RRB NTPC CBT 2 (Level-5) Official Paper (Held On: 15 June 2022 Shift 2) (Previous Year Paper)

Given:

Speed at the time of going = 45 km/h

Speed at the time of return to the starting point = 36 km/h.

Concept used:

When distance is constant then,

Average speed = (2xy)/(x + y)

Here,

x = Speed at time of going

y = speed at the time of returning

Calculation:

Average speed = (2 × 45 × 36)/(45 + 36) km/hr.

⇒ (2 × 45 × 36)/81 km/hr.

⇒ (3240)/81 km/hr.

⇒ 40 km/hr.

∴ The average speed for the entire journey (in km/h) is 40.

The correct answer is The law of diminishing returns to a factor.

Key Points

• Pattern of consistent, predictable losses expresses that as one variable information is expanded, with all others staying fixed, a point will be reached past which the peripheral actual result of the variable element will start to diminish.
• All things considered, assuming extra factor input is added, it will prompt negative minimal creation.
• For instance, in the event that a plant utilizes laborers to make its items, sooner or later, the organization will work at an ideal level; with any remaining creation factors consistent, adding extra specialists past this ideal level will bring about less proficient tasks as the size of the production line and hardware will stay for what it's worth however laborers will increment bringing about the disorder which will decrease effectiveness.

Additional Information

• As indicated by the Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility, peripheral utility of a decent lessens as an individual consumes more units of a decent. All in all, as a shopper takes more units of a decent, the additional utility or fulfillment that he gets from an additional unit of the great continues falling.
• The law of variable extents expresses that as the amount of component increments while keeping different elements steady the complete item first increments with a rising rate then increments with the diminishing rate and afterward lessens. Plan There are three phases of law of variable extent.
• The minor pace of specialized replacement (MRTS) is a financial hypothesis that outlines the rate at which one element should diminish so a similar degree of efficiency can be kept up with when another component is expanded.

Given:

• Number of people in a row = 5, namely Jai, Pia, Era, Ram and Shubh.
• They are facing the North direction.

To find: The name of the person sitting at extreme left end.

Explanation:

• Pia is sitting at the extreme right end.

• Shubh is sitting to the immediate right of Era.

​

Jai is sitting second to the left of Shubh.

• Case 1 gets eliminated because Jai cannot be placed second to the left of Shubh.
• Ram is sitting to the immediate right of Shubh.

​Only case 2 can place Ram as per the given condition. So, case 3 gets eliminated.​

• So, Jai is sitting at the extreme left end.
• Hence, Jai is the correct answer.

Given:

$0.\overline{12}-0.\bar{6} + 0.\bar{3}$

Concept used:

$0.\overline{ab} = \frac{ab}{99}$

Calculation:

$0.\overline{12}-0.\bar{6} + 0.\bar{3}$

⇒ $\frac{12}{99} -\frac{6}{9} + \frac{3}{9}$

⇒ $\frac{12 ;-; 66;+;33}{99}$

⇒ $\frac{45 ;-; 66}{99}$

⇒ $\frac{-21}{99}$

⇒ $−\frac{7}{33}$

∴ Required answer is $−\frac{7}{33}$.

The correct answer is Raja Parba.

Key Points

• Raj Parba is a carnival celebrated in Odisha in India.
• Also known as Mithuna Sankranti, Raj Parba, the Hindu carnival is generally celebrated for three to four days in the middle of June.

Important Points

• The Ali-Aye-Ligang Festival in Assam is held every time on the first Wednesday of the month of Gimur Polo or February (Gregorian timetable).
• Ali-Aye-Ligang is a traditional carnival of Machines, the second largest lineage of Assam.
• Falgutsav, Doul Yatra, or Phakuwa is a festival of colour.
• Bihu Festival:
• Bihu is the substance of Assam and is celebrated across the state with tremendous zeal and enthusiasm.

Additional Information

• About Assam (as of 2022):
• Chief Minister: Himanta Biswa Sarma.
• Governor: Jagdish Mukhi.
• Rajya Sabha Seats: 7.
• Lok Sabha Seats: 14.
• State Animal: Indian rhinoceros.
• State Bird: White-winged duck.
• National Park: Dibru-Saikhowa National Park, Kaziranga National Park, Manas National Park, Nameri National Park, Rajiv Gandhi Orang National Park.
• Dam: Subansiri Lower Dam (Subansiri River), Karbi Langpi Dam (Borpani River).

Important Points

• Important Festivals of North East India

Given:

• Number of students:5, namely A, B, C, D and E.
• Number of schools:5, namely K, L, M, N and O.
• Number of subjects:5, namely Hindi, Mathematics, Science, Social Science and English

Explanation :

• C studies in M

• D likes English and studies in N.

• B studies in O and does not like Social Science.

• | Student | School | Subject | | --- | --- | --- | | A | | | | B | O | Social Science | | C | M | | | D | N | English | | E | | |

• E likes Hindi but is neither from O nor L.

• | Student | School | Subject | | --- | --- | --- | | A | L | | | B | O | Social Science | | C | M | | | D | N | English | | E | K | Hindi |

• The student of L likes Math.

• | Student | School | Subject | | --- | --- | --- | | A | L | Math | | B | O | Science | | C | M | Social Science | | D | N | English | | E | K | Hindi |

• Thus, student A studies in school L and likes Mathematics.

Hence, A is the correct answer.

The Correct Answer is Bangladesh. 

Key Points

• The Chakma population is estimated to be around 60,000.
• Chakma, also called Changma, Sakuma, or Sangma, the largest of the populations of Bangladesh, also settled in a passage between northeastern India and Myanmar (Burma).
• Chakma language is an Indo- Aryan language spoken by the Chakma and Daingnet people.
• The language has common features with other languages in the region like the Chittagonian, Tanchangya, Arakanese, and, others.

Additional Information

• Chakma history says that they migrated to Arakan from the ancient area of Magadha in the present Bihar state of India.
• The Chakma and the Hajong were settled in Arunachal Pradesh between 1964- 69 by the Indian government.
• The original population was around five thousand, but at present, it's said to be close to one lakh.
• Chakmas practice Theravada Buddhism pigmented with aspects of animism and Hinduism.

Important Points

• Some Important Points about Bangladesh.
• ​Prime Minister - Sheikh Hasina.
• President - Mohammad Abdul Hamid.
• National Bird - Magpie Robin
• National Animal - The Royal Bengal Tiger.
• Currency - Bangladeshi Taka.
• Population - 16.47 Crores. (Acc. to 2020)
• Capital - Dhaka.

Given:

Statements

All horses are pigs.

All pigs are fishes.

To check the authenticity of Conclusions:

I. All fishes are pigs.

II. All horses are fishes.

Explanation:

The Venn diagram using the given statements can be represented as follows:

• Conclusion I → all pigs are fishes. But all fishes are pigs is not true because this is a possibility but not definite. So Conclusion I is false.
• Conclusion II → All horses are pigs and all pigs are fishes. So Conclusion II is true.
• Hence, Only conclusion II follows is the correct answer.

Given: 

NT14 ∶ QW7 ∶∶ CR24 : FU12 ∶∶ PV36 ∶ ?

Explanation:

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, SY18 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Dheeraj Kumar. 

Key Points

• The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for the time 2019 in the Medical category has been awarded to Dr Dheeraj Kumar of the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, for his outstanding work on host-directed intervention strategies to target tuberculosis.
• In Biological Science Category, Dr. Amit Singh won the award in the department of microbiology and cell biology.
• He is from the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru.
• In Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean, Planetary, Category, Dr. Binoy Kumar Saikia from Coal and Energy Research Group, won this award.
• In Mathematical Category, Dr. Anish Ghosh, from the academy of mathematics, won the award.

Additional Information

• Bhatnagar Award is awarded annually for notable and outstanding exploration in the following categories Biological category, Chemical category, Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean, and Planetary lines.
• It was introduced in 1958 by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research in honour of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar, its author-director, and recognises excellence in scientific exploration in India.
• Nallathamby Kalaiselvi has been appointed as the Director-General of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and Secretary of the Department of Scientific and Research (DSIR).
• This award has been given to 11 scientists from the country for their significant contributions to science and technology.
• Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar is also known as the "father of research laboratories" in India.

Important Points

• Awarded For- Multi-disciplinary science award.
• Sponsored By - Council of Scientific and Industrial exploration.
• First Winner - Kariamanickam Srinivasa Krishnan.
• First Awarded - 1958.
• Categories in which Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Divided:
• ​Biological Sciences.
• Chemical Sciences.
• Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean, and Planetary Sciences.
• Engineering Sciences.
• Mathematical Sciences.
• Medical Sciences.
• Physical Sciences.
• (Each Category can have multiple winners {Maximum two}).

The correct answer is Haryana, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh.

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Key Points

• In Punjab, where it was first introduced, the Green Revolution led to significant increases in the state's agrarian affair, supporting India's overall frugality.
• The Green Revolution was the emergence of new kinds of crops, specifically wheat and rice varietals, that were suitable to double if not triadic product of those crops in two countries
• The Green Revolution within India led to an increase in agrarian products, especially in Haryana, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh.
• Major mileposts in this undertaking were the development of a high-yielding variety of seeds of wheat and rust-resistant strains of wheat.

Additional Information

• The crop area under high-yielding kinds of wheat and rice grew vastly during the Green Revolution.
• The Green Revolution in India was initiated in the 1960s by introducing high-yielding kinds of rice and wheat to increase food products in order to palliate hunger and poverty.
• The term green revolution was first used by William Gaud and Norman Borlaug is the Father of the Green Revolution.
• In the time 1965, the government of India launched the Green Revolution with the help of a geneticist, now known as the father of the Green revolution( India)M.S. Swaminathan.
• The Green Revolution, or the Agricultural Revolution (after the Neolithic Revolution and the British Agricultural Revolution), is the set of studies on generation switch initiatives happening between 1950 and the late Nineteen Sixties.
• It became associated with chemical fertilizers, agrochemicals, controlled water-deliver (generally concerning irrigation), and greater current techniques of cultivation, which consist of mechanization.
• One leader has become agricultural scientist Norman Borlaug, the "Father of the Green Revolution", who acquired the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970.

Important Points

The correct answer is Finance Commission.

Key Points

• Finance Commission measures needed to augment the Consolidated Fund of a State to supplement the resources of the Panchayats and Municipalities in the State on the basis of the recommendations by the Finance Commission of the State.
• The Finance Commission is composed by the President under article 280 of the Indian Constitution, mainly used to give its recommendations on the distribution of tax revenues among the Central and the States themselves.
• The finance committee was established on 22 November 1951.

Additional Information

• NITI AAYOG stands for National Institution for Transforming India.
• Its function is to encourage cooperative federalism by structured support initiatives and mechanisms with the States on a continuous basis, recognizing that strong States make a strong nation.
• The role of the Comptroller and Auditor General is to audit receipts and expenditures of the Union and each State and the Union Territory Governments.
• Finance Ministry is responsible for financial rules and regulations, financial sanctions relating to all Ministries and offices of the Government of India,
• It also advises  Ministries and government undertakings on Cost Account matters, and expenditure proposals relating to the Delhi Administration.

Given:

• Point A is 15 m to the west of Point C.
• Point B is 22 m to the north of Point C.
• Point D is 18 m to the east of Point B.
• Point E is 11 m to the south of point D.
• Point X is 33 m to the west of Point E.

To find: The shortest distance between Point A and Point X.

Explanation: 

The shortest distance between Point A and Point X is 11m.

Hence, 11m is the correct answer.

The correct answer is IIT Kanpur.

Key Points

• IIT Kanpur developed a digital certificate using Block Chain-driven technology.
• The digital instruments are stored on a digital hold all installed on the mobile bias of the donors.
• The instruments issued using the SSI- enabled blockchain-driven technology are unforgeable, Existential, widely disclosable, and sensitive to stoner content.
• The thing of blockchain is to allow digital information for recording and distributing, but not editing.
• In this way, a blockchain is a foundation for inflexible checks, or records of deals that can not be altered, deleted, or destroyed.

Additional Information

• Blockchain is a participated, inflexible tally that facilitates the procedure of recording deals and tracking means in a business network.
• An asset can be Visible( a house, auto, cash, land) or Untouchable( intellectual property, patents, imprints, branding).
• It'll produce a trusted, unfilterable, uncensorable depository of data and information that's accessible worldwide.
• It's this characteristic that will drive the creation of the third generation of the internet. And this is why the blockchain is the future of the internet.
• 56% of Indian businesses are moving towards blockchain technology
• The countrywide Informatics Centre has established a Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Blockchain technology which operates as a coordinated, interoperable blockchain atmosphere around the country.

Given:

Length : width : height = 60 : 24 : 7

Diagonal = 130 cm

Concept used:

d² = l² + b² + h²

Volume of a cuboid = l × b × h

Here,

d = diagonals

l = length

b = breadth or width

h = height

Calculation:

Let the length, width, and height of the cuboid be 60x, 24x, 7x

According to the question,

130² = (60x)² + (24x)² + (7x)²

⇒ 16900 = 3600x² + 576x² + 49x²

⇒ 16900 = 4225x2

⇒ x2 = 16900/4225

⇒ x2 = 4

⇒ x = 2

So, length = 60 × 2 = 120 cm

width = 24 × 2 = 48 cm

height = 7 × 2 = 14 cm

Now,

Volume = 120 × 48 × 14

⇒ 80640

So, volume of the cuboid 80640 cm³

∴ The volume (in cm³) of the cuboid is 80640.

The pattern followed here is:

1. (787, 1378), (947, 1304), (861, 1218)

• ​787 + 1378 = 2165
• 947 + 1304 = 2251
• Thus, the sums of the terms in these two sets are different.

2. (947, 1218), (861, 1304), (787, 1378)

• ​​947 + 1218 = 2165
• 861 + 1304 = 2165
• 787 + 1378 = 2165
• The sum in each set is equal.

3. (861, 1218), (947, 1378), (787, 1304)

• ​​861 + 1218 = 2079
• 947 + 1378 = 2325
• Thus, the sums of the terms in these two sets are different.

4. (947, 1304), (861, 1378), (787, 1218)

• ​​947 + 1304 = 2251
• 861 + 1378 = 2039
• Thus, the sums of the terms in these two sets are different.

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Simplex.

Key Points

• The simplex type of Data transmission Mode does not support any  Bidirectional data transmission.
• The simplex mode is used in the business field as in deals that don't bear any corresponding reply.
• Transmission mode means transferring data between two biases.
• It's also known as a communication mode.
• Bidirectional is a communications mode this is capable of transmitting records in both directions (send and acquire), however now not at the same time.
• The mediums that are frequently used for bidirectional conversation are e-mail messages, face-to-face conversations or smartphone conversations.

Additional Information

• The transmission mode is also known as the communication mode.
• The transmission mode is defined in the physical sub caste.
• A Walkie-Talkie is an example of the Half- duplex mode. In Walkie-talkie, one party speaks, and another party listens.
• The most common example of the full-duplex mode is a telephone network.
• There are three type of Transmission mode 
• Simple mode
• Half Duplex mode.
• Full Duplex mode.
• In Simplex mode, the communication is unidirectional, as on a one-way road.
• In half-duplex mode, each station can both transmit and admit, but not at the same time
• In full-duplex mode, both stations can transmit and admit contemporaneously.

The correct answer is Physics.

Key Points

• Giorgio Parisi takes his Nobel Prize on Wednesday 8 December 2021.
• Giorgio Parisi also won Wolf Award(2021), and the Max Planck medal (2021).
• He was awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize for Physics for his work on spin glasses, which proved widely applicable in the study of complex systems.
• Spin spectacles are liquid equipment into which many glamorous titles are introduced.

Additional Information

• Nobel prizes are provided yearly for great work in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicinal drug, literature, economics, and the promotion of peace.
• The Nobel Prizes, first offered in 1901, are decided via contributors of Swedish found out societies or, in the case of the peace prize, the Norwegian Parliament.
• ​A never-ending exploration was driven by means of intellectual passion.
• The Nobel Prize in Literature 2021 turned into awarded to Abdulrazak Gurnah for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the results of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf among cultures and continents.”

Important Points

• Other Nobel prize winner in 2021. 
• Chemistry - Benjamin List.
• Physiology or drug- David Julius and Ardem patapoutian.
• Nobel prize in Peace- Dmitry Muratov and Maria Ressa.
• Nobel Prize in Literature- Abdulrazzak Gurnah.

The correct answer is 1977. 

Key Points

• The Government of India launched the Food for Work Program'( FWP) in April 1977.
• The program is open to all Indian poor who are ready to do homemade unskilled labour work and are in the need of pay envelope employment.
• It's enforced as a centrally- patronized scheme.
• The program has ago been contained in the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act( NREGA) of 2005 which has come into force in 200 linked sections of the country including 150 NFFWP sections.
• MGNREGA is now the principal right-grounded employment guarantee scheme.
• The National Food for Work program was intermingled with NREGA latterly.

Additional Information

• Latterly in 2006, the Food for Work Program got intermingled with Mahatma Gandhi's National Rural Employment Guarantee Act with numerous changes in policy enactment, perpetration, and control.
• Presently, the Food for Work Programme is one and the same part of**(the MGNREGA) Act,** Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Act, which guarantees the “ right to work ” and ensures a minimum of 100 days of work for the pastoral poor as livelihood security.

Given:

The variable x takes integer values with 0 ≤ x ≤ 4.

Concept used:

The mode of a continuous random variable is the value at which the probability density function, f(x), is at a maximum

Calculation:

For x = 0

f(0) = 1 + 0 + 0(0 − 1) + $\frac{1}{2}$.0.(0 − 1)(0 − 2) − $\frac{1}{3}$.0.(0 − 1)(0 − 2)(0 − 3)

⇒ 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 - 0

⇒ 1

For x = 1

f(0) = 1 + 1 + 1(1 − 1) + $\frac{1}{2}$.1.(1 − 1)(1 − 2) − $\frac{1}{3}$.1.(1 − 1)(1 − 2)(1 − 3)

⇒ 1 + 1 + 0 + 0 - 0

⇒ 2

For x = 2

f(0) = 1 + 2 + 2(2 − 1) + $\frac{1}{2}$.2.(2 − 1)(2 − 2) − $\frac{1}{3}$.2.(2 − 1)(2 − 2)(2 − 3)

⇒ 1 + 2 + 2 + 0 - 0

⇒ 5

For x = 3

f(0) = 1 + 3 + 3(3 − 1) + $\frac{1}{2}$.3.(3 − 1)(3 − 2) − $\frac{1}{3}$.3.(3 − 1)(2 − 2)(3 − 3)

⇒ 1 + 3 + 6 + 3 - 0

⇒ 13

For x = 4

f(0) = 1 + 4 + 4(4 − 1) + $\frac{1}{2}$.4.(4 − 1)(4 − 2) − $\frac{1}{3}$.4.(4 − 1)(4 − 2)(4 − 3)

⇒ 1 + 4 + 12 + 12 - 8

⇒ 21

So, for x = 4

The equation is heighest

So, mode of x = 4

∴ Required answer is 4.

Given:

18 + 48 ÷ 12 × (32 ÷ 4)2 − 8

Concept used:

Calculation:

18 + 48 ÷ 12 × (32 ÷ 4)2 − 8

⇒ 18 + 48 ÷ 12 × 82 − 8

⇒ 18 + 4 × 82 − 8

⇒ 18 + 4 × 64 − 8

⇒ 18 + 256 − 8

⇒ 274 − 8

⇒ 266

∴ Required answer is 266.

The correct answer is Megha Majumdar. 

Key Points

• Megha Majumdar is an Indian, who lives in New York City.
• Her novel, A Burning, was her debut novel.
• In 2022 her Novel "A Buning" had won a Whiting Award.
• The Yuva Puraskar, also referred to as Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar is a literary honor in India that Sahitya Akademi.

Additional Information

• Author Namita Gokhale won the Sahitya Akademi Award 2021 in English for her novel effects to Leave Behind'; the award was given to 19 other authors in colourful languages.
• Ganga Sharma Come to be the first girl from Jammu and Kashmir to be conferred with the celebrated Sahitya Akademy Yuva Award 2020 for her Poetry compilation “Mannae Da Boaal.”
• Yashica Dutt is a leading anti-caste expert, journalist and the award-prevailing creator of the non-fiction memoir, popping out as Dalit.
• Yuva Puraskar winner from the state is Bipasha Bora for her brief story collection Mou Makshi Samrajya.

The correct answer is  Koman - Kerala.

Key Points

• Koman agriculture
• Koman agriculture is found in Orissa.
• Kerala produces 96% of the country's national output of pepper.
• The important spices are cardamom, cinnamon, clove, turmeric, nutmeg and vanilla.
• Other cash crops that constitute the agricultural sector include tea, coffee cashew,  pulses, areca nut, ginger and coconut.

Additional Information

• The 'slash and burn agriculture is called 'Kuruwa' in Jharkhand.
• The 'slash and burn' agriculture is burned 'Valre' in Jharkhand. The 'slash and burn' agriculture is called 'Conuco' in Conocohand.
• Podu is a form of shifting agriculture using slash-and-burn methods. Traditionally used on the hill-hill slopes of Andhra Pradesh,
• This primitive form of cultivation is called 'Beware' or 'Dahiya' in Madhya Pradesh,

The option is John Maynard Keynes. 

Key Points

• The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money are a book by English economist John Maynard Keynes published in February 1936.
• “The Price of Peace”: Biography of John Maynard Keynes Wins Prestigious Arthur Ross Book Award.
• John Maynard Keynes is regarded as the founder of modern macroeconomics.

Additional Information

• Capitalism and Freedom are rightfully regarded as one of the most popular Milton Friedman books and one of the best-dealing Friedman books. Capitalism and Freedom were published in the time of 1962.
• Adam Smith is also known as" The Father of Economics" or" The Father of Capitalism", he wrote two classic business units, The Theory of Moral Sentiments( 1759) and the Wealth of Nations( 1776).
• Essays in Economic Theory, by Vincent Crawford was first published in 1983.

The correct answer is Rajgriha.

Key Points

• The core of the area was the area of Bihar south of the Ganges; its first capital was Rajagriha( ultramodern day Rajgir), also Pataliputra( ultramodern Patna).
• Pataliputra, conterminous to ultramodern- day Patna, was a megacity in ancient India, firstly erected by Magadha sovereign Ajatashatru in 490 BCE as a small stronghold( Pāṭaligrāma) near the Ganges swash.
• It came the capital of major powers in ancient India, similar as the Shishunaga Empire(c. 413 – 345 BCE), Nanda Empire(c. 460 or 420 – 325 BCE), the Maurya Empire(c. 320 – 180 BCE), the Gupta Empire(c. 320 – 550 CE), and the Pala Empire(c. 750 – 1200 CE). During the Maurya period( see below), it came as one of the largest metropolises in the world.
• Rajagriha was originally known as' Girivrijja' and latterly came to be known as so during the reign of Ajatashatru.
• Udayin laid the foundation of the megacity of Pataliputra at the convergence of two waterways, the Son and the Ganges. He shifted his capital from Rajgriha to Patliputra due to the latter's central position in the conglomerate.

Additional Information

• It was the ancient capital megacity of the Magadha lords until the 5th century BC when Udayin( 460 – 440 BC), son of Ajatshatru, moved the capital to Pataliputra( ultramodern Patna). Shishunaga( 413- 395 BC) innovated the Shishunaga dynasty in 413 BC with Rajgir as its original capital before it was moved to Pataliputra.
• Ajatashatru, who shifted the capital of Magadha from Girivraj to Pataliputra( ultramodern Patna, Bihar). Ever ago, Pataliputra has remained the capital of that fiefdom, down to this day.
• It was King Bimbisara( 543- 491 BCE) of the Haranyaka Dynast who ruled Magadha, made Rajgir his capital.

Important Points

• The alternate capital of Magadha was Pataliputra(present-day Patna).
• The megacity of Rajgir was the first seat of power in the ancient area of Magadha – the state center of the important Mauryan emperors.
• The Rajgir Hills, also known as" Rajgriha" hills, lie near the megacity of Rajgir in central regions of the Indian state of Bihar.

Given:

Statements:

All dusters are balls.

All cups are balls.

Conclusions:

I. All balls are cups.

II. No duster is a cup.

Explanation:

These questions are solved using the Venn diagram method.

Using the statements, the Venn diagram is as follows:

• Conclusion I → Does not follow (it is possible but not definite)
• Conclusion II → Does not follow ( it is possible but not definite)

Hence, Neither I nor II conclusion follows is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Ansh current speed = 35 km / (50/60) h = 42 km/h.

Ratio of Usual speed to Current speed = 8 : 7.

7 units = 42 km/h.

1 unit = 6 km/h.

Usual speed (8 units) = 8 × 6 = 48 km/h.

∴ The correct option is C.

Alternate Method

Given:

Reduced speed = 7/8 of usual speed

Distance covered = 35 km

Time taken = 50 minutes = 50/60 h = 5/6 h

Formula Used:

Speed = Distance ÷ Time

Start End Distance = 35 km Time = 5/6 hr

S = 7/8 × Usual Speed

⇒ Current speed = 35 ÷ (5/6)

⇒ Current speed = (35 × 6) ÷ 5

⇒ Current speed = 7 × 6 = 42 km/h

⇒ Let usual speed be V.

⇒ 42 = (7/8) × V

⇒ V = (42 × 8) ÷ 7

⇒ V = 6 × 8 = 48 km/h

∴ The correct option is C.

Additional Information

Speed-Time Relation

When the distance is constant, speed is inversely proportional to time: S₁ × T₁ = S₂ × T₂.

Unit Conversion

To convert speed from km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert from m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Average Speed

Average speed is calculated as the total distance covered divided by the total time taken: V_avg = Total Distance ÷ Total Time.

The correct answer is Chenab. 

Key Points

• The Indian Railway has completed the world's loftiest road- bow ground over the Chenab River in Jammu and Kashmir.
• Chenab Rail Bridge is an Indian road sword and concrete bow ground between Bakkal and Kauri in the Reasi quarter of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
• The ground has a total length of 473.25 meters, while the length of the viaduct is 120 meters and the central dam 94.25 meters, according to officers, adding it's supported by 96 lines.
• In April 2021 the Chenab Rail Bridge's bow was completed and it's anticipated to open to rail business in December 2022.

Additional Information

• Before Chenab Rail Bridge, Indian Railroads' ambitious Bilaspur- Manali- Leh line along the India- China border, is touted to be the world's loftiest rail track. After its completion, Taglang La will come the loftiest road station in the world at a height of,359 mt above ocean position.
• The world's longest ground is the Danyang – Kunshan Grand Bridge in China.
• Pir Panjal road Lair, the11.2 km long road lair, passes through the Pir Panjal Range of the middle Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir.
• Dhola Sadiya ground is the first largest ground in India.
• Dibang River Bridge is the alternate-longest ground in India.

Important Points

• Chenab Rail Bridge length 1315 m( 4314 ft),  including the 650 m (2,130 ft) long viaduct on the northern side

Given:

A sum becomes Rs. 19360 in 2 years and Rs. 21296 in 3 years

Concept used:

A = P(1 + r/100)^t

S. I = Ptr/100

Here,

P = principal

t = time

r = rate

A = amount

Calculation:

Let the sum be Rs. P and the rate be r

According to the question,

19360 = P(1 + r/100)²      ----(i)

21296 = P(1 + r/100)3      ----(ii)

By dividing eq (i) from eq (ii) we get,

$\frac{21296}{19360}=\frac{P(1 + \frac{r}{100})^3}{P(1 + \frac{r}{100})^2}$

⇒ $\frac{11}{10}=(1 + \frac{r}{100})$

⇒ $\frac{11}{10}=(\frac{100 + r}{100})$

⇒ 1100 = 1000 + 10r

⇒ 10r = 100

⇒ r = 100/10

⇒ r = 10

So, rate = 10%

Now putting the value of r in the eq (i) we get,

19360 = P(1 + 10/100)²

⇒ 19360 = P(1 + 1/10)²

⇒ 19360 = P(11/10)2

⇒ 19360 = 121P/100

⇒ P = 19360 × (100/121)

⇒ P = 16000

So, sum = Rs. 16000

Now,

S. I = (16000 × 3 × 10)/100

⇒ S. I = 160 × 3 × 10

⇒ S. I = 4800

So, simple interest = Rs. 4800

∴ The simple interest on the same sum at the same rate of interest for 3 years is Rs. 4800.

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, SVX is the correct answer.

The correct answer is the USA. 

Key Points

• Judicial Review refers to the power of the Supreme Court( or High Courts) to observe the constitutionality of law if the Court comes to the conclusion that the law is inconsistent with the vittles of the Constitution, such a law is pronounced as unconstitutional and in suitable.
• India has espoused certain features like abecedarian rights, judicial review, independence of bar, functions of chairman and vice-president, and indictment of the President from the U.S.A.
• The law has to pass the test of constitutionality if it qualifies it can be made a law. On the negative, the court can declare it null and void.

Additional Information

• Lord Cornwallis Governor-General from Warren Hastings in 1786. In the times 1787, 1790, and 1793, he introduced judicial reforms.
• Article 372( 1) establishes the judicial review of the there-constitution legislation. Composition 13 declares that any law which contravenes any of the vittles of the part of Fundamental Rights shall be void.
• Judicial Review is governed by the principle of “Procedure established by law” as given in Article 21 of the Indian Constitution.
• Judicial review gives the strength of the courts to declare the constitutionality of acts of organs of Government and declare it unconstitutional if it violates or is inconsistent with the introductory principles of the Constitution.

Important Points

• The main point espoused in the Irish Constitution is the provision of the Directive Principles of State Policy( DPSP).
• The U.S. Constitution, for illustration, protects judicial independence in two ways. First, Composition III says that civil judges may hold their positions “ during good Behaviour. ” In effect, they've continuance movables as long as they satisfy the ethical and legal norms of their judicial office.
• Neelakanta Ramakrishna Madhava Menon was an Indian civil menial, counsel, and legal preceptor, considered by numerous as the father of ultramodern legal education in India.

The correct answer is North America.

Key Points

• The Appalachians, located in the Central and Southern regions, It is one of the most biodiverse locations in North America
• the Appalachian Mountains, which are also known as the Appalachians, a great highland system of North America, and the eastern part of the Rocky Mountains.
• The Region's 26 million live in parts of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia, and all of West Virginia.
• Most of the parts of the Appalachian region are mountainous and rocky while others do have flat fertile lands. Many other of crops are grown in this region including fruits, berries, grain, and potatoes. They are grown mostly in the Annapolis Valley.
• The Appalachian Mountains formed from terrane accretion and the collision of Gondwanaland with ancient North America as the Iapetus Ocean close

Additional Information 

• Mountain Peak              -        Country.
• Atna Peaks            -       Alaska.
• Avalanche Peak    -       Yukon.
• Bald Mountain       -       Colarado.
• Denali                    -       Alaska.
• Mount Darwin       -        California.
• Mount Dubois       -        California.

Given:

Time = 5 years

Sum become 160% of itself after 5 years

Concept used:

S.I = Ptr/100

Here,

P = Principal or sum

r = rate

t = time

Calculation:

Let the sum be 100P and rate of interest be r

So, after the amount = 100P × 160%

⇒ 160P

So, interest in 5 years = 160P - 100P

⇒ 60P

Now,

60P = (100P × 5 × r)/100

⇒ 60P = 5Pr

⇒ 5r = 60

⇒ r = 60/5 = 12

So, rate = 12%

Now,

Double of sum = 200P

So, interest = 200P - 100P 

⇒ 100P

Now,

Let time for the sum to become double of itself be t

So,

100P = (100P × t × 12)/100

⇒ 100P = 12Pt

⇒ 12t = 100

⇒ t = 100/12

⇒ t = 8$\frac{1}{3}$

So, the required time is 8$\frac{1}{3}$

∴ In 8$\frac{1}{3}$ years will the sum double itself under the same rate of interest.

The correct answer is A + B → AB.

Explanation: 

Combination reaction:

• It is a reaction where two or more elements or compounds combine to form a single compound.
• Such reactions are represented by equations of the following form: X + Y → XY.
• The combination of two or more elements to form one compound is called a combination reaction.
• Example of combination reaction is Mg(s) + Cl2(g) → Mgcl2(s)

​

Additional Information

• Decomposition reaction: The opposite of a combination reaction, a complex molecule breaks down to make simpler ones. Such reactions are represented by equations of the following form: AB → A + B.
• Precipitation reaction: Two solutions of soluble salts are mixed resulting in an insoluble solid (precipitate) forming. Such reactions are represented by equations of the following form: A + Soluble salt B  → Precipitate + soluble salt C.
• Neutralization reaction: An acid and a base react with each other. Generally, the product of this reaction is salt and water. Such reactions are represented by equations of the following form: Acid + Base → Salt + Water.
• Combustion reaction: Oxygen combines with a compound to form carbon dioxide and water.
• These reactions are exothermic, meaning they give off heat.
• Such reactions are represented by equations of the following form: A + O2 → H2O + CO2.
• Displacement reaction: One element takes place with another element in the compound. Such reactions are represented by equations of the following form: A + BC → AC + B.

Given:

• Total number of people = 10
• People in each row = 5
• People facing North = 5, namely A, B, C, D and E in Row 1.
• People facing South = 5, namely V, W, X, Y and Z in Row 2.

Explanation:

• A sits second from the left end of the row.

• V faces an immediate neighbour of A.

• W sits second to the left of V.

• The one who faces W, sits to the immediate left of B

​

• B cannot be placed in case (a) as no on sits  to the left of W. So, case (a) is eliminated.

• E sits at one of the positions to the right of B.

• Z faces an immediate neighbour of E.

• Neither X nor D sit at any of the extreme ends of the row.

• This is the final result of the arrangement.

• W faces D.

• Hence, W is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

Let the Cost Price (CP) be 100%.

Profit of 8% ⇒ SP₁ = 108%

Loss of 13% ⇒ SP₂ = 87%

Difference in percentages = 108% − 87% = 21% (or simply 8% + 13% = 21%).

Given: 21% = Rs. 115.50

∴ 100% (CP) = (115.50 ÷ 21) × 100 = 5.5 × 100 = Rs. 550.

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 550.

Alternate Method

Given: Profit% = 8%, Loss% = 13%, Difference in SP = Rs. 115.50.

Formulas: SP = CP × (100 + Profit%) ÷ 100 | SP = CP × (100 − Loss%) ÷ 100

⇒ Let CP be x.

⇒ SP₁ = 1.08x and SP₂ = 0.87x

⇒ 1.08x − 0.87x = 115.50

⇒ 0.21x = 115.50

⇒ x = 115.50 ÷ 0.21 = 550

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 550.

Additional Information

Profit and Loss Gap

When comparing a profit and a loss scenario for the same item, the total difference in Selling Price is the sum of the profit and loss percentages. Formula: CP = (Difference in SP) ÷ (Profit% + Loss%) × 100.

Cost Price Calculation

The Cost Price is always considered as the base (100%) for calculating profit or loss percentages unless specified otherwise.

The correct answer is 1919. 

Key Points

• On 6 April 1919, Mahatma Gandhi started a non-violent Satyagraha against the British.
• The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first Satyagraha movement led by Gandhi in India and is also known as an important revolution in the Indian Independence Movement.
• It was a farmer's revolution that took place in the Champaran quarter of Bihar, India, during the British colonisation, Rowaltt Act was passed by the British government.
• This Act which gave the Police more power was against the people. The Act was called as “ No Dalil, No Vakil, No Appeal.

Additional Information

• Under the Government of India Act (1935), Bengal has constituted as an autonomous province in 1937. That remained the situation until the Indian subcontinent was partitioned into the two dominions of Pakistan and India after the British withdrawal in 1947.
• The British Indian government announced the "Eight Unit Scheme of Indianisation" of the Indian Army, to be under the command of Indian military officers with the certification as King's Commissioned Indian Officer (KCIO) after training at the one of the military institutes in Brita

The correct option is Carolus Linnaeus.

Key Points

EXPLANATION:

Carolus Linnaeus:

• Carolus Linnaeus is best known for Scientific classification and Binomial nomenclature.
• He is also known as the father of modern taxonomy.
• He is also known by the name Carl von Linne.
• He created a new system of classification for all living things.
• This nomenclature system was given by him in his book 'Species Plantarum'.
• In this technique, any living organism is named in two parts.
• For example - the fruit mango is called "Mangifera indica",
• In this 'Magnifera' is the name showing its genus while 'indica' shows the script.

Additional Information Dmitri Mendeleev:

• The Periodic table is discovered by Dmitri Mendeleev.
• Dmitri Mendeleev laid the foundation of the modern periodic table.
• He organized elements into groups and rows according to their physical and chemical behavior.
• Mendeleev arranged elements based on their atomic mass and physical properties.
• Mendeleev also predicted some properties of unidentified elements that were expected to fill gaps within the table.

John Dalton:

• In 1808, John Dalton first proposed an atomic theory of matter and he named it Dalton's atomic theory.
• Dalton’s atomic theory was able to explain the law of conservation of mass, the law of constant composition, and the law of multiple proportions very successfully
• As per the theory, all matter whether it is a mixture, compound, or element, consists of invisible particles called ‘atoms’.

Claude Louis Berthollet:

• Claude Louis Berthollet was a Savoyard-French chemist.
• He is known for his scientific contributions to the theory of chemical equilibria via the mechanism of reverse chemical reactions.
• He was the first to demonstrate the bleaching action of chlorine gas.
• He was the first to develop a solution of sodium hypochlorite as a modern bleaching agent.

The correct answer is Haryana.

Key Points

• Haryana’s Minister of State for Sports and Youth Affairs, Sandeep Singh launched ‘ Khel Nursery Scheme 2022- 23 ’ to promote sports in the state
• The players of Haryana have given a new identity to the state at the transnational position with their sports gift. The state government is always seeking to develop new sports bents in the state.
• The scheme promotes sports nurseries that will be started in government**, private educational institutions, and private sports institutions.**
• The minister said players of Haryana have given a new identity to the state at the transnational position with their sports gift.
• The state government is always seeking to develop new sports bents in the state. He said the Haryana government is reaching out to similar youths who can bring orders.
• Resources related to sports are being expanded in the state.

Additional Information

• Scheme Name- Khel Nursery Scheme.
• Scheme Under- Haryana Government.
• Blazoned By- State Sports and Youth Affairs Minister Sandeep Singh.
• Start Date- 2022
• Perpetration By- Department of Sports and Youth Affairs, Haryana.
• Major Ideal- To expand the sport's coffers and nurture the youthful sports gift in the state.

Given:

Radius of the circle = 12 cm

Concept used:

If an equilateral triangle is inscribed in a cirlce then,

r = a/√3

Here,

r = radius of the circle

a = side of the equilateral triangle

Calculation:

In ΔABC

AB = BC = CA = side of the equilateral triangle

OA = OC = OB = 12 cm = radius of the circle

Let side of the triangle be a

So, according to the question,

12 = a/√3

⇒ a = 12√3

So, side of the triangle = 12√3 cm

∴ The length of each side of the triangle ABC (in cm) is 12√3.

Given:

• CHERRY' is coded as '6-16-10-36-36-50'.
• 'GRAPES' is coded as '14-36-2-32-10-38'

To find: Code for 'LITCHI'.

Explanation:

Using the above information, code for LITCHI will be 24-18-40-6-16-18.

 24-18-40-6-16-18 is the correct answer .

Given: 

'P + Q' means 'P is the father of Q',

'P − Q' means 'P is the mother of Q',

'P / Q' means 'P is the sister of Q',

'P U Q' means 'P is the son of Q',

'P ∩ Q' means 'P is the daughter of Q',

​​

Explanation:

• Option 1: A ∩ B ∩ C / D + E
• Here, A is a female. So, this option is incorrect.
• Option 2: A / B ∪ C ∪ D / E
• Here, A is a female. So, this option is incorrect.
• Option 3:A / B + C − D U E
• Here, A is a female. So, this option is incorrect.
• Option 4: A ∪ B / C / D ∪ E
• Here, A is the son of E's daughter, B.
• Hence, A ∪ B / C / D ∪ E is the correct answer.

Given:

Numbers are 875, 245, and 1225

Concept used:

The highest common factor or HCF of two or more numbers is the greatest number that divides exactly the given numbers.

Calculation:

875 = 5³ × 7

245 = 5 × 7²

1225 = 5² × 7²

HCF of these three numbers = 5 × 7

⇒ 35

∴ Required HCF of the numbers is 35.

The correct answer is Mandolin. 

Key Points

• A mandolin is a stringed consumed music instrument in the flute family and it is generally plucked with a plectrum. It most generally has four courses of doubled essence.
• Mandolins are involved in flute family instruments in Europe.
• The Mandolin has most generally four courses of doubled essence strings tuned in accord, therefore giving an aggregate of 8 strings, although five( 10 strings) and six( 12 strings) course performances are also live.
• There are numerous styles of mandolin, but the three most common types are the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the archtop mandolin, and the flat-backed mandolin

Additional Information

• Percussion Instrument 
• Percussion instruments include any instrument that makes a sound when it's hit, shaken, or scraped.
• The common percussion instruments in the symphony include the timpani, xylophone, cymbals, triangle, snare barrel, brass barrel, tambourine, maracas, gongs, chimes, celesta, and piano.
• The mridangam is a percussion instrument of ancient times. It's the primary metrical incident in a Carnatic music ensemble.
• Both Indians and Carnatic styles are corrected by a plethora of instruments classified under Stringed Instruments( Veena, Sitar, Sarod, Gottuvadyam, Santoor, Tambura, Chitraveena etc), Bowed instruments( Violin, Sarangi) Wind instruments( Flute, Shehnai, Nadaswaram  etc.)

Important Points

• The ghatam is the most ancient percussion type of instrument in India. It's a complexion pot with a narrow mouth. From the mouth, it slants outwards to form a crest.
• The conception of Mridangamela was developed by Korambu Subrahmanian Namboodiri and is presently propagated by Korambu Vikraman Namboodiri.
• The morsing is an instrument analogous to the Jew's harp, substantially used in Rajasthan, in the Carnatic music of South India, and in Sindh, Pakistan.

Briefly discussing the concept,

• Cause is the reason why event has occurred.
• Effect is the outcome of the cause.
• In addition to this, these statements may be either independent causes or may be the effects of independent causes or a common cause.

​Given:

Statements:

I. A substantial increase in the spread of COVID positive cases especially among people less than 18 years of age is expected in the city during the next 2 months.

II. The government has announced that all schools will remain closed until the COVID situation subsides.

Explanation:

• Statement I describes the substantial rise of infection among people less than 18 years of age due to COVID.So, statement I adheres to Cause.
• Statement II shows light on the effective measures taken by the government as the affected age group is related to students going to school. This follows the outcome of the cause. Thus statement II is its effect.

Hence, Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Lithium, Sodium, or Indium.

 Key Point

• Melting and Boiling Points:
• Essence has high melting and boiling points.
• Tungsten actually has one of the highest melting points of all elements, not the lowest. It melts at around 3422°C (6192°F). Its boiling point is also very high, at about 5555°C (10031°F).

On the other hand, mercury has one of the lowest melting points of all metallic elements, melting at -38.83°C (-37.89°F). Its boiling point, however, is not the lowest; it boils at 356.73°C

• Sodium and potassium also have low melting points.

Additional Information

• The melting point of a pure substance is always advanced and has a lower range than the melting point of an impure substance or, more generally, of fusions. The more advanced the volume of other factors, the lower the melting point and the broader will be the melting point range, frequently appertained to as the" doughy range".
• Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium essence are soft because the cohesive forces between these essences are veritably weak, therefore these essences have a soft texture and are fluently cut with a cutter.
• Essence like Gold and Iron is hard and thick. They're malleable and ductile. They're veritably tough and it's nearly insolvable to be cut with a cutter.
• If an object is light for its size it has a low viscosity. A pebble is heavy for its size, compared to a piece of popcorn which is light for it's size.

The correct answer is The Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar.

Key Points

• Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea formed by The Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar.
• The Palk Strait connects India (Tamil Nadu) with Sri Lanka (Jaffna).
• The Mannar Gulf is located near Mannar Island in Sri Lanka.
• Adam's Bridge (Rama Setu), which is 50 kilometres long, connects the Palk Strait with the Gulf of Mannar.
• The Gulf of Mannar is a huge shallow harbour in the Indian Ocean that is part of the Laccadive Sea.
• The Coromandel Coast region is located between the southeastern tip of India and the west coast of Sri Lanka.

Additional Information

• The Gulf of Mannar is a small harbour in the Indian Ocean's the Laccadive Sea. The Gulf of Mannar is separated from the Palk Strait, which lies to the north between India and Sri Lanka, by Adam's Bridge, also known as Ramsethu, which includes Mannar Island.
• The Malacca Strait is a canal that connects the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) to the South China Sea (Pacific Ocean).
• Palk Strait is a Bay of Bengal strait located between southern India and northern Sri Lanka. Pamban Island (India), Adam's (Rama's) Bridge (a chain of shoals), the Gulf of Mannar, and Mannar Island border it on the south (Sri Lanka).

Given:

• Position of P from left end = 17
• Position of P from right end = 23
• Q is in the middle of the row.

To find: Position of Q from left end.

Explanation:

• Total number of students = Position of P from left end+Position of P from right end - 1
• $17 + 23 - 1 = 39$
• So, the position of Q from left end = $(total number of students + 1) / 2 = (39 + 1) / 2 = 20th$

Hence, 20th is the correct answer.

Data sufficiency can be dealt in the following ways:

• Two statements are provided which will help in determining whether the question can be answered or not.
• If only one statement\(individually) can help in answering the question, then the answer will be chosen from option 2 or option 4.
• Then, we will check whether both statements together are required to solve the question, choose option 3, otherwise option 1.

Explanation:

Statement I:

• There are more than 30 but less than 37 workers in the factory.​​
• 31 ≤  number of workers ≤ 36

Statement II:

• There are more than 34 but less than 41 workers in the factory. ​
• 35 ≤  number of workers ≤ 40.
• The number of workers in the factory can be divided into two groups in such a manner that each group contains an equal number of workers.
• number of workers = 36, or 38, or 40.​

Combining statement I and II, we get 36 as the answer.

Hence**, Both statements I and II together are sufficient to answer the question** is the correct answer.

Given:

A can do 87.5% of the work in 35 days

B can do 65% of the same work in 23.4 days.

Concept used:

If a person can complete a work alone in x days, then the efficiency (part of the work completed in one day) = 1/x

Calculation:

A can-do 87.5% of the work in 35 day

A can-do 1% of the work in (35/87.5) days

A can-do 100% of the work in (35/87.5) × 100 days

⇒ 40 days

Similarly

B can-do 65% of the work in 23.4 day

B can-do 1% of the work in (23.4/65) days

B can-do 100% of the work in (23.4/65)× 100 days

⇒ 36 days

One day's work of A = 1/40 units

One day's work of B = 1/36 units

In one day together they will do = (1/40) + (1/36) units of the work

⇒ [(9 + 10)/360] units of the work

⇒ 19/360 units of the work

∴ The work will get done in 1 day by them is $\frac{19}{360}$.

Given:

• All are facing North.
• Aniket is 12th from the left.
• Kavlin is 18th from the right.
• If their positions are swapped, Kavlin becomes 14th from the right

Explanation:

Total number of students = Position of Aniket from left + Position of Kavlin from right after interchange - 1

= 12 + 14 - 1 = 25

Hence 25 is the correct answer.

The pattern followed here is n² : (n + 1)

• Option1: → (18)² : (18 + 1) = 324:19
• Option2: → (25)2 : (25 + 1) = 625:26
• Option3: → (21)2 : (21 + 1) = 441:22
• Option4: → (12)2 : (12 + 1) = 144:13 ≠ 144:15

Hence, 144:15 is the odd one out.

The correct answer is Directive principles of state policy. 

  

Key Points

• In Article 46 of the Indian Constitution Promotion of educational and profitable interests of slated gentries, slated lines and other weaker sections.
• The State shall promote with special care the educational and profitable interests of the weaker sections of the people, and, in particular, of the slated gentries and slanted lines, and shall cover them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation is given.
• According to the Indian Constitution, The term weaker section refers to a section of the population that's socially, economically, and politically behind the other sections of the population and has been passing colorful forms of incompetence as a result of their backwardness. The Government of India Act, 1935 defines “ weaker sections ” as class or classes of people who are suffering from educational and profitable backwardness, as well as some aspects of social life, due to traditional customs of untouchability, ethnical background, ethnical way of life or another backwardness.
• Different judgments of the Indian government have divided the weaker groups into three main orders. 
• slated gentries.
• slated lines.
• Other backward classes.

Additional Information

• Directive Principles of State Policy aim to produce social and profitable conditions under which the citizens can lead a good life. They also aim to establish a social and profitable republic through a weak state.
• Though the Directive Principles are non-justiciable rights of the people abecedarian in the governance of the country, it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws per Article 37.
• Besides, all administrative agencies of unions and countries should also be guided by these principles. Indeed the bar has to keep them in mind in deciding cases.
• An being policy in line with DPSP can't be reversed, still, it can be expanded further in line with DPSP. The policy changes applicable under DPSP shall not be reversible unless the applicable DPSP is deleted by indigenous correction.
• Directive Principles of State policy Come under Article 36- 51 of the Indian Constitution.

The correct answer is Bismillah Khan.

Key Points

• Bismillah Khan played the shehnai on 15 August 1947 at the Red Fort. He was the first Indian to hail the nation with his musical instrument.
• This event was major because we got independence on that day.
• Khan's music echoed from the ramparts of Red Fort in New Delhi on August 1947 the day India declared its independence from the 200- time-old British rule. He also performed on the country's first Republic Day form on January 26, 1950.
• Khan continues to be one of the many musicians to have entered the Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri, and Sangeet Natak Akademi awards.
• Khan is the man who introduced the world to the air of Indian classical music and created a unique space for himself.

Additional Information

• Ustad Bismillah Khan was born in Bihar on March 21, 1916.
• Shehnai, double-wimp conical oboe of North India.
• The shehnai is made of wood, except for a glaring essence bell attached to the bottom of the instrument, and measures about 12 – 20 elevation( 30 – 50 cm) in length, with six to eight crucial cutlets holes along its body.
• Ali Bux was the official shehnai player of the Vishnu temple in Varanasi.

• Total number of people = 80
• Position of Angelina from right = 13
• Position of Margareta from left =18
• Number of people between Margareta and Angelina = 80 - (18 + 13) = 49

Hence, 49 is the correct answer.

The Correct answer is Gujarat. 

Key Points

• The 40th Indian point to be inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List is located in Gujarat.
• India's name of Dholavira, the Harappan City in the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat has been named on UNESCO's World Heritage list.
• After the addition of the two spots, the number of World Heritage spots in India stands to be 40.
• While Dholavira came to the fourth point from Gujarat and 40th from India to make the list, it's the first point of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation( IVC) in India to get the label.
• In total, there are 121 monuments listed in UNESCO spots, across 167 countries.
• The oldest point of the Indus Valley Civilization, Bhirrana, and the largest point Rakhigarhi are located in the Indian state of Haryana.
• Further, 90 of the inscribed objects and seals discovered were set up at ancient civic centres along the Indus swash in Pakistan, substantially Harappa( Punjab) and Mohenjo- Daro( Sindh).

Additional Information

• Dholavira is an archaeological point at Khadirbet in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District, in the state of Gujarat in western India.
• Also known locally as Kotada timba, the point contains remains of a megacity of the ancient Indus Valley civilization.
• Dholavira’s position is on the Tropic of Cancer.
• It's one of the five largest Harappan spots and the most prominent of archaeological spots in India belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization.
• The point was" officially" discovered in 1967- 68 by J.P. Joshi, one of the Archaeological Survey of India( ASI).

Important Points

• UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization( UNESCO) was established on 16 November 1945.
• UNESCO has 195 Members and 8 Associate Members and is controlled by the General Conference and the Executive Board.
• A World Heritage Site is a corner or area with legal protection by a transnational convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization( UNESCO).
• World Heritage spots are designated by UNESCO for having artistic, literal, scientific, or other forms of significance.
• Aux Meadows National Historic Park, was the first UNESCO world heritage point.
• The “ World Heritage Convention ” classifies the world heritage of humankind into two orders,' artistic heritage' and' natural heritage', easily indicated in the title of the convention.

Given: It was Wednesday on Rahul's birthday in the year 2005.

Explanation: 2005 and 2006 are normal years, and not leap years.

• There are 365 days in a year.
• number of odd days from Rahul's birthday in 2005 to his birthday in 2006 = remainder obtained on dividing 365 by 7= 1
• Thus it will be Thursday on his next birthday.

Hence, Thursday is the correct answer.

Given:

Pipe can fill the tank in 12.5 hours

Leakage can drain in 17.5 hours

Concept used:

Total work = Efficiency of the pipe × time taken

Calculation:

LCM of 12.5 and 17.5 = 87.5 units i.e total work

So, efficiency of filling pipe = 87.5/12.5

⇒ 7 units/hour

Efficiency of the leakage = 87.5/17.5

⇒ 5 units/hour

Effective efficiency = 7 - 5 [leakage will drain the water so its efficiency will be subtracted from the efficiency of filling the pipe]

⇒ 2 units/hour

So, in 14 hours the tank will be filled by 2 × 14

⇒ 28 units

Remaining = 87.5 - 28

⇒ 59.5 units

Time taken to fill the remaining portion by the filling pipe = 59.5/7

⇒ 8.5 hours

So, total time taken to fill the tank completely = 14 + 8.5

⇒ 22.5 hours.

∴ The total time taken (in hours) to fill the tank is 22.5.

Given:

Sum = Rs. 10000

Rate of interest = 10%

Concept used:

Amount = Principal + interest

Calculation:

Amount after 1st year = 10000 + 10000 × 10%

⇒ Rs. 11000

Principal after paying the 1st installment = 11000 - 3000

⇒ Rs. 8000

Amount after 2nd year = 8000 + 8000 × 10%

⇒ Rs. 8800

Principal after paying the 2nd installment = 8800 - 2800

⇒ 6000

Amount after 3rd year = 6000 + 6000 × 10%

⇒ Rs. 6600

Now,

Rachel paid back the remaining principal of Rs. 6600 after 3rd year

∴ The amount Rachel paid as the final installment was Rs. 6600.

The Correct answer is Uttar Pradesh.

Key Points

• Goswami Tulsidas was born In modern Uttar Pradesh.
• He wrote several popular works in Sanskrit and Awadhi.
• But is best known as the author of the Hanuman Chalisa and of the grand Ramcharitmanas, a retelling of the Sanskrit Ramayana grounded on Rama's life in the conversational Awadhi.
• Tulsidas spent the utmost of his life in the megacity of Varanasi and Ayodhya.
• The Tulsi Ghat on the Ganges River in Varanasi is named after him.
• He has been accredited as one of the topmost muses in Hindi, Indian, and World Literature.

Additional Information

• Ramcharitmanas is a grand lyric in the Awadhi language, composed by the 16th- century Indian bhakti minstrel Tulsidas.
• It's considered one of the topmost workshops of Hindu literature.
• The word Ramcharitmanas literally means" Lake of the deeds of Rama".
• The jotting of Ramcharitmanas also heralded numerous artistic traditions.
• Most significantly that of the tradition of Ramlila, the dramatic enactment of the textbook. Ramcharitmanas is considered by numerous as a work belonging to the Saguna academy.

Important Points

• Important Fact about Uttar Pradesh according to 2022.
• Chief Minister - Yogi Adiyanath.
• Governor - Anandi Ben Patel.
• Capital - Lucknow.
• State Bird - Sarus Crane.
• State Tree - Ashok.
• Official Language - Hindi.
• MP( Lok Sabha) - 80.
• MP( Rajya Sabha) - 31.

Given:

The car takes 10 min for the angle of depression to change from 45° to 60°

Concept used:

tanθ = P/B

Calculation:

In ΔABC,

AB/BC = tan60°

⇒ h/x = √3

⇒ h = √3x      ----(i)

In ΔABD,

AB/BD = tan45°

⇒ [h/(x + y)] = 1 

⇒ h = x + y     ----(ii)

Comparing eq (i) & (ii) we get

√3x = x + y

⇒ √3x - x = y

⇒ (√3 − 1)x = y

Car covers the distance y in 10 min

So, (√3 − 1)x distance is covered in 10 min

So, x distance will be covered in 10/(√3 - 1) min

$\frac{10}{√3,-,1} \times \frac{√3,+,1}{√3,+,1}$

⇒ $\frac{10(√3,+,1)}{(√3)^2,-,1^2}$

⇒ $\frac{10(√3,+,1)}{3,-,1}$

⇒ $\frac{10(√3,+,1)}{2}$

⇒ 5(√3 + 1) min

⇒ (5√3 + 5) min

So, total time = 5√3 + 5 + 10

⇒ 15 + 5√3 min

∴ The car will reach the tower in (15 + 5√3) minutes.

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of sides (in plates) = 3 : 4 ⇒ Total plates = 3x × 4x = 12x²

Given 12x² = 48 ⇒ x² = 4 ⇒ x = 2

Plates along sides = 3 × 2 = 6 and 4 × 2 = 8

Perimeter (in units of plate side) = 2 × (6 + 8) = 28

Actual Perimeter = 28 × 2 cm = 56 cm

∴ The correct answer is 56 cm.

Alternate Method

Given: Total square plates = 48, Side of each plate = 2 cm, Ratio of sides = 3 : 4.

Formula: Area = Length × Width; Perimeter = 2 × (Length + Width).

⇒ Let the number of plates along the length be 4x and along the width be 3x.

⇒ Total plates = 4x × 3x = 12x².

⇒ 12x² = 48 ⇒ x² = 4 ⇒ x = 2.

⇒ Length in terms of plates = 4 × 2 = 8; Width in terms of plates = 3 × 2 = 6.

⇒ Actual Length (L) = 8 × 2 cm = 16 cm.

⇒ Actual Width (W) = 6 × 2 cm = 12 cm.

⇒ Perimeter = 2 × (L + W) = 2 × (16 + 12) = 2 × 28 = 56 cm.

∴ The correct answer is 56 cm.

Additional Information

Perimeter and Area Relation

For a fixed area, the square is the rectangle that possesses the minimum possible perimeter.

Diagonal of a Rectangle

The diagonal (d) can be calculated using the Pythagoras theorem: d = √(L² + W²).

Scaling Factor

If the linear dimensions of a 2D shape are increased by a factor k, the perimeter increases by k, while the area increases by k².

Given:

$\frac{4^{524}−4^{522}+30}{4^{522}+2}$

Concept used:

x^a × x^b = x^{(a + b)}

Calculation:

$\frac{4^{524}−4^{522}+30}{4^{522}+2}$

⇒ $\frac{4^{522}\left(4^{2};−;1\right)+30}{4^{522};+;2}$

⇒ $\frac{4^{522}\left(16;−;1\right)+30}{4^{522};+;2}$

⇒ $\frac{4^{522}\left(15\right);+;30}{4^{522};+;2}$

⇒ $\frac{15\left[4^{522}(1);+;2\right]}{4^{522};+;2}$

⇒ $\frac{15\left(4^{522};+;2\right)}{(4^{522};+;2)}$

⇒ 15

∴ Required answer is 15.

The correct answer is Laplanderiod.

Key Point

Human Races 

• The 18th and 19th centuries saw widespread use of the idea of race, despite the fact that it was rooted in misunderstanding and dispute.
• According to Hooton (1926), a "race" is a significant division of humanity, whose members, with individual differences, are distinguished as a group by certain combinations of morphological, metrical traits, primarily non-adaptive, that have been inherited from their shared ancestry.
• Certain physical traits, like skin colour, eye shape, and hair type, as well as genetic traits, like blood types, biochemical parameters, DNA, etc., are thought to be the basis for the idea that humans can be divided into different races.
• Based on differences in skin tone, Georges Cuvier (1828) distinguished three distinct human races:
• Caucasoid
• Negroid and
• Mongoloid
• According to him, the first race of humans was Caucasian, and the other two races came into existence later on.

Additional Information

• Francois Bernier (1684), a naturalist, used face and physical features to divide people into four stocks, creating the first systematic classification of humans.
• Buffon (1749), a monogenist, coined the term "race" in natural history and divided people into six racial groups based on their skin tone, stature, and physical characteristics: Laplander, Tartar, European, South Asian, American, and Ethiopian.
• Later, based on geography and appearance, the father of modern anthropology, Blumenbach (1775), divided people into five races: Mongolian, Malayan, Ethiopian, American, and Caucasian.
• The ABO blood group system's distribution was used by Reuben Ottonberg to make the first attempt at racial classification of people.
• One could argue that the term "race" was coined by anthropologists to describe the diversity of people.

Given:

Explanation:

• "they fall" will be coded as pe os.

​Hence, pe os is the correct answer.

Given:

Number of people = 6

Name: D, E, K, L, S and T

Explanation:

• E is taller than only two people.

• Neither D nor K is the tallest.
• T is taller than E but shorter than D.

• S is shorter than T but not the shortest.

Hence, None is the correct answer.

Given:

Average of 25 numbers is 55

Average of first 11 numbers is 51

Average of last 10 numbers is 56.

Concept used:

Average = Sum of elements/Number of elements

Calculation:

Total of 25 numbers = 55 × 25

⇒ 1375

Total of first 11 numbers = 51 × 11

⇒ 561

Total of last 10 numbers = 56 × 10

⇒ 560

Total of remaining 4 numbers = 1375 - (561 + 560)

⇒ 1375 - 1121

⇒ 254

Now,

Total of remaining 4 numbers and 66, 70 = 254 + 66 + 70

⇒ 390

Average = 390/6

⇒ 65

∴ Required average is 65.

Explanation:

The pattern followed here is:

Code = vowels in alphabetical order followed by consonants in alphabetical order.

• 'TONGUE' is written as 'EOUGNT'
• Here, vowels = O, U, E ⇒ alphabetical order: E < O < U.
• Consonants = T, N, G ⇒ alphabetical order: G < N < T.
• Thus, code = EOUGNT
• 'JEALOUS' is written as 'AEOUJLS'
• Here, vowels = E, A, O, U ⇒ alphabetical order: A < E < O < U.
• Consonants = J, L, S ⇒ alphabetical order: J < L < S.
• Thus, code = AEOUJLS
• Code for STOMACH
• Here, vowels = O, A ⇒ alphabetical order: A < O
• Consonants = S, T, M, C, H ⇒ alphabetical order: C < H < M < S < T.
• Thus, code = AOCHMST

Hence, AOCHMST is the correct answer.

Given:

Sum = Rs. 1250

Interest = Rs. 102

Time = 2 years

Concept used:

Interest = P(1 + r/100)^t - P

Here,

P = principal or sum

r = rate

t = time

Calculation:

Let the rate of interest be r

According to the question,

102 = 1250(1 + r/100)² - 1250

⇒ 102 + 1250 = 1250(1 + r/100)2

⇒ 1352 = 1250(1 + r/100)2

⇒ 1352/1250 = (1 + r/100)2

⇒ 676/625 = (1 + r/100)2

⇒ (26/25)² = (1 + r/100)2

⇒ 26/25 = 1 + r/100

⇒ 26/25 = (100 + r)/100

⇒ 2600 = 2500 + 25r

⇒ 25r = 2600 - 2500

⇒ 25r = 100

⇒ r = 4

So, rate of interest = 4%

∴ The rate of interest per annum is 4%.

The correct answer is Fiscal Neutrality.

Key Points

• Fiscal Neutrality is when a government trying, spending, or adopting a decision has or is intended to have no net effect on frugality.
• Policy changes can be considered neutral in either their macroeconomic or microeconomic impact or both.
• Because the term financial impartiality can be applied in several different senses, it's important to understand the environment and purpose for which it's being used in order to understand its meaning.
• In the realm of macroeconomic, financial policy, government deficiency spending, or budget overpluses, are encouraged as a means to increase or drop aggregate demand in frugality in order to stabilize macroeconomic growth and avoid recessions.
• In a microeconomic sense, financial impartiality centres on the idea that government policy can impact individual profitable geste.
• A neutral financial policy in sense is one that leaves individualities to decide to work, consume, save, invest, or engage in other profitable conduct unaltered.

Additional Information

• Financial Profit is the process by which, during affectation, rising inflows draw people into advanced duty classes, so that their real inflows may fall; this acts as a restraint on the expansion of frugality. financial time.
• A financial deficiency is a space in a government's income compared with its spending. The government that has a financial deficiency is spending beyond its means.
• A financial deficiency is calculated as a chance of gross domestic product( GDP), or simply as total bones spent in excess of income.
• Financial expenditure refers to the sum of government charges, including spending on goods and services, investment and transfer payments like social security and severance benefits.
• Financial expenditures are part of government budget balance computation.

The correct answer is 0, 255.

Key Points

• IPv4 address is a string of numbers consisting of four parts, where each part is a number between 0 and 255.
• An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical marker that identifies a computer network that employs the Internet Protocol for communication.
• An example of such an IP address is 192.0.2.1.
• Identification of the network interface and location addressing are the two primary purposes of an IP address.
• An IP address is a 32-bit number according to Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4).
• Some of these are designated for special uses, such as multicast addressing (270 million addresses) and private networks (18 million addresses).
• Dot-decimal notation is the most common way to express IPv4 addresses.
• It consists of four decimal values, each ranging from 0 to 255, separated by dots, for example, 192.0.2.1.
• Each component represents an octet, or 8-bit section, of the address.
• Technical writing may occasionally use different hexadecimal, octal, or binary representations of IPv4 addresses.

Additional Information

• Since an IPv4 address can only be 32 bits long, there are only 4294967296 (232) addresses in the address space.
• However, a new version of IP (IPv6), utilising 128 bits for the IP address, was established in 1998 in response to the expansion of the Internet and the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses.
• Deployment of IPv6 has been happening since the middle of the 2000s.
• Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), a global organisation, and five regional Internet registries (RIRs) oversee the management of the IP address space
• IANA distributed IPv4 addresses to the RIRs in blocks of roughly 16.8 million addresses each, however, the supply has been depleted at the IANA level since 2011.

The correct answer is cT. 

Key Points

• cT symbol is used to represent air mass above hot and dry desert regions.
• Hot dry international tropical( cT) air forms over hot desertlike international disciplines in summer in association with low-pressure areas, which are occasionally called heat lows.
• Continental tropical( cT) air millions are hot, dry, unstable at low situations and generally stable above( upper- position crest) Continental tropical air millions appear in northern Mexico.
• They generally form over the Desert Southwest and northern Mexico during summer.

Additional Information

• An air mass is like a platoon whose players are all wearing the same livery. In this case, the players are air, not people.
• The border between two air masses at the Earth’s face is called rainfall front.
• | cA | Found in Northern Canada, Alaska as a result of radiational cooling. | | --- | --- | | cP | cP is used to refer to Continental Polar region. | | cT | cT is used to refer to the continental tropical region. | | mP | mPis used to refer to the maritime polar region. usually occurs in  Southweswar countries and Northeast countries. |

Given: Number of members in a family = 7, namely A, B, C, D, E, F, G.

Explanation:

• D is the mother of F.

• D is G's father's mother.

• F is the only son of E.

• G is the brother of A and C.

• E is the father's father of C.

Hence, Father's father is the correct answer.

Given:

secθ − tanθ = 2.5

Concept used:

sec2θ − tan2θ = 1

(a² - b²) = (a + b)(a - b)

Calculation:

secθ − tanθ = 2.5      ----(i)

Now,

sec²θ − tan²θ = 1

⇒ (secθ + tanθ)(secθ − tanθ) = 1

⇒ (secθ + tanθ) × 2.5 = 1

⇒ secθ + tanθ = 1/2.5      ----(ii)

By adding eq (i) and eq (ii) we get

2secθ = 2.5 + (1/2.5)

⇒ 2secθ = [(6.25 + 1)/2.5]

⇒ secθ = [(7.25)/5]

⇒ secθ = 1.45

∴ Value of Secθ is 1.45.