Bihar Jeevika (Block Project Manager) : (24 Nov 2025, Evening Shift) MBT (Previous Year Paper)

The correct answer is LIGO-India.

Key Points

• LIGO-India (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) is an advanced gravitational-wave observatory.
• It is designed to detect cosmic gravitational waves and to develop gravitational-wave observatory technology.
• Gravitational waves are ripples in spacetime caused by some of the most violent and energetic processes in the Universe.
• LIGO-India will work in conjunction with other LIGO detectors located in the United States to improve the detection and analysis of gravitational wave signals.

Additional Information

• James Webb Space Telescope: This is a large, space-based observatory optimized for infrared astronomy.
• ISRO’s Astrosat: This is India's first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory.
• Hubble Space Telescope: This is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation.

The Correct answer is Option 3. 

Key Points

1. Statement (1): Chandrayaan-3 is a follow-on mission to Chandrayaan-2, aimed at demonstrating India's capability for a safe landing and roving on the lunar surface, specifically on the Moon's south pole. This makes Statement (1) correct.
2. Statement (2): Chandrayaan-3 was successfully launched using the Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3), also known as GSLV Mk III, which is ISRO's heavy-lift launch vehicle. This makes Statement (2) correct.

Thus, both statements are true.

The Correct Answer is Elon Musk.

Key Points

• SpaceX is an American aerospace company founded in 2002 by Elon Musk that helped usher in the era of commercial spaceflight.
• Its name in full is Space Exploration Technologies Corporation.
• SpaceX designs, manufactures and launches the world's most advanced rockets and spacecraft.
• SpaceX has gained worldwide attention for a series of historic milestones.

Additional Information

• Thomas Keith Glennan was the first Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, formally established on October 1, 1958, under the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958.
• An ardent renaissance man, he has additionally worked in an award-winning capacity in a variety of roles ranging from engineering, sales, solutions design, solutions delivery, to executive management. Frank holds an MBA from the University of California Haas School of Business.
• Lightfoot received a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering in 1986 from the University of Alabama. In October 2007, he was named Distinguished Departmental Fellow for the University of Alabama.

The correct answer is Swachh Bharat Mission Grameen

Key Points

• Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation has launched the GOBAR (Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agra Resources)-DHAN scheme.
• The scheme is being implemented as part of the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin)
• The Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) comprises two main components for creating clean villages:

1. Creating Open Defecation Free (ODF) villages
2. Managing solid and liquid waste in villages.

• The GOBAR-DHAN scheme, with its focus on keeping villages clean, increasing the income of rural households, and generation of energy from cattle waste, is an important element of this ODF-plus strategy.

The correct answer is Option 1

In News

• Recent studies published in Nature revealed that ecDNA challenges Mendel's third law of genetics and plays a significant role in cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance.

Key Points

• ecDNA refers to circular DNA structures that break away from chromosomes and float freely in the nucleus.
• Unlike chromosomal DNA, ecDNA amplifies oncogenes, accelerating tumour growth and enabling drug resistance.
• ecDNA does not adhere to Mendel's laws, as it clusters during cell division, enhancing gene interactions in cancer cells. Hence, option 1 is correct.

The correct answer is Jawaharlal Nehru

Key Points

• Jawaharlal Nehru wrote the book "The Discovery of India".
• Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of independent India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence.
• The book was written by Nehru during his imprisonment in 1942-1946 at Ahmednagar fort in Maharashtra, India.
• "The Discovery of India" provides an insight into Indian history, philosophy, and culture from Nehru's perspective.
• The book reflects Nehru's vision of India and his deep love and respect for its rich cultural heritage.

Additional Information

• Jawaharlal Nehru played a significant role in the Indian independence movement under the guidance of Mahatma Gandhi.
• He was a key architect in the formation of modern India's government and political culture.
• Besides "The Discovery of India", Nehru also authored other notable works such as "Glimpses of World History" and "An Autobiography".
• His writings continue to be influential in understanding India's journey to independence and its subsequent development.
• Nehru's vision laid the foundation for India's commitment to democracy, secularism, and social justice.

The correct answer is Poona Pact.

Key Points

• The Poona Pact was an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and B.R.Ambedkar on behalf of Dalits, depressed class, and upper caste Hindu leaders on the reservation of electoral seats for the depressed classes in the legislature of British India in 1932.
• It was made on 24 September 1932 at Yerawada Central Jail, Poona.
• It was signed by Ambedkar on behalf of the depressed classes and by Madan Mohan Malviya on behalf of Hindus, Faraz Shah, Sana Ejaz and Gandhi.

Additional Information

• The Lucknow Pact was an agreement reached between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League (AIML) at a joint session of both the parties held in Lucknow in December 1916.
• The Cripps Mission was sent by the British government to India in March 1942 to obtain Indian cooperation for the British war efforts in the 2^nd World War.
• Gandhi-Irwin Pact is the name given to a political agreement concluded by Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, the then Viceroy of India, on 5^th March 1931.

The correct answer is Sending scientists 6,000 meters underwater.

Key Points

• Samudrayaan is India’s first manned deep-sea mission aimed at sending a submersible vessel with scientists to explore the deep ocean at a depth of up to 6,000 meters.
• It is a part of the Deep Ocean Mission launched by the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India.
• The submersible, named MATSYA 6000, is designed to carry three people and is equipped with advanced scientific instruments for deep-sea exploration.
• The mission is set to be completed by 2026 and aims to study deep-sea biodiversity, mineral resources, and the impact of climate change on the ocean ecosystem.
• Samudrayaan will position India among the elite nations like the USA, Russia, Japan, France, and China that have developed deep-sea manned submersible technologies.

Additional Information

• Deep Ocean Mission (DOM):
• The Deep Ocean Mission is a flagship initiative of the Ministry of Earth Sciences to explore the deep oceans and sustainably harness ocean resources.
• The mission consists of multiple components, including deep-sea mining, underwater robotics, and research on marine biodiversity.
• MATSYA 6000 Submersible:
• MATSYA 6000 is an indigenously developed deep-sea submersible capable of diving to depths of 6,000 meters.
• It features a titanium alloy sphere to withstand extreme pressure and advanced imaging systems for underwater research.
• Potential Benefits:
• Exploration of polymetallic nodules, which are rich in minerals like manganese, nickel, cobalt, and copper.
• Understanding deep-sea ecosystems, which is crucial for biodiversity conservation and climate change research.
• Global Context:
• Countries like the USA (Alvin submersible), China (Jiaolong submersible), and Japan have advanced capabilities in manned deep-sea missions.
• Samudrayaan will help India achieve technological self-reliance in deep-sea exploration and research.

The correct answer is Tamil Nadu

In News

• Tamil Nadu state government launched the "Neengal Nalama" Scheme to uplift families within the state.

Key Points

• The primary objective of the "Neengal Nalama" plan is to evaluate the effectiveness of important government schemes and to provide assistance to people facing any issues or challenges.
• The plan was launched on March 6, 2024.
• The plan was inaugurated by Minister of Rural Development I. Periyasamy, along with the presence of Chief Minister M.K. Stalin and other significant dignitaries.
• The plan involves contacting beneficiaries across the state of Tamil Nadu to assess their well-being and to address any concerns or problems they may have encountered.
• The plan is also known as the 'Are you alright plan' or the Neengal Nalama Scheme 2024.
• It is a comprehensive initiative aimed at providing support to all families in Tamil Nadu.

The correct answer is Jeevika Health Insurance Scheme.

Key Points

• The Jeevika Health Insurance Scheme is an initiative by the Bihar government aimed at providing health insurance coverage to rural households.
• It primarily focuses on families associated with self-help groups (SHGs) under the Jeevika program.
• The scheme offers financial assistance for healthcare expenses, ensuring access to quality medical services for economically weaker sections.
• It is part of the Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS) initiative, which aims to reduce healthcare-related financial burdens on rural communities.
• This scheme is an important step towards improving healthcare accessibility in rural Bihar, aligning with state-level efforts to support marginalized populations.

Additional Information

• Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS):
• BRLPS is an autonomous body under the Bihar government, implementing the Jeevika program to promote sustainable livelihoods.
• It works to empower rural communities through self-help groups and various socio-economic initiatives.
• The Jeevika Health Insurance Scheme is one of its key healthcare-focused efforts.
• Self-Help Groups (SHGs):
• SHGs are small voluntary associations of people, often women, formed to address economic and social challenges collectively.
• Under the Jeevika program, SHGs play a critical role in accessing health insurance benefits for their members.
• Health Insurance in India:
• Health insurance schemes like Ayushman Bharat aim to provide financial protection against medical expenses.
• State-level schemes, such as Jeevika, complement national programs by addressing specific local needs.
• Challenges in Rural Healthcare:
• Lack of access to quality medical facilities and financial barriers are key challenges in rural India.
• Schemes like Jeevika address these issues by reducing the economic burden and improving healthcare accessibility.

The Correct Answer is ​Anish Kapoor.

In News

• London-based Indian-origin artist Anish Kapoor tops the Hurun India Art List 2024.

Key Points

• Anish Kapoor, a London-based Indian-origin artist, has topped the Hurun India Art List 2024.
• For the sixth consecutive year, London-based Indian origin artist Anish Kapoor has topped the Hurun India Art List of the most successful Indian artists alive, released by the Hurun Research Institute.
• The list ranks the top 50 living Indian artists according to the sales of their works sold at public auctions as of January 1, 2024.
• The top 5 artists from the Hurun India Art List 2024 are:
• Anish Kapoor (₹1,000 crore)
• Subodh Gupta (₹500 crore)
• Jitish Kallat (₹400 crore)
• Atul Dodiya (₹300 crore)
• Bharti Kher (₹250 crore)

The correct answer is Mumbai.

Key Points

• Mumbai defeated Madhya Pradesh by five wickets in the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy final held in Bengaluru.
• The team successfully chased a target of 175, finishing at 180 for five in just 17.5 overs.
• This win marked Mumbai's second Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy title, with their first victory coming in 2022.
• Key contributions came from Suryakumar Yadav (48), Ajinkya Rahane (37), and a crucial partnership between Suryansh Shedge (36*) and Atharva Ankolekar (16*).

Additional Information

• The Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy is India's premier domestic T20 cricket tournament, named after the legendary Indian cricketer.
• Suryakumar Yadav and Ajinkya Rahane played crucial roles in stabilizing Mumbai’s innings after early setbacks.
• Rajat Patidar was the standout performer for Madhya Pradesh, scoring an unbeaten 81 runs, his fifth fifty of the tournament.
• Madhya Pradesh is yet to win its first Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy title.
• The match showcased exceptional performances in a high-stakes environment, with Mumbai ultimately prevailing due to their collective batting strength.

The correct answer is The scheme provides Rs 50,000 over 5 years to women aged 21-60 years.

In News

• The SUBHADRA scheme, launched by Prime Minister Modi in Odisha, provides Rs 50,000 over 5 years to women aged 21-60 years.

Key Points

• The scheme aims to benefit over 1 crore women in Odisha.
• Funds are directly credited to Aadhaar-linked bank accounts via DBT (Direct Benefit Transfer).
• The scheme is linked to a pilot project with RBI's digital currency initiative.
• Under this, all eligible beneficiaries between the age of 21-60 years would receive Rs. 50,000/- over a period of 5 years between 2024-25 to 2028-29.
• An amount of Rs 10,000/- per annum in 2 equal installments will be credited directly to the beneficiary’s Aadhaar-enabled & DBT-enabled bank account.

Additional Information

• SUBHADRA Scheme: A women-centric financial support scheme launched in Odisha.
• Aadhaar-Linked Bank Accounts: A system where funds are transferred directly to verified bank accounts linked to Aadhaar.
• DBT (Direct Benefit Transfer): A system ensuring that subsidies and benefits reach the eligible beneficiaries directly into their bank accounts.

The correct answer is Pradhan Mantri Samajik Utthan and Rozgar Adharit Jankalyan

In News

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurates ‘Pradhan Mantri Samajik Utthan and Rozgar Adharit Jankalyan’ (PM-SURAJ) national portal, emphasizing credit support for one lakh entrepreneurs from disadvantaged communities.

Key Points

• PM-SURAJ portal signifies the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment’s commitment to prioritizing underprivileged individuals in development initiatives.
• The event includes interactions with beneficiaries of schemes like NAMASTE, VCF-SC, VCF-BC, and ASIIM, aimed at economic upliftment of Scheduled Castes, backward classes, and Safai Mitras.
• Ministry distributes Ayushman health cards and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) kits to Safai Mitras under the NAMASTE program, ensuring access to cashless healthcare services and safety for frontline workers.
• The government’s dedication to “Vanchiton Ko Variyata” ensures equitable support for historically underserved communities, aligning with the broader vision of “Viksit Bharat” for inclusive development.

The Correct Answer is ​Devika Sihag.

In News

• Devika Sihag Wins First International Challenge Title in Malaysia 2025.

Key Points

• Player: Indian shuttler Devika Sihag, 20 years old.
• Achievement: Claimed first International Challenge title in women’s singles.
• Event: Malaysia International Challenge 2025 held in Ipoh.
• Final match: Defeated fifth-seeded compatriot Isharani Baruah 15-7, 15-12.
• Scoring format: Played under BWF’s experimental 3×15 scoring (games to 15 points).
• Previous wins: Titles at Swedish Open and Portugal International in 2024.
• Event grade: Grade 3, Level 1 in the BWF Continental Circuit.
• National success: Recently won senior National Badminton Championships in Bengaluru.

The correct answer is The Zone of Interest

In News

• The Zone of Interest movie received the Oscar 2024 for Best International Feature Film.

Key Points

• "The Zone of Interest" represented the United Kingdom.
• It won the Best International Feature Film category.
• The film’s win was a significant moment, addressed during the acceptance speech reflecting on historical and contemporary events.
• Other nominees included "Io Capitano" and "Society of the Snow".
• This award brings attention to films produced outside of the United States.

The correct answer is Annie Besant

Key Points

• Annie Besant was a prominent British social reformer, theosophist, and supporter of Indian self-rule.
• She founded the Indian Home Rule League in 1916 to promote self-governance and greater autonomy for India within the British Empire.
• Annie Besant was also known for her work in education and women's rights, and she played a significant role in the Indian independence movement.
• Her efforts helped to galvanize support for the cause of Indian self-rule and set the stage for future leaders like Mahatma Gandhi.

Additional Information

• Annie Besant was born on 1^st October 1847 in London and became involved in various social and political causes throughout her life.
• She became the president of the Theosophical Society and moved to India, where she became deeply involved in Indian politics.
• The Indian Home Rule League aimed to achieve self-government for India through constitutional means and fostered a sense of national unity.
• In recognition of her contributions, she was elected as the president of the Indian National Congress in 1917.
• Her legacy continues to be remembered in India for her contributions to social reform, education, and the independence movement.

Shortcut Trick

Mean proportional between two numbers a and b is √(a × b).

Required mean proportional = √(0.09 × 0.64)

Separating the roots: √0.09 × √0.64 = 0.3 × 0.8

Result = 0.24

∴ The correct answer is 0.24.

Alternate Method

Given:

First term (a) = 0.09

Second term (b) = 0.64

Formula Used:

If a, x, b are in continued proportion, then x is the mean proportional where a/x = x/b ⇒ x² = ab.

Calculations:

⇒ Let the mean proportional be x.

⇒ x = √(0.09 × 0.64)

⇒ x = √((9/100) × (64/100))

⇒ x = (3/10) × (8/10)

⇒ x = 24/100

⇒ x = 0.24

∴ The correct answer is 0.24.

Additional Information

Third Proportional

The third proportional of two numbers a and b is defined as the value c such that a : b = b : c, given by c = b²/a.

Fourth Proportional

The fourth proportional of three numbers a, b, and c is the value d such that a : b = c : d, calculated as d = (b × c)/a.

Compound Ratio

For two ratios a : b and c : d, the compound ratio is (a × c) : (b × d).

Shortcut Trick

Ratio of Usual Speed to New Speed = 1 : 4/5 = 5 : 4.

Since Distance is constant, Time ratio is inverse of Speed ratio = 4 : 5.

Difference in time units = 5 − 4 = 1 unit.

Given, 1 unit = 15 min.

Usual Time = 4 units = 4 × 15 min = 60 min = 1 hr.

∴ The correct answer is 1 hr.

Alternate Method

Given:

New Speed = 4/5 × Usual Speed

Time delay = 15 min

Formula Used:

Distance = Speed × Time

⇒ Let Usual Speed = s and Usual Time = t.

⇒ Distance (d) = s × t

⇒ New Speed = 4/5s and New Time = t + 15

⇒ s × t = (4/5s) × (t + 15)

⇒ t = 4/5 × (t + 15)

⇒ 5t = 4t + 60

⇒ t = 60 min

⇒ t = 1 hr (Since 60 min = 1 hour)

∴ The correct answer is 1 hr.

Additional Information

Inverse Proportion Rule

When Distance is constant, speed and time are inversely proportional (s₁ × t₁ = s₂ × t₂). If speed decreases to a/b of its usual value, time increases to b/a of its usual value.

Direct Proportion Rule

When Time is constant, Distance is directly proportional to Speed (d₁/s₁ = d₂/s₂).

Average Speed Formula

If a person covers two equal distances at speeds x and y, the Average Speed for the whole journey is 2xy/(x + y).

Unit Conversion

To convert speed from km/hr to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert minutes to hours, divide by 60.

Given:

Amount = 2 × Principal

Time = 6 years

Formula Used:

Simple Interest = Principal × Time × R/100

Amount = Principal + Simple interest

Calculation:

Let the principal be x

So, the amount is 2x

Interest = 2x - x = x

⇒ x = x × 6 × R/100

⇒ R = 100/6 

⇒ R = $\frac{50}{3}$%

Case:2

Amount = 5x

Principal = x

Simple Interest = 5x - x = 4x

⇒ 4x = x × Time × $\frac{50}{3 \times 100}$

⇒ Time = 24 years

∴ In 24 years the amount will be 5 times of principal.

Shortcut Trick

Effective rate for half-yearly compounding = 20% ÷ 2 = 10% per 6 months.

For 1 year, there are 2 compounding periods.

Net effective interest rate = 10 + 10 + (10 × 10) ÷ 100 = 21%.

Compound Interest = 21% of ₹8,000 = 0.21 × 8,000 = ₹1,680.

∴ The correct answer is ₹1,680.

Alternate Method

Given:

Principal (P) = ₹8,000

Rate of Interest (R) = 20% per annum

Time (T) = 1 year

Formula Used:

For half-yearly compounding: Rate (r) = R ÷ 2, Time periods (n) = 2 × T

Amount (A) = P(1 + r/100)ⁿ

Compound Interest (CI) = A − P

Calculations:

⇒ Effective rate (r) = 20 ÷ 2 = 10% per half-year

⇒ Number of periods (n) = 1 × 2 = 2 periods

⇒ A = 8000 × (1 + 10/100)²

⇒ A = 8000 × (1.1)²

⇒ A = 8000 × 1.21

⇒ A = ₹9,680

⇒ CI = 9680 − 8000

⇒ CI = ₹1,680

∴ The correct answer is ₹1,680.

Additional Information

Effective Annual Rate (EAR)

When interest is compounded more than once a year, the effective annual rate is given by [(1 + r/n)ⁿ − 1] × 100, where n is the number of compounding periods.

Quarterly Compounding

If interest is compounded quarterly, the rate is divided by 4 and the time (in years) is multiplied by 4.

CI vs SI Difference

For 2 years (or 2 periods), the difference between CI and SI is P(R/100)².

Shortcut Trick

Use the direct ratio formula: MP / CP = (100 + Profit%) / (100 − Discount%)

MP / 600 = (100 + 25) / (100 − 20) = 125 / 80

MP / 600 = 25 / 16

MP = (25 × 600) ÷ 16 = 25 × 37.5 = 937.50

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 937.50.

Alternate Method

Given:

Cost Price (CP) = Rs. 600

Profit Percentage = 25%

Discount Percentage = 20%

Formula Used:

1. Selling Price (SP) = CP × (100 + Profit%) ÷ 100
2. Marked Price (MP) = SP × 100 ÷ (100 − Discount%)

Calculations:

⇒ Selling Price (SP) = 600 × (100 + 25) ÷ 100

⇒ SP = 600 × 1.25 = Rs. 750

⇒ Marked Price (MP) = 750 × 100 ÷ (100 − 20)

⇒ MP = 750 × 100 ÷ 80

⇒ MP = 750 × 1.25 = Rs. 937.50

∴ The correct answer is Rs. 937.50.

Additional Information

Markup Percentage

It is the percentage by which the cost price is raised to fix the marked price. Formula: Markup% = (MP − CP) ÷ CP × 100.

Effective Discount

When two successive discounts a% and b% are given, the single equivalent discount is (a + b − ab/100)%.

Relation between Markup, Profit and Discount

The relationship is given by: 1 + Profit% = (1 + Markup%) × (1 − Discount%) where percentages are in decimal form.

⇒ Average weight of 11 students = 37

⇒ Sum of weights of 11 students = 37 × 11 = 407

Now, average weights of 10 students = 35

⇒ Sum of weights of 10 students = 35 × 10 = 350

∴ Weight of the student who left = 407 – 350 = 57 kg

ALTERNATE SOLUTION:

Weight of student who left = (37 × 11) – 350 = 57

Given:

Varun = 3 × Sister

Concept used:

x² – (sum of roots)x + product of roots = 0

Calculation:

According to the question,

(V + 6) × (S + 6) = 231

⇒ (3S + 6)(S + 6) = 231

⇒ 3S² + 18S + 6S + 36 = 231

⇒ 3S2 + 24S - 195 = 0

⇒ S2 + 8S - 65 = 0

⇒ S2 + 13S - 5S - 65 = 0

⇒ S(S + 13) - 5(S + 13) = 0

⇒ (S + 13)(S - 5) = 0

⇒ S = - 13, 5

Age cannot be in negative

So age of sister = 5 years

So, age of Varun is 15 years

∴ Varun's present age is 15 years

Shortcut Trick

Convert percentage to fraction: 36(2/3)% = 11/30.

Let Total Income = 30 units, then Expenditure = 11 units.

Savings = 30 − 11 = 19 units.

Given: 19 units = ₹5,700 ⇒ 1 unit = ₹300.

Monthly Expenses = 11 units = 11 × 300 = ₹3,300.

∴ The correct answer is ₹3,300.

Alternate Method

Given:

Expenditure Percentage = 36(2/3)% = 110/3%

Monthly Savings = ₹5,700

Calculations:

⇒ Savings Percentage = 100% − 36(2/3)% = 63(1/3)%

⇒ 63(1/3)% = 190/3%

⇒ According to the question, (190/3)% of Total Income = 5,700

⇒ Total Income = (5,700 × 3 × 100) / 190

⇒ Total Income = 30 × 3 × 100 = ₹9,000

⇒ Monthly Expenses = Total Income − Savings

⇒ Monthly Expenses = 9,000 − 5,700 = ₹3,300

∴ The correct answer is ₹3,300.

Additional Information

Percentage to Fraction Conversion

Common fractions like 33(1/3)% = 1/3 and 66(2/3)% = 2/3 help in faster calculations during exams.

Income, Expenditure and Savings Relation

Income = Expenditure + Savings. Always ensure the sum of percentages equals 100%.

Base Change in Percentages

If A is x% more than B, then B is [x / (100+x)] × 100 % less than A.

Given

Speed of the boat in still water = 8 km/h

Speed of the stream = 2 km/h

Distance = 90 km

Concept:

The speed of the boat upstream (against the current) is (boat speed - stream speed), and downstream (with the current) is (boat speed + stream speed). Total time is the sum of the times for the upstream and downstream journeys.

Solution:

⇒ Upstream speed = 8 km/h - 2 km/h = 6 km/h

⇒ Downstream speed = 8 km/h + 2 km/h = 10 km/h

⇒ Time upstream = Distance / Speed = 90 km / 6 km/h = 15 hours

⇒ Time downstream = Distance / Speed = 90 km / 10 km/h = 9 hours

⇒ Total time = Time upstream + Time downstream = 15 hours + 9 hours = 24 hours

Therefore, the total time taken by him in the given two-way movement is 24 hours.

According to the question

Animals are 1/12^th part of the town's population [30°/360° = 1/12]

So Animals = 720000 × 1/12

⇒ 60000

∴ The number of animals in the town is 60000

Given Data:

The age of Sitamma 10 years ago was thrice the age of Radha

10 years hence, Sitamma age will be twice that of Radha

Calculation:

Let the present ages of Sitamma and Radha be x and y years respectively.

According to the question,

10 years ago, the age of Sitamma was 3 times the age of Radha.

(x – 10) = 3(y – 10)

⇒ 3y – x = 20      ----(1)

And, 10 years later, the age of Sitamma will be twice the age of Radha.

(x + 10) = 2(y + 10)

⇒ x – 2y = 10      ----(2)

Adding equation (1) and (2), we get

⇒ y = 30 years

Put y = 30 years in equation (1), we get

⇒ 3 × 30 – x = 20

⇒ 90 – 20 = x

⇒ x = 70 years

Now, we have to find the ratio of present age  i.e. x : y

⇒ x : y

⇒ 70 : 30

⇒ 7 : 3

∴ The ratio of the present age of Sitamma and Radha is 7 : 3

Shortcut Trick

Net deviation of 13 numbers from the overall average 30 = 13 × (32 − 30) = +26.

To balance the total average, the deviation of the remaining 2 numbers must be −26.

Individual deviation for each of the 2 numbers = −26 ÷ 2 = −13.

Value of each number = Overall Average + Individual Deviation = 30 − 13 = 17.

∴ The correct answer is 17.

Alternate Method

Given:

Average of 15 numbers = 30

Average of 13 numbers = 32

Remaining 2 numbers are equal (Let each be x).

Formula Used:

Sum of observations = Average × Number of observations

13 Numbers Avg = 32 2 Numbers Avg = x

Total 15 Numbers (Average = 30)

Calculations:

⇒ Total sum of 15 numbers = 15 × 30 = 450

⇒ Sum of 13 numbers = 13 × 32 = 416

⇒ Sum of remaining 2 numbers = Total sum − Sum of 13 numbers

⇒ x + x = 450 − 416

⇒ 2x = 34

⇒ x = 34 ÷ 2 = 17

∴ The correct answer is 17.

Additional Information

Weighted Average Formula

The overall average of two groups is given by: Avg_total = (n₁ × A₁ + n₂ × A₂) ÷ (n₁ + n₂).

Net Deviation Rule

The sum of deviations of all the observations from their arithmetic mean is always zero (∑(x_i − mean) = 0).

Inclusion/Exclusion in Average

Value of new observation = New Average + (Number of old observations × Change in Average).

From the given information:

1: The person who is sitting third to the left of Diksha is at one of the extreme ends.

We place Diksha third to the left of the extreme left.

2: Ekta is sitting fourth of the right to Gopi. Falak is sitting to the immediate right of Ekta.

Case 1:

Case 2:

3: Komal is an immediate neighbour of Bhawna and Diksha. Therefore Case 2 is eliminated.

Now we place Bhawna and Komal such that Komal becomes the immediate neighbor of Bhawna & Diksha.

Now we place Anmol at the only space left,

From the arrangement, we can see that Bhawna is the immediate neighbour of Gopi and Komal.

Hence the correct answer is option 2)

The logic follows here is:

(Sum of place values of the alphabets of the given word) × (Number of alphabets) = Given code

STOCK

Number of alphabets = 5

(S + T + O + C + K) × 5 =  (19 + 20 + 15 + 3 + 11) × 5 = 68 × 5 = 340.

TENT

Number of alphabets = 4

(T + E + N + T) × 4 = (20 + 5 + 14 + 20) × 4 = 59 × 4 = 236.

Similarly,

DOUBLE

Number of alphabets = 6

(D + O + U + B + L + E) × 6 = (4 + 15 + 21 + 2 + 12 + 5) × 6 = 59 × 6 = 354.

Hence, the correct answer is "354".

According to the given information-

1. Yashi starts walking from point D to South direction and walks 17 km. to reaches point G.

2. Then she turns to her right and walks 11 km. and reaches to point S.

3. Then, again she turns to her left and walks 8 km. and reaches to point U.

The shortest distance between point D to point U is given below.

(DU)² = (DZ)² + (UZ)²

= (25)² + (11)²

= 625 + 121

(DU)² = 746

DU = 27.31 km

Hence the approximate shortest distance between point D to point U is 27 km.

The family tree is given below:-

Man is the husband of Rashmi.

Hence, "option 4" is the correct answer.

Given: :VIRTUE is written as XCBYAN. 

The logic followed here is:

Similarly,

MODEST = ?

Hence, JISNYY is the correct answer.

Given :

38 ÷ 10 × 5 - 7 + 10 × 2 

Concept used:

BODMAS table:

Decoding the information, 

 

After replacing the signs from left to right and using the BODMAS rule,

⇒ 38 + 10 ÷ 5 × 7 - 10 ÷ 2 

⇒ 38 + 2 × 7 - 5

⇒ 38 + 14 - 5

⇒ 52 - 5

⇒ 47

Hence, the correct answer is '47'.

The logic followed here is:

The difference of difference between the terms is 6.

The pattern followed in the given series is:

 

Hence, the correct answer is option 3).

The pattern followed is:

Logic: Addition of five to first letter and reverse alphabetical letter for next letter is written respectively.

For, "SOLUTION : XLQFYRTM" .

 

For, "GARMENTS: LZWNJMYH".

Now for "ADVANCED:?".

As it can be seen that the obtained pattern for "ADVANCED" is "FWAZSXJW".

Therefore, the correct answer should be "Option3: FWAZSXJW".

Additional Information

Shortcut to remember the reverse positional letters.

1. PIANISM → AMPHIBIANS, the word can be formed.

2. SHIPS → AMPHIBIANS, the word cannot be formed (letter S is not present twice).

3. ANIMALS → AMPHIBIANS, the word cannot be formed (letter L is not present).

4. MISHAPPEN → AMPHIBIANS, the word cannot be formed (letter E is not present, and P is present only single time).

Hence, ‘PIANISM’ is the correct alternative.

The option that represents the correct order of the given words as they would appear in an English dictionary is:

1. Pancakes
2. Pancreas
3. Pandemic
4. Panicked
5. Panorama
6. Panther 

Hence, '1, 4, 2, 3, 5, 6' is the correct answer.

The pattern followed is:

1. The sides of the first figure are extended to get the second figure.
2. An equal number of the small circles is inserted on the right of the extended sides.

Thus only one figure that satisfies the given pattern is:

The complete series is:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 2".

The correct answer is Inkjet Printers

Key Points

• Inkjet Printers print characters on the paper by spraying ionized ink at a sheet of paper.
• These printers do not use a ribbon, unlike Dot-Matrix, Line, and Drum printers.
• The ink is directed onto the paper in the form of tiny droplets to create text and images.
• They are known for producing high-quality prints with good resolution and color.

Additional Information

• Dot-Matrix Printers use a print head that moves back-and-forth or in an up-and-down motion, striking an ink-soaked cloth ribbon against paper.
• Line Printers print an entire line at once and typically use a ribbon.
• Drum Printers have a rotating drum with raised characters and use a ribbon to transfer ink to the paper.
• Inkjet Printers are widely used in both home and office environments for their versatility and quality.

The correct answer is Database software.

Operating system:

• An operating system is a  system software
• It is an interface between the computer, user, and the hardware
• It performs all the basic tasks like file management, memory management, process management, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers
• Some of the examples of operating systems are Windows, Linux, VMS, etc.

 

Application software:

• This software is used by the user to perform a specific task
• It is also known as the end-user program
• Application software programs are developed to assist you with a particular process that may be related to creativity, productivity, or better communication.
• It is a non-essential software.
• Application software runs as and when the user requests it.
• Some of the examples of application software are, google chrome, internet explorer, VLC media, all Database software, etc.

What is Database Software or DBMS?

• Database Management System (DBMS) is an application software for storing and retrieving users' data while considering appropriate security measures. It consists of a group of programs that manipulate the database. The DBMS accepts the request for data from an application and instructs the operating system to provide the specific data. In large systems, a DBMS helps users and other third-party software to store and retrieve data.

 

Utility software:

• The Utility Software is system software that helps to maintain the proper and smooth functioning of a Computer System. It assists the Operating System to manage, organizing, maintaining, and optimizing the functioning of the computer system.
• Utility Software performs certain tasks like virus detection, installation, and uninstallation, data backup, deletion of unwanted files, etc. Some examples are antivirus software, file management tools, compression tools, disk management tools, programming language translators, etc.

Hint Point:

• The system software is used to operate computer hardware
• It is an interface between Application Software and hardware of the computer.
• The System Software is designed to manage the system resources and it also provides a platform for Application Software to run.

Electronic mail, or email, is the transmission of text-based messages among networked computers. Email is one of the earliest and most basic messaging resources on the Internet and in many ways it still acts as the lowest common denominator for computer communications. Types of email services:

• Free Web-based Email Services: These are the commonly used email accounts accessible through a web browser (such as Internet Explorer, Firefox etc.). They generally use HTTP Protocol for accessing mail. Example: Yahoo Mail, Hotmail, Gmail (whose attachment size limit is 25 MB) offer free web-based email services. These services are run on financial profit from advertisements. Advertisers pay service providers to expose email account holders to advertisement.
• Priced Web-based Email Services: There are also priced web-based email service providers. Many of the free web-based email service providers such as Yahoo! And Hotmail do offer premium account on payment basis. Advantage of utilising such services include more secured transaction of communication; personalised email address; better spam filtration as well as increased storage space. Priced email services are most useful in business-related message exchanges.
• Private Email Services: Most of the institutions/organisations have their own dedicated mail server and offer mail account for free to their staff and other members of the institution. These accounts exist only till one is member of that institution. For example: abc@ugc.ac.in; abc@satyam.net etc.

Hence, we conclude that email attachment size limit in Gmail is 25 MB.

​The correct answer is Portable Network Graphics.

• Portable Network Graphics is the full form of PNG in the computer image format.

Key Points

• PNG (Portable Network Graphics) PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
• PNG is a format for storing bit-mapped or raster images on the computer.
• PNG is also known as a successor of GIF format images.
• It uses the less compression technique to save images like GIF files but without copyright issues.
• It contains a bitmap of indexed color so it is also called a bit-mapped image.
• Portable Network Graphics Format was developed in early 1995.
• PNG form was created by a team working under Thomas Boutell.
• The main reason behind its development was the limitation of 256 colors only in GIF.
• PNG has a file extension ".png".
• PNG provides low-resolution images that look good and load quickly.
• The amount of transparency can be controlled.
• The format supports interlacing, and it can be developed faster than the GIF format.
• PNG format also supports Gamma correction.
• Images can be saved by using true color.
• It can also be saved by using palette and grayscale formats provided by GIF.

Additional Information 

• JPEG (or JPG) - Joint Photographic Experts Group.
• GIF - Graphics Interchange Format.
• TIFF - Tagged Image File Format.
• BMP - BitMaP.
• SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
• PSD - Photoshop Document.
• PDF - Portable Document Format.
• EPS - Encapsulated Postscript.
• RAW -Raw Image Formats
• AI - Adobe Illustrator Document.

The correct answer is 'Window + R'

Key Points

• Window + R:
• Pressing the Windows key and the R key simultaneously invokes the Run command window in Windows operating systems.
• This shortcut is a quick way to open the Run dialog box, which allows users to launch programs, open files, and access system resources by typing in commands.
• It's a useful tool for advanced users who prefer keyboard shortcuts over navigating through menus.

Additional Information

• Ctrl + R:
• This shortcut is commonly used to refresh the current window in many applications, including web browsers, but it does not invoke the Run command window in Windows.
• Window + W:
• This shortcut is not a standard Windows operating system shortcut for opening the Run dialog box. It may be used in certain versions of Windows for opening Windows Ink Workspace or other features.
• Ctrl + W:
• This shortcut is typically used to close the current window in many applications, such as web browsers and document editors, but it does not open the Run command window.

The Correct answer is 1024 megabytes.

Key Points

• In computer terminology, a gigabyte (GB) is a unit of digital information storage.
• 1 gigabyte is equal to 1024 megabytes (MB).
• This relationship is based on the binary system used in computing, where each unit is a power of 2.
• Binary system is important in digital electronics and computer science.
• Understanding data units like kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB) is crucial for managing and organizing digital information.
• The hierarchy follows: 1 kilobyte (KB) = 1024 bytes, 1 megabyte (MB) = 1024 kilobytes (KB), 1 gigabyte (GB) = 1024 megabytes (MB), and so on.
• This knowledge is essential for understanding storage capacities and file sizes on computers, smartphones, and other digital devices.

 Additional Information

• 1024 terabytes
• A terabyte (TB) is a much larger unit of digital storage than a gigabyte.
• 1 terabyte is equal to 1024 gigabytes.
• Terabytes are commonly used to measure the capacity of hard drives and large storage systems.
• 1024 kilobytes
• A kilobyte (KB) is a smaller unit of digital storage.
• 1 kilobyte is equal to 1024 bytes.
• Kilobytes are often used to measure the size of small files, such as text documents.
• 1024 bits
• A bit is the smallest unit of digital information.
• 8 bits make up 1 byte.
• Bits are commonly used to measure data transfer rates, such as internet speeds.

The correct answer is Entries in all the selected cells will be deleted

Key Points

• When you select the cell contents of a particular row in MS-Excel and then click the Delete button, entries in all the selected cells will be deleted.
• This action will clear the content of the cells but will not delete the entire row.
• To delete the entire row, you would need to right-click on the row number and select "Delete" from the context menu.
• The Delete button only affects the content within the selected cells, not the structure of the worksheet.

Additional Information

• MS-Excel provides various methods to delete data, including using the Delete key, right-click context menu, and ribbon options.
• Understanding the difference between deleting cell contents and deleting rows or columns is essential for efficient data management.
• Using the Clear options under the Home tab, you can also clear formats, comments, and hyperlinks in addition to cell content.
• To ensure data integrity, always double-check the selected area before performing delete operations.

The correct answer is a Smart Art graphic.

Key Points

• ​Smart art graphics are a visual representation of your information and ideas. which is used to create a layout that fits your message in MS PowerPoint.
• Some layouts (such as organization charts and Venn diagrams) portray specific kinds of information, while others simply enhance the appearance of a bulleted list.

Additional Information

Registers:

• Registers are a type of computer memory used to quickly accept, store, and transfer data and instructions that are being used immediately by the CPU.
• The registers used by the CPU are often termed Processor registers.
• A processor register may hold an instruction, a storage address, or any data.
• The computer needs processor registers for manipulating data and a register for holding a memory address.

The correct answer is Intellectual Property Right (IPR)

Key Points

• Intellectual Property Rights (IPR): These laws protect the rights of creators and inventors over their intellectual creations, such as literary works, music, art, software, and inventions.
• Using copyrighted material without permission or proper acknowledgment violates copyright laws under IPR.
• Teachers, educational institutions, and other professionals must seek authorization or provide due credit when using copyrighted resources.
• Copyright: One key aspect of IPR is copyright, which ensures that the creator retains exclusive rights to their work, including reproduction, distribution, and public display.

Additional Information

• IT Act: The IT Act primarily deals with cybercrimes, e-commerce, and digital transactions. It does not directly address copyright infringement.
• Digital Etiquette Law: This refers to rules or guidelines for appropriate behavior on digital platforms, but it is not a recognized law that enforces copyright protection.
• Cyber Safety Regulation: These regulations aim to ensure safe online practices and protect users from cyber threats. They do not cover intellectual property protection.

The correct answer is Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana.

Key Points

• Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY): This scheme was launched in 2000 by the Government of India to provide all-weather road connectivity to unconnected villages in rural areas.
• Objective: The main aim of PMGSY is to enhance rural connectivity, which is crucial for improving access to markets, education, healthcare, and other services.
• Scope: The scheme focuses on villages with a population of 500 and above in plain areas and 250 and above in hilly, tribal, or desert areas. Hence, it targets the most remote and underserved regions.
• Funding: PMGSY is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, with funding shared between the Central Government and State Governments. The funding ratio differs based on the type of state (e.g., 60:40 for most states and 90:10 for Himalayan and Northeastern states).
• Implementation: The scheme is implemented by state governments through the Rural Development Department. A detailed project report (DPR) is prepared for each road project, ensuring quality and sustainability.
• Impact: PMGSY has significantly improved rural infrastructure, leading to better economic opportunities, reduced migration, and enhanced living standards in rural areas.
• Hence, the correct answer is Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana.

Additional Information

• Other Schemes Mentioned in the Question:
• Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY): This scheme, launched in 2014, aims at the holistic development of villages by Members of Parliament adopting and developing model villages. However, it does not focus on road connectivity specifically.
• Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM): This scheme, launched in 2011, focuses on promoting self-employment and skill development among rural poor households. It does not address rural road connectivity.
• Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY): This scheme, introduced in 2015, focuses on providing affordable housing to the urban and rural poor. It is not related to road infrastructure.
• Challenges in Rural Connectivity:
• Geographical Constraints: Areas with difficult terrain, such as hilly or flood-prone regions, face challenges in constructing all-weather roads.
• Funding Issues: Adequate funds are essential to ensure timely implementation and maintenance of roads.
• Quality Concerns: Ensuring the durability of rural roads is crucial, as poor-quality construction can lead to frequent repairs.
• Important Facts about PMGSY:
• Phase-I: Focused on providing connectivity to unconnected habitations.
• Phase-II: Launched in 2013, it aimed to consolidate existing rural road networks.
• Phase-III: Initiated in 2019, it focuses on upgrading rural roads for better connectivity to grameen agricultural markets and other essential services.

Important Points

• Significance of Rural Road Connectivity:
• Economic Growth: Improved road connectivity facilitates the transportation of goods and enhances access to markets, boosting rural incomes.
• Social Inclusion: Better roads improve access to education and healthcare, reducing inequalities in rural areas.
• Disaster Resilience: All-weather roads ensure connectivity even during adverse weather conditions, aiding in disaster management.
• Examples of Success:
• Bihar: PMGSY has helped in reducing migration by improving connectivity to employment opportunities.
• Rajasthan: Improved rural connectivity under PMGSY has boosted tourism in certain remote areas.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

About U-WIN:

• The U-WIN portal is being rolled out under the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP).
• It is designed to be India’s digital backbone for immunization, similar to CoWIN but for all vaccines (not just COVID).
• Features include:
• Digital registration of pregnant women and newborns.
• Digital record-keeping of all immunizations.
• QR-based e-vaccination certificates for every child.
• Integration with the Ayushman Bharat Digital Health Mission → enabling creation of ABHA IDs for parents and children.
• Multilingual access → available in 11 regional languages for wider coverage.

Additional Information

• Evaluate the statements:
• It provides QR-based e-vaccination certificates → ✔️ Correct.
• It facilitates creation of Ayushman Bharat Health Accounts (ABHA) → ✔️ Correct.
• The portal is accessible in 11 regional languages → ✔️ Correct.
• None of the above → ✔️ Correct, because all 1, 2, and 3 are true, so “None of the above are incorrect.”

The correct answer is 2 crore.

• Through this scheme, the state government aims to ensure clean drinking water to every citizen of Bihar.

Important Points

The following four schemes are implemented by the Bihar government to ensure the successful implementation of the scheme "Har Ghar Nal Ka Jal":

• Mukhyamantri Gramin Peyjal Nishchay Yojana: This scheme is launched to provide safe drinking water facilities in 58,612 rural wards of 4291 Gram Panchayats.
• Mukhyamantri Gramin Peyjal (Gunvatta Prabhavit Kshetra) Nishchay Yojana: The scheme aims to provide safe drinking water in the areas where the water is completely affected by Iron, Flouride and Arsenic.
• Mukhyamantri Gramin Peyjal (Gair Gunvatta Prabhavit Kshetra) Nishchay Yojana: The state government is planning to implement this scheme in areas where the water quality is not affected.
• Mukhyamantri Shahri Peyjal Nishchay Yojana: The scheme aims to provide good quality water in households of 3381 urban wards of 143 urban local bodies of the state.

The correct answer is Connectivity to habitations.

• Under Gramin Tola Sampark Nishchay Yojana, a 1500 km road is constructed to provide connectivity to 1751 habitations.

Additional Information

• The 13786 unconnected habitations having population 100 or more have been identified under this scheme.
• Bihar is the third-largest state in terms of population and twelfth-largest in terms of territory.
• Hon’ble Chief Minister Nitish Kumar, Bihar is the Chairman of Governing Body, Bihar Vikas Mission.
• Deepak Kumar Chief Secretary, Bihar is the Chairman of Executive Committee, Bihar Vikas Mission.
• Arun Kumar Singh Development Commissioner, Bihar is Chairman of Sub Mission, Bihar Vikas Mission.

The correct answer is Indicative and suggestive NEP implementation plan for School Education.

Key Points

• SARTHAQ is an indicative and suggestive implementation plan created to execute the National Education Policy (NEP 2020) for School Education. It focuses on achieving the goals mentioned in NEP 2020.
• It provides a clear roadmap for states and union territories to implement NEP 2020 effectively, considering their local contexts and challenges.
• NEP 2020 is the most recent education policy in India, aimed at transforming the education system to meet the needs of the 21^st century.
• NEP 2020 covers all aspects of education, including school, higher, technical, and vocational education.
• About SARTHAQ:
• It provides guidelines to states and union territories for achieving the milestones and objectives set under NEP 2020.
• Option 1 (Legal Education): NEP 2020 does not directly propose a separate implementation plan for legal education.
• Option 4 (Technical Education): The policy addresses technical education reforms, but SARTHAQ is focused solely on school education.

Important Points

• Features of SARTHAQ:
• The implementation plan emphasizes local adaptation and provides flexibility to states to implement NEP 2020.
• NEP 2020 introduces a new academic structure of 5+3+3+4, replacing the previous 10+2 system.
• Promotes experiential learning, multidisciplinary approaches, and the integration of technology in education.

The Correct answer is Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission.

Key Points

• Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) was launched by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, to promote sustainable livelihood opportunities for rural households.
• The scheme aims to reduce poverty by enabling self-employment and entrepreneurial capabilities among rural women and other marginalized groups.
• It focuses on organizing rural women into Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and strengthening their capabilities through skill development, financial assistance, and market support.
• DAY-NRLM encourages the involvement of rural women in micro-enterprises and helps them access financial services through linkages with banks and other formal institutions.
• The mission's vision is to create a platform where rural women can enhance their incomes, achieve self-reliance, and improve their quality of life.
• It also emphasizes the importance of sustainable livelihoods by promoting activities like agriculture, animal husbandry, horticulture, and small-scale industries.
• Through its integrated approach, DAY-NRLM plays a crucial role in empowering women socially and economically, thus contributing to the broader goal of rural development.

Additional Information

• National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
• NRHM, launched in 2005, focuses on improving healthcare delivery in rural areas.
• It aims to provide accessible, affordable, and quality healthcare services, especially to the poor and vulnerable sections of society.
• The mission emphasizes maternal and child health, immunization, and combating diseases like tuberculosis and malaria.
• BharatNet Project
• The BharatNet Project aims to provide high-speed broadband connectivity to all Gram Panchayats in India.
• It is a backbone infrastructure for the Digital India initiative.
• The project enables the delivery of various services like e-governance, telemedicine, and digital education in rural areas.
• Skill India Mission
• The Skill India Mission was launched in 2015 to train people in various skills to make them employable.
• It focuses on bridging the skill gap and meeting the demands of different industries.
• Programs under this mission include the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) and other vocational training initiatives.

The correct answer is INSPIRE Portal.

Key Points

• The INSPIRE MANAK Scheme is implemented by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, to strengthen the innovation culture among school students.
• The platform for submitting ideas under this scheme is the official INSPIRE Portal.
• The portal allows students from grades 6 to 10 to submit their innovative ideas through their schools.
• The INSPIRE MANAK Award is given to students whose ideas are selected for funding and further development.
• The scheme aims to encourage creativity and critical thinking by recognizing and nurturing innovative ideas at a young age.

Additional Information

• INSPIRE Programme:
• INSPIRE stands for Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research.
• It is an initiative by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) to attract talent to the study of science.
• The programme includes various components such as scholarships, internships, and awards for students and researchers.
• MANAK Scheme:
• MANAK stands for Million Minds Augmenting National Aspirations and Knowledge.
• It focuses on encouraging students to address societal problems through science and technology-based solutions.
• Around 2 lakh ideas are shortlisted annually, and top innovations are showcased at the national level.
• Submission Process:
• Students need to register their ideas online through the INSPIRE Portal.
• Schools act as facilitators in the submission process.
• The ideas are evaluated based on originality, societal impact, and scientific feasibility.
• Support and Recognition:
• Selected students receive a cash award and mentorship for developing prototypes.
• The best innovations are showcased in exhibitions and events organized by DST.

The Correct Answer is ₹1,00,000 per year

Key Points 

• The Haryana government launched the Kalpana Chawla Scholarship Scheme in the 2025–26 budget.
• The scheme provides an annual scholarship of up to ₹1 lakh.
• It targets girls pursuing undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in science and engineering.

Additional Information 

• The initiative encourages more female students to enter STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields.
• The scholarship aims to reduce financial barriers and promote gender equality in higher education.
• The scheme reflects the state government’s focus on empowering women through education and skill development.

The Correct answer is Digitization of Evidence.

Key Points

• Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, also known as the Indian Evidence Act, introduces modern reforms aimed at enhancing the judicial process.
• The reform focuses on Digitization of Evidence, enabling the use of electronic and digital formats for presenting evidence in legal proceedings.
• The digitization process ensures greater accessibility to evidence, reducing the dependency on physical documents, which are prone to loss or damage.
• By digitizing evidence, the system fosters transparency and efficiency within the judicial framework.
• It aligns with the growing use of technology in governance and legal systems, supporting India's movement toward a Digital India.
• Digitization can help preserve evidence for long-term use, ensuring that the integrity of legal documentation is maintained.
• The reform is expected to bolster the use of cybersecurity measures to safeguard sensitive evidence in digital formats.
• It also facilitates better organization and retrieval of evidence during court proceedings, saving time and resources.
• The adoption of digitization is crucial for addressing challenges posed by increasing cybercrime and the need for handling digital evidence effectively.

 Additional Information

• Introduction of New Fundamental Rights
• While introducing new fundamental rights could be a significant reform, it is unrelated to the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, which is primarily about evidence and legal procedures.
• Fundamental rights in India are governed by Part III of the Indian Constitution and require constitutional amendments for changes.
• Abolishment of the Supreme Court
• The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in India, established under Article 124 of the Constitution.
• Its abolition is not feasible as it plays a crucial role in interpreting laws and safeguarding constitutional rights.
• Removal of All Existing Laws
• Removing all laws would create a legal vacuum and disrupt governance and justice systems in India.
• The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam seeks to improve specific laws related to evidence, not to eliminate all laws.

The correct answer is Option 3) Only 4.

Key Points

• ‘Adi Karmyogi’ (Beta Version) — a Responsive Governance Initiative — was launched in June 2025 by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
• Purpose: to strengthen service delivery and feedback loops for tribal communities through a digital platform (two-way communication, monitoring of benefits, quick grievance redressal, and data-driven decisions).
• Ministries of AYUSH, Women & Child Development, and Social Justice & Empowerment were not the launching ministries for this initiative.

The correct answer is ₹2,000.

Key Points

• VO (Village Organization) provided emergency support to SJY households during the COVID-19 pandemic to address urgent needs.
• Each SJY (Self-Help Group for Youth) household received ₹2,000 as financial aid.
• This support was part of a relief program to mitigate the financial stress faced by households during the pandemic.
• The initiative was aimed at ensuring basic needs like food and essential supplies were met during lockdowns and economic disruptions.

Additional Information

• Option 1 (₹1,000): While ₹1,000 is a common amount for certain relief packages, it was not the allocated amount for SJY households during the COVID-19 relief program.
• Option 2 (₹1,500): Some organizations provided ₹1,500 as emergency support for other groups, but this amount was not designated for SJY households.
• Option 4 (₹3,000): Larger amounts like ₹3,000 were allocated by some organizations for specific purposes, such as healthcare or extended family support, but not in this case.
• VO: Village Organizations (VOs) are grassroots-level institutions that work to support community welfare, often linked to self-help groups or microfinance initiatives.
• SJY: SJY households refer to beneficiaries of the "Self-Help Group for Youth" initiative, aimed at empowering households through financial and social support.

The correct answer is Gujarat.

Key Points

• Gujarat is one of the leading states in solar power generation in India and continues to hold its position due to favorable policies, geographic advantages, and significant investments.
• The state has implemented ambitious renewable energy programs, including the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana (PMSGMBY), which aims to provide solar-powered electricity to households.
• Under the scheme, Gujarat has aggressively promoted the installation of rooftop solar panels, encouraging households and industries to adopt solar energy. Hence, Gujarat is leading in solar power installations.
• Geographical advantage: Gujarat's climate and geographic location receive abundant solar radiation, making it suitable for large-scale solar power production.
• Gujarat has established dedicated solar parks such as the Charanka Solar Park, which is one of the largest in India. These initiatives are part of the state's renewable energy goals. Hence, Gujarat has emerged as the leader in solar installations.
• Policy framework: Gujarat has introduced strong policy measures to promote renewable energy, including subsidized loans, incentives for rooftop solar installations, and partnerships with private players.
• These policies have accelerated the adoption of solar energy and contributed to the state’s leadership in implementing the PMSGMBY. Hence, Gujarat is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana (PMSGMBY):
• This scheme was introduced by the Government of India to promote solar power generation at the household level and provide free electricity to homes using renewable energy.
• It focuses on increasing the adoption of solar panels, particularly rooftop installations, to reduce dependency on conventional power sources and promote sustainability.
• Solar Power in Gujarat:
• Gujarat has taken a leading role in solar energy production, contributing significantly to India's renewable energy targets. The state has a dedicated focus on increasing the share of solar energy in its power grid.
• The state’s flagship solar projects include the Charanka Solar Park, which was inaugurated in 2012 and has been a model for other states in India.
• Rooftop Solar Initiatives: Gujarat has incentivized rooftop solar installations, making it easier for households to switch to renewable energy under the PMSGMBY.
• Comparison with other states:
• Maharashtra: While Maharashtra is a leading state in overall energy production, its contribution to solar energy is growing but not as significant as Gujarat's.
• Uttar Pradesh: Uttar Pradesh is focusing on solar energy adoption but faces challenges such as land availability and infrastructure development.
• Tamil Nadu: Tamil Nadu is a leader in wind energy and has significant solar installations but does not surpass Gujarat in solar power generation.

Important Points

• India's Solar Energy Mission:
• India aims to achieve 280 GW of solar energy capacity by 2030 under its National Solar Mission.
• Solar energy is seen as a critical component of India’s commitment to the Paris Agreement and its renewable energy goals.
• Economic and Environmental Benefits:
• Solar energy reduces reliance on fossil fuels, lowering carbon emissions and contributing to a sustainable energy future.
• It provides cost-effective electricity to households, industries, and agricultural sectors, boosting economic growth.

The correct answer is Stand Up India Scheme.

Key Points

• Stand Up India Scheme is an initiative launched by the Government of India to promote entrepreneurship among Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and women.
• It was implemented by the Ministry of Finance, not the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD).
• The scheme facilitates bank loans between ₹10 lakh and ₹1 crore to at least one SC/ST borrower and one woman borrower per bank branch for setting up greenfield enterprises.
• Stand Up India Scheme was launched on 5 April 2016 by PM Narendra Modi as part of the broader initiative to foster inclusive growth.
• The scheme primarily focuses on economic empowerment by promoting entrepreneurship and job creation rather than direct welfare programs for women and children.

Additional Information

• Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD)
• The MWCD is responsible for policies and programs related to the welfare, development, and empowerment of women and children in India.
• Key initiatives under MWCD include Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana, Anganwadi Services Scheme, and POSHAN Abhiyaan.
• These programs focus on improving nutrition, maternal health, child welfare, and empowerment of women and girls.
• POSHAN Abhiyaan
• Also known as the National Nutrition Mission, POSHAN Abhiyaan aims to reduce malnutrition and stunting among children, anemia among women and children, and low birth weight.
• The initiative focuses on improving the nutritional status of women and children through awareness and integrated service delivery.
• Anganwadi Services Scheme
• This scheme provides a range of services such as supplementary nutrition, preschool education, and healthcare to children under 6 years and pregnant/lactating mothers.
• Implemented through Anganwadi centers, it is a flagship program of MWCD for early childhood care and development.
• Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)
• PMMVY is a maternity benefit program under MWCD, providing financial assistance to pregnant women and lactating mothers.
• Eligible beneficiaries receive ₹5,000 in three installments for the first live birth as part of this scheme.

The Correct Answer is ₹2,100 per month

Key Points

• The 'Dindayal Lado Laxmi Yojana' was launched by the Haryana government on September 25, 2025.
• Eligible women aged 23 and above from families with annual income below ₹1.40 lakh will receive financial assistance.
• The scheme provides ₹2,100 per month, directly credited to beneficiaries’ bank accounts.

Additional Information

• The application process is fully digital via the dedicated "Lado Lakshmi App".
• The scheme aims to empower women financially and improve their social and economic status.
• Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) ensures transparency and timely disbursal of funds.

The correct answer is Samagra Shiksha.

Key Points

• Project Appraisal, Budgeting, Achievements and Data Handling System (PRABANDH) is an integrated platform developed under the Samagra Shiksha scheme by the Ministry of Education, Government of India. Hence, option 3 is correct.
• The objective of PRABANDH is to ensure the efficient monitoring of school education programs, including the tracking of funds and progress under Samagra Shiksha.
• The system facilitates real-time monitoring and transparency by providing a digital platform for the appraisal, budgeting, and tracking of achievements in school education.
• The PRABANDH system also ensures that the funds allocated to schools are utilized appropriately and that reporting and monitoring of projects under the Samagra Shiksha scheme are streamlined.
• Samagra Shiksha is an overarching program for the school education sector, covering pre-school to senior secondary levels. It aims to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education at all levels.

Additional Information

• Samagra Shiksha Scheme:
• Launched in 2018, Samagra Shiksha subsumed three existing schemes: SSA (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan), RMSA (Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan), and the Teacher Education (TE) scheme.
• The scheme focuses on providing quality education, inclusive learning opportunities, and equitable access to education for all children.
• It emphasizes early childhood care and education (ECCE), teacher training, digital learning, and the overall development of schools.
• The program also aims to improve student learning outcomes and bridge social and gender gaps in school education.
• Functions and Features of PRABANDH:
• PRABANDH is an online system designed to monitor the implementation of various interventions under the Samagra Shiksha scheme.
• It enables the real-time tracking of fund utilization, progress reports, and achievements of schools and education initiatives.
• The system also facilitates the submission of proposals, the evaluation of plans, and the release of funds to states and union territories.
• The PRABANDH platform ensures better accountability and transparency in the implementation of educational programs.

Important Points

• Key Objectives of Samagra Shiksha:
• Focuses on universal access to quality education at all levels, including primary, secondary, and higher secondary education.
• Promotes gender equality and bridges socio-economic and regional disparities through targeted interventions.
• Supports vocational education to enhance employability and skill development among students.
• Provides funding for the development of infrastructure, such as classrooms, laboratories, and libraries, in government schools.
• Technology Integration in Education:
• The PRABANDH system is part of the government's emphasis on the Digital India initiative, focusing on e-governance and technology in education.
• It provides a centralized platform for data collection, monitoring, and evaluation, ensuring better decision-making and planning for school education programs.

The correct answer is Yukti Yojana.

Key Points

• Yukti Yojana, a unique public-private partnership between the Government of Bihar and Ipas Development Foundation.
• Under this Yojana, women receive high-quality, free-of-cost abortion care from accredited private clinics that are then reimbursed by the respective District Health Societies. The program complements existing public-sector CAC services in Bihar.
• It was showcased at the third National Summit on Good, Replicable Practices & Innovations in Public Health Care Systems in India organised by MoHFW August, 2016, and been featured in the Compendium of Good Practices across the Globe, released by the Prime Minister of India, at the Call to Action Summit, 2015.

The correct answer is Replacement of the 10+2 system with a 5 + 3 + 3 + 4 structure.

Key Points

• The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 introduced a new structural framework for school education, replacing the 10+2 system with the 5+3+3+4 structure.
• The 5+3+3+4 structure corresponds to the foundational stage (ages 3–8), preparatory stage (ages 8–11), middle stage (ages 11–14), and secondary stage (ages 14–18).
• This reform emphasizes the importance of early childhood care and education (ECCE), integrating preschool education into the formal schooling system.
• The new structure aims to align the Indian education system with global standards and emphasizes experiential, skill-based, and holistic learning.
• It also focuses on reducing the rigid separations between academic streams, vocational education, and extracurricular activities.

Additional Information

• Foundational Stage: Covers ages 3–8, including three years of preschool and two years of primary education. It focuses on play-based and activity-based learning.
• Preparatory Stage: Covers ages 8–11 (grades 3–5) and emphasizes discovery-based and interactive classroom learning.
• Middle Stage: Covers ages 11–14 (grades 6–8) and introduces subject-specific learning, including vocational education.
• Secondary Stage: Covers ages 14–18 (grades 9–12) and allows students to choose subjects based on their interests, with a multidisciplinary approach.
• Other Reforms under NEP 2020: Focus on mother tongue/local language as the medium of instruction, introduction of coding and computational thinking from an early stage, and flexibility for students to select subjects across streams.

The correct answer is 35%.

• The "Aarakshit Rozgar, Mahilaon Ka Adhikar" scheme is launched by the Bihar government to empower women in the field of government jobs.

Additional Information

• The "Aarakshit Rozgar, Mahilaon Ka Adhikar" scheme is part of the 7 nishchay for a developed Bihar under Bihar Vikas Mission.
• The state government has implemented the scheme as a part of women empowerment in the state.
• The Bihar government has also made provisions to ensure the participation of women in the formation of local governments in the state.
• The Women Development Corporation, Bihar is a registered body under Registration Act 1860. It is a nodal agency which works for  empowerment of women and girls.
• Safe City Surveillance Scheme Launched is also launched by the Bihar government for the safety of women from Crimes at public places.

The correct answer is Central Government.

Key Points

• Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) was launched by the Central Government of India in September 2001.
• The program aimed to provide employment opportunities in rural areas and ensure food security by offering wages partly in cash and partly in food grains.
• It was designed to improve the economic conditions of rural households and reduce unemployment in rural India. Hence, the Central Government initiated this program.
• The scheme was a consolidation of two earlier schemes: the Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS) and the Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY), reflecting a more comprehensive approach to rural employment generation.
• It was implemented through the Panchayati Raj Institutions, ensuring decentralized governance and participation of local self-governments. However, the initiation was done by the Central Government.
• The scheme addressed rural infrastructure development by funding labor-intensive projects such as the construction of roads, irrigation facilities, and rural housing.
• Hence, the correct answer is Central Government.

Additional Information

• Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY):
• The scheme was targeted at rural areas, focusing on providing employment opportunities to the poor and ensuring their basic needs through wage employment.
• Under the program, wages were paid in a combination of cash and food grains, ensuring both income generation and food security.
• The scheme was financed by the Central Government and supplemented by the State Governments. However, the major funding and overall management were under the purview of the Central Government.
• Implementation of the Scheme:
• The scheme was implemented through Panchayati Raj Institutions, enabling decentralized and participatory governance for rural development.
• The funds allocated under the scheme were used for labor-intensive projects such as the construction of rural roads, irrigation systems, and houses for the poor.
• It aimed to create durable assets in rural areas while addressing unemployment and underemployment among rural households.
• Wider Objectives:
• The scheme contributed to rural development by enhancing infrastructure and providing sustainable livelihoods to rural populations.
• It was a step toward eradicating poverty by ensuring employment and improving the standard of living in rural areas.

Important Points

• Key Characteristics:
• The SGRY scheme ensured equal participation of women, aiming to empower them economically and socially.
• The allocation of food grains under the scheme was significant, addressing the issue of malnutrition and hunger in rural India.
• Notable Achievements:
• The scheme improved rural employment rates and contributed to the creation of durable assets in many regions.
• It enhanced the quality of life in rural areas by addressing both economic and food-related challenges.

The correct answer is Providing LPG connections to women.

Key Points

• Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) was launched by the Government of India in May 2016. Its primary aim is to provide free LPG connections to women belonging to economically weaker sections (EWS) of society.
• Under this scheme, a subsidy is provided for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) connections, making clean cooking fuel accessible to households that previously relied on traditional cooking methods like firewood and coal.
• This initiative targets women as the primary beneficiaries, considering their role in managing household cooking and the adverse health effects of using unclean fuels. Hence, option 2 is correct.
• Eligibility Criteria: Women from Below Poverty Line (BPL) families, identified through the Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC) data, are eligible for this scheme.
• PMUY aims to reduce indoor air pollution and improve public health by promoting the use of cleaner cooking fuel. Hence, option 2 aligns with the scheme's objectives.
• The scheme also emphasizes women empowerment by easing their cooking burden and improving their quality of life, especially in rural areas.

Additional Information

• Specific Features of PMUY:
• Launch Date: The scheme was launched on May 1, 2016, by the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi.
• Implementation: It is implemented by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. Beneficiaries receive a financial support of ₹1,600 per connection.
• Target Beneficiaries: Women from families below the poverty line, including those belonging to SC/ST communities, Most Backward Classes (MBC), and forest dwellers.
• Benefits of PMUY:
• Health Impact: Reduction in exposure to harmful pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM2.5), leading to better respiratory and cardiovascular health.
• Environmental Impact: Promotes the use of cleaner fuels, reducing deforestation and carbon emissions.
• Economic Impact: Saves time for women, enabling them to focus on education, work, or other activities.
• Key Achievements:
• Over 9 crore LPG connections have been distributed under PMUY as of 2023.
• The scheme has significantly contributed to increasing LPG penetration in rural areas, especially among economically backward households.