RRB NTPC CBT 2 (Level-5) Official Paper (Held On: 15 June 2022 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

Shortcut Trick

Using the alligation cross method, the ratio of quantities = (48 − 40) : (40 − 35) = 8 : 5

Here, 5 parts correspond to 8 litres of the 48% solution.

So, 1 part = 8 ÷ 5 = 1.6 litres.

Quantity of 35% solution = 8 parts = 8 × 1.6 = 12.8 litres.

∴ The correct answer is 12.8 litres.

Alternate Method

Given:

Concentration of first sugar solution = 35%

Concentration of second sugar solution = 48%

Quantity of second solution = 8 litres

Desired mixture concentration = 40%

35% Solution 48% Solution 35% 48%

40%

8 5 Ratio = 8 : 5

Calculations:

Let the quantity of the 35% sugar solution be x litres.

⇒ Total sugar in 35% solution + Total sugar in 48% solution = Total sugar in final mixture

⇒ (35 ÷ 100) × x + (48 ÷ 100) × 8 = (40 ÷ 100) × (x + 8)

⇒ 35x + 384 = 40(x + 8)

⇒ 35x + 384 = 40x + 320

⇒ 40x − 35x = 384 − 320

⇒ 5x = 64

⇒ x = 64 ÷ 5 = 12.8

∴ The correct answer is 12.8 litres.

Additional Information

Rule of Alligation

When two mixtures of different concentrations are mixed, the ratio of their quantities is inversely proportional to the absolute difference of their concentrations from the average mixture concentration.

Repeated Replacement Formula

If from a vessel containing volume V of pure liquid, a quantity R is drawn out and replaced by water n times, the final quantity of pure liquid left = V × (1 − R ÷ V)ⁿ.

The logic followed here is :-

1) Rohan is facing west and then he turns 45 degrees anti-clockwise.

2. Then Rohan turns 180 degrees towards his right.

∴ Here, Rohan is facing towards "North-East".

Hence, the correct answer is "North-East".

The Correct answer is 11th.

Key Points

• Manmohan Singh served as leader during 11^th five year plan's tenure, which lasted from 2007 to 2012.
• C. Rangarajan was the one who prepared it.
• The total outlay of the Eleventh Plan has been placed at Rs.3644718 crore.
• The Central Government will provide Rs.2156571 crore, and the State Governments will contribute Rs.1488147 crore.
• From 2.13 percent in the Tenth Plan, the Eleventh Plan proposes raising the growth rate for the agriculture sector to 4%.
• The industries and services sectors' growth targets range from 9 to 11 percent.
• The creation of 7 crore new jobs, a 10% reduction in poverty, and guaranteeing that every village has access to electricity are all significant goals.
• Increased spending on the infrastructure sector, which includes sewage, drinking water, and irrigation, from 5% of the GDP in 2005–2006 to 9% in 2011–12.

Given:

sin60° + tan30° + cos45° 

Concept used:

Calculation:

sin60° + tan30° + cos45° 

⇒ ${\sqrt3} \over 2$ + $1 \over {\sqrt3}$ + $1 \over {\sqrt2}$

⇒ ${\sqrt3} \over 2$ + $\sqrt 3 \over {3}$ + $\sqrt 2 \over {2}$

⇒ ${3\sqrt3 + 2\sqrt3 + 3\sqrt2} \over {6}$

⇒ ${5\sqrt3 + 3\sqrt2} \over {6}$

⇒ $\frac{3\sqrt{2}+5\sqrt{3}}{6}$

∴ The value of sin60° + tan30° + cos45° is $\frac{3\sqrt{2}+5\sqrt{3}}{6}$.

The correct answer is Call centres.

Key Points

• Call centres service was NOT present in India for the common man at the time of Independence.
• India started to become a popular location for call centres that engage with consumers who are based in developed markets that speak English, like the US, the UK, and Australia, around 1999–2000.
• Since then, the call centre work of the vast majority of consumer companies on the Fortune 500 list has been outsourced to India, and it has been a wonderful growth story. A multi-billion dollar industry has been developed in India around it.
• In 1998, Mr Bhasin established the nation's first call centre with only 18 workers fielding calls in a space where booths were divided by saris suspended from the ceiling.

Important Points

• India Post, a division of the Department of Post under the Ministry of Communications, is a postal service that is run by the government.
• It is the most widely used postal system in the entire globe and is commonly referred to as the Post Office. In 1766, Warren Hastings undertook the initiative on behalf of the East India Company to launch the nation's first postal service. When it first started, it was known as "Company Mail."
• From Calcutta to Diamond Harbour, the first experimental electric telegraph connection was established.
• It was made available to the British East India Company in 1851.
• For telegraph facilities, a separate department was established in 1854. The Indian Telegraph Act was first introduced in India in 1885.
• The first passenger train travelled the 34 km route between Thane and Bori Bunder on April 16, 1853.
• It had thirteen carriages and was driven by three engines with the names Sahib, Sultan, and Sindh.

The logic followed here is:

Given word: STADIUM

On arranging as per English alphabetical order : A < D  < I < M < S < T < U

∴ Here, all letters of the word 'STADIUM' have changed their position.

Hence, the correct answer is "All letters change their position".

Given:

The LCM of two numbers is 28 times their HCF, and the difference in the LCM and HCF is 405.

The numbers are in the ratio 4 ∶ 7

Concept used:

HCF of two or more numbers is the greatest factor that divides the numbers.

Calculation:

Let the LCM and HCF of the aforementioned two numbers be L and H respectively.

Now, the numbers are 4H and 7H respectively.

According to the question,

L = 28 × H      ....(1)

L - H = 405

⇒ 28H - H = 405 (From 1)

⇒ 27H = 405

⇒ H = 405/27

⇒ H = 15      ....(2)

Now, the difference between the numbers

⇒ 7H - 4H

⇒ 3H

⇒ 3 × 15 (From 2)

⇒ 45

∴ The positive difference between the two numbers is 45.

The correct answer is Archimedes' Principle.

Key Points

• The upward buoyant force that is applied to a body submerged in a fluid, whether wholly or partially, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces and acts in the upward direction at the centre of mass of the displaced fluid, according to Archimedes' principle.
• The Archimedes law, which was developed by Archimedes of Syracuse in Greece, provides the thrust force value.
• When an object is submerged in a liquid, whether completely or partially, the apparent weight loss is equal to the weight of the liquid that it has displaced.

Important Points

• According to Bernoulli's principle, the total mechanical energy of a moving fluid, which includes the kinetic energy of the fluid's motion as well as the gravitational potential energy of elevation and pressure, remains constant.
• According to the Beer-Lambert law, there is a linear relationship between a solution's concentration and absorbance, making it possible to determine a solution's concentration by observing its absorbance.
• According to Blaise Pascal's law, a pressure change in a confined, incompressible fluid that happens at any place is distributed evenly throughout the fluid, causing the identical change to occur everywhere.

Shortcut Trick

Sum of parallel sides = (2 × Area) ÷ Height

⇒ Sum = (2 × 140) ÷ 7 = 280 ÷ 7 = 40 cm

Other parallel side = Sum − Given side

⇒ Other side = 40 − 28 = 12 cm

∴ The correct answer is 12 cm.

Alternate Method

Given:

Area of trapezium = 140 cm²

Perpendicular distance (h) = 7 cm

One parallel side (a) = 28 cm

Formula Used:

Area of Trapezium = (1/2) × (a + b) × h

Where 'a' and 'b' are the lengths of the parallel sides and 'h' is the height.

h = 7 cm a = 28 cm b = ? Area = 140 cm²

Calculation:

⇒ 140 = (1/2) × (28 + b) × 7

⇒ 140 × 2 = (28 + b) × 7

⇒ 280 = (28 + b) × 7

⇒ 280 ÷ 7 = 28 + b

⇒ 40 = 28 + b

⇒ b = 40 − 28

⇒ b = 12 cm

∴ The correct answer is 12 cm.

Additional Information

Perimeter of a Trapezium

The perimeter is the sum of all its four sides. Perimeter = a + b + c + d, where a and b are parallel sides and c and d are non-parallel sides.

Median of a Trapezium

The median (or mid-segment) connects the midpoints of the non-parallel sides. Its length is the average of the parallel sides: Median = (a + b) ÷ 2.

Isosceles Trapezium

In an isosceles trapezium, the non-parallel sides are equal in length, and the base angles are equal. The diagonals of an isosceles trapezium are also equal.

The logic followed here is:

1) Letters are arranged in ascending order (i.e. dictionary order).

2) And then letters are increased by +1.

BRELF : CFGMS 

• Letters are arranged in ascending order (i.e. dictionary order).

BRELF → Dictionary order → BEFLR.

• And then letters are increased by +1.

MJCLH : DIKMN

• Letters are arranged in ascending order (i.e. dictionary order).

MJCLH → Dictionary order → CHJLM.

• And then letters are increased by +1.

Similarly, 

EODET : ?

• Letters are arranged in ascending order (i.e. dictionary order).

EODET → Dictionary order → DEEOT.

• And then letters are increased by +1.

Hence, the correct answer is "EFFPU".

Shortcut Trick

Total Simple Interest (SI) earned in 8 years = 11,700 − 7,500 = ₹4,200.

SI for 1 year = 4,200 ÷ 8 = ₹525.

Rate of interest (R%) = (Yearly Interest ÷ Principal) × 100.

R% = (525 ÷ 7,500) × 100 = 525 ÷ 75 = 7%.

∴ The correct answer is 7%.

Alternate Method

Given:

Principal (P) = ₹7,500

Amount (A) = ₹11,700

Time (T) = 8 years

Formula Used:

1. Simple Interest (SI) = Amount (A) − Principal (P)

2. Rate (R) = (SI × 100) ÷ (P × T)

Calculations:

⇒ SI = 11,700 − 7,500 = 4,200

⇒ R = (4,200 × 100) ÷ (7,500 × 8)

⇒ R = 420,000 ÷ 60,000

⇒ R = 7%

∴ The correct answer is 7%.

Additional Information

Simple Interest Formula

SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100, where P is Principal, R is Rate per annum, and T is Time in years.

Total Amount Formula

A = P + SI = P × [1 + (R × T) ÷ 100].

Rate and Time Relation

For a constant Principal, the Simple Interest is directly proportional to both Rate and Time.

SI vs CI

In Simple Interest, the interest is calculated only on the initial principal, whereas in Compound Interest, interest is calculated on the principal plus accumulated interest.

The correct answer is A tax that the government imposes per unit sale of output.

Key Points

• A fixed tax on a product, unrelated to the purchase price, is known as a per-unit tax.
• It can be shown as a wedge between the supply and demand curves. P_S denotes the price sellers receive after taxes, while P_B denotes the amount purchasers pay.
• The tax revenue is indicated by the orange rectangle (the per unit tax times the quantity sold).
• The producer surplus is coloured in pink, the consumer surplus in blue, and the deadweight loss in purple.

Important Points

• A tariff is a charge a nation imposes on imports of goods and services from another nation.
• A unit tax is a tax levied by the government on each sale of output, per unit. A unit tax's implementation changes the marginal.
• The rising cost curve for the company The supply curve will move to the left as a result.

Given:

5, 2, 7, 8, 1 and 4

Concept used:

The median is defined to be the mean of the two middle values in the case of an even data set.

Calculation:

Given series in the sorted form

⇒ 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8

Now, the median of the distribution = (4 + 5)/2 = 4.5

∴ 4.5 is the median 5, 2, 7, 8, 1 and 4.

The correct answer is Satish Vyas.

Key Points

• Satish Vyas was conferred with the Tansen Samman 2020 by the Madhya Pradesh government in January 2021.
• Strict COVID-19 regulations were in place as the 96th Tansen Music Festival in Madhya Pradesh got underway in Gwalior.
• Pandit Satish Vyas, a renowned santoor player, received the prestigious Tansen Samman during the opening ceremony.

Important Points

• Every year in the month of December, the Gwalior district of Madhya Pradesh celebrates Tansen Samaroh.
• This year's festival is the 97th. The musical spectacular lasts for 5 days.
• Here, musicians and artists from all over the world come to honour the legendary Indian musical maestro Tansen.
• The Academy of the Department of Culture, Government of Madhya Pradesh, is in charge of organising the event close to Tansen's tomb.

Additional Information

• The Indian classical vocalist C. R. Vyas' son, Satish Vyas, is a singer. With Shivkumar Sharma, he began studying the santoor in 1978.
• The modern representative of the Paluskar style of North Indian classical singing is the Hindustani vocalist Pandit Vidyadhar Vyas.
• An Indian classical sitar player is Vidushi Manju Mehta.
• Dalchand Sharma is an eminent Pakhawaj exponent of “Nathdwara Gharana”.

Eight people F, H, K, N, P, S, V, X are sitting in a straight line and all are facing north.

1) F sits fourth to the right of H.

2) Only two people sit between F and K.

Case (i) :

Case (ii) :

3) Neither F nor H sits at any of the extreme ends of the line. More than two people sit between P and K and P does not sit at an extreme end.

So, here case (ii) gets eliminated.

4) S sits to the immediate right of V. X sits at one of the positions to the left of V.

∴ Here, the position of 'N' is 'first' from right end of the line.

Hence, the correct answer is "First".

The correct answer is second.

Key Points

• In the most recent World Athletics Men's Javelin Rankings, Neeraj Chopra rose 14 spots to take 2^nd position overall.
• Neeraj Chopra is only rated second to Johannes Vetter of Germany in the World Athletics rankings with 1315 points.
• Vetter has 1396 points, which puts him in first place.
• Neeraj Chopra became the first Indian track and field athlete to win the gold medal in the men's javelin event at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics.
• Neeraj won the competition with a throw of 87.58 meters.
• He celebrated his comeback on June 14, 2022, by setting a new national record at the Paavo Nurmi Games in Turku, Finland, of 89.30 meters.
• After only 15 days, he achieved 89.94m on June 30, 2022, at the Stockholm Diamond League in Sweden, shattering his own personal best of 89.30m.

Additional Information

• Indian track and field athlete Subedar Neeraj Chopra PVSM VSM is the current javelin throw Olympic champion.
• He is from India's Khandra, Haryana.

The correct answer is Ex post.

Key Points

• The actual or realised value of a variable, as opposed to its planned value, is called Ex post.
• Ex-post, which means "after the fact" in Latin, is another term for actual returns.
• The most well-known method for predicting the likelihood of experiencing a loss on investment on any given day has traditionally been to use previous results.
• Ex-post stands in contrast to ex-ante, which is Latin for "before the event." Companies gather ex-post data in order to project future earnings.
• Studies like value at risk (VaR), and probability research that estimates the greatest loss an investment portfolio may sustain on any given day, make use of ex-post information.

Important Points

• ExFlow is a special add-on module for Microsoft Dynamics AX and Microsoft Dynamics 365 for Finance & Operations that improves your accounts payable and procurement operations' productivity and efficiency over the long term.
• Ex-ante refers to future occurrences, such as potential returns on a certain security or firm returns.
• Instead of selling or exchanging items for money, parties to a barter agreement transfer goods or commodities for other goods.

Shortcut Trick

Let the Cost Price (CP) of 1 item be 1 unit.

Given: SP of 32 items = CP of 38 items.

Ratio method: SP ÷ CP = 38 ÷ 32 = 19 ÷ 16.

Profit units = 19 − 16 = 3 units.

Profit% = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100 ⇒ (3 ÷ 16) × 100 = 18.75%.

∴ The correct answer is 18.75%.

Alternate Method

Given: Selling Price (SP) of 32 items = Cost Price (CP) of 38 items.

Formulas: Profit = SP − CP | Profit% = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100

⇒ Let CP of 1 item = x. Then CP of 38 items = 38x.

⇒ SP of 32 items = 38x ⇒ SP of 1 item = 38x ÷ 32 = 1.1875x.

⇒ Profit per item = 1.1875x − x = 0.1875x.

⇒ Profit% = (0.1875x ÷ x) × 100 = 18.75%.

∴ The correct answer is 18.75%.

Additional Information

Inverse Relationship

When the SP of 'a' items equals the CP of 'b' items, the profit or loss percentage is calculated as [(b − a) ÷ a] × 100. If a, it is a Profit; if a > b, it is a Loss.

Percentage to Fraction

The fraction 3/16 is equivalent to 18.75% because 1/16 = 6.25%, and 3 × 6.25% = 18.75%.

The correct answer is Jharkhand.

Key Points

• In the Jharkhand region, many tribes participate in the popular event known as Sarhul.
• The Munda, Oraon, Ho, and other Jharkhand tribal groups commemorate the celebration, which is also known as the tribal New Year.
• The word "sarhul" implies "tree worship" or "worship of the sal tree."
• Due to their proximity to the natural world, tribal people begin the Sarhul festival by worshipping various natural objects, such as trees.
• After this festival, the natives begin the majority of agricultural chores like seeding, etc. In addition, the indigenous people bring new crops including paddy, fruits, tree leaves, and flowers for use in worship.

Important Points

• On the third Monday of the first month of the Hindu calendar or the fortnight of "Chaitra," Sarhul is observed during the springtime.
• The Sarhul celebration marks the start of "Phaagun," or the arrival of spring. It is observed through the month of June, or "Jeth."

The correct answer is Medium human development.

Key Points

• India is placed 131st out of 189 nations in the Human Development Report 2020, which was created by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
• The nation was classified as having a medium level of human development with an HDI score of 0.645.
  

It is challenging to appropriately compare India's rating between this year and 2019.

• The UNDP has updated and altered the underlying data and changed the goalpost.
• However, the UNDP provided some information in its country report charting India's progress in human development between 1990 and 2019.

Important Points

• The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary indicator of average performance in three important areas of human development: living a long and healthy life, having access to education, and having a respectable level of living.
• The geometric mean of the normalised indices in each of the three dimensions is the HDI.
• Life expectancy at birth is used to evaluate the health component, while the education dimension is evaluated using the average number of years spent in school for persons 25 years and older and the anticipated number of years spent in school for young children.

Additional Information

• HDI classification (value):
• Low (< 0.550)
• Medium (0.550-0.699)
• High (0.700-0.799)
• Very high (≥ 0.800)

A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting around a square table facing the centre of the table. Four of them are sitting at each of the corners, while the other four are sitting at the exact centre of each of the sides.

1) B sits at one of the corners of the table. Only two people sit between B and D.

Case (i) :

Case (ii) :

2) C sits second to the right of D.

Case (i) :

Case (ii) :

3) Only three people sit between C and A.

Case (i) :

Case (ii) :

4) E sits to the immediate left of A.

• Therefore, case 2 gets eliminated.

5) F sits second to the right of G.

∴ Here, 'C' sits second to the left of 'H'.

Hence, the correct answer is "C".

The logic followed here is :-

First number² + 11 = Second number.

1) 14 ∶ 207 → 14² + 11 = 196 + 11 = 207

2) 12 ∶ 155 → 12² + 11 = 144 + 11 = 155

3) 18 ∶ 345 → 18² + 11 = 324 + 11 = 335

4) 16 ∶ 267 → 16² + 11 = 256 + 11 = 267

∴ Here, '18 ∶ 345' is different from other three alternatives.

Hence, the correct answer is "18 ∶ 345".

Shilpa and Radhika started walking from two different points, 'A' and 'B', respectively.

1) Shilpa walks 4 km North, turns to the East and walks 6 km, again turns to the North and walks 8 km, and finally turns to the East and walks 10 km to reach point 'C'.

2) Radhika walks 4 km North, and turns to the West and walks 6 km, and finally turns to the North and walks 8 km and meets Shilpa at point 'C'.

The shortest distance between Shilpa's and Radhika's starting points = 6km + 10km + 6km.

The shortest distance between Shilpa and Radhika = 22km.

Hence, the correct answer is "22km".

The correct answer is Khetri.

Key Points

• Khetri is known for copper mines in India.
• The Khetri Copper Belt is an 80 km long metallogenetic province that stretches from Singhana in the north to Raghunathgarh in the south.
• Khetri is located at the foothills of the Aravalli Range, which supports copper mineralization.
• The belt is a component of the North Delhi fold belt and is made up of tightly folded Proterozoic metasediments that lay above basement gneisses.
• Khetri, Kolihan, Banwas, Chandmari, Dhani Basri, and Baniwali Ki Dhani are notable deposits of the belt (Neem Ka Thana, Rajasthan).
• Dholamala, Akwali, Muradpura-Pacheri (Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan), and Devtalai are additional deposits (Bhilwara, Rajasthan).

Important Points

• Maharastra is home to the Ratnagiri mines. It is a port city in Maharastra and a portion of the Konkan division. The British established this area. These mines contain minerals such as ilmenite and bauxite.
• The Kudremukh mines are located in Karnataka's the Western Ghats. One of the largest iron ore resources in the world may be found in these mines, which are well recognised for it.
• A mining area called Kolar Gold Fields is located in Karnataka, India's Kolar district and K.G.F taluk.

Shortcut Trick

Total Work = LCM(66, 55, 22) = 330 units.

Efficiency of A = 5, B = 6, and (A+B+C) = 15.

Efficiency of C = 15 − (5 + 6) = 4.

Time taken by C = 330 ÷ 4 = 82.5 days.

∴ The correct answer is 82.5 days.

Alternate Method

Given: Time taken by A = 66 days, B = 55 days, and (A + B + C) = 22 days.

We calculate the Total Work as the LCM of the individual number of days.

⇒ Efficiency of A = 330 ÷ 66 = 5 units/day.

⇒ Efficiency of B = 330 ÷ 55 = 6 units/day.

⇒ Combined Efficiency of A, B and C = 330 ÷ 22 = 15 units/day.

⇒ Efficiency of C = Efficiency(A+B+C) − [Efficiency(A) + Efficiency(B)]

⇒ Efficiency of C = 15 − (5 + 6) = 15 − 11 = 4 units/day.

⇒ Time taken by C alone = Total Work ÷ Efficiency of C

⇒ Time taken by C = 330 ÷ 4 = 82.5 days.

∴ The correct answer is 82.5 days.

Additional Information

Work and Efficiency Relation

Efficiency is the amount of work done in one day. Efficiency = Total Work ÷ Time Taken.

Time and Efficiency Inverse Rule

Time taken to complete a job is inversely proportional to the efficiency of the person (Time ∝ 1 ÷ Efficiency).

Combined Work Formula

If two people X and Y can do a job in 'x' and 'y' days respectively, they together complete it in (x × y) ÷ (x + y) days.

The correct answer is Article 49.

Key Points

• Article 49:
• It shall be the obligation of the State to protect every monument or place or object of artistic or historic interest, declared by or [under law made by Parliament] to be of national importance, from spoliation, disfigurement, destruction, removal, disposal or export, as the case may be.

Additional Information

• Article 43:
• The State shall endeavour to secure, by suitable legislation or economic organisation or in any other way, to all workers, agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work, a living wage, conditions of work ensuring a decent standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural opportunities and, in particular, the State shall endeavour to promote cottage industries on an individual or co-operative basis in rural areas.
• Article 48A:
• The State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wild life of the country.
• Article 48:
• The State shall endeavour to organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines and shall, in particular, take steps for preserving and improving the breeds, and prohibiting the slaughter, of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle.

Given:

The perimeters of the two squares differ by 48 cm.

The side of one square is four times the side of the other square.

Concept used:

Area of a square = A²

Perimeter of square = 4A

Where A is the length of each side

Calculation:

Let the length of the side of the smaller square be Q cm.

The perimeter of the smaller square = 4Q cm

Length of the side of larger square = 4Q cm

Perimeter of the larger square = 4 × 4Q = 16Q cm

According to the question,

16Q - 4Q = 48

⇒ 12Q = 48

⇒ Q = 4

Now, 4Q = 4 × 4 = 16

Area of the larger square = 16² = 256 cm²

∴ The area of the larger square is 256 cm².

The correct answer is Two.

Key Points

• A specific form of chromosome involved in determining sex is called a sex chromosome.
• Humans typically have 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs of them in each cell.
• The appearance of 22 of these pairs, known as autosomes, is the same in both sexes.
• The 23rd pair of chromosomes, known as the sex chromosomes, is unique to males and females.
• The two sex chromosomes, X and Y, found in humans and the majority of other mammals, together define an individual's sex.
• Male cells include one X and one Y chromosome.
• Female cells contain two X chromosomes.

Additional Information

• The X chromosome has a long and short arm, similar to a large autosomal chromosome.
• One long arm and a very short second arm make up the Y chromosome.
• This process to becoming male or female begins during meiosis, when a cell divides to form gametes, or sex cells with half as many chromosomes as normal.
• The male XY sex-chromosome pair divides during meiosis and transmits either an X or a Y to distinct gametes; as a result, one-half of the newly created gametes (sperm) have the X chromosome and the other half the Y chromosome.
• All female egg cells typically possess a single X chromosome, and the female has two X chromosomes. When X-bearing sperm fertilizes eggs, the result is girls (XX), while Y-bearing sperm produces men (XY).

The correct answer is Rotterdam.

Key Points

• Rotterdam ports in NOT located in Asia.
• The Port of Rotterdam, which is situated in and around the city of Rotterdam, in the Dutch province of South Holland, is the largest seaport in Europe and the largest seaport outside of East Asia.
• By annual cargo tonnage, it was the busiest port in the world from 1962 until 2004.
• The port of Singapore overtook it first in 2004; since then, Shanghai and other sizable Chinese seaports have surpassed it.
• In terms of the volume of twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) handled, Rotterdam was the tenth-largest container port in the world in 2020.

Important Points

• The main port in Japan is the Port of Osaka, which is situated in Osaka within Osaka Bay. The Port of Busan is one of many sister ports of the Port of Osaka.
• A deep-sea port and a river port make up the Port of Shanghai, which is close to Shanghai. The Shanghai International Port Group, Shanghai's primary port corporation, was created when the Shanghai Port Authority was reorganised.
• The collective buildings and terminals that manage Singapore's harbours and shipping are referred to as the Port of Singapore.

The logic followed here is:

• In a queue of commanders, Andry is 17th from the extreme front-end and Brooke is 32nd from the extreme back-end.

• After interchanging their positions, Andry becomes 37th from the front end.

• Total number of commanders = Position of Andry from the front end after interchanging positions + Position of Andry from the back end after interchanging positions - 1 = 37 + 32 - 1

∴ Total number of commanders = 68

Hence, the correct answer is "68".

The logic followed here is :-

'COCK' is written as 'EQEM'.

And

'DUCK' is written as 'FWEM'.

Similarly,

'SWAN' will be written as :

Hence, the correct answer is "UYCP".

The correct answer is Advanced Chaff Technology.

Key Points

• Advanced Chaff Technology was developed by Defence Research and Development Organisation to protect naval ships against missile attacks in April 2021.
• To protect naval ships from enemy missile attacks, the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) has created an Advanced Chaff Technology.
• It is an additional step in the direction of Atmanirbhar Bharat.
• Chaff is an electronic countermeasure device that is employed by militaries all over the world to shield naval ships or other sensitive targets from the radar and radio frequency (RF) guiding mechanisms of the adversary missile.
• The deployed chaff rockets in the air serve as various targets for missile guidance systems and deflect enemy missiles, thereby defending their own assets.
• Short Range Chaff Rocket (SRCR), Medium Range Chaff Rocket (MRCR), and Long Range Chaff Rocket are the three indigenous versions of the crucial technology that DRDO has developed (LRCR).

Important Points

• The temperature of an object is measured using infrared (IR) imaging technology. All objects give off electromagnetic radiation, mostly in the infrared (IR) range, which is invisible to the unaided eye.
• Lightweight surveillance radar that can be operated by one person only is known as man-portable radar.
• Covered shooting ranges called baffle firing ranges guard against mishaps caused by stray bullet wounds.

Given:

The data was represented by a pie chart, and the sector representing people who liked soccer had a central angle of 54°.

Concept used:

360° of a pie chart represents the 100% of it.

Calculation:

According to the concept,

54° represents = ${54\over 360} \times 100\%$

⇒ 15%

∴ 15% of the people surveyed liked soccer.

Six students, P, Q, R, S, T and U have been instructed to keep their books on six different shelves of a bookshelf having only six shelves one over the other.

1) Books of S are kept on the topmost shelf.

2) Books of P and U are kept on third shelves from the extreme top and extreme bottom, respectively.

3) Only books of R are kept between the shelves containing books of U and Q.

∴ Here, the books of student 'T' is kept on 2^nd shelve from extreme top.

Hence, the correct answer is "2^nd".

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "JKQ".

Shortcut Trick

In a proportion a : b :: c : d, the product of extremes equals the product of means.

(15% × A) × 11 = (25% × B) × 8

15 × A × 11 = 25 × B × 8 (Percentage cancels out)

A / B = (25 × 8) / (15 × 11) = (5 × 8) / (3 × 11) = 40 / 33

∴ The correct answer is 40 : 33.

Alternate Method

Given:

15% of A : 25% of B = 8 : 11

Formula Used:

Ratio of x% of A to y% of B is (x × A) / (y × B).

Calculations:

⇒ (15/100) × A / (25/100) × B = 8 / 11

⇒ (15 × A) / (25 × B) = 8 / 11

⇒ (3 × A) / (5 × B) = 8 / 11

⇒ 3A × 11 = 8 × 5B

⇒ 33A = 40B

⇒ A / B = 40 / 33

∴ The correct answer is 40 : 33.

Additional Information

Properties of Proportion

If a : b :: c : d, then the product of extremes (a × d) is always equal to the product of means (b × c).

Percentage Ratios

When comparing percentages of two different quantities, the common denominator (100) can be canceled out directly: x% of A / y% of B = (x × A) / (y × B).

Compounded Ratio

The compounded ratio of (a : b) and (c : d) is (a × c) : (b × d). This is useful when multiple ratios are linked.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :

Conclusions:

(I) Some papers are clothes → True (As Some papers are tables and All tables are clothes so, Some papers are clothes is true)

(II) Some ropes are clothes → True (As Some ropes are tables and All tables are clothes so, Some ropes are clothes is true)

(III) No cloth is a rope → False (As Some ropes are tables and All tables are clothes so, No cloth is a rope is false)

(IV) No paper is a rope → False (it is possible but not definite)

∴ Here, conclusions I and II are true.

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusions I, II follow".

The correct answer is Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

Key Points

• The Brahmo Sabha served as the forerunner of the Brahmo Samaj, a social-religious reform movement in the Indian subcontinent.
• It was founded in 1828 with help from Indian reformer Ram Mohan Roy.
• Akbar II, the Mughal emperor, bestowed the title "Raja" upon him.
• Ram Mohan Roy was well-known for his efforts to end child marriage and the sati customs.
• Many historians regard Roy as the "Father of the Bengal Renaissance."

Additional Information

• Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar:
• In the nineteenth century, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar was a social reformer and educator from India.
• His efforts to simplify and modernise Bengali prose were significant.
• He is regarded as the "Father of Bengali Prose."
• Debendranath Tagore:
• Indian Hindu philosopher and religious reformer Debendranath Tagore was prominent in the Brahmo Samaj.
• In 1848, he established the Brahmo religion, which is now known as Brahmoism.
• Keshab Chandra Sen:
• Hindu philosopher and social reformer Keshab Chandra Sen made an effort to integrate Christian theology within the Hindu philosophical tradition.
• He was a Hindu who was born in British India's Bengal Presidency and joined the Brahmo Samaj in 1857 before starting his own breakaway group, the "Bharatvarshiya Brahmo Samaj," in 1866.

Family chart :-

Family Tree :

1) C is the son of F and D and G is the son of C and E.

2) D is the mother of R and B's mother is the daughter of F.

∴ Here, 'F' is paternal grandfather of 'G' and paternal grandfather = father's father.

Hence, the correct answer is "Father's father".

Given:

18% of 450 = 30% of k

Calculation:

18% of 450 = 30% of k

⇒ 0.18 × 450 = 0.3 × k

⇒ 81 = 0.3k

⇒ k = 81/0.3

⇒ k = 270

∴ The value of k is 270.

The correct answer is Change Case.

Key Points

• In MS-Word 2016, the 'Aa' feature within the Font group of the Home tab represents the Change Case option.
• The case menu offers four options;
• Sentence case: It capitalizes the first letter of each sentence.
• Lowercase: It changes the text from uppercase to lowercase.
• Uppercase: It capitalizes all the letters of your text.
• Capitalize Each Word: It capitalizes the first letter of each word.
• Toggle Case: This feature enables you to switch between two different case views, such as Capitalize Each Word and Capitalize Each Word.

The correct answer is Article 112.

Key Points

• The Annual Financial Statement, which is presented as a part of the budget, is covered under Article 112 of the Constitution of India.
• It states that the annual financial statement, also known as the statement of the estimated income and expenditures of the Government of India for each fiscal year, shall be placed before both Houses of Parliament by the President.
• Every financial year, as part of the budgeting process, a document called the Annual Financial Statement is delivered to Parliament.
• The records include the government's receipts and outlays for the current fiscal year, the prior fiscal year, and the budget year in three distinct parts: the Consolidated Fund of India, the Contingency Fund of India, and the Public Account of India.

Important Points

We know that: 

In an ordinary year, there are 365 days and on dividing 365 by 7,

• We get remainder = 1 so this extra one day is taken as odd day.

Similarly, in an leap year, there are 366 days and on dividing 366 by 7,

• we get remainder = 2 so this extra two days is taken as odd days.

Thus, the remainder, which we get after dividing the number of days by 7 is considered as odd days.

Given 10th May of a given year is Monday.

Number of days in month of May = 31 days

Number of days in month of June = 30 days

Number of days in month of July = 31 days

Number of days from 10th May to 11th July of the same year = 21 + 30 + 11

∴ Number of days from 10th May to 11th July of the same year = 62

The number of odd days from 10th May to 11th July = 6

∴ On 10th May of a given year, it was Monday + 6 = Sunday.

∴ Here, 'Sunday' is day of the week on 11th July of the same year.

Hence, the correct answer is "Sunday".

Calculation:

Let the age of Rohan, Sheela, and Mala be R, SH, and M respectively.

According to the statement II,

M > R      ....(1)

According to the statement III,

M = SH + 10

⇒ SH = M - 10      ....(2)

According to the statement I,

R + SH + M = 95      ....(3)

⇒ R + M - 10 + M = 95

⇒ R + 2M = 95 + 10

⇒ R + 2M = 105      ....(4)

Even using (1), (2), (3), and (4) simultaneously, we can not evaluate M.

∴ Statement I, II, and III together are not sufficient.

The correct answer is establishment of UPSC and SPSC.

Key Points

• Article 315:
• There shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each State.
• Two or more States may agree that there shall be one Public Service Commission for that group of States, and if a resolution to that effect is passed by the House or, where there are two Houses, by each House of the Legislature of each of those States, Parliament may by law provide for the appointment of a Joint State Public Service Commission to serve the needs of those States.
• Any such law as aforesaid may contain such incidental and consequential provisions as may be necessary or desirable for giving effect to the purposes of the law.
• The Public Service Commission for the Union, if requested so to do by the Governor of a State, may, with the approval of the President, agree to serve all or any of the needs of the State.
• References in this Constitution to the Union Public Service Commission or a State Public Service Commission shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to the Commission serving the needs of the Union or, as the case may be, the State as respects the particular matter in question.

The correct answer is Chandela dynasty.

Key Points

• The Kandariya Mahadeva temple dedicated to Lord Shiva was constructed in c.999 CE by king Dhangadeva of the Chandela dynasty.
• King Dhangadeva of the Chandela dynasty built the Shiva-dedicated Kandariya Mahadeva temple in 999.
• An elaborate gateway at the temple's entrance was decorated.
• Its maha mandapa main hall was where dance performances took place.
• An Indian dynasty in Central India was known as the Chandelas of Jejakabhukti.
• Between the 9th the 13th centuries, the Chandelas dominated a large portion of the Bundelkhand region. They belonged to the Rajput Chandel clan.
• The Gurjara-Pratiharas of Kanyakubja were the earliest feudatories of the Chandelas.

Important Points

• Between the sixth and tenth centuries, the Indian kingdom Rashtrakuta (r. 753–982 CE) ruled over a sizable portion of the Indian subcontinent.
• Between the sixth through the twelfth centuries, the Chalukya dynasty, a Classical Indian monarchy, ruled over a sizable portion of southern and central India.
• An Indian dynasty known as the Kalachuris, also referred to as the Kalachuris of Mahishmati, ruled in west-central India throughout the sixth and seventh centuries.

Given:

3 × 16.13 + 15.03 – 7.86 + $\sqrt{15}$

Calculation:

Approximating the values we get,

3 × 16 + 15 - 8 + √16

⇒ 48 + 15 - 8 + 4

⇒ 59

Option 3 i.e. 61 is the closest possible number to 59.

∴ The value of 3 × 16.13 + 15.03 – 7.86 + $\sqrt{15}$ is 59.

Ten people are sitting in two parallel rows 1 and 2. A, B, C, D and E are sitting in row I facing south, and V, W, X, Y and Z are sitting in row 2 facing north, in such a way that each member in row 1 faces a member of row 2.

1) W sits second from the left end of the row. W faces an immediate neighbour of A.

Case (i) :

Case (ii) :

2) B sits second to the left of A.

Case (i) :

Case (ii) :

3) Only one person sits between C and the one who faces V. Neither C nor V sit at any of the extreme ends.

• Therefore, case (ii) gets eliminated.

4) V faces an immediate neighbour of D and The one who faces E sits to the immediate left of X.

5) Only one person sits between Y and X.

∴ Here, 'Z' faces 'A'.

Hence, the correct answer is "A".

The logic followed here is:

• (1st number + 2nd number) ÷ 4 = Number on the right side

69, 87 = 39

⇒ (69 + 87) ÷ 4 = 156 ÷ 4 = 39

And, 

93, 95 = 47

⇒ (93 + 95) ÷ 4 = 188 ÷ 4 = 47

Similarly, 

52, 64 = ?

⇒ (52 + 64) ÷ 4 = 116 ÷ 4 = 29

Hence, the correct answer is "29".

The logic followed here is :-

'TEACHER' is written as 'CAHEETR'.

and

'STUDENT' is written as 'DUETNST'. 

Similarly,

'SUCCESS' will be written as :

Hence, the correct answer is "CCEUSSS".

The correct answer is Africa.

Key Points

• The 2019 revision of the World Population Prospects is the twenty-sixth edition of the official United Nations population estimates and projections.
• It presents population estimates from 1950 to the present for 235 countries or areas, underpinned by analyses of historical demographic trends.
• The world's population is expected to increase by 2 billion persons in the next 30 years, from 7.7 billion currently to 9.7 billion in 2050, according to this report.
• Africa has the highest rate of population growth among major areas. The population of sub-Saharan Africa is projected to double by 2050.
• Africa is the second-largest and second-most populous continent in the world, making up 20% of the planet's land area and 6% of its total surface.
• As of 2018, it had 1.3 billion inhabitants, or nearly 17% of all humans on the earth.

Additional Information

• Asia:
• The Eastern and Northern Hemispheres are home to Asia, the planet's largest and most populous continent.
• Asia is home to 49 countries, according to the UN.
• Europe:
• The second-smallest continent in the globe, Europe is made up of Eurasia's western-facing peninsulas and makes up almost one-fifth of the planet's total land area.
• North America:
• It includes the world's largest island Greenland and the sovereign states of Canada, the United States, and Mexico. About 498 million people live in Northern America (in 2019.)

The logic followed here is :-

Thus food is cooked by 'chef'.

∴ Here, 'chef' is coded as 'glass'.

Hence, the correct answer is "glass".

The correct answer is Jatropha.

Key Points

• Jatropha is NOT a coniferous tree.
• The flowering plant genus Jatropha belongs to the Euphorbiaceae (spurge) family.
• It has about 170 species of succulent trees, shrubs, and plants (some are deciduous, like Jatropha curcas).
• With 66 species found in the Old World, the Americas are home to the majority of these species.
• Traditional uses for jatropha species include basket making, tanning, and dying.

Important Points

• Common softwood tree species known as conifers are distinguished by their needle-like leaves and seed-bearing cones.
• Although some conifers are deciduous and lose their leaves in the fall, the majority of conifer species are evergreen.

Additional Information

• Cedar is a genus of coniferous trees in the family Pinaceae of plants (subfamily Abietoideae). They can be found at elevations of 1,000 to 2,200 metres in the Mediterranean and 1,500 to 3,200 metres in the western Himalayas, where they are native.
• Any conifer tree or shrub in the genus Pinus of the family Pinaceae is referred to as a pine.
• Spruce is a member of the family Pinaceae and belongs to the genus Picea, which contains roughly 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees that are native to the northern temperate and boreal parts of the planet.

Given:

Given fractions are $\frac{22}{25}$, $\frac{37}{40}$, $\frac{8}{9}$, $\frac{17}{20}$.

Calculation: 

LCM (25, 40, 9, 20) = 1800

$\frac{22}{25}$ ⇒ $\frac{22}{25}$ × 1800 = 1584

$\frac{37}{40}$ ⇒ $\frac{37}{40}$ × 1800 = 1665

$\frac{8}{9}$ ⇒ $\frac{8}{9}$ × 1800 = 1600

$\frac{17}{20}$ ⇒ $\frac{17}{20}$ × 1800 = 1530

∴ $\frac{37}{40}$ is the greatest among all the following fractions.

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh.

Key Points

• Huge statues of Kushana emperors have been discovered erected at a sanctuary at Mat, close to Mathura (Uttar Pradesh).
• Additionally, a shrine in Afghanistan contained similar figures. This, in the opinion of some historians, shows that the Kushanas thought of themselves as divine.
• Many Kushana kings also took the term devaputra, which means "son of god," presumably as a result of Chinese emperors referring to themselves as sons of heaven.
• Evidence of larger nations, including the Gupta Empire, dates to the fourth century.
• Many of these were dependent on samantas, or self-sufficient men who controlled local resources like the land.​

Important Points

• Kushanas, who ruled over a wide kingdom spanning from Central Asia to northwest India, lived in the first century BCE or first century CE.
• The inscriptions and textual traditions have been used to reconstruct their history.
• Perhaps their coinage and art best demonstrate the ideas of kingship they intended to represent.

Given:

cos A = $\frac{\sqrt{3} }{2}$ (A is an acute angle)

Concept used:

Calculation:

cos A = $\frac{\sqrt{3} }{2}$

⇒ cosA = cos30°

⇒ A = 30°

Now,

$\frac{tan A - cotA}{\sqrt{3}-secA }$

⇒ $\frac{tan 30^\circ - cot30^\circ}{\sqrt{3}-sec30^\circ}$

⇒ $\frac{{1 \over \sqrt3} - \sqrt3}{\sqrt{3}- {2 \over \sqrt3}}$

⇒ ${{1 - 3} \over \sqrt3} \over { {3 - 2} \over \sqrt3 }$

⇒ -2

∴ The value of $\frac{tan A - cotA}{\sqrt{3}-secA }$ is -2.

Given:

$\frac{2.91^2-1.09^2}{1.82}$

Concept used:

A² - B² = (A + B) (A - B)

Calculation:

$\frac{2.91^2-1.09^2}{1.82}$

⇒ $\frac{(2.91+1.09)(2.91 - 1.09)}{1.82}$

⇒ $\frac{4 \times 1.82}{1.82}$

⇒ 4

∴ The value of $\frac{2.91^2-1.09^2}{1.82}$ is 4.

The correct answer is USSR Constitution.

Key Points

• The notion of fundamental duties first appeared in the Soviet Union's Constitution, ie, Constitution of USSR.
• In 1976, the Swaran Singh Committee recommended the establishment of Fundamental Duties.
• The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added 10 Fundamental Duties to the Indian Constitution.
• Following that, the 86th Amendment Act of 2002 added what is now known as the 11th Fundamental Duty to the list.

Additional Information

• List of 11 Fundamental Duties:
• Abide by the Constitution and respect national flag & National Anthem
• Follow ideals of the freedom struggle
• Protect sovereignty & integrity of India
• Defend the country and render national services when called upon
• Sprit of common brotherhood
• Preserve composite culture
• Preserve natural environment
• Develop scientific temper
• Safeguard public property
• Strive for excellence
• Duty of all parents/guardians to send their children in the age group of 6-14 years to school.

Given:

A sum of money invested at a certain rate of compound interest per annum amounts to Rs. 96,800 in 2 years and to Rs. 1,06,480 in 3 years. 

Concept used:

Simple Interest, SI = (P × R × T)/100

Amount = P + SI

where

P = Principal amount

R = Rate of interest per year

T = Time in years

One year of simple interest on a certain sum of money is equal to the compound interest incurred on it for one year.

Calculation:

Rs. 96,800 that amounts to Rs. 1,06,480 in the 3rd year acts the principal amount for one-year simple interest.

Let the interest rate be R% per annum.

According to the concept,

96800 + (96800 × R × 1)/100 = 106480

⇒ (96800 × R × 1)/100 = 9680

⇒ R = (9680 × 100)/96800

⇒ R = 10

∴ The rate of compound interest is 10% per annum.

The logic followed here is :-

Hence, the correct answer is "2197".

Seven people A, B, C, D, E, F and G live in a seven-floor building. The lowermost floor is numbered as 1, the floor above it is numbered 2, and so on till the topmost floor is numbered 7.

1) Only four people live below the floor on which D lives and Only two people live below C and B lives on the lowermost floor.

2) E lives immediately above B and A lives on one of the floors above F but on one of the floors below G.

∴ Here, 'F' lives on floor numbered four.

Hence, the correct answer is "F".

Colleagues Karna, Michelli, Prabhu, Vanaja, Mohan, Raghu, Jockey and Neelima are sitting around a square table in such way that four of them sit at corners and four of them at the middle of the sides. The ones who sit at the corners face outside (opposite to the centre) and the ones who sit at the middle of the sides face towards centre.

1) Mohan is third to the left of Prabhu. Prabhu is not sitting at middle of any of the sides.

2) Only one person sits between Mohan and Raghu. Raghu is not an immediate neighbour of Prabhu.

3) Vanaja is seated third to the right of Jockey. Vanaja faces towards the centre.

Case (i) :

Case (ii) :

4) Neelima faces towards the centre. Karna is not an immediate neighbour of Raghu.

• Therefore, case (ii) gets eliminated.

∴ Here, 'Jockey' is immediate neighbour of both Mohan and Raghu.

Hence, the correct answer is "Jockey".

Given:

105 people could complete a work in 36 days.

After they worked together for 8 days their employer wanted that the work should be completed in a total of 29 days.

Concept used:

Total work = Efficiency of each worker × Number of days to finish × Number of total workers

Calculation:

Let the efficiency of each worker be M.

Now, the total work = 105 × M × 36

Let N number of workers need to be employed to get the work done in 29 days.

Work done in 8 days = 105 × M × 8 = 840M

Remaining days = 29 - 8 = 21 days

Work done in 21 days = (105 + N) × M × 21

According to the concept,

105 × M × 36 = 840M + (105 + N) × M × 21

⇒ 105 × 36 = 840 + (105 + N) × 21

⇒ 3780 = 840 + 2205 + 21N

⇒ 21N = 735

⇒ N = 735/21

⇒ N = 35

∴ 35 more workers need to be employed to meet the deadline.

The correct answer is 214.

Key Points

• Article 214: There shall be a High Court for each State.​

Additional Information

• Article 248:
• Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List.
• Such power shall include the power of making any law imposing a tax not mentioned in either of those Lists.
• Article 188:
• Every member of the Legislative Assembly or the Legislative Council of a State shall, before taking his seat, make and subscribe before the Governor, or some person appointed in that behalf by him, an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule.
• Article 148:
• There shall be a Comptroller and Auditor-General of India who shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal and shall only be removed from office in like manner and on the like grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :

Conclusions:

I. No bat is a cap → False (As Some bats are balls and All balls are caps so, No bat is a cap is false)

II. All caps are balls → False (it is possible but not definite)

III. Some hats are caps → False (As All caps are players and No player is a hat so, Some hats are caps is false)

IV. No hat is a ball → True (As All balls are caps and All caps are players and No player is a hat so, No hat is a ball is true)

∴ Here, Conclusion IV is true.

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion IV follows".

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Mother to Daughter (4 yrs ago) = 13 : 1 (Diff = 12)

Ratio (2 yrs hence) = 4 : 1 (Diff = 3 × 4 = 12) → 16 : 4

Change in units = 16 − 13 = 3 units; Total time gap = 4 + 2 = 6 years.

∴ 3 units = 6 years ⇒ 1 unit = 2 years. Mother's current age = (16 × 2) − 2 = 30; Daughter = (4 × 2) − 2 = 6.

Let after x years ratio be 3 : 1 ⇒ (30 + x) = 3(6 + x) ⇒ 30 + x = 18 + 3x ⇒ 2x = 12 ⇒ x = 6.

∴ The correct answer is 6 years.

Alternate Method

Given: Mother's age was 13 times daughter's 4 years ago. After 2 years, it will be 4 times.

Let the age of the daughter and mother 4 years ago be x and 13x respectively.

Current age: Mother = 13x + 4, Daughter = x + 4

Two years hence: Mother = 13x + 6, Daughter = x + 6

⇒ 13x + 6 = 4(x + 6)

⇒ 13x + 6 = 4x + 24

⇒ 9x = 18 ⇒ x = 2

⇒ Current Mother's age = 13(2) + 4 = 30 years

⇒ Current Daughter's age = 2 + 4 = 6 years

Let after 'n' years, mother's age be 3 times daughter's age:

⇒ 30 + n = 3(6 + n)

⇒ 30 + n = 18 + 3n

⇒ 2n = 12 ⇒ n = 6

∴ The correct answer is 6 years.

Additional Information

Constant Age Difference

The difference between the ages of two people remains constant regardless of how many years pass.

Ratio Balancing Method

To solve age problems quickly, balance the difference in ratio parts by multiplying the ratios by the difference of the opposite ratio's parts.

General Formula

If current ages are M and D, then after 'n' years, the ratio becomes (M + n) / (D + n) = R₁ / R₂.

The correct answer is northern India.

Key Points

• The construction of temples in North India is done in the Nagara style.
• There is only one pinnacle, or Shikhara, in the temple designed in this manner.
• Sun Temple in Modhera, Sun Temple in Khajuraho, Jagannath Temple in Puri, etc. are some of the most notable examples.
• High stone platforms serve as the foundation for the entire temple.
• They typically lack substantial enclosures and entrances.
• Above the Garbagriha, the temple featured a solitary summit, or shikhara.
• On the Shikara of a temple, there was a Kalasha.
• Mandapas, or gathering spaces, are located in front of the main shrine.
• The height is provided by Sikhara (the tower), which gently bends inward and is topped by an Amalaka (a spheroid plate with ribs around the edge).

The correct answer is Kerala.

Key Points

• Kerala has the highest sex ratio in India, according to the 2011 census, with 1084 girls for every 1000 males.
• Tamil Nadu ranks second with 996 girls for every 1000 males.
• With a sex ratio of 993, Andhra Pradesh ranks third, followed by Chhattisgarh (991) and Meghalaya  (989).
• With 879 girls for every 1000 males, Haryana has the poorest sex ratio among the states.
• The greatest sex ratio among Union Territories is 1037 in Puducherry, while the lowest sex ratio is 618 in Daman and Diu.

Additional Information

• Sex ratio is defined as the proportion of females to males per thousand.
• It is a crucial sociological indicator for determining the degree of gender equality that exists in a nation at any particular period.
• The sex ratio of the population affects, and is affected by**, birth, death, immigration, and emigration rates.**

The logic followed here is :-

WINTER : EINRTW

And

TRAY : ARTY

Similarly,

LADIES : ?

Hence, the correct answer is "ADEILS".

Given:

The difference between the external and internal curved surface areas of a 7 cm long cylindrical metallic pipe is 110 cm2 .

The pipe is made of 302.5 cm3 metal

Concept used:

In the case of a cylindrical pipe, volume = π × (R²₁ - R²₂) × H

Here R₁ and R₂ are the external and internal radius of the pipe and H = Height of the pipe

Curved surface area of a cylinder = 2πRH

Here R = Radius of the base and H = Height

A2 - B2 = (A + B) (A - B)

Calculation:

Let the outer and inner radius of the pipe be R and r centimeter respectively.

According to the question,

2πR × 7 - 2πr × 7 = 110

⇒ 2 × $\frac{22}{7}$ × 7 × (R - r) = 110

⇒ 44(R - r) = 110

⇒ (R - r) = 110/44

⇒ (R - r) = 2.5      ....(1)

According to the question,

π × (R² - r²) × 7 = 302.5

⇒ $\frac{22}{7}$ × 7 × (R² - r²) = 302.5

⇒ (R2 - r2) = 302.5/22

⇒ (R2 - r2) = 13.75

⇒ (R + r) (R - r) = 13.75

⇒ (R + r) × 2.5 = 13.75 (From 1)

⇒ (R + r) = 13.75/2.5

⇒ (R + r) = 5.5      ....(2)

Solving (1) and (2),

R = 4 and r = 1.5

∴ The inner radius of the pipe is 1.5 cm.

The correct answer is 8 nibbles.

Key Points

• The length of IPv4 address in terms of nibble is 8 nibbles.
• The most used IP version was IPv4. In 1983, it was delivered to the ARPANET for creation.
• It is a frequently used IP modification.
• The 32-bit address format is used by IPv4.
• There is a dot (.) between each binary bit in IPv4 and broadcast is supported. A dot represents a binary bit in IPv4 (.).
• IPv4 security allows encryption to maintain security and privacy.
• Redefining IPV4 addresses allows for faultless encoding. Because addressing is collectively done more successfully, routing is far more scalable and cost-effective.
• IP addresses come in two different sizes: IPv4 (four bytes) and IPv6 (Sixteen bytes).
• The RARP protocol allows a device with an IP address to retrieve information.
• The network layer is where IP Address operates.

Additional Information

• In the world of computers and digital technology, a nibble is four binary digits or one-half of an eight-bit byte.
• One hexadecimal digit can conveniently represent a nibble.

The correct answer is Kirana.

Key Points

• Pandit Bhimsen Joshi who received Bharat Ratna in 2009 was popular for the khayal form of singing and belonged to the Kirana Gharana.
• Pandit Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi, often known by his honorific title Pandit, was one of the best vocalists in the Hindustani classical genre.
• Both his popular versions of devotional music and his khayal style of singing are what make him famous (bhajans and abhangs).
• A well-known performer, Joshi travelled to Afghanistan, Italy, France, Canada, and the United States between 1964 and 1982.
• He was the first musician from India whose concerts in New York City were promoted through posters.
• In honour of his teacher, Sawai Gandharva, Joshi played a key role in the annual Sawai Gandharva Music Festival's establishment.

Important Points

• One of the Indian classical khyal gharanas is Kirana, and it places a high priority on note intonation (swara).
• One of the oldest Khyal Gharanas in Indian classical music is the Gwalior Gharana. The Mughal emperor Akbar's (1542–1605) reign marked the beginning of the Gwalior Gharana's ascent.
• One of the vocal gharanas (traditions, schools, or musical styles) of Hindustani classical music is called the Patiala Gharana after the city of Patiala in Punjab, India, where it originated.
• The Nauhar Bani is the ancestor of the Agra Gharana, a school of Hindustani classical vocal music.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statements is as shown below :

Conclusions:

I. Some computers are mobiles → False (it is possible but not definite)

 II. Some mobiles are computers → False (it is possible but not definite)

III. Some mobiles are laptops → True (As Some laptops are mobiles so, Some mobiles are laptops is true)

∴ Here, Conclusion III is true.

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusion III follows".

The correct answer is Sultan Jehan Begum.

Key Points

• Sultan Jehan Begum was the successor of Shahjehan Begum, the ruler of Bhopal, who provided money for the preservation of the ancient site Sanchi.
• The Bhopal Begums contributed significantly to the Sanchi Stupa's preservation.
• The Sanchi Stupa received significant endowments from Shahjahan Begum and Sultan Jahan Begum, the rulers of Bhopal.
• Because of Begum Sultan Jahan Begum's financial support, a museum was built close to the stupa.
• The stupa was preserved in part by Europeans. The plaster cast copies of the stupa pillars were seized by the French and the British to be displayed in their respective national museums in France and Britain.

Important Points

• Ibne Hajjah Nawab Begum Between 1901 and 1926, Dame Sultan Jahan was the begum in charge of Bhopal.
• Sultana Chand Bibi served as the regent of the Sultanates of Ahmednagar and Bijapur during the minorities of Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580–1590) and Bahadur Shah (1595–1600), respectively.
• Mariam-uz-Zamani, also known as Jodha Bai, was the favoured imperial consort of the third Mughal emperor Akbar and served as his chief consort and primary Rajput wife.
• In the north of the Indian subcontinent, Razia Sultana presided over the Delhi Sultanate.

The correct answer is Mumbai High.

Key Points

• An offshore oilfield known as Bombay High, now Mumbai High, field is situated in the Arabian Sea about 160 km west of the Mumbai coast in India.
• The field was found in 1974, started producing in 1976, and is run by the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC).
• The Russian and Indian crew working aboard the seismic exploration vessel Academic Arkhangelsky made the discovery of the Mumbai High field in February 1974 while exploring the Gulf of Cambay between 1964 and 1967.
• Two blocks known as Mumbai High North (MHN) and Mumbai High South make up the oil field (MHS).
• Currently, the Mumbai High field has 1,659 million metric tonnes (MMt) of oil in it, and it produces about 12MMt annually.

Additional Information

• Kolar:
• Kolar city is known for its milk production and the gold mines.
• The Kolar Gold Fields (K.G.F.) mining area is located in the Kolar district's K.G.F. township. A decline in gold prices forced the mine to shut on February 28, 2001.
• Between the 1960s until 1992, the mine complex served as the site of some particle physics experiments.
• ​Bokaro:
• Bokaro, often known as Bokaro Steel City, is a significant city of Jharkhand. Bokaro is renowned for both its **top-notch educational system.**​
• ​Jharia:
• Jharkhand's Dhanbad city contains the neighborhood known as Jharia.
• Jharia is famous for a coal field fire that has burned underground for a century.
• In 1916, the first fire was discovered. Records show that one of the first mines to collapse in an underground fire in 1930 was Seth Khora Ramji's Khas Jharia mines, a pioneer in Indian coal mining.

Shortcut Trick

Surface Area = 4 × π × r²

900π = 4π × r²

r² = 900 ÷ 4 = 225

r = √225 = 15 cm

∴ The correct answer is 15 cm.

Alternate Method

Given: Surface Area of sphere = 900π cm²

Formula Used: Surface Area of sphere = 4πr²

r = ? Sphere Surface Area = 900π

⇒ 4 × π × r² = 900 × π

⇒ 4r² = 900

⇒ r² = 900 ÷ 4

⇒ r² = 225

⇒ r = √225

⇒ r = 15 cm

∴ The correct answer is 15 cm.

Additional Information

Volume of a Sphere

The volume of a sphere with radius r is given by the formula V = (4/3) × π × r³.

Surface Area of Hemisphere

Curved Surface Area (CSA) = 2πr² and Total Surface Area (TSA) = 3πr².

Relation between Radius and Diameter

The diameter d of a sphere is twice the radius r, expressed as d = 2 × r.

Given :- TUP _ _ _ PKT _ _ KTUP_

By checking options and substituting accordingly.

1) TTUUPK → T U P T - T U P K - T U P K - T U P K

2) UTTPKT → T U P U - T T P K - T P K K - T U P T

3) KTUUPK → T U P K - T U P K - T U P K - T U P K

• Here, "TUPK" is repeated.

4) TUUUPK → T U P T - U U P K - T U P K - T U P K

• Option (3) gives the pattern of :- T U P K - T U P K - T U P K - T U P K.

Hence, the correct answer is "KTUUPK".

The correct answer is Lord Dalhousie.

Key Points

• In 1851, Lord Dalhousie described the kingdom of Awadh as 'a cherry that will drop into our mouth one day'.
• Awadh had been subjected to the Subsidiary Alliance since 1801. According to the terms of this agreement, the Nawab was required to dissolve his military force, permit the British to station troops inside the country, and follow the British Resident's instructions.
• Lacking his military, the Nawab was forced to rely more and more on the British to keep the peace in the realm. He was unable to maintain authority over the dissident chiefs and taluqdars.
• In fact, the British purchased Awadh to produce cotton and indigo.
• The region was in a prime location to develop into Upper India's primary market and was anticipated to complete the process of territorial annexation.
• Wajid Ali Shah's overthrow was justified by the argument that the area was being poorly governed and that he was unpopular.

Additional Information

• Warren Hastings:
• As the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the chairman of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and consequently the first Governor-General of Bengal from 1772 to 1785, Warren Hastings was a British colonial administrator.
• ​Robert Clive:
• Robert Clive, commonly referred to as Clive of India, served as the Bengal Presidency's first British governor.
• Clive is usually regarded as having laid the groundwork for Bengali British East India Company dominance.
• William Bentick:​
• ​Britain's William Bentick was a statesman and soldier.
• From 1828 until 1835, he presided as the Governor-General of India.
• He is credited with leading important social and educational reforms in India, including the elimination of sati and the prohibition of women from attending cremations on Varanasi's ghats, as well as the suppression of female infanticide and human sacrifice.

Shortcut Trick

For a regular polygon with n sides, each interior angle is calculated as:

Each Interior Angle = ((n − 2) × 180°) ÷ n

For a regular octagon, n = 8.

Each Interior Angle = ((8 − 2) × 180°) ÷ 8 = (6 × 180°) ÷ 8 = 1080° ÷ 8 = 135°

∴ The correct answer is 135°.

Alternate Method

Given:

Polygon type = Regular Octagon

Number of sides (n) = 8

Formula Used:

1. Exterior Angle of a regular polygon = 360° ÷ n
2. Interior Angle + Exterior Angle = 180°

Calculations:

⇒ Each Exterior Angle = 360° ÷ 8

⇒ Each Exterior Angle = 45°

⇒ Each Interior Angle = 180° − 45°

⇒ Each Interior Angle = 135°

∴ The correct answer is 135°.

Additional Information

Sum of Interior Angles

The sum of all interior angles of any n-sided polygon is given by (n − 2) × 180°. For an octagon, it is 1080°.

Number of Diagonals

The number of diagonals in a polygon with n sides is n(n − 3) ÷ 2. For an octagon, it is 8(8 − 3) ÷ 2 = 20.

External Angle Property

The sum of all exterior angles of any convex polygon is always 360°, regardless of the number of sides.

Given statement is :- K ≥ L > M < N ≤ X

Conclusions:

I. X > M → True (As M < N ≤ X so, X > M is true)

II. X > L → False (As L > M < N ≤ X, the relationship between X and L cannot be determined)

III. M < K → True (As K ≥ L > M so, M < K is true)

IV. L > K → False (As K ≥ L so, L > K is false)

∴ Here, Conclusions I and III are true.

Hence, the correct answer is "Only conclusions I and III are true".

Given:

Total amount = Rs. 22,100

Rate of interest = 10% per annum

The amount payable on maturity to Monali after 18 years would be the same as the amount payable on maturity to Timir after 20 years.

Concept used:

Compound interest, CI = P(1 + R/100)^N - P

where

P = Principal amount

R = Rate of interest per year

N = Time in years

Calculation:

Let the share of Monali and Timir be Q and (22100 - Q) respectively.

Amount payable in case of Monali

⇒ Q(1 + $10 \over 100$)¹⁸

Amount payable in case of Timir

⇒ (22100 - Q)(1 + $10 \over 100$)20

According to the question,

(22100 - Q)(1 + $10 \over 100$)20 = Q(1 + $10 \over 100$)18

⇒ (22100 - Q)(1 + $10 \over 100$)^{20 - 18} = Q

⇒ (22100 - Q)(1 + $10 \over 100$)2 = Q

⇒ (22100 - Q) × 1.21 = Q

⇒ 26741 - 1.21Q = Q

⇒ 2.21Q = 26741

⇒ Q = 26741/2.21

⇒ Q = 12100

∴ The initial share of Monali was Rs. 12,100.

The correct answer is Samir Banerjee.

Key Points

• The men's singles champion at Wimbledon in 2021 was Samir Banerjee.
• The 17-year-old Samir Banerjee beat fellow American Victor Lilov 7-5, 6-3 on Court 1 at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in London.
• This was Samir Banerjee's second appearance at a junior Grand Slam.
• According to the junior International Tennis Federation (ITF) rankings, the adolescent is ranked **19.**​

Additional Information

• Siddhant Banthia:
• Tennis player Siddhant Banthia is from India.
• Banthia's highest ATP singles ranking till date is 1125, attained on August 23, 2021.
• Additionally, on May 27, 2019, he attained a career-high ATP doubles ranking of 591.
• Adil Kalyanpur:
• ​​Indian tennis player Adil Kalyanpur, 22, has a career-high doubles ranking of 591.
• Dhruv Sunish:
• He is a tennis player from India who has a career-high singles ranking of No. 942.

Concept used:

If the last three digits of a number are divisible by 8, then the number is completely divisible by 8.

Calculation:

Option 1:

12318

⇒ last three digits are 318

⇒ 318 isn't divisible by 8

⇒ 12318 isn't divisible by 8

Option 2:

12312

⇒ last three digits are 312

⇒ 312 is divisible by 8 (312 ÷ 8 = 39)

⇒ 12312 is divisible by 8

Since we've already encountered such an options that is divisible by 8, we're not required to check any further.

∴ 12312 is divisible by 8.