

• Factor payment refers to payments made to factors of production, which are the resources used in the production of goods and services.
• These factors include land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.
• Interest, wages, rent, are all examples of factor payments.
• Interest is paid to capital, wages are paid to labor, rent is paid to land, and pension is paid to retired labor.
• However, pension is not a factor payment as it is paid to retired labor and not to active labor.
• Factor payment is made to the factors of production that are actively involved in the production process.

Additional Information

• Interest is the payment made for the use of borrowed capital.
• Wages are the payment made to labor for their services.
• Rent is the payment made for the use of land and other natural resources.
• The most widely utilized factor in macroeconomic analysis is factor income, which aids governments in identifying the distinction between GDP and GNP.
• It can also be used to highlight discrepancies in the allocation of revenue.

The correct answer is Jawaharlal Nehru Port.

Key Points

• Jawaharlal Nehru Port is located in the state of Maharashtra and is the largest container port in India.
• It handles over 50% of India's container traffic and is a crucial hub for trade in the country.
• The port is also known for its state-of-the-art facilities and efficient operations.

Additional Information

• Kandla Port is located in the state of Gujarat and is one of the major ports in India.
• It primarily handles dry cargo such as salt, iron ore, and textiles.
• Kolkata Port is located in the state of West Bengal and is one of the oldest ports in India.
• It primarily handles bulk cargo such as coal, iron ore, and petroleum products.
• Hazira Port is located in the state of Gujarat and is a relatively new port, having started operations in 2005.
• It primarily handles liquid cargo such as crude oil and petroleum products.

The correct answer is Mary Kom.

Key Points

• Lupin Ltd is a pharmaceutical company based in India, which has a presence in over 100 countries.
• The Shakti campaign is an initiative by Lupin to promote women's health and wellness in India.
• It aims to provide access to affordable healthcare solutions and raise awareness about various health issues affecting women.
• Mary Kom was named as the brand ambassador for Lupin's Shakti campaign in 2022.

Additional Information

• Rahul Dravid is a former Indian cricketer and current Director of Cricket Operations at the National Cricket Academy.
• He has endorsed various brands in the past, including Reebok, Kissan, and Britannia.
• Mithali Raj is an Indian cricketer and former captain of the women's national team.
• She has been associated with brands like Adidas, Hero MotoCorp, and Royal Challenge Sports Drink.
• PV Sindhu is an Indian badminton player and Olympic silver medalist.
• She has endorsed brands like Bridgestone, Gatorade, and JBL.

The correct answer is Tesla.

Key Points

• The physical unit defined as producing one Newton (N) of force per meter per ampere (A) of current flowing through it is known as Tesla.
• The derived SI unit of magnetic flux density, or the strength of a magnetic field, is the tesla (T).
• One Weber per square meter is represented by one Tesla.
• The gauss is the analogous and obsolete cgs unit.
• There are precisely 10,000 gauss in one Tesla.

Additional Information

• Kelvin is the unit of temperature.
• Coulomb is the unit of electric charge.
• Pascal is the unit of pressure.
• Ampere is the unit of electric current.

Given:- 

Track length = 1 km

Formula used:- 

Distance = Speed × Time

Calculation:-

"P" beats "Q" by 120 m or 30 sec,

which means "Q" covers 120 m in 30 sec

Speed of "Q" = 120/30 = 4 m/s

Time to cover 1000 m = 1000/4 = 250 sec

"P" beats "Q" by 30 sec means "P" reach 30 sec early

Time taken by "P" to complete the race = 250 – 30 = 220 sec

∴ The time " P " takes to complete the race is 220 sec.

Given:-  14 ÷ 7 × 1 + 3 - [18 - {15 - (7 - 7 - 2)}]

Concept used:- 

Calculation:-

⇒ 14 ÷ 7 × 1 + 3 - [18 - {15 - (7 - 7 - 2)}]  

⇒ 14 ÷ 7 × 1 + 3 - [18 - {15 -( -2)}] 

⇒ 14 ÷ 7 × 1 + 3 - [18 - {17}] 

⇒ 14 ÷ 7 × 1 + 3 - [1]  

⇒ 2 × 1 + 3 - 1 

⇒ 5 - 1 = 4 

∴ The required answer is 4.

Given:- 

AQ = 13

BR = 10.5

SC = 6

Concept used:-

The perimeter of a Triangle = Sum of three sides of the triangle

The length of two tangents drawn from the same point to the circle is equal.

Calculation:- 

We can say that:

AS = AQ

BQ = BR

CR = CS

Now, substitute the given lengths:

AB = AQ + QB 

BC = BR + RC 

CA = CS + AS 

Now,

Perimeter = AB + BC + CA = 2 (AQ + BR + CS)

Perimeter = 2(13 cm + 10.5 cm + 6 cm)

Perimeter = 59 cm

∴ The perimeter of triangle ABC is 59 cm.

Given:- 

The initial value is the imports in 1975, which is 5200, and

The final value is the imports in 1976, which is 2700.

Formula used:-

Percentage decrease = ((Initial Value - Final Value)/Initial Value) ×  100

Calculation:-

Percentage decrease = ((5200 - 2700)/5200) × 100

Percentage decrease = (2500/5200) × 100}

Percentage decrease  = 48.07%

∴ The decrease in imports was approximately 48.07%.

Shortcut Trick

Use the direct algebraic identity: (a³ + b³ + c³ − 3abc) = (a + b + c) × [(a + b + c)² − 3(ab + bc + ca)].

Substitute the given values: 98 = 14 × [14² − 3(ab + bc + ca)].

Divide both sides by 14: 7 = 196 − 3(ab + bc + ca).

Rearrange the terms: 3(ab + bc + ca) = 196 − 7 = 189.

Solve for the required value: ab + bc + ca = 189 ÷ 3 = 63.

∴ The correct answer is 63.

Alternate Method

Given:

a + b + c = 14

a³ + b³ + c³ − 3abc = 98

Formula Used:

1. (a + b + c)² = a² + b² + c² + 2(ab + bc + ca)
2. a³ + b³ + c³ − 3abc = (a + b + c)(a² + b² + c² − (ab + bc + ca))

Calculations:

⇒ (14)² = a² + b² + c² + 2(ab + bc + ca)

⇒ 196 = a² + b² + c² + 2(ab + bc + ca) --- (Equation 1)

⇒ 98 = 14 × [a² + b² + c² − (ab + bc + ca)]

⇒ 98 ÷ 14 = a² + b² + c² − (ab + bc + ca)

⇒ 7 = a² + b² + c² − (ab + bc + ca) --- (Equation 2)

Subtracting Equation 2 from Equation 1:

⇒ 196 − 7 = [a² + b² + c² + 2(ab + bc + ca)] − [a² + b² + c² − (ab + bc + ca)]

⇒ 189 = 2(ab + bc + ca) + (ab + bc + ca)

⇒ 189 = 3(ab + bc + ca)

⇒ ab + bc + ca = 189 ÷ 3

⇒ ab + bc + ca = 63

∴ The correct answer is 63.

Additional Information

Special Case for Cubes

If a + b + c = 0, then the identity simplifies to a³ + b³ + c³ = 3abc.

Trinomial Expansion

The relationship between the sum of squares and sum of products is a² + b² + c² = (a + b + c)² − 2(ab + bc + ca).

Alternative Identity Form

The expression a² + b² + c² − ab − bc − ca can also be written as 1/2[(a − b)² + (b − c)² + (c − a)²].

Product of Sums

Another useful form for competitive exams is a³ + b³ + c³ − 3abc = (a + b + c) × (a² + b² + c² − ab − bc − ca).

Given:- 

A = 22.5°

10√2 sin 2A - 7√2 cos 2A + 9 tan 2A 

Formula used:-

Sin 45 = 1/√2

Cos 45 = 1/√2  tan 45 = 1

Calculation:- 

10√2 sin 2A - 7√2 cos 2A + 9 tan 2A 

Put the value of A = 22.5° 

⇒ 10√2 sin 45 - 7√2 cos 45 + 9 tan 45 

⇒ (10√2) × (1/√2) - (7√2) × (1/√2) + 9 × 1 

⇒ 10 - 7 + 9 = 12 

∴ The required answer is 12.

Given:-  

The sum of the cubes of the two numbers: a³ + b³ = 9728

The sum of the two numbers: a + b = 32

Formula used:-  

(a + b)³ = a³ + b³ + 3ab(a + b)

Calculation:-

Let's denote the two natural numbers as "a" and "b". 

⇒ (32)³ = 9728 + 3ab(32) 

⇒ 9728 + 96ab = 32768  

⇒ 96ab = 32768 - 9728

⇒ 96ab = 23040

⇒ ab = 23040/96  = 240

∴ The product of the two given numbers is 240.

Given

Force ∝ weight

Force ∝ speed²

Force ∝ 1/radius

Concept used

Force = weight × speed2 × 1/radius × k

Where, k = constant

Calculation

Applying the above formula:

⇒ 6125 = 2750 × 352 × 1/550 × k

k = 1

Force = 3600 × 502 × 1/750 × 1

Force = 12000

The answer is 12000.

Given:-  

TP = 12 cm, PB = x + 7 cm and PA = x cm

Concept used:-

According to the tangent theorem,

PT² = PA × PB

Calculation:-

PT² = PA × PB

⇒ 144 = x × (x + 7) 

⇒  x × (x + 7) = 9 × (9 + 7)

⇒ x  = 9 cm 

∴ The required result will be 9.

Solution:

Total students who scored less than 40 marks = 8

The total number of students = Sum of all students = 10

Number of students who scored more than 40 marks 

⇒ Total students - Students scored less than 40 marks

⇒ 10 - 8 = 2

∴ 2 students scored more than 40 marks.

Given:-

A certain sum of money at simple interest amounts to Rs.1200 in 3 years

The same sum of money at simple interest amounts to Rs.1350 in 4 years

Formula used:-

S.I = ( P × N × R)/100

Where 

P is the principal amount

N is the time (in years)

R is the rate of interest

Calculation:-

Let the Principal be P

S.I for 1 years = 1350 - 1200 = Rs.150

⇒ S.I for 3 years = 150 × 3 = Rs.450

∴ Principal,

⇒ P = 1200 - 450 = Rs.750

∴ The required answer is 750.

Shortcut Trick

Let the number to be subtracted be x.

Numbers become (2 − x) and (3 − x) with third proportional as 4.

Using Option Verification: If x = 1, numbers are (2 − 1) = 1 and (3 − 1) = 2.

Third proportional = b²/a = 2²/1 = 4. This matches the question.

∴ The correct answer is 1.

Alternate Method

Given: Numbers 2 and 3, Third proportion = 4.

Formula Used: If c is the third proportional to a and b, then a/b = b/c ⇒ b² = ac.

⇒ Let the subtracted number be x.

⇒ a = 2 − x, b = 3 − x, c = 4

⇒ (3 − x)² = (2 − x) × 4

⇒ 9 + x² − 6x = 8 − 4x

⇒ x² − 2x + 1 = 0

⇒ (x − 1)² = 0

⇒ x = 1

∴ The correct answer is 1.

Additional Information

Mean Proportional

The mean proportional between two numbers a and b is √(ab).

Fourth Proportional

If a, b, c, d are in proportion, then a/b = c/d, where d is the fourth proportional (d = bc/a).

Continued Proportion

Three numbers a, b, c are in continued proportion if a/b = b/c.

Given:-  

TF = 15 cm, FB = 2x + 3 cm and FA = 9 cm

Concept used:-

According to the tangent theorem,

TF2 = FA × FB

Calculation:-

TF2 = FA × FB

⇒ 225 = 9 × (2x + 3) 

⇒ (2x + 3) = 25

⇒ x  = 11cm 

∴ The required result will be 11.

Shortcut Trick

Let the Original Price = 100

Cost Price for Ram = 100 − 30% = 70

Selling Price = 70 + 50% of 70 = 105

Profit on Original Price = 105 − 100 = 5

Required Profit % = (5 ÷ 100) × 100 = 5%

∴ The correct answer is 5%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Discount on Original Price = 30%

Profit on Cost Price = 50%

Formula Used:

Cost Price (CP) = Original Price × (1 − Discount%)

Selling Price (SP) = CP × (1 + Profit%)

Profit % = [(SP − Original Price) ÷ Original Price] × 100

Original Price 100

Cost Price 70

Selling Price 105

−30%

+50%

Profit on Original Price = 5%

Calculation:

⇒ Let the Original Price of the cell phone be 100.

⇒ Ram paid 30% less than the original price, so Cost Price (CP) = 100 − (30% of 100) = 70

⇒ He sold it at a 50% profit on his Cost Price.

⇒ Profit amount = 50% of 70 = 35

⇒ Selling Price (SP) = 70 + 35 = 105

⇒ We need to find the profit percentage relative to the Original Price.

⇒ Profit earned on Original Price = SP − Original Price = 105 − 100 = 5

⇒ Percentage profit on Original Price = (5 ÷ 100) × 100 = 5%

∴ The correct answer is 5%.

Additional Information

Marked Price & Discount

Discount is fundamentally always calculated on the Marked Price (or Original Price) unless stated otherwise. SP = MP × (1 − Discount%).

Successive Percentage Change

When a value undergoes two successive changes of a% and b%, the net percentage change is given by the formula: [a + b + (a×b)÷100]%.

Base of Calculation

Usually, profit and loss are calculated over the Cost Price (CP). However, if specifically mentioned in the question (like in this case), it can be calculated over the Original Price or Marked Price.

Given:-  

In an examination of 7 papers of 100 marks each,

there were 3 mathematics papers, 2 English papers,

and 2 Hindi papers.

D gets average marks of 45, 55, and 60 in mathematics,

English and Hindi,

Formula used:-  

Average = sum of values/number of values

Calculation:-

D's marks in mathematics papers = 3 papers × 45 marks 

⇒ 135 marks

D's marks in English papers = 2 papers × 55 marks

⇒ 110 marks

D's marks in Hindi papers = 2 papers × 60 marks

⇒ 120 marks

Total marks obtained by D =135 + 110 + 120

⇒ 365 marks

 Average marks per paper = 365/7  =  52.14

∴ The average mark per paper for D is approximately 52.14.

Formula used:-

sinθ = 2sin(θ/2) cos(θ/2)

tanθ = sinθ/cosθ

1 + cos2θ = 2 cos²θ 

Calculation:-

tan(θ/2) = sin(θ/2)/cos(θ/2)  

Multiplying by 2cos(θ/2) in numerator and denominator

⇒ sin(θ/2)×2cos(θ/2) /cos(θ/2)×2cos(θ/2)

⇒ 2sin(θ/2)cos(θ/2)/2cos²(θ/2)

⇒ sinθ/(1 + cosθ)

⇒ $\tan \frac{\theta}{2}$ = $\frac{\sin \theta}{1+\cos \theta}$

∴ The required answer is option (4)

Given:-

The volume of the cube is 4096 cm³, 

Formula used:-

The volume of a cube (V )= side length³   

Calculation:-

⇒ (side length)³ = 4096   

⇒ side length = ∛4096 

⇒ side length = 16

∴ The length of the side of the cube is 16 cm.

Given:-  

sin 600° cos 750° + sin 150° cos 240°

Formula used:-

sin(2π -θ) = -sinθ 

sin(π -θ) = sinθ

sin(3π + θ) = -sinθ 

cos(π + θ) = -cosθ

cos(2π + θ) = cosθ

sin( A + B)= sinA cosB + cosA sinB

Calculation:-

 sin 600° cos 750° + sin 150° cos 240° 

⇒ sin (540 + 60)° cos (720 +30)° + sin(180 -30)° cos (180 + 60)° 

⇒ [(-sin60)° × (cos30) + sin30 × (-cos 60)]  

⇒ -[ sin60 cos30 + sin30 cos 60]  

⇒ - sin(60 + 30) 

⇒ - sin90 = -1 

∴ The required result will be -1.

Given:- 

(x - 5)² + (x + 3)² + 4x

Formula used:-

( A + B )² =  A² + B² + 2AB 

( A - B)² = A² + B² - 2AB

Calculation:- 

⇒ (x - 5)2 = x²  + 25 - 10x  --------(1)

⇒ (x + 3)2 = x² + 9 + 6x  --------(2)

⇒ 4x = 4x -----(3) 

Adding equation(1) (2) & (3) 

⇒ (x - 5)2 + (x + 3)2 + 4x 

⇒ x2  + 25 - 10x + x2 + 9 + 6x  + 4x 

⇒ 2x2  + 34 = 2 (x2  + 17) 

∴ The required answer is  2(x2  + 17).

Shortcut Trick 

(15M × 10) = (15W × 12) = Total work

⇒ M / W = 6 / 5

⇒ Total work = (15 × 6 × 10) = ( 15 × 5 × 12) = 900

⇒ 900 = [(15 × 6) + (15 × 5)] × D

⇒ D = 900 / 165 = 60 / 11 = 5(5/11) days

∴ The correct answer is 5(5/11) days.

Alternate Method 

Given:-

15 men can complete a piece of work in 10 days

15 women can complete the same work in 12 days

Calculation:-

LCM of 10 and 12 = 60

Let the total work = 60units

Efficiency of 15 men = 60/10 = 6 units/day

The efficiency of 15 women = 60/12 = 5 units/day

Efficiency when they both work together = 5 + 6 = 11 units/day

Time taken to complete the work when they all work together = 60/11 = $5 \frac{5}{11}$

∴ The required time is taken by them to complete the work   $5 \frac{5}{11}$  days.

Given:-

Marked Price of machine = Rs 55,000 

Three Discount on MP = 10%

Concept Used:-

Selling Price = Marked Price × {1 - (d/100)}

Calculation:-

Applying a discount of 10%,

⇒ Selling Price = 55000 – 10% of 55000

⇒ Selling Price = 55000 − (10/100 × 55000 )= 55000 − 5500 = 49,500 Rs

Applying a discount of 10% 

⇒ Selling Price = 49500 – 10% of 49500

⇒ Selling Price = 49500 − (10/100 × 49500 )= 49500 − 4950 = 44,550 Rs

 Applying a discount of 10% 

⇒ Selling Price = 44550 – 10% of 44550

⇒ Selling Price = 44550 − (10/100 × 44550 )= 44550 − 4455 = 40,095 Rs 

∴ The customer has to pay the amount of Rs 40, 095 in cash for the machine.

Given:- 

Ramesh and Somesh together can do a piece of work in 8 days. 

Ramesh alone can complete it in 24 days

Formula used:-

Total work = efficiency ×  time taken 

Calculation:- 

So,

S efficiency = (R + S) efficiency - R efficiency  

⇒ 3 - 1 = 2  

S alone can complete the work  in days = Total work/efficiency 

⇒ 24/2 = 12 

∴ The required answer is 12

Shortcut Trick

1. Solve 'of' and Brackets: 15 of 4 = 60 and {4 × 2 − (−3)} = 11.
2. Substitute: 120 ÷ 60 + [11 × 4 ÷ 4 of 11].
3. Square bracket: [11 × 4 ÷ 44] = [44 ÷ 44] = 1.
4. Total: 2 + 1 = 3.

∴ The correct option is C.

Alternate Method

Given: 120 ÷ 15 of 4 + [11 × 4 ÷ 4 of {4 × 2 − (8 − 11)}]

Formula Used: VBODMAS rule (Vinculum, Bracket, Of, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction)

⇒ 120 ÷ (15 × 4) + [11 × 4 ÷ 4 of {8 − (−3)}]

⇒ 120 ÷ 60 + [11 × 4 ÷ 4 of 11]

⇒ 2 + [11 × 4 ÷ 44]

⇒ 2 + [44 ÷ 44]

⇒ 2 + 1

⇒ 3

∴ The correct option is C.

Additional Information

BODMAS Rule

It specifies the order of operations: Brackets, Of, Division, Multiplication, Addition, and Subtraction. Operations are performed from left to right for same-priority levels.

Precedence of 'Of'

The 'Of' operator represents multiplication but carries a higher priority than Division (÷) and standard Multiplication (×).

Bracket Hierarchy

Mathematical expressions are simplified by solving brackets in the specific sequence: Parentheses ( ) → Curly Braces { } → Square Brackets [ ].

Given:-

The cost price (CP) is ₹3,200 and the selling price (SP) is ₹2,700

Formula used:-

Percentage Loss = ((Cost Price - Selling Price)/Cost Price) × 100

Calculation:-

Percentage Loss = ((3200 - 2700)/3200) ×100

Percentage Loss = (500/3200) ×100

Percentage Loss = 15.625 % 

∴ The percentage loss is approximately 15.625%.

Given:

Circumference of circular track = 1452 m

Speed of 1st man = 7.5 km/h

Speed of 2nd man = 9 km/h

Formula used:

Distance = relative speed × time

Calculation:

Distance = relative speed × time

⇒ 1452 = (7.5 + 9) × 5/18 × time

⇒ 1452 = 16.5 × 5/18 × time

⇒ Time = (1452 × 18)/(16.5 × 5)

⇒ Time = (132 × 12)/5 = 316.8 sec

⇒ Time = 316.8/60 = 5.28 min.

∴ The correct answer is 5.28 min.

The correct option is: The lesson is being explained by the teacher.

Key Points

• The sentence "The teacher is explaining the lesson" is in active voice, present continuous tense.
• To convert an active voice sentence to passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
• The correct form of the verb "to be" in the present continuous tense is "is being" for singular subjects.
• Following this, the main verb "explain" is turned into its past participle form "explained".
• Therefore, the passive voice of the sentence is "The lesson is being explained by the teacher", as it correctly uses the present continuous passive form.
• This reflects the ongoing action (present continuous tense) done by the teacher (the agent in passive voice) to the lesson (the subject in passive voice).

​Therefore, the passive voice equivalent is The lesson is being explained by the teacher .

Additional Information

• The use of passive voice is common in formal writing when the focus is on the action rather than the doer.
• In the context of the other options provided:
• Option 1, "The lesson explained the teacher," is incorrect as it implies the lesson is performing the action, which is illogical.
• Option 2, "The teacher explained the lesson," remains in active voice.
• Option 4**, "The lesson was explained by the teacher,"** uses the simple past tense, which does not reflect the present continuous tense of the original sentence.

The incorrect part is: bear.

Key Points

• The correct spelling should be "bare minimum," meaning the least amount required.
• "Bear" is incorrectly used here; it is a homonym that either refers to the animal or the verb to carry or endure something.
• "Bear" is a noun and verb which can mean a large mammal (noun) or to carry/support (verb). However, the intended meaning in the sentence is likely "bare," an adjective meaning without addition; basic and simple. (भालू)​
• ​Example with 'bear': Observers could bear witness to the historical event as it unfolded live on television.

Therefore, the sentence should read: He is an audacious entrepreneur who started his own business with the bare minimum.

Additional Information

• "Business" is a noun that refers to the practice of making one's living by engaging in commerce. (व्यापार)
• Example: She has an impressive acumen for business and has led her company to success.
• "Audacious" is an adjective that characterizes someone who is bold or daring, often recklessly so, and willing to take risks. (साहसिक)
• ​Example: The scientist made an audacious attempt to challenge the established theory with his new research.
• "Entrepreneur" is a noun for a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so. (उद्यमी)
• ​Example: The young entrepreneur launched a tech startup that quickly became a leading innovator in its field.

The correct sentence is: Option 1)

Key Points

• The correct spelling of the word in question is "fluorescent," which refers to a type of lighting that is bright and energy-efficient.
• "Produces," "saliva," "illumination," "which," "helps," "prevent," and "cavities" are all spelled correctly in this sentence.

​Therefore, the correct answer is: The body produces more saliva under fluorescent illumination which helps prevent cavities.

Additional Information

• The misspellings "illummination" and "prewent" are present in the options like 2,3 and 4.
• The sentence without spelling errors is the one that uses "fluorescent", " illumination " and "prevent" correctly.
• The other sentences contain misspelled versions of the word "fluorescent," such as "fluorescent" and "fluorescent," which are common spelling mistakes.

The correct answer is: iceberg.

Key Points 

• The phrase "tip of the iceberg" is a common idiom meaning a small visible part of a much larger, hidden situation.
• The other options do not form commonly recognized idioms and do not fit the context of the sentence.

Therefore, the phrase completes correctly as: The termites were just the tip of the iceberg, but the house was near collapsing in reality.

Additional Information 

• "Mountain" is often used in idioms to represent a large problem or challenge, but "tip of the mountain" is not a recognized idiom and does not suggest a hidden larger issue.
• "Shoe" and "heel" do not relate to idioms about larger, unseen problems. "Tip of the shoe" or "tip of the heel" are not standard expressions in English and don't convey the meaning of a small part of a larger issue.
• It's important to use idioms correctly to ensure clear communication. The correct use of "tip of the iceberg" conveys that the visible problem (termites) is only a small indication of a larger issue with the house.

The erroneous part is: a.

Key Points

• The article "a" is used incorrectly before the word "Mahabharata". "Mahabharata" is a proper noun referring to a specific epic text, thus it does not require an article.
• The other parts of the sentence, "certain," "to," and "love," are used appropriately and contain no error.

Therefore, the corrected sentence should be: I love to read certain stories from the Mahabharata. 

Additional Information

• "Certain" is an adjective that means known but not named or specified, used correctly here to indicate specific but unidentified stories.
• "To" is a preposition used correctly here as part of the infinitive "to read."
• "Love" is a verb expressing a strong affection or enthusiasm for something. It is correctly used here to indicate the subject’s enjoyment of reading stories from the Mahabharata.
• Articles like "a" and "the" are often misused with proper nouns, which do not typically require an indefinite article unless they are used in a more general sense.

The correct answer is: Increase.

Key Points

• The sentence implies that a change in population that hinders growth is being discussed. Here, "increase" fits the context, as it would strain resources. (वृद्धि)
• ​For example: The company saw an increase in profits after launching the new product.
• The other options, "Contract," "Decrease," and "Reduce," would typically not be considered hindrances to a country's growth in population terms.

​Therefore, the correct answer to fill the blank is: Increase.

Additional Information

• "Contract" typically means to become smaller or to decrease in size, which in the context of population, could imply a negative growth rate.(संकुचित)
• ​For example: The muscles contract during a workout.
• "Decrease" means to diminish in size, number, or extent, which is usually a goal for population control, not a hindrance. (घटना)
• ​For example: Sales decreased due to the economic downturn.
• "Reduce" also means to make smaller or less in amount, degree, or size, and is often used in positive contexts regarding population growth. (कम करना)
• ​​For example: The store decided to reduce prices for the clearance sale.
• Increases in population can lead to overpopulation, which is associated with various social and environmental issues such as unemployment, pollution, and scarcity of resources.

The correct answer is: Cosmopolitan.

Key Points

• "Cosmopolitan" refers to someone who is at ease in any part of the world and has an international outlook, which aligns with the concept of regarding the world as one's country.  (सर्वदेशीय)
• ​For example: She has a cosmopolitan outlook, having lived in many countries around the world.
• This term is often used to describe individuals who have an international outlook and experience in multiple cultures.

​Therefore, the correct answer is: Cosmopolitan.

Additional Information

• A "Metropolitan" person is someone who is associated with a large city, not necessarily with a global or worldly perspective. (महानगरीय)
• ​For example: New York is a bustling metropolitan area with diverse cultures.
• An "Atheist" is someone who does not believe in the existence of God, which is not related to the idea of global citizenship. (नास्तिक)
• ​For example: An atheist does not believe in the existence of a god or gods.
• A "Philanthropist" is someone who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by donating money to good causes, which does not inherently include a global or worldly perspective. (लोकोपकारक)
• ​For example: The philanthropist donated a large sum of money to build the new hospital wing.

The correct answer is: Oblivious.

Key Points

• "Oblivious" correctly describes a state of being unaware or not informed about something. (अनजान)
• The word "oblivious" is often used to indicate that someone is completely unaware of what is happening around them.
• For example: He was oblivious to the fact that he had a stain on his shirt.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Oblivious.

Additional Information

• "Uneducated" typically refers to a lack of formal education or schooling, which does not necessarily imply unawareness or lack of information about a specific topic or situation. (अशिक्षित)
• For example, "Despite being uneducated, she had a wealth of practical knowledge and wisdom."
• "Absent" usually means not present in a place, at an occasion, or as part of something. It does not specifically address the lack of awareness or information. (अनुपस्थित)
• For example, "He was absent from the meeting due to illness."
• "Inconscient" means not awake and not aware of and responding to one's environment, (असंगत) 
• For example, "During the meeting, he made several inconscient comments that revealed his lack of awareness about the project's key details."

The correct antonym is: Careless.

Key Points

• "Selective" means carefully choosing the best or most suitable, so the antonym would be not careful in choosing, which "Careless" represents. (चयनात्मक)
• "Careless" implies a lack of concern or attention, which would be the opposite of the careful selection implied by "Selective." (लापरवाह)
• For example: She was careless with her belongings and often misplaced her keys.