SBI PO Prelims Memory Based Paper (Held On: 5 August 2025 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is 'Retain.'

Key Points

• The first sentence talks about the cup warmer allowing the beverage to keep its temperature.
• The use of the word ''temperature'' in the first sentence indicates the use of the word 'retain' in the blank.
• The second sentence talks about a sister who is a shopping addict and thus finds it hard to preserve money.
• The use of the word ''money'' in the second sentence indicates the use of the word 'retain' in the blank.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is, 'Retain'.
• The word 'Retain' means To keep or continue to have something; not to lose. (किसी वस्‍तु को रखना या बनाए रखना या रखे रहना; न गँवाना)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Sentence 1: The cup warmer will allow your beverage to retain its temperature for at least an hour.

Sentence 2: Because my sister is a shopping addict, she finds it hard to retain money.

Additional Information

• Let us explore  the other options:
• Agony means Great pain or suffering. (तीव्र वेदना, तेज़ पीड़ा, व्‍यथा, कष्‍ट)
• Feud means An angry and serious argument between two people or groups that continues over a long period of time. (दो व्‍यक्तियों या व्‍यक्ति-समूहों के बीच लंबे समय तक चलने वाला झगड़ा; पुश्‍तैनी रंजिश)
• Strive means To try very hard to do or get something. (कुछ करने या पाने के लिए कठोर परिश्रम करना)
• Affliction means A cause of pain or harm. (दुख, वेदना, मनस्‍ताप)

The correct answer is 'Reluctance.'

Key Points

• The first sentence talks about Rahul who agreed to take out the trash but his unwillingness to do so was obvious.
• The use of the word ''delayed'' in the first sentence indicates the use of the word 'reluctance' in the blank.
• The second sentence talks about a volunteer who was unwilling to go on stage.
• The use of the word ''willing'' in the second sentence indicates the use of the word 'reluctance' in the blank.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is, 'Reluctance'.
• The word 'Reluctance' means Unwillingness or disinclination to do something. (कार्य-विशेष के प्रति अनिच्‍छा या हिचक)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Sentence 1: While Ben agreed to take out the trash, his reluctance to do so was obvious by how long he delayed actually doing it.

Sentence 2: I wouldn’t say that the man was a willing volunteer since his reluctance to go on stage was written all over his face.

Additional Information

• Let us explore  the other options:
• Tedious means Boring and lasting for a long time. (उबाऊ और समय की दृष्टि से लंबा)
• Lively means Full of energy, interest, excitement, etc. (चुस्‍ती, रुचि, रोमांच आदि से भरपूर; जानदार, ज़िंदादिल)
• Staggered means Very surprised. (बहुत हैरान, अचंभित)
• Procure means To obtain something, especially with care or effort. (कुछ प्राप्‍त करना विशेषतः प्रयास या कठिनाई से)

The correct answer is 'Persistent.'

Key Points

• The first sentence talks about rescheduling the picnic because of the kind of rainstorms.
• The use of the word ''rainstorms'' in the first sentence indicates the use of the word 'persistent' in the blank.
• The second sentence talks about a wife who is a kind of complainer who has a negative opinion about everything.
• The use of the word ''complainer'' in the second sentence indicates the use of the word 'persistent' in the blank.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is, 'Persistent'.
• The word 'Persistent' means Not stopping; continuous. (लंबे समय तक रहने वाला या बार-बार होने वाला; किसी काम को करते रहने के लिए कृत संकल्‍प)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

Sentence 1: We keep rescheduling our picnic because of the persistent rainstorms.

Sentence 2: According to Bipin, his wife is a persistent complainer who has a negative opinion about everything.

Additional Information

• Let us explore  the other options:
• Advance means To move forward. (आगे बढ़ना)
• Wary means Careful because you are uncertain or afraid of somebody or something. (किसी व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु के प्रति अनिश्‍चय या भय के कारण सावधान रहना)
• Inquisitive means Having or showing an interest in learning things; curious. (चीजों को सीखने में रुचि होना या दिखाना; जिज्ञासु)
• Cautious means Taking great care to avoid possible danger or problems. (सावधान, सतर्क, चौकस)

The correct answer is 'Prevail.'

Key Points

• The first sentence talks about hoping for justice so that the killer will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law.
• The use of the word ''justice'' in the first sentence indicates the use of the word 'prevail' in the blank.
• The second sentence talks about using logical minds so that a war should not break down between two gangs.
• The use of the phrase ''logical minds'' in the second sentence indicates the use of the word 'prevail' in the blank.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to be filled in the blank is, 'Prevail'.
• The word 'Prevail' means To win or be accepted, especially after a fight or discussion. (किसी की विजय होना या किसी को मान लिया जाना विशेषतः संघर्ष या विचार-विमर्श में)
  

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Sentence 1: Let us hope justice will prevail so the killer will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law.

Sentence 2: If logical minds do not prevail, a major war will break out between the two largest gangs in the city.

Additional Information

• Let us explore  the other options:
• Proliferation means A rapid increase in the number or amount of something. (संख्‍या में तेज़ी से बढ़ोतरी)
• Favoritism means Giving unfair advantages to the person or people that you like best. (अपने पसंदीदा व्यक्ति को अनुचित लाभ देना,पक्षपात, तरफ़दारी)
• Declined means To refuse, usually politely. (नम्रता से अस्‍वीकार करना)
• Travail means A difficult or unpleasant experience or situation that involves a lot of effort, difficulty, and suffering. (कठोर या अप्रिय अनुभव जिसमें परिश्रम, प्रयास, पीड़ा शामिल है; कष्ट, घोर श्रम)

The correct answer is 'A' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• Replace Live on with Live by.
• Live on - subsist on a particular type of food. 
• Example- He lives entirely on vegetables these days.
• Live by - to agree with and follow (something, such as a set of beliefs), to survive by (doing something)
• Example- He tried to live by his faith.
• They were ancient people who lived by hunting and gathering.
• Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.
  

The correct sentence is: Dogs live by their nose, so smell is very important.

The correct answer is 'D' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• Replace Isn't with Doesn't in part D.
• When the verb in the main sentence is in the present simple we form the question tag with do/does.
• We shouldn't use any name in the question tag, use pronouns in place of that.
  

Ex: You play the guitar, don't you?

​      Sania likes tennis, doesn't she?

• Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.
  

Thus the correct sentence is: Your sister lives in Spain, doesn't she?

Additional Information 

• Question tags are short questions at the end of statements.
• They are mainly used in speech when we want to: confirm that something is true or not, or to encourage a reply from the person we are speaking to.
• Question tags are formed with the auxiliary or modal verb from the statement and the appropriate subject.
• A positive statement is followed by a negative question tag.
• Jack is from Spain, isn't he?
• Mary can speak English, can't she?
• A negative statement is followed by a positive question tag.
• They aren't funny, are they?
• He shouldn't say things like that, should he?

The correct answer is 'A' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• Replace will be with has been.
• The keyword 'since' indicates the subordinate clause in the perfect continuous tense.
• The sentence structure of the Present Perfect Continuous tense is Subject + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + Verb-ING. And this structure is what suits the given sentence.
• So, option 1 is the correct answer.
  

​

The correct sentence is: He has been in a grumpy mood since he got up

The correct answer is 'D' i.e. this part of the sentence has an error.

Key Points

• Replace among with between in part D.
• Between is typically used when referring to two things, like "between a rock and a hard place," while among is used for a greater number.
• Ex: Put your head down between your knees.
• The bees were buzzing among the flowers.
• Here, we are talking about two rocks, therefore between is the correct preposition to be used here.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 4.
  

The correct sentence is: The opening to the cave was only a narrow hole between two rocks.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• The paragraph explores the integration of artificial intelligence into workplace writing and the ongoing debate surrounding its usage.
• Sentence F is the first sentence as it broadly introduces the core topic—AI writing tools entering workplaces:
• "AI writing models have entered workplace routines everywhere."
• Sentence B is fixed as the 2nd sentence, expanding on how these models function and impact expectations:
• "Their ability to text in seconds has raised productivity targets."
• Sentence C is the third sentence, providing a concrete real-world example of this daily reliance:
• "Today, workers regularly rely on algorithms to write emails and reports."
• Sentence A is the fourth sentence, introducing the critical perspective against AI usage:
• "Critics argue that AI makes human writing lazy and repetitive."
• Sentence D is the fifth sentence, presenting the opposing view defending AI tools:
• "Supporters counter that AI frees people from tedious drafting work."
• Sentence E is the sixth sentence, concluding the discussion by summarizing the broader impact of this debate:
• "This ongoing debate forces us to rethink what real authorship means."
• The correct sequence is F - B - C - A - D - E, making F the FIRST sentence.

 

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"AI writing models have entered workplace routines everywhere. Their ability to text in seconds has raised productivity targets. Today, workers regularly rely on algorithms to write emails and reports. Critics argue that AI makes human writing lazy and repetitive. Supporters counter that AI frees people from tedious drafting work. This ongoing debate forces us to rethink what real authorship means."

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The paragraph explores the integration of artificial intelligence into workplace writing and the ongoing debate surrounding its usage.
• Sentence F is the first sentence as it introduces the broad subject of AI tools in professional settings:
• "AI writing models have entered workplace routines everywhere."
• Sentence B is fixed as the 2nd sentence, elaborating on how these models operate and shift productivity demands:
• "Their ability to text in seconds has raised productivity targets."
• Sentence C is the third sentence, highlighting the specific routine tasks workers delegate to these tools:
• "Today, workers regularly rely on algorithms to write emails and reports."
• Sentence A is the fourth sentence, opening the critical side of the debate:
• "Critics argue that AI makes human writing lazy and repetitive."
• Sentence D is the fifth sentence, presenting the contrasting view held by advocates:
• "Supporters counter that AI frees people from tedious drafting work."
• Sentence E is the sixth sentence, concluding with the broader philosophical question raised by this dialogue:
• "This ongoing debate forces us to rethink what real authorship means."
• The correct sequence is F - B - C - A - D - E, making C the THIRD sentence.

 

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"AI writing models have entered workplace routines everywhere. Their ability to text in seconds has raised productivity targets. Today, workers regularly rely on algorithms to write emails and reports. Critics argue that AI makes human writing lazy and repetitive. Supporters counter that AI frees people from tedious drafting work. This ongoing debate forces us to rethink what real authorship means."

The correct answer is Option 1.

 

Key Points

• The paragraph explores the integration of artificial intelligence into workplace writing and the ongoing debate surrounding its usage.
• Sentence F is the first sentence as it introduces the broad topic of AI writing tools in modern professional life:
• "AI writing models have entered workplace routines everywhere."
• Sentence B is fixed as the 2nd sentence, explaining how these models shift expectations and productivity standards:
• "Their ability to text in seconds has raised productivity targets."
• Sentence C is the third sentence, illustrating how employees utilize these tools for daily tasks:
• "Today, workers regularly rely on algorithms to write emails and reports."
• Sentence A is the fourth sentence, introducing the primary criticism against using AI for writing:
• "Critics argue that AI makes human writing lazy and repetitive."
• Sentence D is the fifth sentence, presenting the opposing counter-argument in defense of AI:
• "Supporters counter that AI frees people from tedious drafting work."
• Sentence E is the sixth sentence, concluding the discussion by reflecting on the broader debate:
• "This ongoing debate forces us to rethink what real authorship means."
• The correct sequence is F - B - C - A - D - E, making A the FOURTH sentence.

 

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"AI writing models have entered workplace routines everywhere. Their ability to text in seconds has raised productivity targets. Today, workers regularly rely on algorithms to write emails and reports. Critics argue that AI makes human writing lazy and repetitive. Supporters counter that AI frees people from tedious drafting work. This ongoing debate forces us to rethink what real authorship means."

The correct answer is Option 4.

 

Key Points

• The paragraph explores the integration of artificial intelligence into workplace writing and the ongoing debate surrounding its usage.
• Sentence F is the first sentence as it introduces the broad topic of AI writing tools in modern professional life:
• "AI writing models have entered workplace routines everywhere."
• Sentence B is fixed as the 2nd sentence, explaining how these models shift expectations and productivity standards:
• "Their ability to text in seconds has raised productivity targets."
• Sentence C is the third sentence, illustrating how employees utilize these tools for daily tasks:
• "Today, workers regularly rely on algorithms to write emails and reports."
• Sentence A is the fourth sentence, introducing the primary criticism against using AI for writing:
• "Critics argue that AI makes human writing lazy and repetitive."
• Sentence D is the fifth sentence, presenting the opposing counter-argument in defense of AI:
• "Supporters counter that AI frees people from tedious drafting work."
• Sentence E is the sixth sentence, concluding the discussion by reflecting on the broader debate:
• "This ongoing debate forces us to rethink what real authorship means."
• The correct sequence is F - B - C - A - D - E, making D the FIFTH sentence.

 

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"AI writing models have entered workplace routines everywhere. Their ability to text in seconds has raised productivity targets. Today, workers regularly rely on algorithms to write emails and reports. Critics argue that AI makes human writing lazy and repetitive. Supporters counter that AI frees people from tedious drafting work. This ongoing debate forces us to rethink what real authorship means."

The correct answer is Option 5.

 

Key Points

• The paragraph explores the integration of artificial intelligence into workplace writing and the ongoing debate surrounding its usage.
• Sentence F is the first sentence as it introduces the broad topic of AI writing tools in modern professional life:
• "AI writing models have entered workplace routines everywhere."
• Sentence B is fixed as the 2nd sentence, explaining how these models shift expectations and productivity standards:
• "Their ability to text in seconds has raised productivity targets."
• Sentence C is the third sentence, illustrating how employees utilize these tools for daily tasks:
• "Today, workers regularly rely on algorithms to write emails and reports."
• Sentence A is the fourth sentence, introducing the primary criticism against using AI for writing:
• "Critics argue that AI makes human writing lazy and repetitive."
• Sentence D is the fifth sentence, presenting the opposing counter-argument in defense of AI:
• "Supporters counter that AI frees people from tedious drafting work."
• Sentence E is the sixth sentence, concluding the discussion by reflecting on the broader debate:
• "This ongoing debate forces us to rethink what real authorship means."
• The correct sequence is F - B - C - A - D - E, making E the SIXTH (LAST) sentence.

 

Coherent paragraph after rearrangement:

"AI writing models have entered workplace routines everywhere. Their ability to text in seconds has raised productivity targets. Today, workers regularly rely on algorithms to write emails and reports. Critics argue that AI makes human writing lazy and repetitive. Supporters counter that AI frees people from tedious drafting work. This ongoing debate forces us to rethink what real authorship means."

The correct answer is "has widened".

Key Points

• The correct phrase to replace "has widen" is "has widened."
• In the given sentence, "disparity between the standard of living" is the singular subject.
• So, the singular form of the verb should be used, Now, "has" is followed by the past participle.
• Hence, the correct phrase to be substituted is "has widened".

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Correct Sentence: "The disparity between the standard of living of the poor and the rich has widened in the last few years."

Additional Information

• Use of "few", "a few" and "the few":
• Few: Hardly any
• a few: some but not many (it has a positive meaning)
• the few: all that is available.

The correct answer is "Option 3".

Key Points

• The correct phrase to be substituted in the above sentence is "remove him from".
• We use the base form of the verb "remove" after the preposition "to" in the above sentence instead of "removing".
• Now, the objective case of "he" i.e. "him" should be used, and lastly "remove" takes the preposition "from".
• Hence, "remove him from" is the correct phrase to be substituted.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Correct Sentence: "As the police officer was too personally involved, the higher authorities including some government officials decided to remove him from the case."

Additional Information

• When an action follows another action in English, it's common to use the infinitive verb form (to + base form of the verb) to indicate purpose or intention.
• Example: She agreed to help with the project.
• In this sentence, "agreed" is the main verb, and "to help" is the infinitive verb form that follows "agreed."

The correct answer is "Option 3".

Key Points

• The correct preposition to replace 'against' would be 'in'.
• Here, the preposition 'in' refers to being involved or connected with a particular subject or activity.
• Against refers to disagreeing with a plan or activity.
• Example: She spoke against the decision to close the college.
• Hence, the correct phrase which should be substituted is "in".

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Correct Sentence: "In a bilateral meeting, Russia and India signed three Memorandum of Understanding to boost cooperation in various vital sectors, including energy, trade, and arms."

Additional Information Let's look at where the other prepositions are used:

• “From” is a preposition that indicates the origin, source, or starting point.
• “Upon” is a more formal or synonym for “on” or “when.”
• “Beside” is a preposition that means “next to” or “by the side of.”

The correct answer is Option 3.

 

Key Points

• The original sentence is attempting to list the activities that the cat enjoys in its free time using the structure of parallelism.
• Parallelism means balancing two or more ideas or arguments that are equally important by presenting them in the same grammatical structure.
• In the original sentence, the phrases "lounging on the couch" and "chasing after mice" are in the -ing form (present participle), which indicates ongoing activities.
• To maintain consistency and correct the sentence, "play in the garden" should also be in the -ing form, making it "playing in the garden."

Therefore, the correct answer is playing in the garden.

 

Additional Information

• will play in the garden: This option creates a future tense, which does not fit with the other list items that describe current, ongoing activities.
• to play in the garden: This option introduces an infinitive form, breaking the parallel structure of the list which is based on present participles (-ing form).
• plays in the garden: While this option uses the present tense, it does not match the ongoing action portrayed by the other activities in the list which are described using present participles.

The correct answer is 'vexing'.

 

Key Points

• The passage explains that cosmic inflation was introduced to solve major puzzling problems or paradoxes in Big Bang cosmology (such as the horizon and flatness problems).
• The context calls for an adjective that describes difficult, problematic, or troubling paradoxes that required a breakthrough theory to resolve.
• "Vexing" means causing annoyance, frustration, or worry, which accurately describes complex scientific paradoxes.
• Other options ("trivial", "rudimentary", "transparent", "negligible") suggest things that are minor, basic, clear, or unimportant, which contradicts the major cosmological paradoxes mentioned.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 

Complete Passage: The concept of cosmic inflation was proposed to resolve several (A) vexing paradoxes in Big Bang cosmology. During this ultra-rapid expansion phase in the early universe, tiny quantum fluctuations were stretched to macro-scales, laying the seeds for cosmic structure. Without this rapid expansion, the observed uniformity of the cosmic microwave background radiation would be fundamentally (B) ________. Astrophysicists rely on precise telemetry from space observatories to (C) ________ theoretical models against empirical data. When observational anomalies arise, scientists are forced to (D) ________ long-standing assumptions about the early universe. This constant interplay between mathematical theory and empirical discovery continues to (E) ________ our understanding of origin events. Ultimately, confirming the exact mechanism of inflation remains one of the most (F) ________ goals in modern astrophysics.

 

Additional Information

• Trivial (नगण्य / तुच्छ): "Trivial" means of little value or importance.
• Rudimentary (मौलिक / प्राथमिक): "Rudimentary" means involving or limited to basic principles.
• Transparent (पारदर्शी / स्पष्ट): "Transparent" means easy to perceive or understand.
• Negligible (तुच्छ / नगण्य): "Negligible" means so small or unimportant as to be not worth considering.

The correct answer is 'inexplicable'.

 

Key Points

• The passage explains that cosmic inflation is required to account for the uniform temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation across vastly separated regions of space.
• The sentence states that "Without this rapid expansion," the observed uniformity would lack a logical explanation or scientific basis.
• "Inexplicable" means unable to be explained or accounted for, which fits the context of a phenomenon that cannot be explained without inflation theory.
• Other options ("coherent", "intuitive", "self-evident", "predictable") suggest clarity, logical order, or ease of understanding, which directly contradict the premise of a cosmological puzzle.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

 

Complete Passage: The concept of cosmic inflation was proposed to resolve several (A) vexing paradoxes in Big Bang cosmology. During this ultra-rapid expansion phase in the early universe, tiny quantum fluctuations were stretched to macro-scales, laying the seeds for cosmic structure. Without this rapid expansion, the observed uniformity of the cosmic microwave background radiation would be fundamentally (B) inexplicable . Astrophysicists rely on precise telemetry from space observatories to (C) ________ theoretical models against empirical data. When observational anomalies arise, scientists are forced to (D) ________ long-standing assumptions about the early universe. This constant interplay between mathematical theory and empirical discovery continues to (E) ________ our understanding of origin events. Ultimately, confirming the exact mechanism of inflation remains one of the most (F) ________ goals in modern astrophysics.

 

Additional Information

• Coherent (सुसंगत / स्पष्ट): "Coherent" means logical and consistent.
• Intuitive (सहज ज्ञान युक्त): "Intuitive" means using or based on what one feels to be true without conscious reasoning.
• Self-evident (प्रत्यक्ष / स्वतः स्पष्ट): "Self-evident" means clear or obvious without needing proof or explanation.
• Predictable (पूर्वानुमेय): "Predictable" means able to be predicted or expected beforehand.

The correct answer is 'calibrate'.

 

Key Points

• The passage describes how astrophysicists use real-world measurements (empirical data) gathered by space observatories to assess and refine their theoretical models.
• The context requires a verb that means to measure, adjust, or evaluate something against a standard.
• "Calibrate" means to carefully assess, set, or adjust something by comparing it with a standard, which perfectly fits the scientific process of testing models against empirical data.
• Other options ("fabricate", "disregard", "obfuscate", "dismantle") suggest inventing falsely, ignoring, confusing, or destroying, which contradict the constructive scientific method described.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

 

Complete Passage: The concept of cosmic inflation was proposed to resolve several (A) vexing paradoxes in Big Bang cosmology. During this ultra-rapid expansion phase in the early universe, tiny quantum fluctuations were stretched to macro-scales, laying the seeds for cosmic structure. Without this rapid expansion, the observed uniformity of the cosmic microwave background radiation would be fundamentally (B) inexplicable. Astrophysicists rely on precise telemetry from space observatories to (C) calibrate theoretical models against empirical data. When observational anomalies arise, scientists are forced to (D) ________ long-standing assumptions about the early universe. This constant interplay between mathematical theory and empirical discovery continues to (E) ________ our understanding of origin events. Ultimately, confirming the exact mechanism of inflation remains one of the most (F) ________ goals in modern astrophysics.

 

Additional Information

• Fabricate (गढ़ना / निर्माण करना): "Fabricate" means to invent or concoct something, typically with deceitful intent.
• Disregard (उपेक्षा करना): "Disregard" means to pay no attention to or ignore.
• Obfuscate (अस्पष्ट करना): "Obfuscate" means to render obscure, unclear, or unintelligible.
• Dismantle (विघटित करना / नष्ट करना): "Dismantle" means to take a machine or structure to pieces.

The correct answer is 'scrutinize'.

 

Key Points

• The passage notes that when observational anomalies (unexpected results) appear, scientists must re-evaluate their existing core theories.
• The context demands a verb meaning to critically examine or inspect long-standing assumptions in light of new data.
• "Scrutinize" means to examine or inspect closely and thoroughly, fitting the scientific process of questioning prior beliefs when anomalies arise.
• Other options ("reify", "entrench", "canonize", "ratify") signify making concrete, solidifying, formally sanctioning, or confirming assumptions, which is the exact opposite of what scientists do when anomalies arise.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Complete Passage: The concept of cosmic inflation was proposed to resolve several (A) vexing paradoxes in Big Bang cosmology. During this ultra-rapid expansion phase in the early universe, tiny quantum fluctuations were stretched to macro-scales, laying the seeds for cosmic structure. Without this rapid expansion, the observed uniformity of the cosmic microwave background radiation would be fundamentally (B) inexplicable. Astrophysicists rely on precise telemetry from space observatories to (C) calibrate theoretical models against empirical data. When observational anomalies arise, scientists are forced to (D) scrutinize long-standing assumptions about the early universe. This constant interplay between mathematical theory and empirical discovery continues to (E) ________ our understanding of origin events. Ultimately, confirming the exact mechanism of inflation remains one of the most (F) ________ goals in modern astrophysics.

 

Additional Information

• Reify (ठोस रूप देना): "Reify" means to make something abstract more concrete or real.
• Entrench (पक्का करना / स्थापित करना): "Entrench" means to establish an attitude, habit, or belief so firmly that change is difficult.
• Canonize (प्रतिष्ठित करना / नियम मानना): "Canonize" means to regard or treat as sacred or authoritative.
• Ratify (पुष्टि करना / मंज़ूरी देना): "Ratify" means to sign or give formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement, making it officially valid.

The correct answer is 'refine'.

 

Key Points

• The passage emphasizes the productive process of scientific discovery through the interaction of mathematical theory and observational evidence.
• The context calls for a verb that describes improving, polishing, or making more precise our knowledge of universe origin events.
• "Refine" means to improve or clarify something by making small changes, which accurately reflects how scientific understanding develops over time.
• Other options ("impede", "ossify", "distort", "curtail") signify hindering, rigidifying, twisting, or cutting short, which contradict the progressive nature of theoretical refinement.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

 

Complete Passage: The concept of cosmic inflation was proposed to resolve several (A) vexing paradoxes in Big Bang cosmology. During this ultra-rapid expansion phase in the early universe, tiny quantum fluctuations were stretched to macro-scales, laying the seeds for cosmic structure. Without this rapid expansion, the observed uniformity of the cosmic microwave background radiation would be fundamentally (B) inexplicable. Astrophysicists rely on precise telemetry from space observatories to (C) calibrate theoretical models against empirical data. When observational anomalies arise, scientists are forced to (D) scrutinize long-standing assumptions about the early universe. This constant interplay between mathematical theory and empirical discovery continues to (E) refine our understanding of origin events. Ultimately, confirming the exact mechanism of inflation remains one of the most (F) ________ goals in modern astrophysics.

 

Additional Information

• Impede (बाधा डालना): "Impede" means to delay or prevent someone or something by obstructing them.
• Ossify (कठोर बनना / जड़ होना): "Ossify" means to cease developing and become rigid or fixed.
• Distort (विकृत करना / बिगाड़ना): "Distort" means to pull or twist out of shape, or give a misleading account of.
• Curtail (कटौती करना / घटाना): "Curtail" means to reduce in extent or quantity; impose a restriction on.

The correct answer is 'elusive'.

 

Key Points

• The passage concludes by highlighting the ongoing challenge in astrophysics to definitively prove or confirm the exact underlying mechanism of inflation.
• The context calls for an adjective that describes a goal that is difficult to capture, pin down, or achieve despite extensive efforts.
• "Elusive" means difficult to find, catch, or achieve, which perfectly describes one of the most sought-after yet difficult-to-confirm goals in modern science.
• Other options ("redundant", "peripheral", "pedestrian", "accessible") imply unimportance, secondary priority, ordinary nature, or ease of reach, which contradict the status of a major scientific milestone.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 

Complete Passage: The concept of cosmic inflation was proposed to resolve several (A) vexing paradoxes in Big Bang cosmology. During this ultra-rapid expansion phase in the early universe, tiny quantum fluctuations were stretched to macro-scales, laying the seeds for cosmic structure. Without this rapid expansion, the observed uniformity of the cosmic microwave background radiation would be fundamentally (B) inexplicable. Astrophysicists rely on precise telemetry from space observatories to (C) calibrate theoretical models against empirical data. When observational anomalies arise, scientists are forced to (D) scrutinize long-standing assumptions about the early universe. This constant interplay between mathematical theory and empirical discovery continues to (E) refine our understanding of origin events. Ultimately, confirming the exact mechanism of inflation remains one of the most (F) elusive goals in modern astrophysics.

 

Additional Information

• Redundant (अनावश्य / फालतू): "Redundant" means no longer needed or useful; superfluous.
• Peripheral (गौण / अमान्य): "Peripheral" means relating to or situated on the edge or margin; secondary in importance.
• Pedestrian (साधारण / नीरस): "Pedestrian" means lacking inspiration or excitement; dull or ordinary.
• Accessible (सुलभ / पहुंच योग्य): "Accessible" means easily reached, entered, or obtained.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

• Out of the given segments -
• Part B is the opening segment because it doesn't connect with any other given segments and thus, it is the introductory segment.
• Part C is the second segment because it is in continuation with part B and it talks about Samsung being a pioneer in microLED technology.
• Part E is the third segment because it is in continuation with part C and it talks about Samsung explaining microLED technology in a video.
• Part A and Part D are the fourth and fifth segments respectively because they are in continuation with part E and they talk about Samsung describing microLED as small as cutting a centimeter of hair into 200 smaller pieces.
• Hence, the correct sequence is BCEAD.

 

The complete sentence after rearrangement would be - Samsung, the pioneer in microLED technology explained in a video that a microLED is as small as cutting a centimetre of hair into 200 smaller pieces.

Hint

• As + adjective + as (conjunction) is used to compare things that are similar in proportion.
• For Example -
• She is as tall as her brother.

The correct answer is option 5.

Key Points

• Out of the given segments -
• Part B is the opening segment because it doesn't connect with any other given segments and thus, it is the introductory segment.
• Part E and Part D are the second and third segments respectively because they are in continuation with part B and they talk about the world being our stage and we are witnessing the constant interplay of roles and characters.
• Part A is the fourth segment because it is in continuation with part D and it talks about the world being a stage we are witnessing scripts metamorphosing and merging.
• Part C is the fifth segment because it is in continuation with part A and it talks about us witnessing scripts metamorphose and merge according to the context and situations.
• **Hence, the correct sequence is BEDAC.**​

​

The complete sentence after rearrangement would be - The world is our stage and we are witnessing the constant interplay of roles, characters and scripts that metamorphose and merge according to contexts and situations.

Hint

• How to solve sentence jumble?
• Firstly, look for the segment which is independent and doesn't connect with any other segments or the option with has the subject matter. This will be the opening segment of the sentence.
• Then, you need to look for connections between the given segments
• If there is a segment that is concluding the idea given in other segments that will be the ending segment.

The correct answer is 3) CABDE.

Key Points

• Segment C establishes the subject matter, i.e., 'regular exercise'. Hence, it will be the first part after rearrangement.
• Part A mentions that regular exercise promotes something, which follows C.
• Part B refers to mental and physical health, which connects to the promotion mentioned in A.
• Part D talks about contributing to something, which follows B.
• Part E concludes the sentence by stating that regular exercise contributes to overall well-being.
• Part B concludes the sentence by stating that regular exercise promotes mental and physical health.

Correct rearrangement of segments is: Regular exercise promotes mental and physical health and contributes to overall well-being.

The correct answer is: Option 3 (B-C).

Key Points

• The word "maximize" means to increase something as much as possible. (अधिकतम करना)
• Example: The company aims to maximize profits through efficient production methods.
• "Minimize" means to reduce something to the smallest possible amount. (न्यूनतम करना)
• Example: The new policy helps minimize waste in manufacturing.
• Correct interchange: Swap B (maximize) and C (minimize). The sentence becomes: The ambitious architect sought to integrate locally sourced sustainable materials into the new blueprint, aiming to minimize the structure's overall carbon footprint, maximize natural sunlight exposure within the main lobby, and elevate the building's modern aesthetic appeal. ✔ Grammatically correct and meaningful.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 3 (B-C).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 1 (A-C and B-D): Swapping "integrate" with "minimize" and "maximize" with "elevate" would distort meaning — "minimize locally sourced materials" and "maximize aesthetic appeal" are illogical. (एकीकृत करना / न्यूनतम करना / अधिकतम करना / ऊँचा उठाना)
• Option 2 (C-D): Swapping "minimize" and "elevate" would result in "minimize aesthetic appeal," which is incorrect. (न्यूनतम करना / ऊँचा उठाना)
• Option 4 (A-B): Swapping "integrate" and "maximize" would lead to "maximize locally sourced materials," which is awkward and grammatically wrong. (एकीकृत करना / अधिकतम करना)
• Option 5 (No interchange required): The original sentence is grammatically incorrect and illogical, so this option is invalid. (कोई बदलाव आवश्यक नहीं)

The correct answer is: Option 5 (No interchange required).

Key Points

• "Lucid" means clear, easy to understand, and well-explained. (स्पष्ट)
• Example: The teacher gave a lucid explanation of the formula.
• "Complex" refers to something complicated or difficult to understand. (जटिल)
• Example: Quantum mechanics is a complex subject.
• "Baffling" means confusing or puzzling. (भ्रमित करने वाला)
• Example: The magician’s trick was baffling to the audience.
• "Class" refers to a group of students learning together. (कक्षा)
• Example: The entire class applauded the professor’s lecture.
• All words are already in their correct positions, making the sentence grammatically correct and meaningful without any interchange.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 5 (No interchange required).

Additional Information

• Option 1 (A-B): Incorrect. Interchanging A ("lucid") with B ("complex") distorts meaning, as explanations are lucid and theories are complex. (स्पष्ट / जटिल)
• Option 2 (B-C): Incorrect. Interchanging B ("complex") with C ("baffling") is illogical, as theory is complex and its perception is baffling. (जटिल / भ्रमित करने वाला)
• Option 3 (C-D): Incorrect. Interchanging C ("baffling") with D ("class") is grammatically wrong, as baffling describes difficulty, not a group of students. (भ्रमित करने वाला / कक्षा)
• Option 4 (A-D): Incorrect. Interchanging A ("lucid") with D ("class") is meaningless, as lucid describes explanation, not class. (स्पष्ट / कक्षा)

The correct answer is: Option 2 (B-C).

Key Points

• "Triumphant" means victorious, successful, or having achieved victory. (विजयी)
• Example: The triumphant team celebrated their championship win.
• "Optimistic" means hopeful and confident about the future. (आशावादी)
• Example: Despite setbacks, she remained optimistic about her chances.
• Hence, interchanging B ("triumphant") with C ("optimistic") makes the sentence logical: the team remained optimistic and eventually emerged triumphant, proving perseverance leads to success.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2 (B-C).

Additional Information

• Option 1 (A-D): Incorrect. Interchanging A ("insurmountable") with D ("success") is illogical, as challenges are insurmountable and perseverance leads to success. (अजेय / सफलता)
• Option 3 (A-B and C-D): Incorrect. While B-C is correct, swapping A ("insurmountable") with D ("success") distorts meaning. (अजेय / सफलता)
• Option 4 (B-D): Incorrect. Interchanging B ("triumphant") with D ("success") is awkward, as success is the result, not the state of being triumphant. (विजयी / सफलता)
• Option 5 (No interchange required): Incorrect. Without interchange, the sentence suggests the team remained triumphant and emerged optimistic, which is grammatically fine but less logical in progression. The natural order is optimism leading to triumph. (कोई अदला-बदली आवश्यक नहीं)

The correct answer is: Option 1 (A-B).

Key Points

• The word "stimulate" means to encourage or provoke a reaction or activity. (उत्तेजित करना / प्रेरित करना)
• Example: The new drug is designed to stimulate the body’s natural defenses.
• "Administer" means to give or apply a treatment, medicine, or vaccine. (प्रशासन करना / देना)
• Example: The nurse administered the vaccine to the children.
• Correct interchange: Swap A (stimulate) and B (administer). The sentence becomes: Researchers aim to administer a novel vaccine to stimulate a robust immune response, helping to neutralize the virus and prevent widespread infection. ✔ Grammatically correct and meaningful.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 1 (A-B).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Option 2 (B-C): Swapping "administer" and "neutralize" would result in "administer the virus," which is incorrect. (प्रशासन करना / निष्क्रिय करना)
• Option 3 (A-B and C-D): Swapping both pairs would distort meaning — "stimulate a vaccine" and "prevent a robust infection" are illogical. (उत्तेजित करना / प्रशासन करना / रोकना)
• Option 4 (B-D): Swapping "administer" and "infection" would lead to "administer widespread infection," which is nonsensical. (संक्रमण)
• Option 5 (No interchange required): The original sentence is grammatically incorrect and illogical, so this option is invalid. (कोई बदलाव आवश्यक नहीं)

The correct answer is Option C.

 

Key Points

• The passage explains that the original legendary rail line went defunct due to financial mismanagement and low passenger numbers.
• The revival occurred when a hospitality enterprise stepped in. The specific motivation mentioned is: "Recognising the latent potential in nostalgic travel, a hospitality enterprise acquired the legacy brand..."
• This recognition led to the revitalization of the carriages and the restart of the venture under the new identity, Bellovita.
• Therefore, the catalyst for the revival was the identified value in the nostalgia associated with luxury rail travel.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

 

Correct Sentence from the Passage: "Recognising the latent potential in nostalgic travel, a hospitality enterprise acquired the legacy brand, revitalised its classic carriages, and restarted the venture under a new identity: Bellovita."

 

Additional Information

• A: High-speed aviation – This is mentioned as a reason why the golden age of sleeper trains originally faded, not a reason for the revival.
• B: Financial mismanagement – This was one of the reasons the original line went defunct, leading to its closure, not its revival.
• D: Dwindling passenger counts – Similar to financial mismanagement, this contributed to the failure of the original service.
• E: Global pandemic – The pandemic actually threatened the survival of the newly revived brand; it was not the cause of the initial revival.

The correct answer is Option D.

 

Key Points

• The passage explicitly mentions the specific destination for the resurrected luxury train service.
• According to the text: "Traversing scenic landscapes with its flagship destination set for Paris, the resurrected luxury train was tailored for affluent travellers..."
• This confirms that Paris is the primary destination mentioned in the context of Bellovita's operations.
• Other cities like London, Venice, Berlin, or Rome are not mentioned as the flagship destination in the provided passage.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

 

Correct Answer: Paris

 

Additional Information

• A, B, C, E: These options are incorrect because the passage does not identify London, Venice, Berlin, or Rome as the flagship destination for the Bellovita train.
• The passage focuses on the revival of a legacy brand that originally connected Europe's cultural capitals, but specifically names Paris as the target for the new venture.

The correct answer is Option 5.

 

Key Points

• The question asks to identify which factor was not cited as a challenge faced by Bellovita (the resurrected brand).
• Option 1 (Low occupancy rates): The passage explicitly states, "Early operational years proved challenging; the brand struggled with low occupancy rates..."
• Option 2 (High maintenance overheads): The passage mentions the brand struggled with "...high maintenance overheads, leaving industry analysts sceptical..."
• Option 3 (Financial mismanagement): The passage mentions this as the reason the original legendary line went defunct ("...defunct due to financial mismanagement..."), but it is also implied as a hurdle for the legacy brand before the Bellovita acquisition.
• Option 4 (Border closures and lockdowns): The passage states that during the pandemic, "Border closures and lockdowns brought international tourism to an unprecedented standstill, putting immense financial strain..."
• Option 5 (Lack of strategic investments): This is not cited as a challenge. In fact, the passage mentions that "strategic investments began stabilising the business" before the pandemic hit, and later "fresh capital investments allowed Bellovita to modernise."

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

 

Correct Option: "Lack of strategic investments"

 

Additional Information

• The passage highlights that Bellovita actually benefited from strategic and fresh capital investments at critical points in its timeline to stabilize and modernize.
• The challenges listed in the text were primarily operational (occupancy/overheads), external (pandemic/lockdowns), or historical (the mismanagement of the predecessor line).

The correct answer is 'Option 2'.

 

Key Points

• A) The travel market favours quick itineraries and fast-paced experiences.
• This cannot be inferred from the passage. Though high-speed aviation and modern transit systems dominated global travel, the rise of "slow travel" in experiential tourism indicates a shift away from fast-paced experiences.
• B) Experiential tourism has gained popularity as travellers prefer "slow travel."
• This can be inferred from the passage. The passage mentions that after the pandemic, experiential tourism surged as travelers preferred "slow travel."
• C) The pandemic had a generally positive financial impact on the hospitality sector.
• This cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage explicitly states that the global pandemic delivered a catastrophic blow and put immense financial strain on the hospitality sector.
• D) Government bailouts were readily available for private niche ventures like Bellovita.
• This cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage states that mainstream airlines and domestic railways sought government support, but private niche ventures like Bellovita faced existential collapse.
• E) Luxury rail travel has always been highly profitable throughout history.
• This cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage indicates that luxury rail travel had its golden age but also faced periods of financial mismanagement, dwindling passenger counts, and challenges.

Therefore, the correct answer is Only B.

 

Additional Information

• Only A: Incorrect because A cannot be inferred from the passage.
• Only C: Incorrect because C cannot be inferred from the passage.
• All A, B, and C: Incorrect because only B can be inferred from the passage.
• Both A and C: Incorrect because neither A nor C can be inferred from the passage.

The correct answer is 'Bailouts'.

 

Key Points

• The word "bailouts" refers to an act of giving financial assistance to a failing business or economy to save it from collapse. (वित्तीय सहायता)
• In the context of the passage, mainstream airlines and railways were facing a "catastrophic blow" due to the pandemic and needed significant government intervention to survive.
• While "subsidies" or "loans" are types of financial aid, "bailout" is the most precise term used in economic contexts when large industries (like airlines) are rescued from existential failure by the government.

​Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option B'.

Complete Sentence: While mainstream airlines and domestic railways sought government bailouts to survive, private niche ventures like Bellovita faced existential collapse.

Additional Information

• Loans (ऋण): Money that is borrowed and is expected to be paid back with interest.
• Grants (अनुदान): A sum of money given by a government or other organization for a particular purpose.
• Subsidies (सब्सिडी): A sum of money granted by the state to help an industry or business keep the price of a commodity or service low.
• Tax reliefs (कर राहत): A reduction in the amount of tax that a person or organization has to pay.

The correct answer is Option B.

 

Key Points

• Statement A: Bellovita's early operational years were financially prosperous and stable.
• This statement is incorrect. The passage explicitly states that "Early operational years proved challenging; the brand struggled with low occupancy rates and high maintenance overheads."
• Statement B: Nostalgic travel emerged as a significant trend post-pandemic.
• This statement is correct. The passage mentions that "post-pandemic travel trends witnessed a dramatic shift" where "experiential tourism surged" and travellers favoured "slow travel," which allowed the nostalgic Bellovita brand to modernise and capture a booming market.
• Statement C: High-speed aviation contributed to the resurgence of sleeper train travel.
• This statement is incorrect. According to the passage, high-speed aviation "dominated global travel" and caused the "golden age of sleeper trains" to "gradually fade." It was a cause of decline, not resurgence.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Only B.

The correct answer is Option 2.

 

Key Points

• Statement A: Financial mismanagement caused the original rail service to become defunct.
• This statement is correct. The passage explicitly states that the legendary line went "completely defunct due to financial mismanagement and dwindling passenger counts."
• Statement B: Bellovita's operator faced low maintenance overheads in its early years.
• This statement is incorrect. The passage states that during early operational years, the brand "struggled with low occupancy rates and high maintenance overheads."
• Statement C: Bellovita's infrastructure was modernised yet retained its 19th-century charm.
• This statement is correct. The passage mentions that fresh capital allowed the brand to "modernise its infrastructure while preserving its 19th-century charm."
• Hence, Statement B is the only incorrect statement based on the text.

Therefore, the correct answer is: ‘Only B’.

The correct answer is: Option 4 i.e., Endure.

Key Points

• The word "last" in the context of the sentence "...classical elegance has managed to endure as a viable business model to the very last" refers to the ability to remain in existence, persist, or survive over a long period of time. (टिकना/बने रहना)
• Example: The ancient traditions of the tribe continue to last despite the influence of modern technology.
• "Endure" means to remain in existence or to last for a long time, especially through difficulties or changes; it perfectly matches the contextual meaning of the passage where the business model survives despite disruptions. (कायम रहना/सहन करना)
• Example: The explorer's legacy will endure for generations because of his remarkable discoveries.

Therefore, the correct answer is- Endure.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Previous (पिछला): Existing or occurring before in time or order.
• Example: She had no previous experience in marketing before joining this firm.
• Final (अंतिम): Coming at the end of a series; concluding.
• Example: The referee blew the whistle to signal the final whistle of the match.
• Continue (जारी रखना): To persist in an activity or process without interruption.
• Example: We must continue our efforts to protect the environment.
• Ultimate (सर्वश्रेष्ठ/चरम): Being or happening at the end of a process; final or best of its kind.
• Example: Winning the championship was the ultimate goal for the young athlete.

The correct answer is: Option 3 i.e., Ready.

Key Points

• The word "poised" in the context of the passage means being in a state of readiness or prepared to do something, especially when standing on the brink of a significant development. (तैयार)
• Example: The company is poised to launch its new product line in the international market next month.
• "Ready" refers to being in a suitable state for an activity or situation; fully prepared or available for immediate use. (तैयार)
• Example: After months of training, the athlete felt ready to compete in the championship.
• Hence, we can infer that the synonym of 'poised' in this context is 'ready'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Ready.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Unprepared (तैयार न होना): Not ready or equipped to deal with something.
• Example: The city was completely unprepared for the sudden heavy snowfall.
• Balanced (संतुलित): Keeping or showing a steady condition; taking everything into account fairly.
• Example: A balanced diet is essential for maintaining good health and energy levels.
• Waiting (प्रतीक्षा करना): Staying in a place or delaying action until a particular time or event.
• Example: They spent three hours waiting at the airport for their delayed flight.
• Unsteady (अस्थिर): Liable to fall or shake; not firm or stable.
• Example: He took a few unsteady steps after being dizzy from the ride.

The correct answer is: Option 5 i.e., Perish.

Key Points

• The word "survive" means to continue to live or exist, especially after coming close to dying or being destroyed or after being in a difficult or threatening situation. (जीवित रहना/बचे रहना)
• Example: Many small businesses struggled to survive during the economic recession.
• "Perish" refers to the state of dying or being destroyed, especially in a violent or sudden way, or to cease to exist completely. (नष्ट होना/मर जाना)
• Example: Without adequate water and care, the crops will perish in the extreme heat.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'survive' is 'perish'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Perish.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Thrive (फलना-फूलना): To grow, develop, or be successful.
• Example: The company continues to thrive even in a competitive market.
• Persist (दृढ़ रहना/बने रहना): To continue firmly or obstinately in an opinion or a course of action in spite of difficulty or opposition.
• Example: If the symptoms persist for more than a few days, you should see a doctor.
• Manage (प्रबंध करना/सफल होना): To succeed in surviving or attaining one's aims, often despite difficulties.
• Example: We managed to finish the project just before the deadline.
• Endure (सहन करना/टिकना): To suffer something painful or difficult patiently, or to remain in existence.
• Example: The ancient monument has managed to endure for centuries despite the harsh weather.

Common Solution:

Shop 'A',

Total number of laptops sold = 450 × 3 = 1350

Sum of the number of HP and Dell laptops sold = 1350 − 390 = 960

Number of HP laptops sold = (7/12) × 960 = 560

Number of Dell laptops sold = (5/12) × 960 = 400

Similarly,

 

Calculation:

Required average = (390 + 720 + 600) ÷ 3 = 1510 ÷ 3 = 570

Common Solution:

Shop 'A',

Total number of laptops sold = 450 × 3 = 1350

Sum of the number of HP and Dell laptops sold = 1350 − 390 = 960

Number of HP laptops sold = (7/12) × 960 = 560

Number of Dell laptops sold = (5/12) × 960 = 400

Similarly,

Calculation:

Required percent = (600 – 560)/560 x 100 = 7.14%

Common Solution:

Shop 'A',

Total number of laptops sold = 450 × 3 = 1350

Sum of the number of HP and Dell laptops sold = 1350 − 390 = 960

Number of HP laptops sold = (7/12) × 960 = 560

Number of Dell laptops sold = (5/12) × 960 = 400

Similarly,

 

Calculation:

Number of Dell laptops sold by shop E = (120/100) x 400 = 480

Number of HP laptops sold by shop E = (80/100) x 480 = 384

Required average = (480 + 384) ÷ 2 = 432

Common Solution:

Shop 'A',

Total number of laptops sold = 450 × 3 = 1350

Sum of the number of HP and Dell laptops sold = 1350 − 390 = 960

Number of HP laptops sold = (7/12) × 960 = 560

Number of Dell laptops sold = (5/12) × 960 = 400

Similarly,

Calculation:

Required ratio = (560 + 600): (720 + 600) = 1160:1320 = 29:33

Common Solution:

Shop 'A',

Total number of laptops sold = 450 × 3 = 1350

Sum of the number of HP and Dell laptops sold = 1350 − 390 = 960

Number of HP laptops sold = (7/12) × 960 = 560

Number of Dell laptops sold = (5/12) × 960 = 400

Similarly,

 

Calculation:

Number of Dell laptops sold by shop X = 400 x (100/80) = 500

Number of HP laptops sold by shop X = 560 x (100) /50) = 1120

Required total number of Dell and HP laptops in shop X = 500 + 1120 = 1620

Selling Price per kg rice = ₹240

Cost Price per kg rice = ₹8(X + 5)

ATQ,

240 = 1.2 × 8(X + 5)

Or, 240 = 9.6(X + 5)

To avoid decimal calculation, multiply both sides by 5:

1200 = 48(X + 5)

Or, 1200 = 48X + 240

Or, 48X = 960

So, X = 20

Cost Price per kg rice = 8(20 + 5) = 200

New Selling Price per kg rice = 4 × 20 = 80

Loss percentage = (200 - 80) / 200 × 100 = 60%

Let total population = 100m

Number of Males = 50m

Number of Females = 50m

Total newspaper readers = 65% of 100m = 65m

Male readers = 80% of 50m = 40m

Female readers = 65m − 40m = 25m

Female non-readers = 50m − 25m = 25m

Percentage of females not reading newspapers = (25m/50m) x 100 = 50%

Semicircle circumference = πr + 2r

Or, r(π + 2) = 6X

Or, r(22/7 + 2) = 6X

Or, r X (36/7) = 6X

So, r = 7X/6

Now,

(1/2) πr² = 1232

Or, (1/2) x (22/7) x (7X/6)² = 1232

So, X = 24

Radius of circle = (7 x 24)/6 = 28 cm

Radius of cylinder = (28/2) = 14 cm

Height = 9 x (24/8) = 27 cm

Curved surface area = 2 x (22/7) x 14 x 27 = 2376 cm²

Let initial speed of 'P' and 'Q' be 5x km/h and 4x km/h respectively

Time taken to travel by 'Q' = 5 hr

Time taken to travel by 'P' = 6 hr

Distance travelled by 'P' = 5x × 6 = 30x

Distance travelled by 'Q' (hourly) = 4x + (4x − 20) + (4x − 40) + (4x − 60) + (4x − 80)

= 20x − 200

ATQ,

30x + 20x − 200 = 1800

Or, 50x = 2000

So, x = 40

Speed of 'Q' = 4 × 40 = 160 km/h

LCM of 6, 9, 18 = 18 units

Let the total tank capacity be 18 units (LCM of 6, 9, 18)

A's 1 hour work = (18/6) = 3 units

B's 1 hour work = (18/9) = 2 units

C's 1 hour work = (18/18) = 1 unit

From 1 PM to 2 PM (A only) :

Work = 3 units

Remaining = 18 − 3 = 15 units

From 2 PM to 3 PM (A + B) :

Work = 3 + 2 = 5 units

Remaining = 15 − 5 = 10 units

From 3 PM onwards (A + B + C) :

Work per hour = 3 + 2 + 1 = 6 units

Time to finish = 10/6 hours

10/6 hours = 1 hour 40 minutes

Final Time = 3:00 PM + 1 hour 40 minutes = 4:40 PM

Common Solution:

Factory 'W',

Total quantity of fabric manufactured = 4500 m

Quantity of Silk fabric manufactured = (8/15) × 4500 = 2400 m

Quantity of Cotton fabric manufactured = (7/15) × 4500 = 2100 m

Factory 'X',

Total quantity of fabric manufactured = 2100 m

Quantity of Silk fabric manufactured = (3/7) × 2100 = 900 m

Quantity of Cotton fabric manufactured = (4/7) × 2100 = 1200 m

Similarly,  

 

Calculations:

Required sum = 2400 + 900 = 3300 m

Common Solution:

Factory 'W',

Total quantity of fabric manufactured = 4500 m

Quantity of Silk fabric manufactured = (8/15) × 4500 = 2400 m

Quantity of Cotton fabric manufactured = (7/15) × 4500 = 2100 m

Factory 'X',

Total quantity of fabric manufactured = 2100 m

Quantity of Silk fabric manufactured = (3/7) × 2100 = 900 m

Quantity of Cotton fabric manufactured = (4/7) × 2100 = 1200 m

Similarly,  

 

Calculations: 

Required difference = 2800 – 2600 = 200 m

Common Solution:

Factory 'W',

Total quantity of fabric manufactured = 4500 m

Quantity of Silk fabric manufactured = (8/15) × 4500 = 2400 m

Quantity of Cotton fabric manufactured = (7/15) × 4500 = 2100 m

Factory 'X',

Total quantity of fabric manufactured = 2100 m

Quantity of Silk fabric manufactured = (3/7) × 2100 = 900 m

Quantity of Cotton fabric manufactured = (4/7) × 2100 = 1200 m

Similarly,  

 

Calculations: 

Factory 'V',

New quantity of silk fabric manufactured = (120/100) x 1000 = 1200 m

New quantity of cotton fabric manufactured = (80/100) x 1400 = 1120 m

Required total quantity = 1200 + 1120 = 2320 m

Common Solution:

Factory 'W',

Total quantity of fabric manufactured = 4500 m

Quantity of Silk fabric manufactured = (8/15) × 4500 = 2400 m

Quantity of Cotton fabric manufactured = (7/15) × 4500 = 2100 m

Factory 'X',

Total quantity of fabric manufactured = 2100 m

Quantity of Silk fabric manufactured = (3/7) × 2100 = 900 m

Quantity of Cotton fabric manufactured = (4/7) × 2100 = 1200 m

Similarly,  

 

Calculations: 

Required average = (800 + 2600)/2 = 3400/2 = 1700 m

Common Solution:

Factory 'W',

Total quantity of fabric manufactured = 4500 m

Quantity of Silk fabric manufactured = (8/15) × 4500 = 2400 m

Quantity of Cotton fabric manufactured = (7/15) × 4500 = 2100 m

Factory 'X',

Total quantity of fabric manufactured = 2100 m

Quantity of Silk fabric manufactured = (3/7) × 2100 = 900 m

Quantity of Cotton fabric manufactured = (4/7) × 2100 = 1200 m

Similarly,  

 

Calculations: 

Required percentage = (2200/2100) x 100 = 104.76%

ATQ,

11236 = 10000(1 + R/100)²

Or, (1 + R/100)² = 11236/10000

Or, (1 + R/100)² = 1.1236

Or, 1 + (R/100) = 1.06

So, R = 6

Now,

P = 15000

R = (6 + 3)% = 9%

T = (6 + 5) = 11 years

SI = (15000 × 9 × 11)/100 = ₹14850

Total initial weight White balls = 7 × 9 = 63

Total initial weight Red balls = 13 × 28 = 364

Total initial weight Total balls = 427

Removed white balls = X and Y

Remaining white weight = 63 - X - Y

Remaining white count = 5

Added red balls = 3

Average weight of added red balls = (Y - 2)

Added red weight = 3(Y - 2) = 3Y - 6

Final total weight = (63 - X - Y) + (364 + 3Y - 6) = 421 - X + 2Y

Final number of balls = 5 + 13 + 3 = 21

Final average = 20

Total final weight = 21 × 20 = 420

ATQ,

421 - X + 2Y = 420

Or, −X + 2Y = -1

Or, X = 2Y + 1

Condition:

Y is prime, 20 > X > Y

Case (I): Y = 3

X = 2(3) + 1 = 7

X = 7 (prime)

Not valid

Case (II): Y = 5

X = 2(5) + 1 = 11

X = 11 (prime)

Not valid

Case (III): Y = 7

X = 2(7) + 1 = 15

20 > 15 > 7

Valid

Average weight of removed white balls = (X + Y) ÷ 2

= (15 + 7) ÷ 2 = 22 ÷ 2 = 11 gm

Common Solutions:

Let the total number of students who participate in drama from class VIII and class X be 5x and 6x respectively.

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class VIII = 5x - 50

The total number of students who participate in singing from class VIII = 5x - 75

ATQ,

(5x - 50) + (5x - 75) + 5x = 865

Or, 15x - 125 = 865

Or, 15x = 990

So, x = 66

The total number of students who participate in drama from class VIII = 5 × 66 = 330

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class VIII = 330 - 50 = 280

The total number of students who participate in singing from class VIII = 330 - 75 = 255

The total number of students who participate in drama from class X = 6 × 66 = 396

The total number of students who participate in drama from class IX = 1086 - (330 + 396) = 360

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class X = (7/6) × 360 = 420

The total number of students who participate in singing from class X = 125% of 280 = 350

The total number of students who participate in dancing and singing together from class IX = 360 × 2 = 720

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class IX = (100/120) × 528 = 440

The total number of students who participate in singing from class IX = 528 - 440 = 352

 

Calculation:

Required average = (280 + 440 + 396) ÷ 3

= 1116 ÷ 3 = 372

Common Solutions:

Let the total number of students who participate in drama from class VIII and class X be 5x and 6x respectively.

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class VIII = 5x - 50

The total number of students who participate in singing from class VIII = 5x - 75

ATQ,

(5x - 50) + (5x - 75) + 5x = 865

Or, 15x - 125 = 865

Or, 15x = 990

So, x = 66

The total number of students who participate in drama from class VIII = 5 × 66 = 330

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class VIII = 330 - 50 = 280

The total number of students who participate in singing from class VIII = 330 - 75 = 255

The total number of students who participate in drama from class X = 6 × 66 = 396

The total number of students who participate in drama from class IX = 1086 - (330 + 396) = 360

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class X = (7/6) × 360 = 420

The total number of students who participate in singing from class X = 125% of 280 = 350

The total number of students who participate in dancing and singing together from class IX = 360 × 2 = 720

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class IX = (100/120) × 528 = 440

The total number of students who participate in singing from class IX = 528 - 440 = 352

 

Calculation:

Required percentage = (396 – 350)/350 x 100 = 13.14%

Common Solutions:

Let the total number of students who participate in drama from class VIII and class X be 5x and 6x respectively.

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class VIII = 5x - 50

The total number of students who participate in singing from class VIII = 5x - 75

ATQ,

(5x - 50) + (5x - 75) + 5x = 865

Or, 15x - 125 = 865

Or, 15x = 990

So, x = 66

The total number of students who participate in drama from class VIII = 5 × 66 = 330

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class VIII = 330 - 50 = 280

The total number of students who participate in singing from class VIII = 330 - 75 = 255

The total number of students who participate in drama from class X = 6 × 66 = 396

The total number of students who participate in drama from class IX = 1086 - (330 + 396) = 360

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class X = (7/6) × 360 = 420

The total number of students who participate in singing from class X = 125% of 280 = 350

The total number of students who participate in dancing and singing together from class IX = 360 × 2 = 720

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class IX = (100/120) × 528 = 440

The total number of students who participate in singing from class IX = 528 - 440 = 352

 

Calculation:

Required total number of students who participated in dancing, drama, and singing together from class IX = 440 + 352 + 360 = 1152

Common Solutions:

Let the total number of students who participate in drama from class VIII and class X be 5x and 6x respectively.

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class VIII = 5x - 50

The total number of students who participate in singing from class VIII = 5x - 75

ATQ,

(5x - 50) + (5x - 75) + 5x = 865

Or, 15x - 125 = 865

Or, 15x = 990

So, x = 66

The total number of students who participate in drama from class VIII = 5 × 66 = 330

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class VIII = 330 - 50 = 280

The total number of students who participate in singing from class VIII = 330 - 75 = 255

The total number of students who participate in drama from class X = 6 × 66 = 396

The total number of students who participate in drama from class IX = 1086 - (330 + 396) = 360

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class X = (7/6) × 360 = 420

The total number of students who participate in singing from class X = 125% of 280 = 350

The total number of students who participate in dancing and singing together from class IX = 360 × 2 = 720

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class IX = (100/120) × 528 = 440

The total number of students who participate in singing from class IX = 528 - 440 = 352

 

Calculation:

The total number of students who participate in singing from classes VIII and IX together

= 255 + 352 = 607

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class X = 420

Required difference = 607 – 420 = 187

Common Solutions:

Let the total number of students who participate in drama from class VIII and class X be 5x and 6x respectively.

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class VIII = 5x - 50

The total number of students who participate in singing from class VIII = 5x - 75

ATQ,

(5x - 50) + (5x - 75) + 5x = 865

Or, 15x - 125 = 865

Or, 15x = 990

So, x = 66

The total number of students who participate in drama from class VIII = 5 × 66 = 330

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class VIII = 330 - 50 = 280

The total number of students who participate in singing from class VIII = 330 - 75 = 255

The total number of students who participate in drama from class X = 6 × 66 = 396

The total number of students who participate in drama from class IX = 1086 - (330 + 396) = 360

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class X = (7/6) × 360 = 420

The total number of students who participate in singing from class X = 125% of 280 = 350

The total number of students who participate in dancing and singing together from class IX = 360 × 2 = 720

The total number of students who participate in dancing from class IX = (100/120) × 528 = 440

The total number of students who participate in singing from class IX = 528 - 440 = 352

 

Calculation:

The total number of students who participate in dancing from classes VIII and X together

= 280 + 420 = 700

The total number of students who participate in singing from class X and drama from class IX together = 350 + 360 = 710

Required ratio = 700: 710 = 70:71

Profit share of 'A', 'B' and 'C' = (60000 × 12) : (100000 × 12) : (80000 × 6)

= 6 :10 :4

C's share = (4/20) × 270000 = Rs. 54000

Let the initial quantity of Milk and Water be '5x' and '3x' respectively,

Quantity of Milk removed = 32 X (5/8) = 20 Liters

Quantity of Water removed = 32 X (3/8) = 12 Liters

Remaining quantity of milk = (5x - 20) Liters

Remaining quantity of water = (3x - 12) Liters

After adding 12 Liters of water,

Remaining quantity of water = (3x - 12 + 12) = 3x Liters

ATQ,

(5x – 20)/3x = 3/2

Or, 2(5x – 20) = 9x

Or, 10x – 40 = 9x

Or, x = 40

Initial mixture = 8 x 40 = 320 L

Let number of Rs. 5 coins be 'm'

So, the number of Rs. 2 coins = m + 250

Number of Rs. 0.5 coins = 11m

ATQ,

m + (m + 250) + 11m = 2200

Or, 13m + 250 = 2200

Or, 13m = 1950

So, m = 150

Number of Rs. 5 coins = 150

Number of Rs. 2 coins = 400

Number of Rs. 0.5 coins = 1650

Share of 'R' = 150 × 5 + 400 × 2 + 1650 × 0.5 = 750 + 800 + 825 = 2375

Share of 'P' = (6/5) × 2375 = 2850

Here, (a + 1)/a = 6/5

Or, 5a + 5 = 6a

So, a = 5

Share of 'Q' = (2a/a) × R's share = 2 × 2375 = 4750

ATQ,

Total amount (X) = P's share + Q's share + R's share = 2850 + 4750 + 2375 = 9975

Given:

I. x² + 36x + 324 = 0

II. y² – 4y – 221 = 0

Calculation:

I. x² + 36x + 324 = 0

⇒ x² + 18x + 18x + 324 = 0

⇒ x(x + 18) +  18(x + 18)= 0

⇒ (x + 18)(x + 18) = 0

⇒ x = (-18), (-18)

II. y² – 4y – 221 = 0

⇒ y² – 17y + 13y – 221 = 0

⇒ y(y – 17) + 13(y – 17) =0

⇒ (y – 17)(y + 13) = 0

⇒ y = 17, (-13)

<br>

When we compared the values of ‘x’ and ‘y’ in the table above, we found that there is only ONE relation between X and Y i.e. <. So, a relation between x and y is “x < y”.

∴ After comparison, all the values of x and y the relation is "x < y".

Given:

I. x² – 24x + 143 = 0

II. 6y² – 25y + 26 = 0

Calculation:

From I,

x² – 24x + 143 = 0

⇒ x² – 13x - 11x + 143 = 0

⇒ x(x - 13) - 11(x - 13) = 0

⇒ (x - 13)(x - 11) = 0

Taking,

⇒ (x - 13) = 0 or  (x - 11) = 0

⇒ x = 13 or 11

From II,

6y² – 25y + 26 = 0

⇒ 6y² – 13y - 12y + 26 = 0

⇒ y(6y - 13) - 2(6y - 13) = 0

⇒ (6y - 13)(y - 2) = 0

Taking,

⇒ (y - 2) = 0 or (6y - 13) = 0

⇒ y = 2 or (13/6)

Comparison between x and y (via Tabulation):

 

∴ x > y.

Given:

I. x2 + 11x + 18 = 0

II. y2 + 2y + 1 = 0

Calculation:

I. x2 + 11x + 18 = 0

⇒ x² + 9x + 2x + 18 = 0

⇒ x(x + 9) + 2(x + 9)= 0

⇒ (x + 9)(x + 2) = 0

⇒ x = (-9), (-2)

II. y2 + 2y + 1 = 0

⇒ y² + y + y + 1 = 0

⇒ y(y + 1) + 1(y + 1) =0

⇒ (y + 1)(y + 1) = 0

⇒ y = (-1), (-1)

Comparison between x and y (via Tabulation):

<br>

When we compared the values of ‘x’ and ‘y’ in the table above, we found that there is only ONE relation between X and Y i.e. <. So, a relation between x and y is “x < y”.

∴ After comparison, all the values of x and y the relation is “x < y”.

Solution:

10 years ago, let the age of mother = 5x years, age of daughter = 2x years

Present Age of mother = 5x + 10

Present Age of daughter = 2x + 10

8 years hence, mother age = 5x + 18 years

Daughter age = 2x + 18 years

(5x+18)/ (2x+18) = 7:4

x = 9

Present age of mother = (5 × 9 + 10) = 45 = 55

Present age of daughter = (2 × 9 + 10) = 28

Present age of father = (55 + 5) = 60

Therefore the age of father and daughter 10 years ago = (60 + 28 - 20) = 68

Solution:

Upstream  speed of the boat = 3x

Downstream speed of the boat = 4x

Difference between time taken by the boat to cover 36 km in upstream and downstream = 1

36/3x - 36/4x = 1

12/x - 9/x = 1

​12 - 9 = x

x = 3

Speed of stream = (Downstream speed - Upstream Speed)/2

= (12 - 9)/2 

= 1.5 km/hr

Hence, option(2) is correct.

Given: Ten persons Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, and Z were born on two different dates i.e. 9th and 26th of five months Viz. January, February, March, April, and May of the same year (not leap year).

 

1. Three persons were born between Y and X, who was born in a month having least number of days.
2. W was born just before Y.

 

There are 2 cases i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

 

3. Four Persons were born between W and V.  
4. S is just younger than V and was born on the month having even number of days. 

Case 1 gets eliminated because S was born on the month having even number of days and the number of days in January is 31.

 

5. Number of persons were born between Z and S is same as the number of persons were born between Z and R. 
6. More than three persons were born between X and T. 
7. Q was born before U.

 

 

Y and T were born in April.

Hence, the correct answer is ‘Both D and B’.

Given: Ten persons Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, and Z were born on two different dates i.e. 9th and 26th of five months Viz. January, February, March, April, and May of the same year (not leap year).

 

1. Three persons were born between Y and X, who was born in a month having least number of days.
2. W was born just before Y.

 

There are 2 cases i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

 

3. Four Persons were born between W and V.  
4. S is just younger than V and was born on the month having even number of days. 

Case 1 gets eliminated because S was born on the month having even number of days and the number of days in January is 31.

 

5. Number of persons were born between Z and S is same as the number of persons were born between Z and R. 
6. More than three persons were born between X and T. 
7. Q was born before U.

 

 

I. W was born on 9th April (True)

II. V was born on 26th February (False)

III. T was born after W (True)

Hence, the correct answer is ‘Both I and III’.

Given: Ten persons Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, and Z were born on two different dates i.e. 9th and 26th of five months Viz. January, February, March, April, and May of the same year (not leap year).

 

1. Three persons were born between Y and X, who was born in a month having least number of days.
2. W was born just before Y.

 

There are 2 cases i.e., Case 1 and Case 2.

 

 

3. Four Persons were born between W and V.  
4. S is just younger than V and was born on the month having even number of days. 

Case 1 gets eliminated because S was born on the month having even number of days and the number of days in January is 31.

 

5. Number of persons were born between Z and S is same as the number of persons were born between Z and R. 
6. More than three persons were born between X and T. 
7. Q was born before U.

 

 

Three persons were born between Q and R on same date of Q.

Hence, the correct answer is ‘Three’.