RRB NTPC CBT 2 (Level-2) Official Paper (Held On: 13 June 2022 Shift 1) (Previous Year Paper)

Given:

SP of x items = CP of 32 items

Profit % = 28

Concept used:

SP = CP + CP × profit%

SP = selling price

CP = cost price

Calculation:

Let CP of each item be Rs. 100a

So, CP of x item = Rs. 100xa

SP of each item = 128xa

According to the question,

x.SP = 32.CP

⇒ 128ax = 3200a

⇒ x = 3200a/128a

⇒ x = 25

So, x = 25 items

∴ The value of x is 25.

The correct answer is imposition of upper limit of price on goods or services.

Key Points

• A price ceiling is a sort of price regulation that establishes the maximum price a seller may charge for a good or service and is typically imposed by the government.
• These are often imposed on necessities like food, gas, or medicine, frequently following a crisis or specific occurrence that causes prices to soar.
• The benefits of a price floor include maintaining affordable pricing, preventing price gouging, and growing demands.
• Price floor disadvantages include frequent supply shortages, the potential for quality loss and cost-cutting, as well as the possibility of additional fees or higher costs for other commodities.

Additional Information

• Price Floor:
• A price floor, which establishes a minimum cost for purchasing a good or service, is the opposite of a price ceiling.
• It stands for the lowest legal price at which a good or service may be offered and still adhere to the basic laws of supply and demand.
• This is also known as "price support."
• GST:
• An indirect tax on the provision of goods and services is known as the GST, or Goods and Services Tax.
• It is a multi-stage, destination-oriented tax imposed on every value addition, replacing multiple indirect taxes, including VAT, excise duty, service taxes, etc

The correct answer is 56 KVA.

Key Points 

• The Indian Army has inaugurated the first green solar energy harnessing plant of 56 kVA using Vanadium-based battery technology in North Sikkim at an altitude of 16,000 ft.
• The project was completed in collaboration with IIT Mumbai.
• The project will immensely benefit troops in the forward areas and will be environment friendly.
• A team of eminent faculty from the Institute led by Prof Prakash Ghosh and troops of the Indian Army completed the project braving extreme climatic conditions.

Additional Information 

• Indian Army:
• Founded on 1 April 1895.
• Headquarters: New Delhi.
• Motto: Service Before Self.
• Army Day: 15 January.
• Commander in chief: President of India

The correct answer is New Delhi.

Key Points

• The International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) oversees various non-Olympic shooting sport competitions in addition to the Olympic rifle, pistol, and shotgun categories.
• The International Shooting Union, which was founded in 1907, was renamed the ISSF in 1998.
• Vladimir Lisin, a Russian steel tycoon and the head of the European Shooting Federation, has held the ISSF Presidency since November 30, 2018.
• Munich, Germany serves as the ISSF's headquarter.

Eight directors - Avan, Paul, Cameron, Dalton, Kovi, Rajamouli, Prabhu and Hund are sitting around a circular table facing the centre.

1. Dalton is third to the left of Hund.

2. Hund is fourth to the right of Kovi.

3. Paul is third to left of Dalton.

4. Avan is third to the left of Paul.

5. Rajamouli is second to the left of Cameron.

Only one person Prabhu is left and Prabhu will occupy the vacant position.

The final arrangement will be as shown below:

Clearly, no one sits between Avan and Prabhu, when counted from the left of Avan.

Hence, ‘none’ is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

• 5, 3 = 98 → 5³ - 3³ = 125 - 27 = 98
• 7, 4 = 279 → 73 - 43 = 343 - 64 = 279

Similarly,

• 9, 5 = ? → 93 - 53 = 729 - 125 = 604

Hence, ‘604’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 44th Constitutional Amendment 1978.

Key Points 

• The Constitution 44 Amendment Act of 1978 made the right to property no longer a fundamental right.
• Originally, one of the seven essential rights was the right to property, which stated that no one may be stripped of their property except by legal authority.
• After the 44th Amendment Act of 1978, the right to property as a Fundamental Right was replaced with a legal right under Article 300A of Part XII of the Constitution.
• This amendment was made because the government was unable to move on with public infrastructure projects and reforms because citizens began filing lawsuits to stop the acquisition of private property.

Therefore, the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act removed the Right to Property from the Fundamental Rights.

• The right of a citizen to own private property is a fundamental human right. It cannot be taken over by the state without following proper procedure and legal permission.
• The Court cited an earlier decision in the State of Haryana v. Mukesh Kumar case (2011) which concluded that the right to property is a human right as well as a constitutional or statutory one.

Additional Information 

• The 42nd Amendment Act is also known as the Mini-Constitution because of the enormous number of revisions it has made to the Indian Constitution.
• It was enacted in 1976 during an Emergency period by Indira Gandhi Government.
• It was added Part IVA (Fundamental Duties) in the constitution.
• It was added there new words in the preamble (Socialist, Secular and Integrity).
• The 46th Amendment of the Constitution made it possible for the State to levy Sales Tax on the price of the goods and materials used in works contracts as if there was a sale of such goods and materials.
• The 48th Constitutional Amendment inserted a new provision in clause (5) of Article 356 of the Constitution in order to provide that in the case of the Proclamation issued by the President on 6 October 1983 with respect to the State of Punjab, Parliament may pass any resolution with respect to the continuance in force of the Proclamation for a period up to two years.

A person says that the 26th day of a month is a Friday.

26 → Friday

Friday falls on these dates:

• 26 - 7 = 19
• 19 - 7 = 12
• 12 - 7 = 5

So, the 5th day of the month is Friday.

Hence, ‘Friday’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Panchayats.

Key Points 

• The Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 has added a new Part IX consisting of 16 Articles and the Eleventh Schedule to the Constitution.
• The 73rd Amendment envisages the Gram Sabha as the foundation of the Panchayat Raj System to perform functions and powers entrusted to it by the State Legislatures.
• The amendment provides for a three-tier Panchayat Raj System at the village, intermediate and district levels.
• Articles 243A provides that the Gram Sabha may exercise such power and perform such functions at the village level as the Legislature of a state may by law provide.
• The eleventh scheduled of the constitution created by the 73rd Amendment contains 29 subjects on which the Panchayats shall have administrative Control, Articles 243H empowers State Legislature to make by law provision for imposing taxes etc. by the panchayat.

Thus, we can conclude that the 73rd Amendment of the Constitution of India, is related to Panchayats.

Given:

sinθ + $\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)$cosecθ = 1

Concept used:

cosecθ = 1/sinθ 

(a - b)2 = a² + b² - 2ab

Calculation:

sinθ + $\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)$cosecθ = 1

⇒ sinθ + $\rm\left(\frac{1}{4× sinθ}\right)$ = 1

⇒ sinθ + $\rm\left(\frac{1}{ 4sinθ}\right)$ = 1

⇒ $\rm\left(\frac{4sin^2θ+1}{ 4sinθ}\right)$ = 1

⇒ 4sin²θ + 1 = 4sinθ

⇒ 4sin2θ + 1 - 4sinθ = 0

⇒ (2sinθ)² + 1² - 2 × 2sinθ × 1 = 0

⇒ (2sinθ - 1)² = 0

⇒ 2sinθ - 1 = 0

⇒ 2sinθ = 1

⇒ sinθ = 1/2

⇒ sinθ = sin30°

So, θ = 30°

∴ The value of θ is 30°.

Given:

a = 142.5

di = xi - a

∑fidi = 130.5

∑fi = 90

Concept used:

Arithmetic mean xi = [a + {(∑fidi)/∑fi}]

Here,

a = assumed mean

f_i = frequency of ith class

d_i = x_i – a = deviation of ith class

Σfi = n = Total number of observations

x_i = class mark = (upper class limit + lower class limit)/2

Calculation:

Arithmetic mean xi = [142.5 + {(130.5)/90}]

⇒ 142.5 + 1.45

⇒ 143.95

∴ The arithmetic mean of all the values of xi is 143.95.

The correct answer is 98.6° F.

Key Points 

• All temperatures are related to each other by the following relationship –

$\frac{{F - 32^\circ }}{9} = \frac{C}{5} = \frac{{K - 273}}{5}$

Calculation: 

Given: Temperature = 37°C,

$\frac{{F - 32^\circ }}{9} = \frac{C}{5}$

$\frac{{F - 32^\circ }}{9} = \frac{37}{5}$

5(F - 32°) = 333

So, the temperature is on the Fahrenheit scale: 98.6°F

Additional InformationCelsius scale:

• In this scale lower fixed point (ice point) is taken 0° and upper fixed point  (steam point) is taken 100°.
• The temperature measured on this scale all in degree Celsius (°C).

Fahrenheit scale:

• This scale of temperature has lower fixed point (ice point) as 32° F and upper fixed point  (steam point)as 212° F.
• The change in temperature of 1° F corresponds to a change of less than 1° on Celsius scale.

Kelvin scale:

• The Kelvin temperature scale is also known as thermodynamic scale. The triple point of water is also selected to be the zero of scale of temperature.
• The temperatures measured on this scale are in Kelvin (K).

The correct answer is Daniel Ricciardo.

Key Points

• The Australian-Italian Daniel Ricciardo won the 2021 Formula One Italian Grand Prix at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza track in Italy.
• For McLaren, this marked their first victory in nine years.
• Valtteri Bottas finished third, followed by Lando Norris in second place.
• Lewis Hamilton and Max Verstappen collided and were eliminated from the Italian Grand Prix 2021.

Additional Information

• Pierre Gasly:
• French racing driver Pierre Gasly is presently driving for Scuderia AlphaTauri and competing in Formula One under the French flag.
• He won his maiden Formula One race at the Italian Grand Prix in 2020 while driving for AlphaTauri .
• Valtteri Bottas:
• Currently driving for Alfa Romeo in Formula One, Valtteri Bottas is a Finnish racing driver who previously competed for Mercedes from 2017 to 2021 and Williams from 2013 to 2016.
• Lando Norris:
• Racing under the British flag, Lando Norris is a Belgian-British driver who currently competes in Formula One with McLaren.
• The 2017 FIA Formula 3 European Championship was won by him.

The correct answer is factors of production.

Key Points

• The inputs utilized in the creation of goods or services to generate a profit are referred to as factors of production.
• These include all materials required for producing a good or service.
• Land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship are the production factors.
• The overall factors of production can be impacted by the status of technical development, which can also account for any efficiencies not directly related to the four traditional components.

Additional Information

• Four factors of production—land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.
• Land:
• Every natural resource utilized to produce goods and services is included in land.
• Water, oil, copper, natural gas, coal, and forests are a few examples.
• The raw materials used in the industrial process are land resources. These resources can be both renewable and nonrenewable.
• Labor:
• The effort that people put forth to produce goods and services is referred to as labor.
• The income earned by labor resources is called wages and is the largest source of income for most people.
• Capital:
• Consider capital as the equipment, tools, and buildings that people utilize to produce commodities and services.
• Depending on the worker and the sort of job being done, capital varies.
• Interest is the source of income for owners of capital resources.
• Entrepreneurship:
• An entrepreneur is a person who uses capital, labor, and other production elements in combination to turn a profit.
• Profit is how entrepreneurship gets compensated.

The correct answer is 1940.

Key Points

• The Muslim League advocated autonomy for the areas of the subcontinent with a majority of Muslims, which were the geographically adjacent territories in the North-West and the East, in its 1940 Resolution.
• These were to be "independent states," with full autonomy and sovereignty.
• However, at this time, neither the concept of a formal "Pakistan" nor the ambiguity of their decision spoke to any kind of separation.
• It ultimately led to the partition of India in 1947 by the British Empire.

Additional Information

• All India Muslim League was founded in 1906 to safeguard the rights of Indian Muslims.
• Founders:  Aga Khan III, Hakim Ajmal Khan, Khwaja Salimullah, Waqar-ul-Mulk
• Founded: 30 December 1906

According to the given information,

Clearly, there are 3 such letters, each of which is immediately preceded by a symbol and immediately followed by a number.

• Symbol → Letter → Number

​(Left) $\yen$ 7 @ 2 W R Z % K 3 P 2 T ϵ J 1 B M  4 8 & $\yen$ E 5 D # 6 (Right)

For the following combinations, the condition is satisfied:

• [% K 3], [ϵ J 1], [$\yen$ E 5]

Hence, ‘3’ is the correct answer.

Given:

If 12 is subtracted from each of n values x1, x2, ⋯, xn, then the sum of the resulting numbers is 92

If 8 is subtracted from each of the n values, then the sum of the numbers is 208

Formula Used:

Mean(Average) = Sum of observation/Number of observation.

Calculation:

Let the sum of n values x1, x2, x_{3 .....,} x_n = X

n be the number of observations.

According to the question,

X - 12n = 92  (12 is substracted n times = 12n)       ----(1)

X - 8n = 208   (8 is substracted n times = 8n)      ----(2)

Subtract (1) from (2)

⇒ 4n = 116

n = 29

Put the value of n in (2)

X - (8 × 29) = 208

⇒ 208 + 232

⇒ 440

X = 440

Mean of the given n values = Sum of observation/Number of observation

⇒ X/29

⇒ 440/29

⇒ 15.172 ∼ 15.2

∴ The mean of the given n values is 15.2.

Given:

2.06 - 3.16 + 4.59 - 1.79

Concept used:

Calculation:

2.06 - 3.16 + 4.59 - 1.79

⇒ 2.06 + 4.59 - 3.16 - 1.79

⇒ 6.65 - 4.95

⇒ 1.70

∴ Required answer is 1.70.

The correct answer is Brajawali.

Key Points

• Brajavali is the language used by Srimanta Sankardeva, Madhabdev and other composers who belonged to the religious sect started by Srimanta Sankardeva in the 15th-16th century in Assam.
• It was used by sankerdeva in his compositions like Borgeets, Bhaona and Ankia Naats.
• Assamese polymath Srimanta Sankardev was a significant person in the social and religious history of Assam, India, as well as a saint-scholar, poet, playwright, dancer, actor, musician, and artist.

Additional Information

• Malayalam:
• The Malayali people speak Malayalam, a Dravidian language, in the Indian state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry.
• In 2013, Malayalam received the designation "Classical Language of India."
• Sanskrit:
• The Rigveda, the first book in the world, was first written in Sanskrit, an ancient and classical language of India.
• It is a traditional language of South Asia and is a part of the Indo-Aryan group of Indo-European languages.
• Tamil:
• The Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent are native speakers of Tamil, a classical Dravidian language.
• The sovereign states of Singapore, Sri Lanka, and Tamil Nadu in India as well as the Indian Union Territory of Puducherry all have it as one of their official languages.

Given:

I. Dheeraj at present is 35 years younger to his mother Parvati

II.  Dheeraj's brother Shan, who was born in 1998, is 45 years younger to his mother Parvati.

Calculation:

I. Dheeraj at present is 35 years younger to his mother Parvati

With this statement alone we can’t say anything about the born year of Dheeraj.

II.  Dheeraj's brother Shan, who was born in 1998, is 45 years younger to his mother Parvati.

Born year of mother = 1998 – 45 = 1953

Now we got the year in which mother was born. So, from statement I

Born year of Dheeraj= 1953 + 35= 1988

∴ Both statement I and II are required to give answer.

Given:

Radius = 10 cm

Formula used:

Perimeter of quarter = Perimeter of a quadrant = 2r + πr/2

Here r = radius of the circle

Calculation:

Perimeter of the quarter = (2 × 10) + π × (10/2)

⇒ 20 + 3.14 × 5

⇒ 20 + 15.70 

⇒ 35.7 cm

∴ The perimeter of a quarter circle is 35.7 cm

The correct answer is Madhya Pradesh.

Key Points

• A well-known traditional dance from Bundelkhand, rai dance, is performed by men in female disguise to the accompaniment of the dholak and nagara.
• Bediya tribes in Madhya Pradesh perform this folk dance.
• On the occasion of a child's birth in the Vaishya community, it is also performed by the women of the Ahir tribe.

Additional Information

• Some of the most important folk dances of Madhya Pradesh are:
• Karma:
• This indigenous folk dance belongs to the Gond and Oraon tribe of Madhya Pradesh.
• It is Considered as the oldest of all tribal dances in the state.
• It is performed on the onset of the spring season.
• Jawara:
• People of the Bundelkhand region perform this dance, to celebrate prosperity.
• Jawara follows the reaping of a good harvest.
• Lehangi:
• Lehangi is a popular folk dance of the Banjara and Kanjar tribe of the Bhopal commissary of Madhya Pradesh and is performed during the blossoming monsoon period.
• Ahiri Dance:
• Ahiri Dance is a trademark of the cattle herders of Gwalior.
• The communities of Gwalior who perform this dance, are considered to be the descendants of Lord Krishna.
• Baredi:
• Baredi is an important folk dance of the Gwalior district.
• Staring from Diwali, the dance is performed till the day of 'Karthik Purnima'.
• Important folk dances of some states:

Given:

17.821 + 178.21 - ? = 169.93

Concept used:

Calculation:

17.821 + 178.21 - ? = 169.93

⇒ 18 + 178 - ? = 170

⇒ 18 + 178 - 170 = ?

⇒ 196 - 170 = ?

⇒ 26 = ?

∴ Required approximate value is 26.

P, Q and R are standing in a queue one behind the other in increasing order of heights such that the shortest is at the front and the tallest at the back.

1. R is neither the first in the queue nor the tallest person.

__ < R < __

2. P is NOT standing behind R.

__ < R < P

As P is not standing behind R, P is standing ahead of R and Q is standing behind R.

The final arrangement will be as shown below:

P < R < Q

Clearly, P is the shortest person among them.

Hence, ‘P’ is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

Similarly,

Hence, ‘VIHH’ is the correct answer.

The logic followed here is:

• 11, 8, 5, 2 = 3 → 11 - 8 = 5 - 2 = 3
• 19, 14, 9, 4 = 5 → 19 - 14 = 9 - 4 = 5
• 27, 20, 13, 6 = ? → 27 - 20 = 13 - 6 = 7

Hence, ‘7’ is the correct answer.

The pattern/logic followed here is:

2³ + 1 = 8 + 1 = 9

23 - 1 = 8 - 1 = 7

33 + 1 = 27 + 1 = 28

33 - 1 = 27 - 1 = 26

43 + 1 = 64 + 1 = 65

43 - 1 = 64 - 1 = 63

53 + 1 = 125 + 1 = 126

53 - 1 = 125 - 1 = 124

63 + 1 = 216 + 1 = 217

Hence, ‘217’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Tamil Nadu.

Key Points

• Subramania Bharathi was a fiery poet and freedom warrior, and the Tamil Nadu government designated the anniversary of his passing as Mahakavi Day.
• The 11th of September is Subramania Bharati's death anniversary.
• The year 2021 marked the 100th death anniversary of the poet.
• Subramania Bharati's works ignited patriotism and left an indelible mark on Tamil literature.

Additional Information

• Bharati's poems and thoughts were included in the book "Manathil Urithi Vendum" (Firmness in Mind), which was published at a cost of Rs.10 crore and given to 37 lakh students.
• The poet's works are collected in a separate section called "Bharathiyal," copies of which are available at his memorials in Ettayapuram, Triplicane, the Anna Centenary Library in Chennai, and in Madurai.
• Bharathiyar was born in the Tuticorin area.
• Together with the World Tamil Associations, activities with the theme "parengum Bharati" (Bharati everywhere) were organized.
• Tamil Nadu :
• It is a south Indian state and is famous for its Dravidian-style hindu temples.
• Meenakshi Amman Temple in Madurai boasts tall, colorfully decorated structures known as "gopurams." Ramanathaswamy Temple is a holy place on Pamban Island. The colonial Fort St. George from 1644 is one of the highlights in the capital city of Chennai.
• The Chera, Chola, and Pandya clans of the Sangam era, the Pallava dynasty, and the subsequent Vijayanagara Empire were among the various regimes that ruled Tamil Nadu.
• Chief minister: M. K. Stalin
• Governor: R. N. Ravi
• Capital: Chennai
• Founded: August 15,1947

The logic followed here is:

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

Similarly,

Hence, ‘TRD’ is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

For quarterly compounding, the Rate becomes 16% ÷ 4 = 4% and Time becomes 9 ÷ 3 = 3 periods.

Use the 3 : 3 : 1 ratio method for 3 periods at 4%:

Step 1: 4% of 2,50,000 = 10,000 | Step 2: 4% of 10,000 = 400 | Step 3: 4% of 400 = 16

Compound Interest = 3 × (10,000) + 3 × (400) + 1 × (16) = 30,000 + 1,200 + 16 = 31,216.

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 31,216.

Alternate Method

Given:

⇒ Principal (P) = Rs. 2,50,000

⇒ Annual Rate (R) = 16%

⇒ Time (T) = 9 months

Formula Used:

⇒ Amount (A) = P(1 + r/100)ⁿ, where r is the quarterly rate and n is the number of quarters.

⇒ Compound Interest (CI) = Amount − Principal

Calculations:

⇒ Quarterly Rate (r) = 16% ÷ 4 = 4%

⇒ Number of quarters (n) = 9 months ÷ 3 months = 3 quarters

⇒ A = 2,50,000 × (1 + 4/100)³

⇒ A = 2,50,000 × (1.04)³

⇒ A = 2,50,000 × 1.124864

⇒ A = 281,216

⇒ CI = 281,216 − 2,50,000

⇒ CI = 31,216

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 31,216.

Additional Information

Quarterly Compounding Rule

When interest is compounded quarterly, divide the annual rate by 4 and multiply the time in years by 4. Formula: A = P(1 + R/400)⁴ⁿ.

Half-Yearly Compounding Rule

When interest is compounded half-yearly, divide the annual rate by 2 and multiply the time in years by 2. Formula: A = P(1 + R/200)²ⁿ.

Effective Interest Rate

It represents the actual interest earned in a year due to compounding. Effective Rate = (1 + r/n)ⁿ − 1, where r is the nominal rate and n is the frequency.

CI − SI Difference for 3 Years

The difference between compound interest and simple interest for 3 years is given by: D = P(r/100)² × (3 + r/100).

The correct answer is detached building.

Key Points

• A detached building is one that has walls and a roof that are separate from other structures and that has open space on all sides.
• It means any building which is not physically connected to the dwelling.

Additional Information

• Semi-detached building:
• A semi-detached building is a single-family duplex home that has a common wall with the home next door.
• Construction of semi-detached homes is done in pairs, with the layout of each home being a mirror replica of the other.
• Special building:
• A special building is any structure with a built-up area greater than 500 square meters that is used for assembly, industrial, wholesale enterprises, hotels, hostels, hazardous, mixed-use, or any of the aforementioned occupancies.
• High rise building:
• High-rise buildings, or high-rises, are multistory structures that are tall enough to call for the usage of an elevator or other mechanical system for vertical motion.

A working clock is placed on a table in such a manner that at 9.00 p.m the hour hand is pointing towards the north.

 If the same clock remains in the same position.

The minute hand will point in East direction at 6.00 am.

Hence, ‘East’ is the correct answer.

Given:

$\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{1875}}{\sqrt{3888}} \times \frac{\sqrt{768}}{\sqrt{1200}}}$

Calculation:

$\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{1875}}{\sqrt{3888}} \times \frac{\sqrt{768}}{\sqrt{1200}}}$

⇒ $\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{3\times625}}{\sqrt{3\times1296}} \times \frac{\sqrt{256 \times3}}{\sqrt{3 \times 400}}}$

⇒ $\sqrt{\frac{25\sqrt{3}}{36\sqrt{3}} \times \frac{16\sqrt{3}}{20\sqrt{3}}}$

⇒ $\sqrt{\frac{25\sqrt{3}}{36\sqrt{3}} \times \frac{16\sqrt{3}}{20\sqrt{3}}}$

⇒ $\sqrt{\frac{25}{36} \times \frac{4}{5}}$

⇒ $\sqrt{\frac{5}{9}}$

⇒ $\frac{\sqrt 5}{3}$

∴ Required answer is $\frac{\sqrt 5}{3}$.

The correct answer is Mandalas.

Key Points 

• RigVeda:
• The oldest religious text in the world.
• It is the collection of hymns, composed around 1700 BC, contains 1,028 hymns, and is divided into 10 mandalas.
• The third mandala contains the Gayatri Mantra.
• Saraswati is the deity river in Rigveda.
• 8th Mandala is ascribed to Kanvas and Angiras.
• 9th Mandala is the compilation of soma hymns.
• The 10th Mandala of Rigveda contains the Purushasukta hymn which tells about the origin of the caste system.
• The Rigvedic society comprised four varnas, namely Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra.
• Slavery was mentioned in Rigveda.
• It was mentioned in the term Dasa.
• Three to four verses of Rigveda mentions Dasas.
• Sabha the assembly was mentioned in Rigveda.
• The term Sabha means both the assembly and the assembly hall.
• Rajan word was used for Kings (Raja).
• It occurs many times in Rigveda.

Additional Information 

• Vedas are supposed to be the first religious text of the Hindu religion.
• Veda means knowledge.
• There are four Vedas namely:
• Rig Veda - Oldest and most important Veda, contains the knowledge of chemistry and medical science.
• Yajur Veda - Only Veda, which is divided into two parts (i.e. Krishna Yajur Veda and Shukla Yajur Veda), contains the knowledge of all sacrificial formulas and weapons.
• Sam Veda - It is the Origin of Indian classical music.
• Atharva Veda - It contains the knowledge of Ayurveda, also charms and spells hence it is known as black Veda.

The correct answer is Mass wasting.

Key Points

• Mass wasting is the enormous downward movement of rock, soil, and debris caused by gravity. Mass wasting includes events like debris flows, slumps, and rock falls.
• Rocks fall:
• Rock falls happen when chunks of rock fall down a cliff. Large bricks may eventually get loosened as a result of frost wedging, falling.
• Talus is the term for the buildup of rock fragments at the bottom of a steep slope.
• Slump:
• The term "slump" refers to the rotating slip of a large amount of bed rock off a high cliff. The most frequent cause of slumping is erosion at the slope's base, which lessens the support provided for underlying sediments.
• Debris avalanche:
• The debris avalanche is the worst kind of debris flow. It flows down steep slopes in a quickly churning mass of dirt, water, rock debris, and air. By serving as a cushion between the debris and the underlying surface, the trapped air may quicken the avalanche.

Additional Information

• Mass wasting also includes rockslides, landslides, mudflow, creep etc.
• Rockslides: Typically, a zone of weakness is followed by a rockslide. Slippage is exacerbated by water presence. Rockslides typically originate from collisions down the slope shattering the boulder mass into debris.
• Landslides: Large rocks that break off and roll downhill cause landslides. Both really heavy rain and earthquakes frequently start it.
• Mudflow: A mudflow is a swiftly moving liquid mass made up of soil, rock fragments, and water. They are especially frequent in semiarid highland areas.
• Creep: Creep is the gradual and slow descent of soil. Usually, its velocity is less than one centimeter each year. The gradual movement of soil particles down the hill caused by freezing and thawing contributes to soil creep.
• Hydraulic action:
• The physical weathering and mechanical reaction of earth elements to flowing water in rivers and streams, breaking waves, and storm surge along shorelines is referred to as hydraulic action.
• Solifluction:
• It a combination of creep and flow, creates distinct sheets, terraces, and lobes of rock and debris.
• On steeper slopes where the process has pushed loosening boulders and dirt downslope, solifluction sheets and lobes can be seen.

Given:

Total quantity of the initial mixture = 90 ml

Sugar percentage = 38%

Sugar percentage of the new mixture = 17.1%

Calculation:

In the mixture of 90 ml amount of sugar = 90 × 38%

⇒ 34.2 ml

Now, % of the sugar in the new mixture becomes 17.1

According to the question,

In the new mixture 34.2 ml of sugar = 17.1% of the mixture [∵ We added water so amount of sugar will unchanged]

So, 17.1% = 34.2

⇒ 1% = 2

⇒ 100% = 200

So, total quantity of new mixture = 200 ml

Water added = 200 - 90

⇒ 110 ml

∴ Required amount of water to be added is 110 ml.

The correct answer is Jyotirao Goviudrao Phule.

Key Points

• Jyotirao Goviudrao Phule, a member of the Mali caste of farmers and gardeners, was born on April 11, 1827, in Maharashtra.
• In order to provide equitable social and economic benefits for the lower castes in Maharashtra, he established Satyashodhak Samaj, which translates to "Seekers of Truth," in 1873.
• He rose up against the Brahmins' rule and fought for the rights of peasants and other members of the lower castes.
• Jyotiba founded a girls' school in 1851 and invited his wife to teach the students there.
• The Phules founded three schools by 1852, but by 1858, all of them had closed due to a lack of funding in the wake of the Revolt of 1857.
• He built a common bathing tank outside his home in 1868 to demonstrate his inclusive attitude toward all people and his desire to eat with anyone, regardless of caste.
• On May 11th, 1888, Maharashtrian social leader Vithalrao Krishnaji Vandekar bestowed upon him the title of "Mahatma".

Additional Information

• Savitri Bai Phule:
• Savitri Bai Phule was a Maharashtrian poet, educator, and social reformer.
• She is credited with founding the feminist movement in India.
• In Pune, near Bhide Wada, Savitribai and her husband established one of the first modern Indian girls' schools in 1848.
• EV Ramasamy Naicker:
• An Indian politician and social activist named EV Ramasamy Naicker founded the Dravidar Kazhagam and the Self-Respect Movement.
• As the "Father of the Dravidian movement," he is well-known.
• In Tamil Nadu, he battled against caste and gender discrimination as well as Brahminical dominance.
• Ayyankali:
• As a well-known social reformer, educator, economist, lawmaker, and revolutionary, Ayyankali also served in government.
• In the princely realm of Travancore, he campaigned for the development and growth of the oppressed people.

Given:

A = 140% of B

Calculation:

Let B be 100x

So, A = 100 × 140%

⇒ 140x

Now,

After A is decreased:

A = 140x - 140x × 20%

⇒ 112x

After B is increased:

B = 100x + 100x × 38%

⇒ 138x

Previous total of A and B = 140x + 100x = 240x

New total of A and B = 112x + 138x = 250x

Increase in total = 250x - 240x = 10x

Percentage change = (10x/240x) × 100

⇒ 25/6

⇒ $4\frac{1}{6}$

So, change in total = $4\frac{1}{6}$%

∴ The percentage increase in the total value of A and B is $4\frac{1}{6}$%.

Given:

The ratio of radius and height of the cylinder = 3: 2

Volume = 19404 cm³

Formula used:

The curved surface area of the cylinder = 2πrh

Volume of cylinder = πr²h

Here,

r = radius

h = height

Calculation:

Let the radius of the base and height of the cylinder be 3x and 2x

So,

π × (3x)² × 2x = 19404

⇒ 9x² × 2x = 19404 × (7/22)

⇒ 18x3 = 6174

⇒ x³ = 6174/18

⇒ x3 = 343

⇒ x = 7

So, radius = 7 × 3 = 21 cm, and height = 7 × 2 = 14 cm

Now,

Curved surface area = 2π × 21 × 14

⇒ 2 × (22/7) × 21 × 14

⇒ 2 × 22 × 21 × 2

⇒ 1848

∴ The curved surface area (in cm2) of the cylinder is 1848.

Given:

36 ÷ (8 × 3) - [3 ÷ {4 × {3 × 4 ÷ (5 - 9) + 6}}]

Concept used:

Calculation:

36 ÷ (8 × 3) - [3 ÷ {4 × {3 × 4 ÷ (5 - 9) + 6}}]

⇒ 36 ÷ 24 - [3 ÷ {4 × {3 × 4 ÷ (- 4) + 6}}]

⇒ 36 ÷ 24 - [3 ÷ {4 × {3 × (- 4/4) + 6}}]

⇒ 36 ÷ 24 - [3 ÷ {4 × {3 × (- 1) + 6}}]

⇒ 36 ÷ 24 - [3 ÷ {4 × {- 3 + 6}}]

⇒ 36 ÷ 24 - [3 ÷ {4 × 3}]

⇒ 36 ÷ 24 - [3 ÷ 12]

⇒ 36 ÷ 24 - (1/4)

⇒ 3/2 - 1/4

⇒ (6 - 1)/4

⇒ 5/4

⇒ 1.25

So, this is lies in between 1 and 1.3

∴ Required answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is Andhra Pradesh.

Key Points

• On June 2, 2014, Telangana became a state in its official capacity.
• The Congress Working Committee overwhelmingly approved a resolution on the creation of a separate Telangana state on July 1, 2013.
• The Bill was introduced to Parliament in February 2014 after going through several phases.
• In February 2014, Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 Bill was passed by the Parliament for the formation of Telangana State.
• On March 1, 2014, the measure was approved by the President and published in the gazette.
• KCR, Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao was chosen to serve as Telangana's first chief minister.

Additional Information

• Telangana
• Governor: Sri Jishnu Dev Varma
• Chief minister: Sri Anumula Revanth Reddy
• Capital: Hyderabad
• Founded: 2 June 2014

The logic followed here is:

According to the alphabetical positions of the letters,

Similarly,

Hence, ‘CI’ is the correct answer.

Given:

(x + 1) ∶ (x + 5) ∶∶ (x + 17) ∶ (x + 53)

Concept used:

Mean proportion of two numbers x and y = √(x × y)

Calculation:

Here,

(x + 1)/(x + 5) = (x + 17)/(x + 53)

⇒ x² + 53x + x + 53 = x² + 17x + 5x + 85

⇒ x2 + 53x + x - x2 - 17x - 5x = 85 - 53

⇒ 32x = 32

⇒ x = 32/32

⇒ x = 1

Now,

(x + 5) and (9x – 1) = (1 + 5), (9 × 1 - 1)

⇒ 6, 8

Now,

mean proportion = √(6 × 8)

⇒ √48

⇒ 4√3

∴ Required mean proportion is 4√3.

The correct answer is IIT - Hyderabad.

Key Points 

• IIT Hyderabad has inaugurated India’s first building made of bio-bricks from agro-waste.
• The institute will submit a proposal to the Ministry of Agriculture to promote its wider adoption by the rural community.
• Researchers at the IIT demonstrated that agricultural waste can be converted into sustainable materials which, in turn, can be used to build eco-friendly, cost-effective structures.

Important Points 

• ​According to the researchers, the material exhibits excellent thermal insulation and fire-retardant properties.
• When used in roofing and wall panelling, it can effectively reduce heat gain by 5 – 6 degrees.

The correct answer is 1991.

Key Points

• On 24th July, 1991, in Lok-Sabha the Minister of States for industries, Mr. P. J. Kurian declared the Industrial Policy, 1991.
• The new policy contained policy directions for reforms and thus for LPG (Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation).
• With the exception of three industrial sectors, it expanded the scope of private sector involvement.
• The strategy has simultaneously welcomed foreign technology and investment.
• This has ended the era of license raj or red tapism in the country.

Additional Information

• Salient features of new industry policy 1991:
• Liberalized Industrial Licensing Policy:
• With the exception of 18 industries, licensing system has been removed for all other industries.
• Some of those 18 industries, where the licensing system is still mandatory are; Army and Defense, Forest Conservation, Industries engaged in manufacturing goods which are harmful to the Environment and industries, which are manufacturing luxury goods, for the affluent (very rich) class, etc.
• Localization Policy:
• Those industries which are situated in cities, where the population is less than 1 million, industrial permission from the government, to start any industry is not required.
• In cities having population of more than 1  million, with the exception of electronics and other pollution free industries, all industrial units may be 25 kilo meters away from the city’s boundary.
• Foreign Investment:
• Provision has been made to invest up to 51 percent by foreign investors in the equity shares of Indian Companies. Earlier, this limit was limited up to 40% only.
• Role of Public Sector:
• Those public sector undertakings which are not doing well at present, but in which there are enough chances of improvement, shall be re-constituted.
• Change in the MRTP Act:
• Companies having investment of Rs. 100 crores, will not be required to take prior Government permission, for opening new subdivisions, or to expand the present industry or for amalgamation of companies.

Given:

Sum = Rs. 5700

Rate = 10%

Time = 2 years

Concept used:

A = P(1 + r/100)^t

Here,

A = Amount

P = Principal or sum

r = Rate

t = time

Calculation:

A = 5700(1 + 10/100)²

⇒ A = 5700(1 + 1/10)²

⇒ A = 5700(11/10)2

⇒ A = 5700 × 121/100

⇒ A = 6897

So, amount = Rs. 6897

∴ The total amount payable on maturity would be Rs. 6897.

The correct answer is India.

Key Points

• With 22% of worldwide milk output, India is the world's top producer.
• The United States, China, Pakistan, and Brazil are next.
• The majority of the development in milk production during the 1970s has occurred in South Asia, which is the primary engine of milk production growth in the developing world.
• New Zealand, the United States of America, Germany, France, Australia, and Ireland have the highest milk surpluses.
• The nations with the greatest milk deficits are China, Italy, the Russian Federation, Mexico, Algeria, and Indonesia.

Additional Information

• Uttar Pradesh is the top milk-producing state in India, contributing 17% of the nation's total production.
• Uttar Pradesh has the highest buffalo population in the country and the second highest cattle population.
• The majority of rural population in the state is engaged in livestock and dairying.
• Number two and third place are held by Rajasthan (11.5%) and Andhra Pradesh (9%) respectively, in milk production.

The correct answer is Memory access time.

Key Points

• The amount of time it takes to move a character from or to the CPU from RAM is known as the memory access time.
• Access times for quick RAM chips are 10 nanoseconds (ns) or less.
• The memory hierarchy's design, the size of the blocks at each level, the management rules selected for each level, and the amount of time required to access data at each level all affect how quickly data can be accessed from memory.

Additional Information

• Instruction cycle:
• The central processing unit runs through an instruction cycle from the time the computer boots up until it shuts down in order to process instructions.
• The fetch stage, the decode stage, and the execute stage are the three primary stages that make up this process.
• CPU frequency:
• Clock rate, PC frequency, and CPU frequency are other terms for clock speed.
• This is measured in gigahertz, sometimes known as GHz, which stands for billions of pulses per second.
• How quickly a CPU can process data and how well a PC performs are both determined by its clock speed (move individual bits).
• Memory formatting time:
• All of the data on the memory card is permanently deleted during formatting.
• Quick format could take up to 2 minutes, depending on the size of the card. In the absence of Quick format, the procedure requires more time.

Given:

The ratio of numbers = 11 : 4

HCF of the numbers = 16

Concept used:

The largest number that divides two or more numbers is the highest common factor (HCF) for those numbers.

Calculation:

Let two numbers be 11a and 4a

According to the concept of HCF,

HCF of 11a and 4a = a

According to the question,

a = 16

So, the numbers are 11 × 16 = 176, and 4 × 16 = 64

Sum of the numbers = 176 + 64

⇒ 240

∴ The sum of these two numbers is 240.

The code for the word beautiful is:

Hence, ‘bit’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Pangaea.

Key Points 

• According to The Continental Drift Theory, all the continents formed a single continental mass named Pangaea.
• Laurasia is the northern supercontinent that was formed as part of the split of the Pangaean supercontinent during the late Mesozoic era.
• Gondwana was a supercontinent which existed from the Neoproterozoic until the Carboniferous. It broke into Antarctica, South America, Africa, Madagascar, Australia-New Guinea and New Zealand.
• Panthalassa was a superocean which surrounded the supercontinent​ ​Pangaea.
• The supercontinent, Pangaea, began to split around 200 million years ago according to Wegner.

Given:

Each interior angle of a polygon = 168°

Concept used:

Number of side (n) = 360°/θ

Interior angle + exterior angle = 180°

Here, θ = each exterior angle of the polygon

Calculation:

Each exterior angle = 180° - 168°

⇒ 12°

Let the number of sides be n

So, n = 360°/12°

⇒ n = 30

So, the number of sides of the polygon = 30

∴ This polygon has 30 sides.

The correct answer is 1969.

Key Points

• MRTP Act was passed in 1969 and became effective from 1970.
• MRTP stands for Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices.
• This Act was enacted to prevent the concentration of economic power to common detriment, control monopolies, and prohibit monopolistic and restrictive trade practices (MRTP) and matters connected therewith.

Additional Information Monopolistic and Restrictive Trade Practice under MRTP Act, 1969

• The Monopolistic and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969, was enacted.
• To ensure that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of economic power in hands of few,
• To provide for the control of monopolies, and
• To prohibit monopolistic and restrictive trade practices.
• The MRTP Act extends to the whole of India except Jammu and Kashmir.

The correct answer is 1 - c, 2 - a, 3 - d, 4 - b.

Key Points

• Puthandu:
• It is also known as Puthuvarusham.
• Puthandu is observed by Tamils as the traditional "Tamil/Hindu New Year."
• It normally occurs on April 14 and this month is known as Chittirai, the first month of the Tamil solar calendar.
• Poila Boisakh:
• The first day of the first month of Baishakh in the Bengali solar calendar is known as Pohela Boishakh.
• It is also known as the Bengali New Year or Nobo Borso.
• It is widely observed in Bangladesh and West Bengal.
• Vishu:
• Due to Malyalam being the dominant language in Kerala, Vishu is sometimes referred to as the Malyalam New Year.
• For residents of Kerala and several nearby regions of Tamil Nadu, Vishu signifies the start of the new year.
• Gudi Padwa:
• Celebrated on the first day of Chaitra month, Gudi Padwa is a New Year day for Maharashtrians and Konkanis.
• On this day a gudi can be found hanging out on the right side of the main access of the houses.

Given:

x4 - 6x2 - 1 = 0

Concept used:

If a - (1/a) = t

So,

a² + (1/a)² = t² + 2

a³ - (1/a)3 = t³ + 3(t)

Calculation:

x4 - 6x2 - 1 = 0

⇒ x² - 6 - 1/x2 = 0 [Dividing both side by x2]

⇒ x2 - 1/x2 = 6

Now,

(x6 - x-6) - 3 (x4 + x-4) = {x6 - (1/x)⁶} - 3{x4 + (1/x)4}

⇒ {(x²)3 - (1/x²)³} - 3{(x²)² + (1/x2)2}

⇒ {6³ + 3(6)} - 3{6² + 2}

⇒ {216 + 18} - 3{36 + 2}

⇒ 234 - 3 × 38

⇒ 234 - 114

⇒ 120

∴ Required answer is 120.

Pairs of letters in the word UNIVERSAL (in both forward and backward directions) each of which has as many letters between them in the word as there are in English alphabetical order are:

There have four pairs. They are 

• NR
• NS
• RS
• SV

Hence, ‘4’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is The story of the love of Pururavas and Urvasi.

Key Points

• Vikramorvasiyam is a five-act Sanskrit drama, which translates as "Urvasi Won by Valour".
• In the fourth or fifth century CE, the ancient Indian poet Kalidasa penned it.
• It is based on the Vedic love story of King Pururavas and an Apsara named Urvasi, who is noted for her beauty.
• The second of Kalidasa's three plays is Vikramorvasiyam; the other two are the well-known Abhijnanasakuntalam and Malavikagnimitram.
• Classical Sanskrit author Kalidasa is frequently recognized as the greatest poet and playwright of ancient India.
• The Vedas, the Ramayana, the Mahbarata, and the Puranas are the main sources for his plays and poems.

Additional Information

• Malavikagnimitram:
• In this drama, Sunga King Agnimitra of Vidisha falls in love with Malavika, the stunning banished handmaiden of his chief queen Dharini in the palace.
• In the fifth century CE, Kalidasa penned this drama in five acts.
• Abhijnanasakuntalam:
• A wonderful love story between Dushyanta and Shakuntala is told in the book Abhijnanasakuntalam.
• It was written by Kalidasa, one of India's greatest poets.
• The story of Nal and Damayanti:
• ​The complicated legendary love story of Nala and Damayanti exists before the Mahabharata epic.
• The sage Vrihadaswa describes the tale in the Vana Parva (Book of the Forest).

The correct answer is Tamil Nadu Women in Agriculture.

Key Points

• Tamil Nadu Women in Agriculture (TANWA) is a project initiated in Tamil Nadu to train women in the latest agricultural techniques.
• It induces women to actively participate in raising agricultural productivity and family income.
• In the late 80s, a number of women agricultural officers were roped in to take the benefits of natural farming far and wide in Tamil Nadu, apart from Odisha and Madhya Pradesh.
• The skills taught under TANWA include increasing fertilizer use efficiency, organic manure conservation Farm Yard Manure (FYM), compost-enriched , use of biofertilizer, tree cropping, field identification of pest/diseases, seed treatment, rat control, and grain storage.
• With the accumulated savings, they promote small-scale household activities like mushroom cultivation, soap manufacture, doll making, or other income-generating activities.

Given:

$\dfrac{5.2 \times 5.2 - 2.7 \times 2.7}{7.9 \times 2.5}$ = ?

Formula used:

a² - b² = (a - b)(a + b)

Calculation:

$\dfrac{5.2^2 - 2.7^2}{7.9 \times 2.5}$

⇒ $\dfrac{(5.2 - 2.7)(5.2 + 2.7)}{7.9 \times 2.5}$

⇒ $\dfrac{(2.5)(7.9)}{7.9 \times 2.5}$

⇒ 1

∴ $\dfrac{5.2 \times 5.2 - 2.7 \times 2.7}{7.9 \times 2.5}$ = 1

Given:

The elephant show runs = 80 m

The lion show runs = 120 m

Both start at 6 pm for the 1st time

Concept used:

For this type of question,

Time of 2nd time commencing = Time at 1st time commence + LCM of time taken by each 

Calculation:

LCM of 80 and 120 = 240

So, 240 minutes = 240/60 = 4 hours

So, Both will again start at 6 + 4 = 10 pm

∴ Both shows will start again at 10 pm.

The correct answer is West Bengal.

Key Points

• Poush Sankranti or Poush Parbon, a well-known event, is widely observed in West Bengal.
• In Bengal, Poush Sankranti is a lucky day when farmers begin harvesting their crops.
• Rice grains are used in Lakshmi Puja rituals as a symbol of the goddess of wealth.
• The holiday is also known as pithe parbon, and the most popular delicacy for celebration is called pithe made from rice flowers.
• West Bengal
• Chief minister: Mamata Banerjee
• Capital: Kolkata

Additional Information

• Maharashtra:
• ​Makar Sankranti is observed as Maghi Sankrant or Haldi Kumkum in Maharashtra and Goa.
• Himachal Pradesh:
• ​Locals in Himachal Pradesh observe Magha Saaji as Makar Sankranti.
• Sankranti is known locally as Saaji, and the month is called Magha.
• People visit the temples on this day to seek the Lord's blessings and take a plunge in the area's sacred rivers.
• Rajasthan:
• "Makar Sankrati" is also known as "Sakraat" in the Rajasthan.
• It is specifically observed in Jaipur as a kite-flying competition amongst several groups.
• Rajasthani specialties and sweets including pheeni, til-patti, gajak, kheer, ghevar, pakodi, puwa, and til-laddoo are served to mark the day.

The correct answer is a and c.

Key Points

• Spirulina 
• Spirulina is a unicellular Blue-Green Algae.
• It is an edible Blue Green Algae because it has large amount of proteins present.
• It can be grown artificially in water tanks.
• It is fodder for cattle.
• Chlorella
• Chlorella (green algae) is known as the Space algae and is used in space research.
• It serves as a good source of food for humans in space as it contains a high level of iron, vitamins and amino acids.
• It grows easily in the presence of sunlight, minerals and water and using hydroponics.

Additional Information

• Spirogyra
• Spirogyra is a kind of Algae.
• It is a large genus (about 400 species) of freshwater green algae found in shallow ponds, ditches and amongst the vegetation of large lakes.
• It does not form any gametes and reproduction takes place entirely within the algae.
• It often grows in short-lived ponds that build up during wet weather and dry up subsequently.
• Funaria
• Funaria belongs to the group Bryophyta.
• They don't have a vascular system.
• Funaria fertilisation is dependent on water for the transfer of sperm to the egg.
• The main plant body is a gametophyte which is independent and the sporophyte is partially or fully dependent on gametophytic generation.
• Funaria is a type of Moss commonly called Rope moss or Cord moss.

The correct answer is Aravalli.

Key Points 

• Aravalli is the oldest mountain range in the Indian subcontinent.
• The Aravali Hills lies on the western and northwestern margins of the peninsular plateau.
• Mount Abu is the famous hill station located in the Aravalli range.
• Dilwara temple is the famous Jain pilgrim center at the Aravalli range.
• Ajmer is a famous town located in the valley of Aravalli.
• The Haldighat pass is located in the Aravalli range.
• Mount Gurusikhar is the highest peak in the Aravalli range

Additional Information 

• Vindhya Range is the oldest mountain range of Madhya Pradesh.
• Kaimur hills are the easternmost hill of the Vindhya Range.
• Kakrabardi hills are the westernmost hill of the Vindhya Range.
• Satpura is the mountain located parallel to Vindhya.
• Satpura is a series of seven mountains.
• The highest peak in the Satpura range is Dhupgarh.
• The Maikal Hills is a mountain range in the state of Chhattisgarh, India.
• The Maikal Hills are located in the eastern part of Satpuras, in the Kawardha district of Chhattisgarh, overlooking the scenic town of Kawardha.

Shortcut Trick

When two objects move in the opposite direction, their relative speed is the sum of their individual speeds.

Relative Speed = 145 + 17 = 162 km/hr.

Convert to m/s: 162 × (5/18) = 45 m/s.

Time = Train Length ÷ Relative Speed = 225 ÷ 45 = 5 sec.

∴ The correct answer is 5 sec.

Alternate Method

Given:

Length of the Train = 225 m

Speed of the Train (V_T) = 145 km/hr

Speed of the Man (V_M) = 17 km/hr

Formula Used:

Time = Distance ÷ Relative Speed

Relative Speed (Opposite Direction) = V₁ + V₂

Calculations:

⇒ Relative Speed = 145 + 17 = 162 km/hr

⇒ To convert km/hr to m/s, multiply by 5/18

⇒ Relative Speed = 162 × (5/18) m/s

⇒ Relative Speed = 9 × 5 = 45 m/s

⇒ Time taken to pass = Distance ÷ Relative Speed

⇒ Time = 225 ÷ 45

⇒ Time = 5 seconds

∴ The correct answer is 5 sec.

Additional Information

Relative Speed Concept

When two objects move in the same direction, relative speed = |V₁ − V₂|. When moving in opposite directions, relative speed = V₁ + V₂.

Unit Conversion

To convert km/hr to m/s, multiply the value by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/hr, multiply the value by 18/5.

Crossing Objects

When a train crosses a stationary man or pole, the distance covered is the length of the train itself. If crossing a platform, distance = Length of Train + Length of Platform.

The correct answer is 73.

Key Points

• Part IX to the Indian Constitution
• The idea of the Panchayati Raj system in India signifies the system of rural local self-government.
• The 73rd amendment act added a new part IX and article 243 to 243 O to the Indian constitution.
• The 73rd amendment act of the Indian constitution gave constitutional status to the Panchayati raj system.
• The term Panchayati raj was coined by Jawahar Lal Nehru.
• The Panchayati Raj Act came into force on 24th April 1993.
• April 24th is observed as the national Panchayati raj day since 2011.
• Important committees constituted for recommendations regarding Panchayati raj in India:
• Balwant Rai Mehta committee.
• V.T. Krishnammachari committee.
• Ashok Mehta Committee.
• G.V.K. Rao Committee.
• L.M. Singhvi Committee.
• P.K. Thungon Committee.

Additional InformationSome important amendment

The correct answer is Haldia.

Key Points

• The National Waterway 1 connect Haldia - Allahabad.
• On Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly River System
• Length:1620
• Passing Through: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand & West Bengal
• In 1986 the Government of India created the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) for regulation and development of Inland Waterways for Navigation and shipping.
• The headquarters of IWAI is located in, Noida Uttar Pradesh.

Additional Information

 Other important National Waterway of India

The correct answer is Mewati.

Key Points

• Pandit Jasraj was a Mewati gharana-affiliated classical performer from India.
• Jasraj was a groundbreaking artist whose egalitarian outlook made him famous.
• People adored his devotional music and he retained popular appeal in a manner where bhava (passion) and devotion were key.
• He blended Indian devotional music such as haveli sangeet and bhajans (devotional songs/hymns) into a classical environment, making them into serious compositions.
• Mewati gharana was founded by brothers Utd. Ghagge Nazir Khan and Utd. Wahid Khan of Indore.

Additional Information

• Gwalior:
• One of the earliest Khyal Gharana in Indian classical music is that of Gwalior.
• The Mughal emperor Akbar's (1556–1605) reign marked the beginning of the Gwalior Gharana's ascent.
• The most well-known vocalist at the court, Miyan Tansen, was a native of Gwalior.
• Kirana:
• One of the Indian traditional khyal gharanas is Kirana, and its primary focus is on note intonation (swara).
• Agra:
• Agra gharana is a lineage of Nauhar Bani-related Hindustani classical vocal music. Nauhar Bani has so far been linked to the reign of Delhi's Emperor Allauddin Khilji in the year 1300 AD.
• Nayak Gopal is the first musician in this style who is known. The Gharana's dominant fashion at the time was "Dhrupad-Dhamar."

Seven friends - M, N, O, P, Q, R and S live on seven different floors of the same building, having floors in such a manner that the ground floor is numbered 1, the floor above it number 2, and so on till the topmost floor is numbered 7.

1. M lives on floor number 1.
2. Q lives immediately above M.
3. Only four friends live between the floors of Q and N.

4. Only three friends live between the floors of P and M.

5. R lives immediately below O.

Only one person S is left and only one floor 6 is vacant.

So, S will occupy the vacant position on 6th floor.

The final arrangement will be as shown below:

S lives on the sixth floor.

Hence, ‘S’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Kohima, Nagaland.

Key Points

• In 1991, Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) was set up as an autonomous society in the field of Science & Technology under the Mnistry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
• Nagaland’s first and India’s 61st Software Technology Park of India (STPI) centre was opened on September 17, 2021, in Kohima.
• The Center was inaugurated by the Union Minister of State for Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Electronics and IT Rajeev Chandrashekhar.
• Mmhonlumo Kikon, Advisor to the Department of IT, Science and Technology, New & Renewable Energy announced that Nagaland Government has decided to create 5,000 jobs for the IT and Information Technology-enabled services (ITES) in the next 2 years.

Additional Information

• About Nagaland (As of July 2022)
• Present Chief Minister of Nagaland is - Neiphiu Rio.
• Present Governor of Nagaland is - Prof Jagdish Mukhi.
• Total Rajya Sabha seats in Nagaland - 1
• Total Lok Sabha seats in Nagaland - 1

9th letter from the left:

(Left) Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N M L K J I H G F E D C B A (Right)

2nd to the right of 9th letter from the left:

(Left) Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N M L K J I H G F E D C B A (Right)

Hence, ‘P’ is the correct answer.

Shortcut Trick

A does 2/3 work in 8 days → Full work in 12 days.

Efficiency ratio A : B = 100 : 60 = 5 : 3.

Total Work = 12 × 5 = 60 units.

Work done by A + B in 5 days = (5 + 3) × 5 = 40 units.

Remaining work (20 units) done by C in 6 days ⇒ Efficiency of C = 20 / 6 = 10/3.

Time for A + C = 60 ÷ (5 + 10/3) = 60 ÷ (25/3) = 180 / 25 = 7¹/₅ days.

∴ The correct answer is 7¹/₅ days.

Alternate Method

Given:

A completes 66²/₃% (2/3) of work in 8 days.

B is 40% less efficient than A.

A and B work for 5 days, then C finishes the rest in 6 days.

Calculations:

⇒ Time taken by A for full work = 8 × (3/2) = 12 days.

⇒ Efficiency of B = 60% of A ⇒ Efficiency A : B = 5 : 3.

⇒ If A (Efficiency 5) takes 12 days, Total Work = 5 × 12 = 60 units.

⇒ Work done by A and B in 5 days = (5 + 3) × 5 = 40 units.

⇒ Remaining work = 60 − 40 = 20 units.

⇒ Efficiency of C = Remaining work ÷ Time = 20 / 6 = 10/3 units/day.

⇒ Combined Efficiency of A and C = 5 + 10/3 = 25/3 units/day.

⇒ Time taken by A and C = 60 ÷ (25/3) = (60 × 3) / 25 = 180 / 25 = 36 / 5 days.

⇒ 36 / 5 = 7¹/₅ days.

∴ The correct answer is 7¹/₅ days.

Additional Information

Efficiency and Time Relation

The efficiency of a person is inversely proportional to the time taken to complete the work. Efficiency ∝ 1 / Time.

Total Work Formula

Total Work = Efficiency × Time. This is the fundamental formula used to solve Time & Work problems.

Combined Efficiency

When people work together, their individual efficiencies are added to find the total work done per day.

Percentage to Fraction

66²/₃% is equivalent to 2/3, and 40% is equivalent to 2/5.

The pattern/logic is:

1. 14 ∶ 85 → 14 × 6 + 1 = 84 + 1 = 85
2. 18 ∶ 107 → 18 × 6 + 1 = 108 + 1 = 109 ≠ 107
3. 16 ∶ 97 → 16 × 6 + 1 = 96 + 1 = 97
4. 22 ∶ 133 → 22 × 6 + 1 = 132 + 1 = 133

Hence, ‘18 ∶ 107’ is the odd one out.

Given:

The sides of the triangle are 10 cm, 24 cm, and 26 cm

Concept used:

Area of a triangle = 1/2 × base × height

Calculation:

Here,

AB = Height = 10 cm and BC = Base = 24 cm

So, the area of the right angle triangle = 1/2 × 10 × 24

⇒ 5 × 24

⇒ 120 cm²

∴ The area of a right-angled triangle is 120 cm2.

Additional InformationHere 10, 24, and 26 are the pythagorean triplets.

Statement: There is a huge increase in the migration of citizens of Country X to foreign countries as the unemployment rate has been increasing in Country X.

(I) As the unemployment rate has been increasing in Country X, So the citizens of Country X should be provided with alternative sources of income for surviving. 

(II) Imposing substantial fees can not reduce the unemployment problem of country X.

Therefore, only course of action (I) follows.

Hence, the correct answer is Option (1).

Some rules to solve Statements and Course of action questions must be kept in mind while solving it.

Rule 1. Have an unbiased and neutral mind frame. Individual perception must not be used to judge the course of action to be taken.

Rule 2. The first step should be to identify the root cause of the problem. Once the problem is solved, a logical mindset should be employed to figure out the course of action.

Rule 3. There must be no extremity involved in the course of action.

Rule 4. A course of action must be able to solve, reduce, or minimize the problem given in the situation.

Seven friends - Harshita, Eshika, Jaismine, Kapil, Reshma, Mohit and Nilesh are sitting around a circular table facing towards the centre.

1. Harshita is sitting second to the right of Mohit and third to the left of Kapil.

2. Eshika and Jaismine are the immediate neighbours of Kapil.

3. Nilesh is sitting second to the right of Eshika.

 

The above condition cannot be satisfied in Case I, so it is eliminated.

Only Reshma is left and she will occupy the vacant position.

The final arrangement will be as shown below:

Clearly, Reshma is sitting to the immediate right of Harshita.

Hence, ‘Reshma’ is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Ctrl + Y.

Key Points

• To redo something you've undone, press Ctrl+Y or F4.
• Microsoft created the word processing program known as Microsoft Word.
• It is a component of the Microsoft Office suite of productivity software.
• Since its initial release in 1983, Microsoft Word has undergone a number of revisions.
• MS Word is useful for modifying and formatting existing documents as well as creating professional writing.
• It aids with the creation of graphic documents that include images and more.
• The documents can be copied to a flash drive, which functions as your computer's external memory. As a result, you may easily carry along the saved documents.

Additional Information

• Alt+Z is a keyboard shortcut used to access the GeForce Experience in-game overlay.
• Alt+Y is a keyboard shortcut used to open the Database Tools tab in Microsoft Access.
• In MS Word, Ctrl + R is used to align the text to the right of the screen.
• Various Shortcuts in Ms Word:
• Backspace: Delete one character to the left
• Ctrl+Backspace: Delete one word to the left
• Delete: Delete one character to the right
• Ctrl+Delete: Delete one word to the right
• Ctrl+C: Copy or graphics to the Clipboard text
• Ctrl+X: Cut selected text or graphics to the Clipboard
• Ctrl+V: Paste the Clipboard contents
• Alt+Shift+R: Copy the header or footer used in the previous section of the document
• Ctrl+B: Apple bold formatting
• Ctrl+I: Apply italic formatting
• Ctrl+U: Apply underline formatting
• Ctrl+Shift+W: Apply underline formatting to words, but not the spaces between words
• Ctrl+Shift+D: Apply double underline formatting
• Ctrl+D: Open the Font dialog box

Statements:

X < Y, X = J, Y ≤ M, Z ≤ J

Conclusions:

I. Y = J → False (As, J = X < Y → J < Y)

II. M > Z → True (As, Z ≤ J = X < Y ≤ M → Z < M)

Hence, only conclusion II follows.