Environmental Studies PYQs

Experimentation refers to the systematic and controlled process of conducting scientific investigations to test hypotheses, explore phenomena, or gather empirical evidence.

Key Points The correct statements about experimentation are:

• Results of the experiments must not be given in the textbook so that students themselves can observe, inquire, and generalize. This statement emphasizes the importance of allowing students to actively engage in the process of experimentation. By withholding the results, students have the opportunity to make their own observations, draw conclusions, and develop their critical thinking skills.
• Results of the experiments must not be provided by the teacher since experimentation is about observation, inquiry, and generalization. This statement aligns with the nature of experimentation, which involves students actively exploring and discovering knowledge through firsthand experiences. By allowing students to generate their own results, they can develop a deeper understanding of scientific concepts and engage in the process of inquiry.

Thus, it is concluded that B and D only is the correct answer.

Key Points

• Designing a task that involves learners actively exploring plants and trees allows them to directly observe and examine the shapes and colors of leaves and flowers.
• This hands-on approach promotes experiential learning, encourages curiosity, and enables students to develop their observation skills.
• By engaging in activities such as field trips, nature walks, or outdoor investigations, students can interact with real plants and trees, collect samples, make observations, and document their findings.
• This method provides a more authentic and interactive learning experience compared to simply providing pictures or repeating concepts.

Thus, it is concluded that the most appropriate method for determining shapes and colors of leaves and flowers in an EVS classroom can be designing a task involving learners to explore plants and trees.

Bheem's question reflects his ability to observe the difference in color between flowers and fruits compared to the green leaves of plants. This observation prompts him to raise a question about the reason behind this phenomenon.

Key Points

• Observation is the process skill of carefully and attentively noting details and characteristics of objects or phenomena. Bheem's observation of the color variation in different plant parts is a demonstration of this skill.
• Raising questions is another important process skill that involves the ability to ask meaningful and relevant questions to seek further understanding or clarification. Bheem's question about the color difference between flowers, fruits, and leaves showcases his skill of raising questions to explore and acquire knowledge.

Therefore, the correct process skills exhibited by Bheem are A and C only: Observation and Raising questions.

Key Points

• This question is based on experiential learning in EVS. Instead of simply telling children whether grass dies when its leaves are damaged, the teacher should provide them with an opportunity to observe and experience it themselves.
• It encourages direct observation, exploration and learning through experience, which is appropriate for EVS.

Hint

• Option 1: Gives an explanation but does not allow children to investigate.
• Option 2: Provides factual information directly rather than encouraging observation.
• Option 4: Again gives information instead of allowing children to discover it.

Thus, it is concluded that the most appropriate response for the teacher to take the students to garden, make them walk and sit on grass and see what happens

Creative essay writing allows students to explore their ideas, thoughts, and perspectives on the topic of space travel. It prompts them to think beyond the information provided and engage in critical thinking.

Key Points

• Kavish, the EVS teacher, is encouraging imagination and divergent thinking by using creative essay writing to teach the concept of 'Space travel'.
• This approach allows students to explore their creativity, think beyond boundaries, and express their ideas through writing.
• It promotes critical thinking, problem-solving, and the development of innovative ideas.

Thus, it is concluded that he is trying to encourage imagination and divergent thinking.

A classroom discussion provides an opportunity for students to engage in an open dialogue and share their thoughts and knowledge.

Key Points

• Through discussion, the teacher can facilitate a conversation where students can explore the factors that contribute to floods in different areas. They can discuss geographical factors, weather patterns, river systems, and other relevant aspects that influence the occurrence of floods in specific regions.
• During the classroom discussion, the teacher can encourage students to share their observations, experiences, and prior knowledge about floods.
• They can also discuss the similarities and differences between Gujarat and Chhutki's cities in terms of geographical features, climate, and water systems.
• This discussion will help Chhutki and other students develop a deeper understanding of why floods may occur in one area and not in another.

Thus, it is concluded that classroom discussion will be the most appropriate to solve this question.

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the preoperational stage typically occurs between the ages of 2 and 7 years. During this stage, children's thinking becomes more symbolic and representational, but they still have limitations in their logical reasoning abilities.

Key Points

• Chhutki's complaint about receiving less panna in a glass tumbler demonstrates a characteristic of the preoperational stage known as centration.
• Centration refers to the tendency of young children to focus on only one aspect of a situation or object and neglect other relevant factors. In this case, Chhutki is focusing on the appearance of the panna in the glass tumbler, assuming that it is less than what she received in the steel tumbler, without considering other possibilities such as different shapes or sizes of the containers.
• This stage is also characterized by egocentrism, where children struggle to understand different perspectives and often perceive things solely from their own point of view. Chhutki's complaint reflects her egocentric thinking, as she is not considering Uncle's perspective or the possibility of equal amounts of panna in different containers.

Therefore, Chhutki's response aligns with the typical cognitive characteristics observed during the preoperational stage of Piaget's theory.

Key Points

• By making students work in heterogeneous groups: Working in heterogeneous groups means grouping students with diverse abilities and backgrounds together. This approach allows for peer interaction, collaboration, and cooperative learning. Students can learn from each other, support one another, and develop important social and communication skills. By working in heterogeneous groups, students with individual differences can benefit from the strengths of their peers and experience a sense of belonging in the classroom.

Thus, it is concluded that C only is the correct answer.

Shama's challenges include feeling isolated and not understanding the class material. By implementing options C and D, the teacher can address these concerns effectively.

Key Points

• Planning a play with an important role for Shama: Involving Shama in a class play provides her with an opportunity to actively participate and showcase her abilities. It helps boost her confidence, encourages peer interaction, and promotes a sense of achievement. By giving Shama a significant role, the teacher acknowledges her unique strengths and fosters a positive self-image.
• Talk with teachers and make sure that Shama understands what is being taught in the class: Talking with other teachers and making sure that Shama understands what is being taught in the class can indeed be beneficial. It helps ensure that Shama is receiving the necessary support and accommodations to address any challenges she might be facing in understanding the class material.

Thus, it is concluded that C and D only is the correct answer.

Textbooks can be valuable resources, they are not the sole source of learning. Teachers should supplement textbook content with other materials, hands-on activities, and real-life experiences to enhance the learning process and develop process skills effectively.

Key Points

• Textbooks can be a valuable resource for providing information and content knowledge in EVS, they are often limited in their ability to promote the development of process skills. These skills, such as observation, experimentation, critical thinking, and problem-solving, are essential for a deep understanding of the subject.
• Textbooks tend to present information in a linear and passive manner, which may not encourage active engagement and inquiry. To truly develop process skills, it's important to use a variety of resources and activities that allow students to explore, investigate, and discover on their own.

Thus, it is concluded that Option 1 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is a, c and e. 

Key Points

• The question is asking about the responsibilities of a group leader in mountaineering.
• Option 1 - The responsibility of helping others in carrying their bags is not specifically mentioned as a responsibility of a group leader in mountaineering.
• Option 2 - This option includes the responsibilities of finding a good place to stop for rest, arranging food for the group, and looking after those who are not well, which are important responsibilities of a group leader in mountaineering.
• Option 3 - Asking those who cannot climb properly to stay back may not necessarily be the responsibility of a group leader in mountaineering.
• It may be more appropriate for a guide or medical professional to make that decision.
• Option 4 - Keeping oneself at the front and letting the group follow is not necessarily a responsibility of a group leader in mountaineering.
• The leader may need to be at the front to navigate, but they should also be checking on the group and ensuring everyone is safe.
• Based on the analysis of the options, the correct answer is option 2.
• Responsibilities of a group leader in mountaineering: -
• Finding a good place to stop for rest is important for the group's safety and well-being.
• Arranging food for the group is necessary to ensure everyone has the energy to continue the climb.
• Looking after those who are not well is crucial to prevent any health issues from escalating.
• Leading the group and ensuring their safety should be the top priority for the group leader.

Additional Information

• While helping others in carrying their bags may be a kind gesture, it is not necessarily a responsibility of a group leader in mountaineering.
• Asking those who cannot climb properly to stay back may be more appropriate for a guide or medical professional to decide.
• Keeping oneself at the front and letting the group follow may not be the best approach for ensuring everyone's safety.
• The group leader should be checking on the group and ensuring everyone is safe.

The correct answer is 1.078 kilometre.

Key Points

In the given question,

Distance between Fateh Darwaza and The Jamali Darwaza =9.8 c.m.

If 1 c.m.=110 meter 

then 9.8 cm= 9.8* 110= 1078.0 meter 

we know that,

1 kilometer= 1000 meter

then 1078 meter = 1.078 kilometer

Additional Information

• The scale of a map is used to convert distances on the map to actual distances on the ground.
• To calculate the actual distance between two places on a map, we need to multiply the measured distance on the map with the scale of the map.
• It is important to use the correct unit of measurement when converting distances on a map to actual distances on the ground.
• In this question, the correct unit of measurement to use is kilometers as the options given are all in kilometers.

The correct answer is Puducherry is on the Coast of Bay of Bengal whereas Goa is on the Arabian Sea Coast.

Key Points

• Indian States/ Union territories with the coast on the Arabian Sea
• Gujrat
• Maharashtra
• Goa
• Daman and Diu
• Karnataka
• Kerela
• Lakshwadeep
• Dadra and Nagar Haveli
• Indian States / Union Territories with the coast on the Bay of Bengal:
• West Bengal
• Odisha
• Andhra Pradesh
• Tamil Nadu
• Puducherry
• Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Additional Information

• Goa is located on the Arabian Sea Coast.
• Puducherry is located on the Bay of Bengal Coast.
• The two places are on opposite coasts of India.
• The Arabian Sea is located on the western coast of India, while the Bay of Bengal is located on the eastern coast of India.

The correct answer is It is related to women's issues. 

Key Points

• Gender issues cover an extensive range of difficulties and disparities that individuals face due to their gender identities and societal expectations related to them.
• Women's issues, such as gender inequality, reproductive rights, wage gaps, and more, are crucial facets of gender issues.
• These issues demand significant attention and remedial action due to the historical and ongoing disparities faced by women across the world.
• Gender issues refers to the diverse array of challenges individuals face due to their gender identity. This covers clear disparities regarding access to resources, opportunities, representation, and rights.
• These are not limited to any specific gender; it includes men, women, and people who identify as non-binary or transgender.

Additional Information

• According to various researches, a spectrum of gender issues primarily impacting women - such as gaps in education access, economic inequality, and food security - is evident. These are certainly aspects of gender issues, but the term itself encompasses so much more.

For example, men's issues might include societal pressures that encourage unhealthy behaviors or attitudes, such as suppressing emotions which could potentially lead to mental health issues. Also, challenges faced by the LGBTQ+ community, like discrimination or lack of acceptance, are included under the umbrella of gender issues.

The correct answer is Assam, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh.

Key Points

Additional Information

• Assam is the largest oil-producing state of India.
• Gujarat is also a major oil-producing state and India's largest oil refinery is also located in Gujarat.
• Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh also have significant oil reserves.
• India's oil production meets only about 20% of its domestic demand, the rest is imported.

The correct answer is A and C.

Key Points

• The question is about the housing patterns in different regions of India.
• The correct option is option 4, which means that statements A and C are correct.
• Statement A:
• ​In Leh, two floor houses are made with flat roof. Ground floor is for the animals and storing necessary items.
• This is a traditional style of architecture in the region.
• Statement B: 
• In Himachal Pradesh houses are made on bamboo pillars which is wrong. The Houses of Himachal Pradesh are made of wood and stone.
• The houses of Assam are made of Bamboo and made on Bamboo pillars.
• Statement C: In the villages of Rajasthan, people live in mud houses with roofs made of thorny bushes.
• This is also a traditional style of architecture in the region.
• Statement D: In Srinagar, most people live on houseboats.
• This statement is not correct.
• Option 1 is incorrect as only statement A cannot be the correct one.
• Option 2 is incorrect as only statement D cannot be the correct one.
• Option 3 is incorrect as statement B is not correct

The correct answer is Karnam Malleswari.

Key Points

• Option 1: Bachendri Pal is the first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest in 1984.
• Option 2: Afsana Mansuri is not a weightlifter and has not won any Olympic medal.
• Option 3: Sunita Williams is an American astronaut of Indian origin and has not won any Olympic medal.
• Option 4: Karnam Malleswari is the correct answer.
• She won a bronze medal in weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.
• She is the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal in weightlifting.
• She is also the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal in an individual event.
• Malleswari was awarded the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, India's highest sporting honor, in 1995-96.

The correct answer is A and D.

Key Points

(A) Tribal people have been using bronze since thousands of years.

• This statement is true.
• They use it for tools like weapons and cookware etc, but also for cool ceremonial stuff like statues and instruments.
• Even today, they're making modern art and earning a living with this ancient metal, all while keeping their traditions alive.

(B) The colour of bronze is shining yellow.

• This statement is false.
• While bronze has a warm golden hue, it's not "shining yellow" like polished gold.
• It has a distinct reddish-brown tone compared to the pure yellow of gold.

(C) Bronze is made by melting a mixture of copper and zinc.

• This statement is false.
• Bronze is primarily an alloy of copper and tin, not zinc.
• Though some modern alloys might include zinc, the traditional and most common composition utilizes tin.

(D) The elements (metals) used in making bronze are obtained from deep mines.

• This statement is partially true.
• Bronze is an alloy of basically copper and tin. Sometimes zinc was also added although most of the component is copper.
• Copper and tin are often found in ore deposits deep underground, they can also be mined from surface deposits and even extracted from recycled materials.

Additional Information

• Bronze is an alloy made by mixing copper and tin or zinc.
• Bronze was first created around 3500 BC in the Middle East.
• Copper and zinc can be obtained from both surface and deep mines.
• Bronze was widely used in ancient times for making weapons, tools, and sculptures.

The correct answer is An ideal family can mean different things to different people.

Key Points

• An ideal family can mean different things to different people and there is no one definition of what a perfect family should be.
• An ideal family can be defined differently by different people.
• A family can consist of both blood-related and non-blood-related persons.
• A family can consist of single parents and their children.
• Family is not limited to only traditional structures.

The correct answer is Transhumance.

Key Points

• Transhumance is a seasonal movement of people along with their livestock to new pastures in search of better grazing lands.
• This movement is usually done during the dry season when the availability of food and water is scarce.
• Transhumance is a traditional practice that has been followed by many pastoral communities around the world.
• Displacement refers to forced migration due to conflict, natural disasters, or other reasons.
• Migration is the movement of people from one place to another in search of better opportunities or quality of life.
• Nomads are people who do not have a permanent settlement and keep moving from one place to another in search of food and water.

Additional Information

• Displacement can also refer to the forced movement of people from their homes due to development projects or government policies.
• Migration can be either internal (within a country) or international (between countries).
• Nomads may or may not practice transhumance depending on their lifestyle and cultural practices.
• Transhumance is an important practice for sustainable livestock management as it allows for the regeneration of pastures and prevents overgrazing.