SSC CGL 2023 Tier-I Official Paper (Held On: 27 Jul 2023 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

Preparing the family tree using the following symbol:

Family Tree :-

∴ Here, Girl in the photograph is brother's wife of Sneha.

Hence, the correct answer is "Brother's wife".

The logic followed here is :-

• GPK ∶ MSI

and

• RHT ∶ VKT

Similarly,

• IDW ∶ ?

Hence, the correct answer is "YGK".

The correct mirror image of the given combination when the mirror is placed at right side is as shown below :-

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is :-

Number of alphabets in given word².

• 'DUST' is coded as 16.

Number of alphabets in word DUST = 4 → 4² = 16

and

• 'EARTH' is coded as 25 .

Number of alphabets in word EARTH = 5 → 5² = 25

Similarly,

'MAN' will be coded as :

Number of alphabets in word MAN = 3 → 3² = 9

Hence, the correct answer is "9".

The arrangement of the given words in the order in which they appear in an English dictionary is as shown below :

6. Diagram
7. Dialect
8. Dialogue
9. Diameter
10. Diamond
11. Dictator

Hence, the correct answer is "6, 4, 2, 5, 1, 3".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "GVJV".

The logic followed here is :-

Sum of opposite alphabetical positional value × 5

'BOOK' is written as '325'. 

= (25 + 12 + 12 + 16) × 5

= 65 × 5

= 325

and

'READ' is written as '400'.

= (9 + 22 + 26 + 23) × 5

= 80 × 5

= 400

Similarly,

'ABLE' will be written as :

= (26 + 25 + 15 + 22) × 5

= 88 × 5

= 440

Hence, the correct answer is "440".

Given :- G _ A R E G L _ R _ G _ C _ E G L _ _ E

By checking options and substituting accordingly.

1) K B E L R D R → G K A R E - G L B R E - G L C R E - G L D R E

2) L B E L R D R → G L A R E - G L B R E - G L C R E - G L D R E

• Here
• is repeated

3) L A E L R E R → G L A R E - G L A R E - G L C R E - G L E R E

4) K B E L R E R → G K A R E - G L B R E - G L C R E - G L E R E

• Option (2) gives the pattern of :- G L A R E - G L B R E - G L C R E - G L D R E

Hence, the correct answer is "L B E L R D R".

The logic followed here is :-

1) FJU

2) KNP

3) CGX

4) IMR

∴ Here, 'KNP' is different from other three alternatives.

Hence, the correct answer is "KNP".

The logic followed here is :-

(First number × 3) ÷ Second number

• (4, 2, 6) → (4 × 3) ÷ 2 = 12 ÷ 2 = 6

and

• (9, 3, 9) → (9 × 3) ÷ 3 = 27 ÷ 3 = 9

Similarly,

• (24, 6, ?) → ( 24 × 3) ÷ 6 = 72 ÷ 6 = 12

Hence, the correct answer is "12".

The logic followed here is :-

((First number + Third number) ÷ 2) - 1

• (17, 26, 37) → ((17 + 37) ÷ 2 ) - 1 = (54 ÷ 2) - 1 = 27 - 1 = 26

and

• (170, 197, 226) → ((170 + 226) ÷ 2) - 1 = (396 ÷ 2) - 1 = 198 - 1 = 197

Similarly,

• (48, 63, 80) → ((48 + 80) ÷ 2) - 1 = (128 ÷ 2) - 1 = 64 - 1 = 63

Hence, the correct answer is "(48, 63, 80)".

The logic follows here is:

Logic: 1^st number + 2^nd number = 3^rd number.

Now,

(38, 29, 67)

→ 38 + 29 = 67.

(43, 36, 79)

→ 43 + 36 = 79.

Similarly, for (47, 35, 82)

→ 47 + 35 = 82.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given relation is as shown below :

Snakes and Crocodiles are called as reptiles.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The logic followed here is :-

First number - Second number.

1) (1826, 1472) → 1826 - 1472 = 354

2) (1984, 1505) → 1984 - 1505 = 479

3) (1805, 1326) → 1805 - 1326 = 479 

4) (2136 ,1657) → 2136 - 1657 = 479

∴ Here, '(1826, 1472)' is different from other three alternatives.

Hence, the correct answer is "(1826, 1472)".

The logic follows here is:

Logic: (1^st number × 2) - (1^st number ÷ 3) = 2^nd number.

Now,

(39, 65)

→ (39 × 2) - (39 ÷ 3)

→ 78 - 13 = 65

(63, 105)

→ (63 × 2) - (63 ÷ 3)

→ 126 - 21 = 105

Similarly, for (96, 160)

→ (96 × 2) - (96 ÷ 3)

→ 192 - 32 = 160.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Alternate Method

The logic followed here is: (Number × 3, Number × 5)

Now,

Option 1) (66, 165)

22 × 3 = 66

22 × 5 = 110

Option 2) (96, 160)

32 × 3 = 96

32 × 5 = 160

Option 3) (72, 180)

24 ×  3 = 72

24 × 5 = 120

Option 4) (84, 155)

28 × 3 = 84

28 × 5 = 140

So, (96, 160) follows the logic.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

After unfolding the given paper the image formed is as shown below :

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

The least possible Venn diagram for the given relations is as shown below :

There is no relation between Pens, Books, Erasers.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is :-

By using BODMAS RULE :

Option 1) : × and ÷

Given equation is  : 110 ÷ 20 + 5 × 13 - 9 = 153

After interchanging the two signs the equation is as follows : 110 × 20 + 5 ÷ 13 - 9 = 153

⇒ 110 × 20 + 5 ÷ 13 - 9 = 153

⇒ 110 × 20 + 0.3846 - 9 = 153

⇒ 2200 + 0.3846 - 9 = 153

⇒ 2200.3846 - 9 = 153

⇒ 2191.3846 ≠ 153

LHS ≠ RHS

Option 2) : ÷ and +

Given equation is  : 110 ÷ 20 + 5 × 13 - 9 = 153

After interchanging the two signs the equation is as follows : 110 + 20 ÷ 5 × 13 - 9 = 153

⇒ 110 + 20 ÷ 5 × 13 - 9 = 153

⇒ 110 + 4 × 13 - 9 = 153

⇒ 110 + 52 - 9 = 153

⇒ 162 - 9 = 153

⇒ 153 = 153

LHS = RHS

Option 3) : - and ×

Given equation is  : 110 ÷ 20 + 5 × 13 - 9 = 153

After interchanging the two signs the equation is as follows : 110 ÷ 20 + 5 - 13 × 9 = 153

⇒ 110 ÷ 20 + 5 - 13 × 9 = 153

⇒ 5.5 + 5 - 13 × 9 = 153

⇒ 5.5 + 5 - 117 = 153

⇒ 10.5 - 117 = 153

⇒ -106.5 ≠ 153

LHS ≠ RHS

Option 4) : + and -

Given equation is  : 110 ÷ 20 + 5 × 13 - 9 = 153

After interchanging the two signs the equation is as follows : 110 ÷ 20 - 5 × 13 + 9 = 153

⇒ 110 ÷ 20 - 5 × 13 + 9 = 153

⇒ 5.5 - 5 × 13 + 9 = 153

⇒ 5.5 - 65 + 9 = 153

⇒ 14.5 - 65 = 153

⇒ -50.5 ≠ 153

LHS ≠ RHS

Hence, the correct answer is "÷ and +".

The logic followed here is :-

Ringworm is a infection caused on skin.

Similarly,

Tapeworm is a infection caused on intestine.

Hence, the correct answer is "Intestine".

The correct mirror image from the following options, when the mirror MN is placed on the right side of the given figure :

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The image that can replace the question mark (?) in the following series is as shown below :

• Here, 'Triangle" is inverted and shift one step clockwise from figure to figure.
• The 'Arrow' rotated 90 degrees clockwise in same position from figure to figure.
• The =, +, o is shifter one step clockwise from figure to figure.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

The logic followed here is :-

The whole fraction is multiplied by 2.

Hence, the correct answer is "$\lbrack 1\over44]$"

The logic followed here is :-

By using BODMAS RULE :

Given expression is : 805 + 23 ÷ 4 - 6 × 2

After replacing operators in place of alphabets the expression is as follows : 805 ÷ 23 - 4 × 6 + 2

= 805 ÷ 23 - 4 × 6 + 2

= 35 - 4 × 6 + 2

= 35 - 24 + 2

= 37 - 24

= 13

Hence, the correct answer is "13".

The figure that will come next in the following figure series is as shown below :

• The 'Triangle' is rotated 90 degrees clockwise from figure to figure.
• The 'Rectangle' box unshaded in first figure shaded in second figure and repeats alternately.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 4".

The correct answer is Plutonium.

Key Points

• Plutonium was discovered by Glenn T Seaborg in 1940.
• It is a silvery-gray actinide metal that oxidizes to a dull covering and tarnishes when exposed to air.
• The element typically manifests in four oxidation states and six allotropes.
• Plutonium-238 is used as a heat source for sensitive electrical components in satellites as well as a power source for satellites.

Additional Information

• Curium is a radioactive metallic element and is used in the production of alpha particles for cancer treatment.
• It is also used in heart pacemakers.
• Nobelium is a synthetic element and has no known uses.
• Because of its radioactivity, it is toxic.
• Americium is a radioactive element and is used in smoke detectors and as a source of gamma radiation for industrial radiography.
• The most prevalent form of Americium is Americium-241.

The correct answer is Odissi.

Key Points

• Odissi is a classical dance form that originated in the state of Odisha in eastern India.
• The Jagannath Temple in Puri is one of the most famous pilgrimage sites for Hindus and is dedicated to Lord Jagannath, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu.
• The temple is known for its annual Rath Yatra festival.
• Odissi dance is an integral part of the rituals and traditions of the Jagannath Temple.
• The temple has a dedicated dance hall called the Natamandira, where Odissi performances are held during festivals and other special occasions.
• Odissi is characterized by its graceful movements, intricate footwork, and expressive gestures.
• It is known for its emphasis on the tribhangi posture, where the body is bent in three places - the head, torso, and knees.
• Odissi has a rich history and has evolved over the centuries, incorporating elements from other dance forms and cultural traditions.
• It is recognized as one of the eight classical dance forms of India.

Additional Information

• Kuchipudi is a classical dance form that originated in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
• It is known for its fast-paced footwork and dramatic storytelling.
• Bharatanatyam is a classical dance form that originated in the state of Tamil Nadu.
• It is known for its intricate hand gestures and facial expressions.
• Kathak is a classical dance form that originated in northern India.
• It is known for its fast footwork and complex rhythmic patterns.
• While these dance forms are not directly associated with the Jagannath Temple in Puri, they are important part of India's rich cultural heritage and have their own unique styles and traditions.

The correct answer is Shashi Prabha Dwivedi.

Key Points

• Shashi Prabha Dwivedi became the Director General of police in Punjab in 2023.
• She is one of the first women IPS officers to achieve this position, making her a trailblazer for women in law enforcement in India.
• Senior IPS officer Shashi Prabha is from the 1993 batch.

Additional Information

• Meera Chadha Borwankar is also a retired IPS officer who served as the Director General of the Bureau of Police Research and Development.
• She has been widely recognized for her work in police reforms and women's safety.
• Aparajita Rai is a senior IPS officer who has served in various capacities in Uttar Pradesh, including as the Deputy Inspector General of Police in Lucknow.
• She is known for her work in cybercrime and has received several awards for her contributions to the field.
• Ruveda Salam is a young IPS officer from Jammu and Kashmir who has been hailed as a role model for young girls aspiring to join the police force.
• She is known for her work in community policing and has been recognized for her efforts to promote gender equality and women's empowerment.

The correct answer is weathering.

Key Points

• Weathering is the natural process of mechanical disintegration and/or chemical decomposition of rocks due to physical and chemical agents of the atmosphere.
• Weathering can be caused by various factors such as temperature changes, water, wind, and living organisms.
• Weathering can lead to the formation of soil, sedimentary rocks, and mineral deposits.

Additional Information

• Solidification of rocks:
• This refers to the process of molten rocks cooling and hardening to form solid rocks.
• This process is also known as crystallization.
• Igneous rocks are formed through solidification.
• New rock formation:
• This can occur through various processes such as volcanic activity, where molten rocks are ejected from the Earth's interior and solidify on the surface.
• Sedimentary rocks can also form from the accumulation of sediment on the Earth's surface.

The correct answer is 4 overs.

Key Points

• The maximum limit of overs per bowler has been set at 4 overs to maintain the balance between the bat and ball and to ensure that the game remains exciting and unpredictable.
• If a bowler exceeds his limit of 4 overs, then it is considered as an illegal delivery, and the batting team is awarded a run penalty.
• In addition to T20 cricket matches, this rule also applies to other limited-overs cricket formats, such as ODI (One Day International) matches.

Additional Information

• ​Each team in a Twenty20 match gets one innings, which can only be as long as twenty overs.
• An average Twenty20 match lasts roughly two and a half hours, with each innings lasting roughly seventy minutes.
• The official interval between innings is ten minutes.

The correct answer is Chandra Shekhar.

Key Points

• Chandra Shekhar served as the Prime Minister of India for a brief period of 7 months from November 1990 to June 1991.
• Chandra Shekhar was a prominent Indian politician who served as the 8^th Prime Minister of India.
• He was a member of the Indian National Congress party before he formed his own political party, the Janata Dal, in 1988.

Additional Information

• HD Deva Gowda served as the Prime Minister of India from June 1996 to April 1997 for a duration of 10 months.
• He was the 11^th Prime Minister of India and belonged to the Janata Dal party.
• VP Singh served as the Prime Minister of India from December 1989 to November 1990 for a duration of 11 months.
• He was the 7^th Prime Minister of India and belonged to the Janata Dal party.
• IK Gujral served as the Prime Minister of India from April 1997 to March 1998 for a duration of 11 months.
• He was the 12^th Prime Minister of India and belonged to the Janata Dal party.

The correct answer is 1980.

Key Points

• India won the gold medal in men's hockey at the 1980 Olympic Games held in Moscow, USSR.
• This was the eighth time that India had won a gold medal in men's hockey in the Olympic Games.
• India defeated Spain in the final by 4-3 to win the gold medal.
• The Indian team was led by Vasudevan Baskaran and had legendary players like Zafar Iqbal, Mohammed Shahid, and Merwyn Fernandes.

Additional Information

• Hockey India is in charge of the men's national field hockey squad for India, which competes internationally.
• The Indian Hockey Federation used to be in charge of the squad.
• India won the Asia Cup Four times: in 2003, 2007, 2017 and 2024.

The correct answer is Atal Tunnel.

Key Points

• Atal Tunnel is the longest highway single-tube tunnel in the world and is located in the Rohtang Pass of the Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh, India.
• It reduces the travel distance between Manali and Keylong by 46 km and the travel time by around 4-5 hours.
• The tunnel is named after former Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, who initiated the project in 2002.
• The construction of the tunnel was a challenging task due to the tough terrain and adverse weather conditions, but it was completed in a record time of 10 years.
• The tunnel is a significant infrastructure development that not only provides a better connectivity but also boosts the economy of the region by promoting tourism and trade.

Additional Information

• Natuwadi Tunnel is a proposed tunnel.
• It will connect the Natuwadi ghat of Maharashtra with the Konkan coast.
• Karbude Tunnel is a railway tunnel.
• It is located in the Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra, India.
• Jawahar Tunnel is a road tunnel located in the Pir Panjal range of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
• It connects Srinagar with Jammu.

The correct answer is NABARD.

Key Points

• NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) is a development financial institution in India that was established in 1982.
• It was set up to promote rural development and agriculture in the country.
• The Self-Help Group - Bank Linkage Programme was launched by NABARD in 1992-93 to provide financial assistance to self-help groups (SHGs) in rural areas.

Additional Information

• SBI (State Bank of India) is a government-owned banking and financial services company in India.
• It is the largest bank in the country in terms of assets, deposits, branches, customers, and employees.
• SBI has been involved in various initiatives to promote financial inclusion and empower the underprivileged sections of society, including SHGs.
• SIDBI (Small Industries Development Bank of India) is a government-owned financial institution that was set up in 1990 to promote and finance small-scale industries in the country.
• It provides various services and schemes for the development of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in India.
• IDBI (Industrial Development Bank of India) is a government-owned financial institution that was established in 1964 to provide financial assistance to industrial projects in the country.
• It was converted into a commercial bank in 2004 and is now known as IDBI Bank Limited.
• IDBI has been involved in various initiatives to support MSMEs and promote entrepreneurship in India.

The correct answer is Paray Shikshalaya.

Key Points

• Paray Shikshalaya is an open-air classroom programme launched by the West Bengal government in February 2022.
• The programme is aimed at providing education to students from Class 1 to 7 in an outdoor environment.
• The initiative is a part of the state government's efforts to promote outdoor learning and reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education.
• Under the Paray Shikshalaya programme, schools will be set up in open spaces such as parks, playgrounds, and community halls, where students can attend classes in a safe and socially distanced manner.

Additional Information

• Shiksha Abhiyan is a nationwide programme launched by the Government of India in 2001.
• It aimed at promoting universal elementary education.
• Samagra Shiksha is another initiative launched by the Government of India in 2018.
• It aimed at improving the quality of education in schools.
• SHREYAS is a scheme launched by the Ministry of Education in 2019.
• It aimed at providing industry apprenticeship opportunities to students.

The correct answer is Divine Tides.

Key Points

• Ricky Kej won his third Grammy award in 2023 for the album "Divine Tides".
• "Divine Tides" is a collaborative album between Ricky Kej and several other artists, including Lonnie Park, Wouter Kellerman, and others.
• Ricky Kej's previous Grammy wins were for his albums "Winds of Samsara" (2015) and "Ballad of Maya" (2019).

Additional Information

• "Winds of Samsara" is a collaboration between Ricky Kej and South African flutist Wouter Kellerman, and features a fusion of Indian classical music and African rhythms.
• "Ballad of Maya" is a concept album that explores the themes of love, loss, and reincarnation through the story of a woman named Maya.
• At the UN General Assembly in October 2023, Kej was named a UN "Goodwill Ambassador" (UNCCD).
• Kej was selected as GQ Hero 2020 by GQ magazine, and he was crowned GQ "Man of the Year" in 2023.
• He represents the Earth Day Network as an ambassador.

The correct answer is tidal.

Key Points

• Tidal energy is the correct answer for utilising in the Gulf of Khambhat, the Gulf of Kutch and Sundarbans region in India.
• Tidal energy is generated by the gravitational forces of the moon and the sun on the earth's water bodies.
• The Gulf of Khambhat and the Gulf of Kutch are known for their strong tidal currents, making them ideal locations for tidal energy projects.
• The Sundarbans region, located in the delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers, has a vast network of tidal creeks and channels which can be used to generate tidal energy.

Additional Information

• The most advanced and developed renewable energy source is wind energy.
• By harnessing the kinetic energy created by air currents, it uses wind to create electricity.
• The energy present in a system that determines its temperature is referred to as thermal energy.
• Thermal energy flows as heat.
• Any energy produced by the sun is referred to as solar energy.
• Nuclear fusion occurs in the sun and produces solar energy.

The correct answer is Bihar.

Key Points

• The Lomas Rishi cave is a famous man-made cave located in the state of Bihar, India.
• The cave was built during the Mauryan period, between the 3^rd and 4^th century BCE, and is one of the earliest examples of rock-cut architecture in India.
• The Lomas Rishi cave is carved out of a single granite rock and is adorned with intricate carvings and sculptures of various deities, including Lord Shiva, Lord Vishnu, and Goddess Durga.
• The cave is also known for its unique architecture, featuring a horseshoe-shaped entrance, a pillared veranda, and a square sanctum with a rock-cut lingam.
• Apart from the Lomas Rishi cave, Bihar is also home to several other ancient rock-cut caves, such as the **Barabar Caves, the Nagarjuni Caves, and the Gopi Bigaha Caves.**​

Additional Information

• Maharashtra is a state in western India and is known for its rich cultural heritage, including ancient rock-cut caves such as the Ajanta and Ellora caves.
• Karnataka is a state in southern India and is known for its historic monuments and temples, such as the Hampi ruins and the Chennakesava Temple.
• Madhya Pradesh is a state in central India and is known for its ancient rock-cut caves such as the Bhimbetka caves and the Udayagiri Caves.
• Bihar is a state in eastern India and is known for its rich history and cultural heritage, including ancient Buddhist and Hindu sites such as Nalanda, Bodh Gaya, and Rajgir.

The correct answer is Marketable surplus.

Key Points

• Commercialisation of agriculture refers to the process of transforming agriculture from a subsistence-based activity to a commercial enterprise.
• This involves producing crops and goods not only for personal consumption but also for sale in the market.
• When agriculture is commercialised, there is an increase in marketable surplus, which is the amount of agricultural produce that is available for sale in the market after meeting the needs of the producers and their families.
• This surplus can be sold for a profit, leading to an increase in income for the farmers.
• Producers' surplus refers to the difference between the price at which the producer is willing to sell a product and the actual price they receive in the market.
• This surplus is maximised when the producer is able to sell their product at a higher price than their cost of production.
• Consumer surplus refers to the difference between the price that consumers are willing to pay for a product and the actual price they pay.
• This surplus is maximised when the price of the product is lower than the value that consumers place on it.
• Income surplus refers to the increase in income that is generated as a result of commercialisation of agriculture.
• This surplus is maximised when the marketable surplus is sold at a price that is higher than the cost of production.

Additional Information

• The term 'commercialisation of agriculture' is often associated with the Green Revolution, which was a period of significant agricultural innovation and productivity growth that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s.
• The Green Revolution involved the introduction of new crop varieties, improved irrigation systems, and the use of fertilisers and pesticides.
• These innovations led to a significant increase in agricultural productivity and helped to alleviate food shortages in many parts of the world.
• However, there are also concerns about the negative environmental and social impacts of commercialisation of agriculture, such as soil degradation, water pollution, and displacement of small-scale farmers.
• In addition to marketable surplus, commercialisation of agriculture can also lead to the emergence of agribusinesses, which are large-scale, commercial enterprises that are involved in various aspects of agriculture, such as production, processing, and distribution.

The correct answer is Puthandu.

Key Points

• Puthandu is also known as Tamil New Year's Day and is celebrated on the first day of the Tamil month of Chithirai.
• The festival is observed by Tamils all over the world and is a time for family gatherings, feasting, and exchanging gifts.
• It is thought that Lord Indra arrived to earth on this auspicious day to bring about harmony and tranquility.
• It's also thought that Lord Brahma started the universe's creation.

Additional Information

• Mahamaham is a festival celebrated in Tamil Nadu once every 12 years at the Mahamaham tank in Kumbakonam.
• It is believed that taking a dip in the tank during the festival will wash away all sins and lead to salvation.
• Onam is a harvest festival celebrated in Kerala in honor of King Mahabali.
• It is a ten-day festival that falls in the Malayalam month of Chingam and is marked by feasting, boat races, and cultural programs.
• Pongal is a harvest festival celebrated in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana.
• It is a four-day festival that falls in the Tamil month of Thai and is marked by the cooking of sweet rice dishes and the drawing of Kolams (rangoli) on the floor.

The correct answer is Flatworms.

Key Points

• An endoparasite is a parasite that lives inside the body of its host.
• It may reside in the digestive tract, blood vessels, or other organs of the host animal.
• Flatworms are a type of endoparasite that can be found in a variety of animals, including humans.
• They are also known as tapeworms or flukes.

Additional Information

• Pleurobrachia and Ctenoplana are both marine animals that belong to the phylum Ctenophora, also known as comb jellies.
• They are carnivorous and feed on small planktonic animals.
• Adamsia is a type of sea anemone that lives in symbiosis with certain species of hermit crabs.
• The crab provides protection for the anemone, while the anemone provides a source of food for the crab.

The correct answer is secondary alcohol.

Key Points

• A hydroxy group (-OH) attached to a saturated carbon atom with two other carbon atoms attached to it is known as a secondary alcohol.
• There are two alkyl groups present; their structures can differ or be the same.
• Secondary alcohol examples include 2 – propanol and 2 – butanol.

Additional Information

• Primary alcohols have the hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom with only one other carbon atom attached to it.
• In the case of a tertiary alcohol, the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom with three other carbon atoms attached to it.
• An aldehyde is a compound that contains a carbonyl group (-C=O) attached to at least one hydrogen atom.
• This group is always located at the end of a carbon chain.

The correct option is Odissi.

Key Points

• Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibushan awardee, Guru Kelucharan Mohapatra, was instrumental in reviving the classical dance form of Odissi.
• Guru Kelucharan Mohapatra was a renowned Indian classical dancer and choreographer who played a significant role in popularizing Odissi dance form across the world.
• Odissi is one of the eight classical dance forms of India that originated in the eastern state of Odisha.
• It has a rich history and is known for its graceful movements, expressions, and intricate footwork.

Additional Information

• Kuchipudi is a classical dance form that originated in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
• It is known for its fast-paced footwork and dramatic storytelling.
• Bharatanatyam is a classical dance form that originated in the southern state of Tamil Nadu.
• It is known for its grace, symmetry, and expressive storytelling.
• Manipuri is a classical dance form that originated in the northeastern state of Manipur.
• ​It is known for its fluid movements, delicate footwork, and devotional themes.

The correct answer is Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship.

Key Points

• The Preamble of the Constitution of India is an introductory statement that sets out the objectives, principles, and purposes of the Constitution.
• It was adopted on 26^th November 1949 by the Constituent Assembly and came into effect on 26^th January 1950.
• The Preamble declares India to be a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, and republic nation.
• It also enshrines the ideals of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity, which form the basis of the Constitution.

Additional Information

• Fraternity means a sense of brotherhood or unity among people, and it assures human dignity by promoting the values of mutual respect and compassion.
• Equality of status and opportunity means that all individuals are equal before the law and have equal opportunities to work and earn a livelihood.
• Justice, social, economic, and Political means that the Constitution seeks to establish a just society that ensures social, economic, and Political equality for all citizens.

The correct answer is Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.

Key Points

• Bankim Chandra Chatterjee was a prominent Bengali writer and novelist who is best known for his novel 'Anand Math'.
• This novel is set in the backdrop of the Sannyasi Rebellion in the late 18^th century and revolves around the theme of patriotism and nationalism.
• The novel 'Anand Math' is also known for its contribution to the Indian independence movement.
• The song 'Vande Mataram' which is the national song of India, was first introduced in this novel.
• It became a popular patriotic song during the freedom struggle and played a significant role in unifying the people against the British rule.

Additional Information

• Abanindranath Tagore was a famous Indian painter and the nephew of Rabindranath Tagore.
• Rabindranath Tagore was a renowned Indian poet, writer, and philosopher.
• ​He is best known for his work 'Gitanjali' and was the first Indian to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature.
• Mohammad Iqbal was a famous Urdu poet and philosopher who is also known as Allama Iqbal.
• He is best known for his poem 'Saare Jahaan Se Achha' and is considered to be one of the most important figures in South Asian literature.

The correct answer is Lt General Anil Chauhan (Retired).

Key Points

• In September 2022, Lt General Anil Chauhan (Retired) was appointed as Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) of India.
• Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) is a four-star officer rank in the Indian Armed Forces.
• The CDS is the principal military advisor to the Government of India, and is responsible for coordinating and integrating the operations of the three services - Army, Navy, and Air Force.

Additional Information

• General Manoj Mukund Naravane is the current Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army, and assumed office on 31 December 2019.
• General Dalbir Singh Suhag is a retired General of the Indian Army, who served as the Chief of Army Staff from 2014 to 2016.
• The main and land-based branch of the Indian Armed Forces is the Indian Army.
• The Chief of Army Staff (COAS) is the professional head of the Indian Army, which is headed by the President of India.

The correct answer is Himachal Pradesh.

Key Points

• As per the Census of India 2011, the total population of Himachal Pradesh was 6,864,602, out of which 95.17% were Hindus.
• This means that almost 6.5 million people in Himachal Pradesh follow Hinduism.
• The state of Himachal Pradesh is located in the northern part of India and is known for its scenic beauty, snow-capped mountains, and rich cultural heritage.
• Hinduism is the dominant religion in Himachal Pradesh, and there are several ancient temples and shrines dedicated to various Hindu deities in the state.
• Other major religions in Himachal Pradesh include Buddhism, Islam, and Sikhism, but they have a much smaller following as compared to Hinduism.

Additional Information

• According to the Census of India 2011, the total population of Chhattisgarh was 25,545,198, out of which 93.25% were Hindus.
• This means that almost 23.8 million people in Chhattisgarh follow Hinduism.
• According to the Census of India 2011, the total population of Odisha was 41,974,218, out of which 94.35% were Hindus.
• This means that almost 39.6 million people in Odisha follow Hinduism.
• According to the Census of India 2011, the total population of Madhya Pradesh was 72,626,809, out of which 90.89% were Hindus.
• This means that almost 66 million people in Madhya Pradesh follow Hinduism.

The correct answer is sulphur.

Key Points

• Garlic belongs to the Allium family of vegetables, which also includes onions, leeks, and shallots.
• When garlic is chopped or crushed, it releases an enzyme called alliinase, which converts alliin (an amino acid) into allicin (an organosulfur compound).
• Allicin is responsible for the pungent smell and taste of garlic.
• When allicin breaks down, it produces a variety of sulfur-containing compounds, including diallyl disulfide, allyl mercaptan, and allyl methyl sulfide, which give garlic its characteristic garlicky odour.

Additional Information

• Iodine is a chemical element that is essential for the production of thyroid hormones in the body.
• It is often used as a disinfectant and in the treatment of thyroid disorders.
• Copper is a metal that is commonly used in electrical wiring, plumbing, and construction.
• It is also an important nutrient for the human body and is involved in the production of red blood cells.
• Chlorine is a chemical element that is commonly used as a disinfectant in swimming pools and drinking water.
• It is also used in the production of many household and industrial chemicals.
• Sulphur is a chemical element that is found in many minerals and organic compounds.
• It is used in the production of fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemicals.
• It is also an important nutrient for plants and animals.

Tughril Beg

Key Points

• Tughril Beg
• Tughril Beg was a governor under Sultan Balban's rule.
• He declared his independence in Bengal in 1279, revolting against Balban.
• He proclaimed himself as the ruler of Bengal during his revolt.
• Balban had to send multiple expeditions to subdue his rebellion.

Additional Information

• Muhammad Khan
• There is no significant historical record of Muhammad Khan revolting against Balban or declaring himself an independent ruler during this period.
• Bughra Khan
• Bughra Khan was Balban's son and was sent to Bengal as a governor.
• He did not revolt against Balban; instead, he returned to Delhi upon Balban's orders.
• Nasir-ud-din Mahmud
• Nasir-ud-din Mahmud was Balban's son-in-law, who ruled Bengal but did not revolt against his father -in -law.
• He was appointed as the governor of Bengal by Balban and remained loyal.

The correct answer is Indian National Congress.

Key Points

• Indian National Congress was established in 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume, Dadabhai Naoroji, Dinshaw Wacha, and others.
• The Indian National Congress aimed to unite and mobilize the Indian people against British colonial rule and to promote Indian interests and rights.
• In addition to leading India's independence from the UK, the Congress had a big impact on other anti-colonial nationalist movements throughout the British Empire.

Additional Information

• Communist Party of India was founded in 1925 and was influenced by Marxist-Leninist ideology.
• It played a significant role in the Indian independence movement and subsequent politics.
• Muslim League was established in 1906 to represent the interests of Indian Muslims, who feared marginalization in the predominantly Hindu Congress.
• The League later demanded a separate Muslim state, which led to the partition of India in 1947.
• The East India Company was a British trading and colonial organization that played a major role in India from the 1600s to the 1800s.
• However, the Company was dissolved in 1858, well before 1885.

Given:-

x³ - y³ = 6272 

x - y = 8

Formula used:-

( A³  + B³) = ( A  + B)³ - 3AB( A  + B)  

( A3 - B3) = ( A  - B)3 + 3AB( A  - B)

Calculation:-

According to the formula, 

x3 - y3 = ( x - y )³ + 3xy(x - y)  

⇒ ( x - y )3 + 3xy(x - y) = 6272 

⇒ 8³ + 3xy(8) = 6272 

⇒24xy = 6272 - 512 = 5760 

⇒ xy = 240 .....(1)

Now,

(x - y) = 8 [Given]

Square both sides,

(x - y)² =  64 

⇒ x² + y² - 2xy = 64 

⇒ x2 + y2 = 64 + 2× 240 [ xy = 240] 

⇒ x2 + y2 = 544 ....(2)

We know that

(x + y)² = x² + y² + 2xy 

⇒ (x + y)2 = 544 +  2× 240  

⇒ (x + y)2 = 1024 

⇒ (x + y) = 32

As per the question,

 x3 +  y3 = ( x + y )3 - 3xy(x + y) 

⇒  x3 +  y3 = 32³ - 3 × 32 × 240   

⇒ 32768 - 23040 = 9728 

∴ The required answer is 9728.

Given:-

The price of oil is increased by 81%

Calculation:-

Let initially oil is consumed 100lt at 100₹/lt.

Initial expenditure = 100 × 100 = 10000

Now, new price = 181% of 100 = ₹181 And

Required percentage = [{(181) - 100}/181] × 100 = % = 44.75% 

 ∴ The required answer is 44.75.

Alternate Method

               Price          Consumption          Expenditure

Old          100               181                         a

New         181               100                        a

percentage change = (81/181) * 100 = 44.75

 ∴ The required answer is 44.75.

Shortcut Trick

Identify the expression 8x³ + 27y³ as (2x)³ + (3y)³.

Apply the direct formula: a³ + b³ = (a + b)³ − 3ab(a + b).

Substitute the given values where (a + b) = 16 and ab = (2x)(3y) = 6xy = 6 × 9 = 54.

Calculation: 16³ − 3 × 54 × 16 = 4096 − 2592 = 1504.

∴ The correct answer is 1504.

Alternate Method

Given:

2x + 3y = 16

xy = 9

Formula Used:

(a + b)³ = a³ + b³ + 3ab(a + b)

Calculations:

⇒ Let a = 2x and b = 3y.

⇒ (2x + 3y)³ = (2x)³ + (3y)³ + 3(2x)(3y)(2x + 3y)

⇒ (2x + 3y)³ = 8x³ + 27y³ + 18xy(2x + 3y)

⇒ 16³ = 8x³ + 27y³ + 18 × 9 × 16

⇒ 4096 = 8x³ + 27y³ + 2592

⇒ 8x³ + 27y³ = 4096 − 2592

⇒ 8x³ + 27y³ = 1504

∴ The correct answer is 1504.

Additional Information

Sum of Cubes Identity

The formula for the sum of cubes is a³ + b³ = (a + b)(a² − ab + b²) or (a + b)³ − 3ab(a + b).

Difference of Cubes Identity

The formula for the difference of cubes is a³ − b³ = (a − b)(a² + ab + b²) or (a − b)³ + 3ab(a − b).

Square of a Binomial

The basic algebraic expansion for a square is (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b².

Given:-

Two chords AB and CD intersect each other at point P.

AB = 18 cm, PB = 6 cm, and CP = 4 cm

Formula used:-

If two chords AB and CD intersect each other at point P inside the circle,

then AP × PB = CP × PD

Calculation:-

AP = AB - PB

⇒ AP = 18 - 6 = 12 cm

According to the formula

AP × PB = CP × PD

⇒ 12 × 6 = 4 × PD

⇒ PD = 72/4

∴ The required answer is 18.

Given:- 

x + y = 25 and xy = 20

Formula used:-

(x + y)³ = x³ + y³ + 3xy(x + y)

Calculation:- 

⇒ 25³ = x³ + y³ + 3 × 20×25   

⇒ 15625 = x³ + y³ + 1500  

⇒   x3 + y3 = 15625 − 1500 = 14125 

∴ The required answer is 14125.

Given:-  

Sohan's speed = 36 km/h = (36 × 1000 m) / (3600 s) = 10 m/s

Amit's speed = 54 km/h = (54 ×1000 m) / (3600 s) = 15 m/s

Formula used:-

Two trains/bodies are moving in the same direction at u m/s & v m/s,

where u>v then the relative speed in the same direction = (u - v) m/s.

Calculation:-

Relative speed = Amit's speed - Sohan's speed 

⇒15 m/s - 10 m/s = 5 m/s

Time (t) = Distance (d) / Relative Speed

Time (t) = 1125 m / 5 m/s = 225 seconds

∴ Sohan and Amit will meet for the first time since the start of the race after 225 seconds.

Detailed solution:-

Smallest 5-digit number  = 10000

On dividing 10000 by 526, 

⇒ 10000/526

We get Remainder =  6

So 526 − 6 = 520  should be added to 10000 to divide

the smallest 5-digit number by 526.

⇒ 10000 + 520 = 10520 

∴ The required answer is 10520.

Given:-

Speed of first man = 4 km/hr

Speed of second man = 6 km/h

Formula used:- 

Distance = Speed x Time 

Calculation:- 

Distance = 4 ×T

For the second motorist (traveling at 6 km/h)

Distance  = 6 × (T - 0.5) 

Their distances must be the same 

⇒ Distance1 = Distance2 

⇒ 4T = 6(T - 0.5) 

⇒ T = 3/2 Hours

Distance = 4 km/h × (3/2) hours = 6 km

∴ The motorist traveling at 4 km/h traveled a distance of 6 km to reach the destination.

Given:-

A + B = 90° 

SinA = 3/5

Formula Used:- 

Hypotenuse2 = Perpendicular2 + Base2

Sinθ = Perpendicular(P)/Hypotenuse(H)

tanθ = Perpendicular/Base(B)

tan(90° - A) =  cotA

Calculation:-

SinA = 3/5 = P/H

⇒ P = 3k and H = 5k   [Where k is a constant]

Base = √(H² - P²)

⇒ Base = √(5k)² - (3k)²

⇒ Base = 4k

⇒ tanA = P/B

⇒ tanA = 3k/4k = 3/4  

⇒ tan(90° - B) = 3/4

⇒ cotB = 3/4

⇒ tanB = 4/3

∴ The required answer is tanB = 4/3.

Given:-   

Imports in 1974 = 6000 

Imports in 1971 = 1600

Calculation:-

Imports ratio = Imports in 1974 / Imports in 1971

Imports ratio = 6000 / 1600

Imports ratio = 3.75

∴The imports in 1974 were  3.75 times that of the imports in 1971.

Detailed solution:-

Class VII-

Total students = boys + girls = 65 + 58 = 123

Class VIII-

Total students = boys + girls = 59 + 57 = 116

Class IX-

Total students = boys + girls = 60 + 62 = 122

Class X-

Total students = boys + girls = 61 + 59 = 120

Among these classes, Class VII has the maximum number

of students with 123 students.     

∴ Class VII has the maximum number of students.

Given:-

Ashok alone can do the work in 8 days.

Anil alone can do the work in 12 days.

Formula used:- 

Work = Time × Efficiency

Calculations:- 

LCM of (8, 12) = 24

Let the total work be 24

Efficiency of Ashok = 24/8 = 3

Efficiency of anil = 24/12 = 2

With the assistance of Amer, they finished the work in 4 days.

⇒ Efficiency of Ashok, Anil, and Amer is 24/4 = 6

⇒ Ashok + Anil + Amer = 6

⇒ Amer = 6 – 2 – 3 = 1

Their efficiency ratio is Ashok: Anil: Amer = 3: 2: 1

⇒ Share of Amer = (1/6) × 4500 = 750

∴ The share of Amer is 750 Rs.

Given:- 

AB = AD = 9 cm and AC = AE = 13 and BC = 15 cm

Concept Used:-

According to the concept of similarity, two triangles are

said to be similar if two sides of one triangle are in the

same ratio as two sides of the other triangle and the

the angle subtended by the two sides in both triangles is equal.

Calculation:-

Since AB = AD, and AC = AE,

By concept,

ΔABC ∼ ΔADE

Therefore,

⇒ AB/AD = BC/ED = AC/AE

Now,

⇒ AB/AD = BC/ED

⇒ 1 = 15/ED (∵ AB = AD)

⇒ ED = 15

∴ The length of ED is 15 cm.

Detailed solution:-

θ₁ + θ₂ = π/2 

sin(θ₁) = 1/2

We can use the fact that sin(π/6) = 1/2 ,

sin(θ1) = 1/2 implies that θ₁ is π/6 or 30 degrees.

⇒ θ1 + θ2  = π/2 

⇒ (π/6) + θ₂ = π/2 

⇒ θ₂ = π/2 - π/6  = π/3 

∴ θ₂ is equal to π/3 radians.

Given:-

Principal (P) = ₹27,000

The rate (R) = 44/3% per annum,  

Time (T) =  8 months = (8/12)year

Formula used:- 

Simple Interest (SI) = (Principal  × Rate  ×Time) / 100

Calculation:-

SI = (27000 × 44 × 8)/ (3 × 12 ×100)  

⇒ SI = 60 × 44 = 2640 Rs.  

∴ The required answer is 2640.

Given:- 

80.40 ÷ 20 - (-4.02) + 2.06 = _________.

Concept used:-

Calculation:- 

80.40 ÷ 20  + 4.02 + 2.06

[-(-4.02) = 4.02 (double negative becomes positive)] 

⇒ 4.02 + 4.02 +2.06 = 10.1 

∴ The required answer is 10.1.

Given:-

3 cot A = 7/3

Formula used:-

cot A = cos A/sin A

Calculation:- 

(3 cosA + 2sinA)/(3 cosA - 2sinA)

Dividing upper and lower sides by sinA

⇒[ (3 cos A/sinA) + 2]/ [(3 cos A/sinA) - 2]  

⇒ [ (3 cot A + 2]/ (3 cot A - 2)]  

 ⇒[ (7/3) + 2]/[(7/3) - 2] 

⇒ 13/1 =13 

∴ The required answer is 13.

Shortcut Trick

Total Work = LCM(3, 5, 15) = 15 units.

Efficiencies: Man = 5, Woman = 3, Boy = 1.

Required Efficiency for 1/5 day = 15 ÷ (1/5) = 75 units/day.

Current Efficiency (1M + 1W) = 5 + 3 = 8 units/day.

Remaining Efficiency needed = 75 − 8 = 67 units/day.

Since each Boy has efficiency 1, number of Boys = 67.

∴ The correct answer is 67 boys.

Alternate Method

Given: 1 Man (M) in 3 days, 1 Woman (W) in 5 days, 1 Boy (B) in 15 days.

Formula Used: Total Work = Efficiency × Time

⇒ Let the number of boys be 'n'.

⇒ Total Efficiency required = Total Work ÷ Required Time

⇒ Total Efficiency = 15 ÷ (1/5) = 15 × 5 = 75 units/day.

⇒ Efficiency of (1 Man + 1 Woman + n Boys) = 75

⇒ (1 × 5) + (1 × 3) + (n × 1) = 75

⇒ 5 + 3 + n = 75

⇒ 8 + n = 75

⇒ n = 67

∴ The correct answer is 67 boys.

Additional Information

Work and Efficiency Relation

Efficiency is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete a work. If a person completes work in 'x' days, their 1-day efficiency is 1/x.

Pipes and Cisterns

Similar to Time & Work, but inlet pipes have positive efficiency and outlet pipes (leaks) have negative efficiency.

Man-Days Formula

M₁D₁H₁/W₁ = M₂D₂H₂/W₂, where M is number of workers, D is days, H is hours, and W is units of work.

Given:- 

1^st Discount = 25% of M.P

2^nd Discount = 12% of 1^st Discount

S.P = Rs. 792

Formula used:- 

Discount = Marked Price – Selling Price. And

Discount Percentage = (Discount/Marked price) x 100.

Calculation:-  

Let the marked price be x.

According to the question,

x × (88/100) × (75/100) = 792

⇒ x = (792 × 100 × 100)/(75 × 88)

⇒ x = 1200 

∴ The required answer is 1200.

Calculations:

5/6 = 0.8333

7/9 = 0.7778

11/12 = 0.9167

13/18 = 0.7222

⇒ The smallest decimal equivalent is for 13/18

∴ The smallest ratio among the given options is 13/18.

Alternate Method $\frac{5}{6}, \frac{7}{9}, \frac{11}{12}, \frac{13}{18}$

LCM of 6, 9, 12, and 18 = 36

Now the fraction becomes

5/6 = 30/36

7/9 = 28/36

11/12 = 33/36

13/18 = 26/36

Now, compare and find the smallest numerator

Smallest = 26/36 = 13/18

∴ The smallest ratio among the given options is 13/18.

Given:- 

A hemispherical bowl has a radius = 7cm 

The cost of painting it at the rate of Rs.40 per 20 cm²  

Formula used:-

Curved Surface Area of Hemisphere = 2πr²

Calculation:- 

Inside Surface Area = 2π(7 cm)² = 2 × 22/7 ×  49 = 308 cm²

Outside Surface Area = 2π(7 cm)² = 308 cm²

Total Surface Area = Inside Surface Area + Outside Surface Area

Total Surface Area = 616cm² 

The cost of painting this area at the given rate of Rs. 40 for 20 cm²

Cost = (Total Surface Area / 20 cm²)   × Rs. 40

Cost = (616 / 20) × 40 = 1232 Rs.     

∴The cost of painting both the inside and outside of the hemispherical Rs.1232.

Detailed solution:-  

Let's denote the work rates of A, B, and C as follows

A's work rate = 1/6 

B's work rate = 1/9 

C's work rate = 1/11

Total work = A's work  + B's work  + C's work

Total work = (1/6) + (1/9) + (1/11)

⇒ (33/198) + (22/198) + (18/198) = 73 / 198 

Time taken to complete the work together = 1 / Total work rate

Time taken = 1 / (73/198)

Time is taken = 198 / 73 = $2 \frac{52}{73}$

∴ It would take  $2 \frac{52}{73}$  days for A, B, and C to complete the work together.

Detailed solution:- 

Rini mixed 'C1' and 'C2' in the ratio 2:3. 

Let's assume that the cost per unit of 'C2' is Rs. ''. 

Cost of 2 units of 'C1' = 2 ×  Rs. 500 = Rs. 1000

Cost of 3 units of 'C2' = 3 × Rs. x = 3x

According to the question,

Rini is selling the mixture at the break-even price of Rs. 650 per unit. 

Total cost = Rs. 1000 + 3x ...... (1)

Total cost = (Selling price per unit ) × (Number of units sold Total cost)

⇒  Rs. 650 ×  5 ....(2)

(since the ratio is 2:3, so the total number of units is 2 + 3 = 5)

Now, we can set up the equation

⇒ 1000 + 3x =  650 ×  5 

⇒ 3x =  3250 - 1000

⇒ x =  2250 / 3 = Rs. 750

∴ The rate per unit of the second color, 'C2', is Rs. 750.

Shortcut Trick

Given:-  

The length of arc AB is equal to five times the radius r of the circle. 

Formula used:-

Area of sector = (θ/360) × πr² 

Length of arc = (θ/360) ×  2πr

Where,

θ is the central angle in degrees

r is the radius of the circle 

Calculation:- 

The length of arc AB is equal to five times the radius 

⇒ 5r = (θ/360) ×  2πr 

⇒ θ = (5r × 360) / (2πr)

θ = 900 /π degrees 

Area of sector = (900/(360× π )) × πr²

Area of sector = 2.5r²

∴The area of sector AOB is 2.5r².

Shortcut Trick

Difference in Selling Prices = 1,498 − 1,300 = ₹198.

Ratio of Gain to Loss = 125 : 100 = 5 : 4.

Value of 1 unit = 198 ÷ (5 + 4) = 198 ÷ 9 = ₹22.

Cost Price (CP) = 1,300 + (4 × 22) = 1,300 + 88 = ₹1,388.

New SP for 25% gain = 1,388 × 1.25 = ₹1,735.

∴ The correct answer is ₹1,735.

Alternate Method

Given: SP₁ = ₹1,498, SP₂ = ₹1,300, Gain = 1.25 × Loss.

Formula: CP = SP − Gain = SP + Loss

⇒ Let Loss = L

⇒ Gain = 1.25L

⇒ 1,498 − CP = 1.25L and CP − 1,300 = L

⇒ (1,498 − CP) ÷ (CP − 1,300) = 1.25 ÷ 1 = 5 ÷ 4

⇒ 4 × (1,498 − CP) = 5 × (CP − 1,300)

⇒ 5,992 − 4CP = 5CP − 6,500

⇒ 9CP = 12,492

⇒ CP = ₹1,388

⇒ New SP = 1,388 × (125/100) = 1,388 × (5/4)

⇒ New SP = 347 × 5 = ₹1,735

∴ The correct answer is ₹1,735.

Additional Information

Profit and Loss Basic Relations

Profit = SP − CP and Loss = CP − SP. CP is always considered as the 100% base for calculations.

Marked Price and Discount

Discount is always calculated on Marked Price (MP). SP = MP × (100 − Discount%)/100.

Successive Profit/Loss

If there are successive percentage changes a and b, the effective change is [a + b + (ab/100)]%.

The correct answer is "A problem difficult to solve."

Key Points

• The expression "hard nut to crack" is an idiomatic phrase in English that means a difficult problem or a person who is not easy to understand, convince, or deal with. (कोई कठिन समस्या या ऐसा व्यक्ति जिसे समझना, समझाना या निपटना आसान नहीं है)
• It is often used to describe a challenging or formidable situation that requires a significant effort or skill to overcome.
• Example: That math problem is a hard nut to crack.
• Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is "Fifty-one cakes have to be baked by Sanyukta for the anniversary party."

Key Points

• In the active voice sentence, the subject is "Sanyukta," the verb is "has to bake," and the object is "fifty-one cakes for the anniversary party."
• We must move the object to the beginning of the sentence and make it the new subject.
• We must add the original subject ("Sanyukta") at the end with the preposition "by" to indicate the doer of the action in the passive voice.
• Structure:
• Subject + has/have + to + V1 + Object (Active Voice)
• Object + has/have + to + be + V3 + by + Subject (Passive Voice)
• Example:
• Disha has to arrange things. (Active Voice)
• Things have to be arranged by Disha. (Passive Voice)
• We must use the past participle of the main verb ("bake") and add it to the new subject.
• Past participle of "bake": baked
• Passive verb phrase: have to be baked
• Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

Correct sentence: Fifty-one cakes have to be baked by Sanyukta for the anniversary party.

The correct answer is "Submisive."

Key Points  

• The incorrectly spelt word is "Submisive."
• The correct spelling is "Submissive."
• It means being ready to obey other people and do whatever they want. (आज्ञाकारी, नम्र, दब्‍बू)
• Example: He was looking for a quiet, submissive wife who would obey his every word.
• Therefore, the​ correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information

• Validity: the quality of being logically or factually sound; soundness or cogency. (विधिमान्‍यता, वैधता)
• Kaleidoscope: a tube or cylinder with mirrors and pieces of colored glass or other materials that create symmetrical patterns when viewed. (एक नली या सिलेंडर जिसके दोनों सिरों पर दर्पण होते हैं और बीच में रंगीन कांच या अन्य सामग्री के टुकड़े होते हैं। जब आप कैलिडोस्कोप से देखते हैं, तो दर्पण कांच या अन्य सामग्रियों के टुकड़ों को परावर्तित करते हैं, जिससे एक सममित पैटर्न बनता है।)
• Animation: the state of being full of energy and enthusiasm. (भरपूर जोश और उत्‍साह)

The correct answer is "wreaths."

Key Points

• The word "wreaths" means a circle of flowers and leaves, especially one that you give to the family of somebody who has died. ((फूलों और पत्तियों का) पुष्‍पचक्र, मालाचक्र (विशेषतः शव पर चढ़ाई या अर्पित की गई))
• Example: The bride wore a veil with wreaths of silk flowers.
• So, a circular arrangement of flowers is called "wreaths."
• Therefore, the​ correct answer is Option 4.

Additional Information 

• Buds: a compact growth on a plant that develops into a leaf, flower, or shoot. (किसी पौधे पर एक सघन वृद्धि जो पत्ती, फूल या अंकुर के रूप में विकसित होती है)
• Posies: a small bunch of flowers. (फूलों का एक छोटा सा गुच्छा)
• Bouquets: a bunch of flowers that is arranged in an attractive way. (आकर्षक रूप से व्यवस्थित फूलों का गुच्छा; गुलदस्‍ता, पुष्‍पगुच्‍छ)

The correct answer is "Sporadic."

Key Points

• The word "incessant" means never stopping (and usually annoying). (अविराम, निरंतर (और प्रायः खीज पैदा करने वाला))
• Example: The region endured weeks of incessant rain.
• The antonym of "incessant" is "sporadic."
• The word "sporadic" means not done or happening regularly. (अनियमित (रूप से किया गया या होने वाला))
• Example: More than 100 people have been killed this year in sporadic outbursts of ethnic violence.
• Therefore, the​ correct answer is Option 3.

Additional Information  

• Insistent: saying strongly that you must have or do something, or that somebody else must do something. (हठी, आग्रही, आग्रहशील)
• Daily: done, made or happening every day. (प्रतिदिन, प्रतिदिन का, दैनिक)
• Continual: happening again and again. (बारंबार होने वाला, लगातार, निंरतर)

The correct answer is "Lexicography."

Key Points 

• The word "Lexicography" means the theory or practice of writing dictionaries. (शब्दकोश लेखन का सिद्धांत या पेशा; कोश-निर्माण प्रक्रिया, कोश-निर्माण कला, कोशकारिता)
• Example: The early nineteenth century saw a dramatic rise in the lexicography of music analysis.
• So, the practice of writing dictionaries is called "Lexicography."
• Therefore, the​ correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information  

• Anthropology: the study of human beings, especially of their origin, development, customs and beliefs. (मानव की उत्‍पत्ति, उसके विकास, प्रथाओं और विश्‍वासों का वैज्ञानिक अध्ययन; मानव-विज्ञान)
• Photography: the skill or process of taking photographs. (फ़ोटो लेने की कला या प्रक्रिया; फ़ोटोग्राफ़ी, छायाचित्रकारी)
• Philology: the branch of knowledge that deals with the structure, historical development, and relationships of a language or languages. (ज्ञान की वह शाखा जो किसी भाषा या भाषाओं की संरचना, ऐतिहासिक विकास और संबंधों से संबंधित है)

The correct answer is "Significant."

 Key Points  

• The word "Trivial" means of little importance; not worth considering. (महत्वहीन, मामूली; नगण्य, तुच्‍छ)
• Example: I don't know why he gets so upset about something so trivial.
• The antonym of "Trivial" is "Significant."
• The word "Significant" means important or large enough to be noticed. (महत्वपूर्ण, काफ़ी बड़ा (इतना कि दिख जाए))
• Example: Police said that the time of the murder was extremely significant.
• Therefore, the​ correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information   

• Huge: very big. (बहुत बड़ा, विशाल)
• Heavy: weighing a lot; difficult to lift or move. (भारी; जिसे उठाना या हिलाना मुश्किल हो)
• Light: not of great weight. (हल्का (अधिक भारी नहीं))

The correct answer is "assent."

Key Points

• The word "object" means to not like or to be against somebody/something. (किसी व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु को नापसंद करना, उसके विरुद्घ होना)
• Example: Many people object to the new tax.
• The antonym of "object" is "assent."
• The word "assent" means express approval or agreement. (अधिकारिक स्‍वीकृति देना)
• Example: Nobody would assent to the terms he proposed.
• Therefore, the​ correct answer is Option 1.

Additional Information    

• Ease: to become or make something less painful or serious. (राहत महसूस करना या पहुँचाना)
• Restore: to put somebody/something back into his/her/its former condition or position. (व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु को उसकी पूर्व दशा या स्थिति में लाना)
• Ascertain: to find out or learn with certainty. (निश्चितता के साथ पता लगाना या सीखना)